U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – MARCH 2020 

Prices for U.S. imports fell 2.3 percent in March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

following a 0.7-percent decline the previous month. The March drop was driven by lower fuel prices. U.S. 

export prices decreased 1.6 percent in March, after falling 1.1 percent in February. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: March 2019 – March 2020

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports declined 2.3 percent in March, the largest monthly drop since import prices 

fell 3.2 percent in January 2015. The March decline followed a 0.7-percent decrease in February and 0.2-

percent advances in each of the 3 months prior to that. Import prices also fell on a 12-month basis, declining 

4.1 percent from March 2019 to March 2020. The decrease was the largest over-the-year drop since the 

index fell 4.7 percent for the 12 months ended June 2016. (See table 1.) 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on March 2020 Import and Export Price Index Survey Data

The import and export price quotes are requested for transactions occurring as close to the first day of the 

month as possible. While not directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, response rates for March were 

approximately 6.5 percentage points lower than March 2019. No changes in estimation procedures were 

necessary. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/bls/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-blsprice-indexes.htm#Import-Export.

0.6

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-4.0

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-1.0

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1.0

Mar'19 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 14, 2020 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-20-0610
2

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices fell 26.8 percent in March, after decreasing 9.0 percent in February. The 

March decline, led by a 27.4-percent drop in petroleum prices, was the largest decrease in import fuel prices 

since the index fell 27.8 percent in November 2008. The decline in petroleum prices followed an 8.8-percent 

drop the previous month. Natural gas prices also fell in March, decreasing 16.5 percent, after declining 14.0 

percent in February and 12.2 percent in January. Import fuel prices fell 36.2 percent over the past year; 

lower petroleum prices and natural gas prices both contributed to the decline. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Import prices excluding fuel were unchanged in March following 0.3-percent 

increases in February and January. In March, lower prices for consumer goods and foods, feeds, and 

beverages offset advancing prices for automotive vehicles, nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, and 

capital goods. Prices for nonfuel imports decreased 0.5 percent for the year ended in March. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 

rose 0.4 percent in March, after increasing 1.0 percent in February. The March advance was led by a 1.2-

percent rise in unfinished metals prices and a 2.3-percent increase in prices for building materials. 

 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in March. Higher prices for automotive vehicles and 

capital goods were largely offset by lower consumer goods prices. The price index for automotive vehicles 

rose 0.4 percent, driven by a 1.3-percent advance in non-engine auto parts. A 1.1-percent rise in computer 

prices led capital goods prices up 0.1 percent. In contrast, consumer goods prices fell 0.3 percent, driven by 

a 6.6-percent drop in diamond prices. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 1.0 percent in March 

following a 1.3-percent increase in February. In March, a 12.9-percent decline in vegetable prices more than 

offset a 7.0-percent advance in fruit prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: March 2019 – March 2020 

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports declined 1.6 percent in March, after falling 1.1 percent in February and rising 0.6 

percent in January. The March decrease was the largest monthly drop in export prices since the index 

declined 1.7 percent in January 2015. Decreasing prices for both nonagricultural exports and agricultural 

exports contributed to the March drop. U.S. export prices fell 3.6 percent for the year ended in March, the 

largest 12-month decrease since a 4.5-percent decline from May 2015 to May 2016. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: Export agricultural prices declined 1.4 percent in March following a 2.7-percent 

decrease the previous month. In March, lower prices for other animal feeds, vegetables, nuts, cotton, and 

wheat more than offset higher prices for fruit, soybeans, and meat. Prices for agricultural exports fell 2.2 

percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since the index decreased 5.3 percent for the year 

ended May 2019. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports declined 1.5 percent in 

March, after falling 1.1 percent in February. In March, falling prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies 

and materials; consumer goods; and nonagricultural foods more than offset rising prices for capital goods 

and automotive vehicles. Prices for nonagricultural exports fell 3.7 percent over the past 12 months, the 

largest over-the-year decrease since a 3.8-percent decline for the year ended June 2016. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

fell 4.6 percent in March following a 3.4-percent drop the previous month. Both decreases were driven by 

falling fuel prices which declined 13.2 percent in March and 10.6 percent in February. The March drop was 

the largest 1-month decline in export fuel prices since a 16.5-percent decrease in January 2015. 

Finished Goods: Prices for finished goods were mixed in March. Similar to imports, capital goods prices 

and automotive vehicles prices rose and consumer goods prices declined. The price index for capital goods 

increased 0.2 percent in March following a 0.4-percent advance the previous month. The March rise was led 

by a 3.4-percent increase in computer prices. Prices for automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent for the 

second consecutive month in March. In contrast, the price index for consumer goods decreased 0.6 percent, 

the largest monthly drop since the index fell 1.0 percent in January 2017. 

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0.6 0.2

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-1.6

-0.9

-1.4

-1.7

-2.2

-1.3

-0.9

0.4

-1.3

-3.6

-5.0

-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

Mar'19 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China rose for the third time in the past 4 months, after 

not increasing on a monthly basis since May 2018. Prices for imports from China ticked up 0.1 percent in 

March following a 0.3-percent decline in February and 0.2-percent advances in January and December. 

Despite the recent rises, the price index for imports from China decreased 1.2 percent over the past 12 

months. Import prices from Japan were unchanged for the second consecutive month in March. Prices for 

imports from Japan rose 0.2 percent from March 2019 to March 2020. Driven by lower fuel prices, the price 

index for imports from Canada fell 8.3 percent in March, the largest monthly decline since the index 

decreased 9.0 percent in November 2008. Import prices from the European Union and Mexico also 

decreased in March. Prices for imports from the European Union fell 0.3 percent, after edging down 0.1 

percent in February, and the price index for imports from Mexico declined 0.2 percent following a 0.1-

percent drop the previous month. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 2.3 percent in March following a 

0.7-percent drop in February. The March decrease was the largest 1-month drop since the index was first 

published in December 2017. Export prices to China fell 4.7 percent over the past 12 months. The price 

index for exports to Japan declined 3.4 percent in March, after decreasing 1.2 percent the previous month. 

Similar to export prices to China, the March decline in export prices to Japan was the largest monthly drop 

since the index was first published in December 2017. Prices for exports to Canada and the European Union 

each fell 1.9 percent in March. The declines came after prices for exports to Canada decreased 1.4 percent in 

February and export prices to the European Union fell 0.9 percent. The price index for export prices to 

Mexico decreased 0.4 percent in March, after falling 2.5 percent in February. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China fell 

2.4 percent in March, the largest decline in the index since publication began in December 2017. The drop 

in the index resulted from both a decrease in export prices to China and an increase in import prices from 

China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 3.5 percent in March, after a 1.1-percent drop 

the previous month. The U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also fell in March, 

declining 1.7 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively. In contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with 

Canada rose 6.9 percent in March following a 3.2-percent advance in February. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 9.8 percent in March, the largest monthly decrease since the 

index fell 9.9 percent in July. The March drop was driven by a 12.9-percent decline in European fares. 

Overall import air passenger fares decreased 11.3 percent for the year ended in March, the largest 12-month 

drop since the index fell 11.6 percent from October 2008 to October 2009. Import air freight prices 

advanced 2.6 percent in March, the largest 1-month increase since the index rose 6.9 percent in April 2018. 

The price index for import air freight increased 3.3 percent over the past year. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 4.2 percent in March, after decreasing 9.3 percent the previous 

month. In March, lower Asian and European fares contributed to the overall decrease. The index for export 

air passenger fares declined 8.1 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the 

index fell 9.9 percent in July 2016. Prices for export air freight fell 1.0 percent in March and 0.8 percent 

from March 2019 to March 2020. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for April are scheduled for release on Thursday, May 14, 2020 at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 124.3 121.4 -4.1 0.2 0.2 -0.7 -2.3

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 84.749 99.1 99.2 -0.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 91.389 112.3 112.2 -0.9 0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.1

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 90.993 116.3 116.3 -0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.244 181.0 179.2 0.1 1.2 0.5 1.3 -1.0

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.819 195.9 193.8 -0.9 1.5 0.2 1.3 -1.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.425 148.0 146.8 3.4 0.1 1.8 1.4 -0.8

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 22.888 182.1 163.3 -15.6 0.6 0.0 -3.1 -10.3

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.502 155.7 155.4 -2.4 0.6 -0.3 0.5 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 13.897 175.9 176.6 -0.3 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.784 170.3 171.6 2.3 -0.3 0.7 1.6 0.8

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.493 137.4 135.1 -9.0 1.9 -1.8 -1.4 -1.7

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 9.007 193.0 141.2 -36.2 1.3 -0.1 -9.0 -26.8

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 8.611 207.7 150.8 -36.0 0.8 0.3 -8.8 -27.4

Crude........................................ 10000 5.768 207.6 136.2 -44.7 1.1 -0.4 -10.7 -34.4

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.397 108.7 93.5 -38.6 11.9 -10.0 -12.3 -14.0

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.336 97.6 81.5 -42.4 14.3 -12.2 -14.0 -16.5

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.504 109.4 108.9 -12.6 -0.8 -1.2 -0.7 -0.5

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.593 154.4 154.0 -3.5 0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.540 146.2 149.6 3.1 0.4 -0.2 2.2 2.3

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.660 245.5 248.5 5.9 -1.1 2.1 3.5 1.2

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.782 156.6 155.7 -2.4 0.4 0.1 -0.7 -0.6

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.802 113.0 112.6 -1.0 0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4

Capital goods................................... 2 28.523 87.7 87.8 -1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.625 120.7 121.0 2.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.540 79.6 79.7 -1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.357 135.0 135.1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.639 110.2 110.6 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.706 106.8 106.5 -0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.147 123.9 123.8 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.292 91.0 90.9 -1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.267 116.6 111.3 -4.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 -4.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 124.4 122.4 -3.6 -0.2 0.6 -1.1 -1.6

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.440 179.4 176.8 -2.2 -0.1 2.2 -2.7 -1.4

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.797 101.8 101.7 0.1 -0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.560 120.1 118.3 -3.7 -0.2 0.6 -1.1 -1.5

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.754 183.5 180.7 -1.8 -0.2 2.4 -2.9 -1.5

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.182 181.6 179.1 -1.6 -0.1 2.4 -3.0 -1.4

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.572 220.6 212.5 -4.6 -0.7 2.1 -0.4 -3.7

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 32.143 147.5 140.8 -11.2 -0.5 0.9 -3.2 -4.5

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.738 171.5 170.6 2.9 -0.2 1.3 1.7 -0.5

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 21.405 137.4 128.5 -17.4 -0.5 0.6 -5.6 -6.5

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.229 171.4 168.0 -5.8 0.2 0.6 -0.5 -2.0

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 30.914 146.7 140.0 -11.4 -0.5 0.9 -3.4 -4.6

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.449 156.5 135.9 -29.3 -0.8 1.1 -10.6 -13.2

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.549 158.1 157.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.7 0.9 -0.4

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.916 116.1 118.2 -3.0 -0.8 -0.7 0.1 1.8

Capital goods................................... 2 36.785 111.4 111.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.816 120.1 120.2 2.1 0.1 0.8 1.6 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.917 95.0 95.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.052 183.9 184.2 1.8 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 9.869 114.3 114.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.449 110.5 109.8 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.6

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.000 108.4 108.3 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.974 107.2 107.3 0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.475 98.7 93.4 -6.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -5.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2019 to March 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.349 104.2 77.5 -34.9 2.0 -0.4 -7.7 -25.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.903 178.8 175.4 -2.1 3.3 1.0 1.9 -1.9

Crop production............................... 111 1.536 188.0 185.5 -2.3 3.1 0.1 3.4 -1.3

Mining............................................ 21 6.446 95.7 64.4 -43.2 1.7 -0.7 -10.2 -32.7

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 6.168 94.7 62.7 -44.6 1.7 -0.9 -10.7 -33.8

Manufacturing..................................... 91.352 110.9 110.6 -0.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.398 125.8 125.7 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.543 155.6 154.9 -0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 -0.4

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.175 129.1 129.3 5.9 0.3 0.4 2.1 0.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.370 98.8 98.6 -1.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.933 106.8 107.2 -1.4 -0.2 -0.6 0.2 0.4

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.733 112.5 112.6 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.644 124.2 124.1 0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.317 124.5 122.3 -3.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.6 -1.8

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 0.823 103.3 108.9 – – -0.4 3.7 5.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.989 107.2 107.2 -7.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3 0.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.601 96.8 83.9 -15.2 -1.2 2.6 -4.6 -13.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.249 137.9 137.6 -1.6 0.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.375 118.9 118.7 -0.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.088 132.4 132.3 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 61.637 103.6 103.7 -0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.177 161.6 163.2 3.9 -0.9 1.9 2.7 1.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.222 126.3 125.9 -0.6 0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.737 119.4 119.5 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.997 71.7 71.8 -2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.477 117.3 117.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.678 109.4 109.7 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.3

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.901 115.5 115.3 -1.9 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.448 119.1 117.5 -0.8 0.3 -0.3 0.3 -1.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2019 to March 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.528 120.1 104.4 -25.1 -0.4 0.2 -6.8 -13.1

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.668 150.9 148.7 -4.0 -1.2 3.5 -3.9 -1.5

Crop production............................... 111 4.322 158.4 155.9 -3.6 -1.2 3.8 -3.9 -1.6

Mining............................................ 21 4.860 69.8 52.8 -42.5 0.6 -2.5 -9.4 -24.4

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.199 96.9 95.8 -19.4 -1.9 -4.7 -0.4 -1.1

Manufacturing..................................... 89.202 116.2 115.9 -0.9 -0.2 0.7 -0.6 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.807 141.8 140.0 -0.5 0.6 1.1 -1.0 -1.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.679 160.3 157.7 -0.1 0.9 1.1 -1.5 -1.6

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.644 122.9 122.3 -1.3 -0.2 1.0 0.3 -0.5

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 24.062 110.3 109.6 -5.7 -0.7 1.0 -2.9 -0.6

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.453 92.6 94.8 -6.0 -0.4 -1.0 -0.2 2.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.490 117.8 118.2 -8.9 -0.3 -1.2 -0.3 0.3

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 5.529 97.4 94.4 -16.3 -1.9 4.5 -11.5 -3.1

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.244 117.0 116.6 -2.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.319 117.1 117.0 0.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.824 116.6 122.7 4.2 -1.1 0.1 0.2 5.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 58.334 116.2 116.2 1.1 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.340 161.5 160.7 9.3 -0.2 2.4 3.5 -0.5

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.088 150.4 150.2 2.7 0.1 0.8 0.1 -0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.855 130.6 130.9 1.1 -0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.816 82.3 82.5 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.6 0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.793 117.8 118.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.646 129.5 129.6 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.397 123.7 124.9 3.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.398 120.3 118.6 -1.2 -0.3 0.1 0.3 -1.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.385 198.7 193.4 -2.0 1.5 0.9 -1.2 -2.7

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.379 267.5 256.5 -0.7 2.8 -2.9 -1.1 -4.1

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.739 141.8 139.7 -1.4 1.2 3.4 -1.7 -1.5

Vegetable products............................... II 1.895 208.2 205.3 -2.2 2.7 0.2 3.5 -1.4

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.497 505.8 422.9 -18.6 5.6 -1.4 3.4 -16.4

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.662 108.3 116.0 2.7 2.1 1.5 6.9 7.1

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.349 214.7 214.1 7.1 2.6 -1.8 3.7 -0.3

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.254 89.3 90.9 0.4 0.1 4.8 -0.8 1.8

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.015 169.9 170.4 3.0 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.3

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.209 102.9 105.8 9.5 2.7 0.1 1.4 2.8

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.369 171.3 170.4 -1.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.127 140.2 140.4 6.0 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 9.103 194.7 144.0 -35.1 1.2 -0.1 -8.4 -26.0

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.733 190.5 139.5 -36.4 1.3 -0.2 -9.0 -26.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.644 156.6 156.1 -0.8 0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.493 292.4 285.3 -11.1 3.5 -3.4 -1.2 -2.4

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.171 127.0 126.6 -0.3 0.5 0.1 0.8 -0.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.919 154.2 154.0 0.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.630 104.4 103.7 0.7 -0.1 1.2 0.0 -0.7

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.595 101.6 101.3 -2.5 0.4 -1.1 0.2 -0.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.642 139.4 139.2 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.449 141.9 141.6 -1.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.2

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.193 136.5 136.4 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.1

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.623 125.1 125.4 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.596 132.0 132.2 0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.848 150.0 158.1 5.8 0.6 -0.3 3.7 5.4

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 0.848 103.5 109.1 – – -0.4 3.9 5.4

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.022 112.7 112.7 -7.8 -0.3 -1.0 -0.4 0.0

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.713 107.7 107.6 -3.9 0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.841 114.1 114.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.972 105.4 105.1 0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.3

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.611 120.8 121.2 0.7 0.0 0.4 -0.2 0.3

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.635 100.8 101.6 -1.9 -0.1 -1.0 0.4 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March

2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.380 124.3 124.2 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.155 122.6 122.5 0.9 -0.1 0.3 0.0 -0.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.971 132.3 132.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.070 208.7 208.0 16.3 0.1 2.9 5.4 -0.3

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.451 167.9 166.9 -6.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.8 -0.6

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.123 201.7 200.9 -8.8 -0.7 -0.1 1.2 -0.4

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.681 146.5 145.8 -3.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.5

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.401 257.2 255.7 -13.3 0.3 2.4 -7.2 -0.6

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.892 125.3 124.4 -6.8 -0.3 -0.2 -1.3 -0.7

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.463 123.0 123.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.534 134.5 133.8 -2.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 30.424 78.7 78.9 -1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.403 84.0 84.5 -2.0 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.6

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.021 73.6 73.7 -0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.815 114.0 114.2 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.692 113.2 113.3 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.085 101.9 101.9 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.810 98.0 98.0 -0.6 0.3 -0.5 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.458 111.4 111.4 -1.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.805 117.1 117.0 -1.4 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.384 102.2 102.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.270 127.2 127.2 -1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.963 213.8 212.2 0.0 0.3 0.6 -1.7 -0.7

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.157 163.9 165.6 1.8 1.0 0.2 -2.4 1.0

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.357 120.5 114.3 -7.7 -0.9 2.2 -1.2 -5.1

Vegetable products............................... II 4.268 195.1 192.9 -3.8 -1.2 3.8 -4.4 -1.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.972 138.2 138.1 -0.4 1.5 -5.3 0.7 -0.1

Cereals............................................ 10 1.442 200.3 198.3 3.1 -0.4 3.5 -0.2 -1.0

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.424 188.3 190.5 0.6 -2.8 4.6 -5.4 1.2

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.090 155.6 151.3 -1.3 0.5 0.7 -1.1 -2.8

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100). . . .. 20 0.334 99.8 99.8 – – -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.594 100.6 100.6 2.9 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.567 108.0 102.0 -4.0 -1.1 -4.4 1.2 -5.6

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.744 225.0 208.9 -5.7 3.1 6.6 -4.9 -7.2

Mineral products.................................. V 10.385 188.6 164.0 -29.1 -0.9 1.2 -10.4 -13.0

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.383 90.9 86.2 -13.7 -4.7 -2.8 -0.9 -5.2

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.805 180.2 155.6 -30.2 -0.7 1.3 -11.0 -13.7

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.937 137.1 136.6 -1.9 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.4

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.717 140.6 139.8 -6.2 -0.4 0.9 -4.8 -0.6

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.479 138.4 137.3 -6.9 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.8

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.183 108.4 107.9 2.2 0.0 0.4 0.3 -0.5

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.536 105.0 103.9 2.4 -0.7 -0.1 0.1 -1.0

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.867 128.2 128.3 -3.8 0.1 -1.2 -0.5 0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.494 125.5 125.5 1.9 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.033 158.4 158.5 1.1 0.0 1.3 0.1 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.163 142.0 142.1 -1.0 -0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.272 139.0 139.2 -1.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.891 153.1 152.5 -1.4 -0.7 0.4 0.3 -0.4

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.551 90.5 93.3 -6.1 -1.2 -0.5 -0.1 3.1

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.737 117.8 119.9 -6.5 0.0 -1.1 0.4 1.8

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.423 100.5 108.2 – – -4.1 4.8 7.7

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.023 122.6 122.6 -4.2 -0.2 -0.2 -1.1 0.0

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.706 120.8 119.3 -3.2 0.1 1.9 -0.6 -1.2

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.488 119.4 114.2 -9.6 0.3 3.9 -1.6 -4.4

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.806 126.6 132.1 3.7 -0.5 -0.1 0.1 4.3

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March

2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.391 100.0 100.0 – – 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.862 277.7 272.4 11.8 -0.4 1.9 4.4 -1.9

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.600 155.8 155.5 -3.7 0.3 1.4 -1.1 -0.2

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.487 172.7 170.9 -10.6 0.4 4.1 -5.1 -1.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.700 101.0 99.2 -6.8 -0.2 1.0 1.7 -1.8

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.341 156.1 156.1 0.6 -0.2 1.8 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.506 97.8 98.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.994 115.8 116.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.513 78.6 78.6 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.428 138.0 138.1 1.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.087 116.8 116.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 6.083 111.0 110.7 1.6 -0.1 0.3 0.3 -0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.353 113.7 113.2 0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.9 -0.4

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.750 131.8 132.5 1.5 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.446 89.4 87.2 -1.5 0.7 -1.1 1.7 -2.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: March 2019 to March 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 124.8 121.2 -5.2 0.0 -0.2 -1.4 -2.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.512 153.8 108.8 -45.2 -1.3 -2.6 -12.8 -29.3

Manufacturing................................ 89.996 121.8 121.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 131.0 120.1 -16.5 -0.6 -0.6 -4.5 -8.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 27.647 148.7 103.7 -46.7 -1.5 -2.9 -13.5 -30.3

Manufacturing................................ 71.513 129.2 129.2 -1.6 -0.4 0.3 -0.5 0.0

European Union............................... 100.000 137.4 137.0 -0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.3

Manufacturing................................ 98.562 133.7 133.4 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.2

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.1 126.4 -1.3 -0.2 0.3 -0.6 -0.6

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 113.6 113.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 -0.3

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 123.6 123.3 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.7 -0.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 144.6 141.3 -4.5 0.3 0.3 -0.6 -2.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.765 248.7 200.3 -22.9 4.4 1.3 -4.6 -19.5

Manufacturing................................ 84.948 118.5 119.3 -1.3 -0.4 0.1 0.3 0.7

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 125.9 125.6 -1.5 0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.054 132.8 115.6 -16.2 5.4 1.1 -0.8 -13.0

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.656 86.7 87.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.8

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 97.6 97.5 -1.2 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.1 98.2 -1.2 0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.9 96.9 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 98.6 98.6 -0.9 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 85.9 85.6 -3.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.3

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.6 97.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 -0.3

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 175.3 144.7 -20.5 0.1 -0.3 -1.8 -17.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: March 2019 to March 2020

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 102.4 100.7 -3.1 -0.1 0.5 -1.1 -1.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.544 95.7 78.7 -35.4 -0.2 0.3 -9.4 -17.8

Manufacturing................................ 89.120 103.4 103.4 0.7 -0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.0

Canada.......................................... 100.000 103.5 101.5 -4.2 -0.2 0.4 -1.4 -1.9

European Union............................... 100.000 104.2 102.2 -2.3 0.0 0.6 -0.9 -1.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.901 92.6 73.6 -33.3 1.3 -1.3 -7.2 -20.5

Manufacturing................................ 89.535 105.3 105.3 1.0 -0.1 0.8 -0.3 0.0

Germany........................................ 100.000 105.2 105.6 3.4 0.2 0.8 -0.2 0.4

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 98.4 97.5 -5.2 -0.5 1.6 -3.1 -0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.215 99.8 94.7 -12.4 -1.6 1.8 -5.6 -5.1

Manufacturing................................ 92.292 98.3 97.7 -4.8 -0.3 1.5 -3.0 -0.6

Mexico........................................... 100.000 98.5 98.1 -3.9 -0.4 1.2 -2.5 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 5.568 93.1 91.2 -12.1 -3.6 1.8 -5.1 -2.0

Manufacturing................................ 93.849 98.8 98.5 -3.4 -0.2 1.1 -2.3 -0.3

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 98.5 95.8 -4.8 -0.2 0.4 -1.1 -2.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.193 91.2 71.9 -27.4 -0.5 1.5 -6.0 -21.2

Manufacturing................................ 84.218 100.4 100.5 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1

China............................................ 100.000 96.8 94.6 -4.7 0.0 0.2 -0.7 -2.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.397 87.8 68.1 -30.4 0.1 -0.1 -7.5 -22.4

Manufacturing................................ 85.651 100.4 100.6 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2

Japan............................................ 100.000 99.3 95.9 -4.2 0.0 0.0 -1.2 -3.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 19.741 92.6 74.9 -27.6 1.1 -0.6 -5.6 -19.1

Manufacturing................................ 78.409 100.0 100.2 1.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: March 2019 to March 20201

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.4 101.7 2.3 -0.1 0.8 0.3 1.3

Canada.................................................. 103.8 111.0 14.6 0.5 1.0 3.2 6.9

European Union...................................... 102.1 100.4 -2.1 0.0 0.2 -0.8 -1.7

Germany................................................ 106.6 107.3 2.9 -0.3 0.6 -0.5 0.7

Latin America3

........................................ 101.3 102.7 -0.8 -0.8 1.2 -2.6 1.4

Mexico.................................................. 100.9 100.8 -2.4 -0.8 1.2 -2.4 -0.1

Pacific Rim4............................................ 99.3 96.7 -3.6 -0.4 0.5 -1.1 -2.6

China.................................................... 98.8 96.4 -3.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 -2.4

Japan.................................................... 97.9 94.5 -4.4 0.2 -0.2 -1.1 -3.5

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: March

2019 to March 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Feb.

20201

Index Percent change

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2019 to

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 176.3 180.8 3.3 1.8 -2.3 -1.0 2.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.446 144.4 143.6 -3.8 -0.1 0.6 0.2 -0.6

Asia.................................................. 58.227 164.4 172.0 6.5 2.8 -4.4 -1.7 4.6

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 166.0 164.4 -0.8 0.8 2.7 -1.4 -1.0

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 31.840 155.3 154.6 2.6 0.7 3.1 -1.1 -0.5

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 162.9 164.3 -1.6 1.2 -0.9 -0.9 0.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.726 132.6 132.4 -4.0 -0.1 1.3 -0.2 -0.2

Asia.................................................. 56.934 149.5 151.9 -0.9 1.9 -2.6 -1.3 1.6

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 190.6 153.2 5.5 0.9 1.6 27.2 -19.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 26.325 161.3 161.4 6.0 1.3 2.3 -0.6 0.1

Asia.................................................. 59.326 227.3 152.2 8.3 1.0 1.3 59.0 -33.0

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 172.3 155.5 -11.3 5.7 -8.7 0.2 -9.8

Europe............................................... 47.437 208.3 181.5 -11.9 -1.4 0.8 0.6 -12.9

Asia.................................................. 20.396 121.3 112.3 -9.9 19.3 -14.7 -7.2 -7.4

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 8.588 162.7 150.7 -2.5 16.1 -19.2 8.7 -7.4

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 143.1 137.1 -8.1 -0.7 7.4 -9.3 -4.2

Europe............................................... 29.070 179.5 171.7 -12.3 -2.2 -0.9 -2.0 -4.3

Asia.................................................. 25.691 127.2 120.9 -7.9 -1.9 14.4 -13.9 -5.0

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 26.545 154.3 150.7 -2.6 3.7 11.9 -13.0 -2.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

16
17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
18 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.