Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-1967

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 7, 2022

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2022

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in September, and the unemployment rate

edged down to 3.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains 

occurred in leisure and hospitality and in health care.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Hurricane Ian

Hurricane Ian had no discernible effect on the employment and unemployment data for September. 

Household survey data collection was completed before the storm made landfall in Florida, and 

establishment survey data collection rates were within normal ranges nationally and for the affected 

areas. For information on how unusually severe weather can affect the employment and hours estimates, 

see the Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release.

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2019 – September 2022

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Sep-19 Mar-20 Sep-20 Mar-21 Sep-21 Mar-22 Sep-22

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2019 – September 2022

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Sep-19 Mar-20 Sep-20 Mar-21 Sep-21 Mar-22 Sep-22
-2-

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down to 3.5 percent in September, returning to its July level. The number 

of unemployed persons edged down to 5.8 million in September. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics decreased to 3.8 percent in 

September. The jobless rates for adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), teenagers (11.4

percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), and Asians (2.5 percent) showed little change over 

the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers decreased by 173,000 to 1.2 million in 

September. The number of persons on temporary layoff changed little at 758,000. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.1 

million in September. The long-term unemployed accounted for 18.5 percent of all unemployed persons.

(See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate was little changed at 62.3 percent in September, and the 

employment-population ratio was unchanged at 60.1 percent. Both measures are 1.1 percentage points 

below their values in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 306,000 to 3.8 million 

in September. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part 

time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.8 

million in September and remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were 

not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force was little changed in September at 1.6 million. These individuals wanted and were 

available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 

work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 

marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, increased by 119,000 to 485,000 

in September. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In September, 5.2 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, 

down from 6.5 percent in the prior month. In May 2020, the first month these data were collected, 35.4 

percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic. These data refer to 

employed persons who teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding 

the survey specifically because of the pandemic.

In September, 1.4 million persons reported they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 1.9 

million in the previous month and from 49.8 million in May 2020. Among those who reported in 
-3-

September that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 21.4 

percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, essentially the same 

as in August.

Among those not in the labor force in September, 452,000 persons were prevented from looking for 

work due to the pandemic, little changed from the prior month. In May 2020, 9.7 million persons were 

prevented from looking for work due to the pandemic. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, 

individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey from May 2020 through 

September 2022 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not 

seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available 

online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. For information about 

the new supplemental questions being introduced in October 2022, see the box note on page 5.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in September. Monthly job growth has 

averaged 420,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 562,000 per month in 2021. In September, notable 

job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality and in health care. (See table B-1.)

Leisure and hospitality added 83,000 jobs in September, in line with the average monthly job gain over 

the first 8 months of the year. Within the industry, employment in food services and drinking places rose 

by 60,000 in September. Employment in leisure and hospitality is below its pre-pandemic February 2020 

level by 1.1 million, or 6.7 percent.

In September, employment in health care rose by 60,000 and has returned to its February 2020 level.

Over the month, ambulatory health care services and hospitals each added 28,000 jobs.

Employment in professional and business services continued its upward trend in September (+46,000).

Thus far in 2022, job growth in the industry has averaged 72,000 per month. Employment in temporary 

help services continued to trend up (+27,000) in September. Job gains occurred in investigation and 

security services (+9,000) and in scientific research and development services (+5,000). Job losses

occurred in business support services (-12,000), legal services (-5,000), and advertising and related 

services (-5,000).

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in September (+22,000). Job gains occurred in motor 

vehicles and parts (+8,000), fabricated metal products (+6,000), and electrical equipment and appliances 

(+3,000). Printing and related support activities lost 4,000 jobs over the month. Manufacturing has 

added an average of 36,000 jobs per month thus far in 2022.

In September, employment in construction continued to trend up (+19,000), in line with average 

monthly job growth in the first 8 months of this year. Specialty trade contractors added 18,000 jobs in 

September.

Employment in wholesale trade continued its upward trend in September (+11,000). Wholesale trade 

has added an average of 18,000 jobs per month thus far in 2022. 
-4-

In September, employment in financial activities changed little (-8,000), as declines in insurance 

carriers and related activities (-9,000) and nondepository credit intermediation (-7,000) were partially 

offset by a job gain in depository credit intermediation (+5,000).

Employment in transportation and warehousing was little changed in September (-8,000). A loss of 

11,000 jobs in truck transportation was partially offset by a gain of 3,000 jobs in air transportation. 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, retail 

trade, information, other services, and government.

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 

cents, or 0.3 percent, to $32.46. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.0 

percent. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees rose by 10 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $27.77. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

In September, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.5 hours for 

the fourth month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was unchanged at 

40.3 hours, and overtime held at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.0 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 11,000, from +526,000 

to +537,000, and the change for August remained at +315,000. After revision, employment gains in July 

and August combined were 11,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from 

additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates 

and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________

The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 4, 2022, 

at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
-5-

Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data 

The supplemental questions that BLS added to the household survey in May 2020 to examine the effects 

of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market were asked for the last time in September 

2022. These questions asked whether people teleworked or worked from home because of the pandemic,

whether people were unable to work because their employers closed or lost business due to the 

pandemic, whether they were paid for that missed work, and whether the pandemic prevented jobseeking activities. These questions had become less relevant than they were earlier in the pandemic. This 

Employment Situation news release is the last one to contain data from these questions.

To improve the relevancy of the supplemental pandemic-related questions, four new questions that focus 

on telework will be asked starting in October 2022. These new questions will ask whether people 

teleworked or worked from home during the survey reference week; how many hours they teleworked; 

whether they teleworked prior to the pandemic; and whether they teleworked more, less, or about the 

same as before the pandemic.

Because data from the new questions will take time to process and review, the Household Survey 

Supplemental Data section of the Employment Situation news release will be temporarily discontinued 

with the release of October data on November 4, 2022. More information about the new questions, 

including future announcements about the availability of data from these questions, will be available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Change from:

Aug. 2022-

Sept. 2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 261,766 264,012 264,184 264,356 172

Civilian labor force........................................................... 161,471 163,960 164,746 164,689 -57

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.7 62.1 62.4 62.3 -0.1

Employed................................................................... 153,806 158,290 158,732 158,936 204

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 58.8 60.0 60.1 60.1 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 7,666 5,670 6,014 5,753 -261

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.7 3.5 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,294 100,051 99,438 99,667 229

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.7 3.5 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.7 3.2 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 11.3 11.5 10.4 11.4 1.0

White.......................................................................... 4.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 7.8 6.0 6.4 5.8 -0.6

Asian.......................................................................... 4.2 2.6 2.8 2.5 -0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.1 3.9 4.5 3.8 -0.7

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.1 2.8 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.7 5.9 6.2 5.6 -0.6

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.7 3.6 4.2 3.7 -0.5

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 0.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.8 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 4,002 2,547 2,720 2,495 -225

Job leavers...................................................................... 792 842 898 905 7

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,275 1,826 1,836 1,840 4

New entrants.................................................................... 491 460 440 447 7

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,227 2,080 2,223 2,154 -69

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,727 1,772 1,807 1,645 -162

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,047 718 885 899 14

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,664 1,067 1,137 1,067 -70

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,450 3,924 4,149 3,843 -306

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,142 2,697 2,769 2,577 -192

Could only find part-time work............................................. 988 910 979 952 -27

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,335 21,103 21,044 21,233 189

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,745 1,545 1,434 1,600 166

Discouraged workers........................................................ 450 424 366 485 119

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 537 315 263

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 448 275 288

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 63 35 44

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 -3 3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 21 11 19

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 37 27 22

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 30 25 16

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 8.4 4.0 8.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 2 6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 385 240 244

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 15.8 16.1 11.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 16.3 42.6 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 17.6 5.4 -7.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 1.1 0.6 0.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 16 5 13

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7 7 -8

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 84 54 46

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 13.4 13.2 27.2

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 122 75 90

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 88.7 60.2 75.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 89 31 83

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 17 3 17

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 89 40 -25

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 405 382 372

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 375 356 337

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 49.9 49.8 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 81.5 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 34.5 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.92 $32.27 $32.36 $32.46

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,076.02 $1,113.32 $1,116.42 $1,119.87

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.4 112.7 113.0 113.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.7 173.9 174.8 175.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 70.7 61.5 61.9

Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 60.1 55.4 56.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 670,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,766 264,184 264,356 261,766 263,679 263,835 264,012 264,184 264,356

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,392 164,971 164,463 161,471 164,376 164,023 163,960 164,746 164,689

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 62.4 62.2 61.7 62.3 62.2 62.1 62.4 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,026 158,714 159,003 153,806 158,426 158,111 158,290 158,732 158,936

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 60.1 60.1 58.8 60.1 59.9 60.0 60.1 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,366 6,256 5,460 7,666 5,950 5,912 5,670 6,014 5,753

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.8 3.3 4.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,373 99,213 99,893 100,294 99,302 99,812 100,051 99,438 99,667

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,710 5,633 5,650 5,918 5,681 5,656 5,910 5,549 5,834

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,648 128,722 128,807 126,648 128,470 128,547 128,636 128,722 128,807

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,715 87,649 87,529 85,801 87,366 87,213 86,936 87,335 87,711

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 68.1 68.0 67.7 68.0 67.8 67.6 67.8 68.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,731 84,504 84,687 81,533 84,218 84,061 83,891 84,045 84,587

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 65.6 65.7 64.4 65.6 65.4 65.2 65.3 65.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,984 3,145 2,842 4,268 3,148 3,152 3,046 3,290 3,124

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.6 3.2 5.0 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,933 41,072 41,278 40,846 41,104 41,334 41,700 41,387 41,097

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,337 120,058 120,140 118,337 119,831 119,899 119,977 120,058 120,140

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,865 84,180 84,594 82,851 84,249 84,040 83,857 84,158 84,660

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.1 70.4 70.0 70.3 70.1 69.9 70.1 70.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,230 81,401 82,075 78,952 81,422 81,242 81,164 81,225 81,878

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 67.8 68.3 66.7 67.9 67.8 67.7 67.7 68.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,635 2,780 2,519 3,899 2,827 2,797 2,692 2,934 2,783

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.3 3.0 4.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,472 35,878 35,545 35,486 35,582 35,859 36,120 35,900 35,479

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,118 135,462 135,548 135,118 135,209 135,287 135,376 135,462 135,548

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,677 77,321 76,934 75,670 77,010 76,809 77,024 77,410 76,978

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 57.1 56.8 56.0 57.0 56.8 56.9 57.1 56.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,295 74,210 74,316 72,273 74,208 74,050 74,399 74,687 74,349

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 54.8 54.8 53.5 54.9 54.7 55.0 55.1 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,382 3,111 2,618 3,398 2,802 2,760 2,625 2,724 2,629

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.0 3.4 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,441 58,141 58,615 59,448 58,199 58,478 58,351 58,052 58,570

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,982 127,034 127,117 126,982 126,802 126,872 126,951 127,034 127,117

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,784 73,850 73,842 72,644 73,911 73,741 73,988 74,140 73,750

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 58.1 58.1 57.2 58.3 58.1 58.3 58.4 58.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,699 71,067 71,590 69,555 71,432 71,311 71,710 71,729 71,493

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.9 55.9 56.3 54.8 56.3 56.2 56.5 56.5 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,085 2,783 2,251 3,089 2,479 2,430 2,278 2,411 2,258

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.8 3.0 4.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,198 53,185 53,276 54,337 52,891 53,131 52,963 52,895 53,367

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,447 17,091 17,099 16,447 17,046 17,064 17,084 17,091 17,099

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,743 6,940 6,027 5,976 6,216 6,242 6,116 6,447 6,278

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 40.6 35.2 36.3 36.5 36.6 35.8 37.7 36.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,097 6,247 5,337 5,298 5,571 5,558 5,415 5,778 5,565

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 36.5 31.2 32.2 32.7 32.6 31.7 33.8 32.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 694 689 678 645 685 700 669 713

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 10.0 11.4 11.3 10.4 11.0 11.5 10.4 11.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,704 10,151 11,072 10,471 10,830 10,822 10,968 10,644 10,821

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202,057 203,324 203,420 202,057 203,039 203,125 203,229 203,324 203,420

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,134 126,264 126,036 124,204 125,772 125,706 125,705 126,172 126,183

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 62.1 62.0 61.5 61.9 61.9 61.9 62.1 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,154 122,115 122,403 119,009 121,724 121,587 121,822 122,129 122,329

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 60.1 60.2 58.9 60.0 59.9 59.9 60.1 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,980 4,148 3,633 5,194 4,048 4,119 3,884 4,043 3,855

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.3 2.9 4.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,923 77,061 77,383 77,853 77,267 77,419 77,524 77,152 77,237

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,939 65,545 65,872 64,957 65,653 65,556 65,430 65,600 65,940

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 69.9 70.2 70.1 70.1 70.0 69.8 69.9 70.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,471 63,660 64,221 62,257 63,620 63,529 63,464 63,553 64,048

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 67.9 68.4 67.2 67.9 67.8 67.7 67.7 68.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,467 1,885 1,651 2,699 2,033 2,027 1,966 2,048 1,892

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 2.9 2.5 4.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,690 55,399 55,435 54,574 55,315 55,318 55,565 55,661 55,351

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 57.1 57.1 56.1 57.1 57.1 57.3 57.4 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,666 53,608 53,979 52,574 53,731 53,727 54,123 54,125 53,914

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 55.3 55.6 54.0 55.5 55.4 55.8 55.8 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,024 1,791 1,456 2,000 1,583 1,591 1,442 1,535 1,437

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.2 2.6 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,505 5,320 4,730 4,673 4,804 4,832 4,711 4,911 4,892

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 42.6 37.8 38.7 38.5 38.7 37.7 39.3 39.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,016 4,848 4,203 4,178 4,373 4,331 4,235 4,451 4,366

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 38.8 33.6 34.6 35.1 34.7 33.9 35.6 34.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 472 527 495 431 501 476 460 526

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 8.9 11.1 10.6 9.0 10.4 10.1 9.4 10.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,673 34,171 34,204 33,673 34,079 34,107 34,138 34,171 34,204

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,588 21,259 21,218 20,626 21,475 21,213 21,174 21,123 21,258

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 62.2 62.0 61.3 63.0 62.2 62.0 61.8 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,063 19,824 20,041 19,017 20,141 19,975 19,907 19,776 20,014

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 58.0 58.6 56.5 59.1 58.6 58.3 57.9 58.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,524 1,436 1,177 1,608 1,335 1,238 1,268 1,347 1,243

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 6.8 5.5 7.8 6.2 5.8 6.0 6.4 5.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,086 12,912 12,986 13,047 12,604 12,895 12,964 13,048 12,946

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,394 9,777 9,907 9,389 9,983 9,866 9,764 9,707 9,894

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.0 67.3 68.1 65.9 68.9 68.1 67.3 66.8 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,696 9,199 9,368 8,644 9,416 9,342 9,212 9,125 9,321

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 63.3 64.4 60.7 65.0 64.4 63.5 62.8 64.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 578 540 745 566 524 552 582 573

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 5.9 5.4 7.9 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,451 10,654 10,638 10,450 10,731 10,628 10,688 10,643 10,636

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 62.1 61.9 61.3 62.7 62.0 62.3 62.0 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,725 9,947 10,072 9,702 10,102 10,030 10,119 10,018 10,058

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 58.0 58.6 56.9 59.0 58.6 59.0 58.4 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 707 565 748 629 598 569 625 578

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 6.6 5.3 7.2 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.9 5.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 829 673 787 762 719 722 773 728

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 33.3 27.1 33.0 30.8 29.0 29.1 31.1 29.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 678 601 671 622 603 576 634 635

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 27.3 24.2 28.1 25.1 24.3 23.2 25.5 25.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 151 72 115 140 116 146 140 92

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 18.2 10.7 14.6 18.3 16.1 20.3 18.1 12.7

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,540 16,989 17,132 16,540 16,815 16,910 16,920 16,989 17,132

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,683 11,166 11,151 10,652 10,912 10,894 10,980 11,096 11,122

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 65.7 65.1 64.4 64.9 64.4 64.9 65.3 64.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,245 10,841 10,882 10,207 10,651 10,565 10,693 10,790 10,848

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 63.8 63.5 61.7 63.3 62.5 63.2 63.5 63.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 326 269 445 261 330 287 307 274

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.9 2.4 4.2 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,857 5,823 5,981 5,889 5,903 6,016 5,940 5,893 6,009

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 45,083 46,287 46,373 45,083 46,039 46,119 46,200 46,287 46,373

Civilian labor force................................ 29,577 30,920 30,641 29,566 30,610 30,670 30,363 30,918 30,650

Participation rate............................... 65.6 66.8 66.1 65.6 66.5 66.5 65.7 66.8 66.1

Employed....................................... 27,813 29,498 29,515 27,758 29,279 29,364 29,170 29,539 29,470

Employment-population ratio............... 61.7 63.7 63.6 61.6 63.6 63.7 63.1 63.8 63.5

Unemployed.................................... 1,764 1,422 1,126 1,808 1,331 1,306 1,193 1,379 1,180

Unemployment rate......................... 6.0 4.6 3.7 6.1 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.5 3.8

Not in labor force................................. 15,506 15,367 15,732 15,518 15,429 15,449 15,837 15,369 15,724

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,369 16,651 16,523 16,326 16,717 16,743 16,452 16,625 16,506

Participation rate............................... 80.3 79.4 78.7 80.1 80.1 80.1 78.6 79.3 78.6

Employed....................................... 15,488 15,998 16,031 15,408 16,152 16,170 15,870 15,976 15,971

Employment-population ratio............... 76.0 76.3 76.3 75.6 77.4 77.4 75.8 76.2 76.0

Unemployed.................................... 881 653 493 918 566 573 581 649 535

Unemployment rate......................... 5.4 3.9 3.0 5.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,938 12,746 12,792 11,932 12,466 12,486 12,515 12,812 12,778

Participation rate............................... 57.8 60.6 60.7 57.8 59.6 59.6 59.6 60.9 60.6

Employed....................................... 11,277 12,177 12,339 11,272 11,876 11,926 12,113 12,264 12,321

Employment-population ratio............... 54.6 57.9 58.6 54.6 56.8 56.9 57.7 58.3 58.5

Unemployed.................................... 661 569 452 661 591 560 402 547 457

Unemployment rate......................... 5.5 4.5 3.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 3.2 4.3 3.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,270 1,524 1,326 1,307 1,427 1,441 1,397 1,482 1,365

Participation rate............................... 31.3 35.6 30.9 32.2 33.5 33.8 32.7 34.6 31.8

Employed....................................... 1,048 1,323 1,145 1,078 1,252 1,268 1,187 1,299 1,178

Employment-population ratio............... 25.8 30.9 26.7 26.5 29.4 29.7 27.8 30.3 27.5

Unemployed.................................... 222 201 181 229 175 173 210 183 187

Unemployment rate......................... 17.5 13.2 13.6 17.5 12.2 12.0 15.0 12.3 13.7

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,263 8,623 9,094 9,128 9,194 9,210 8,924 8,646 8,992

Participation rate.................................. 45.9 45.2 46.2 45.3 44.0 44.7 46.2 45.4 45.7

Employed.......................................... 8,644 8,153 8,674 8,428 8,719 8,680 8,398 8,110 8,491

Employment-population ratio................. 42.9 42.8 44.1 41.8 41.8 42.2 43.5 42.5 43.1

Unemployed....................................... 619 469 420 700 475 530 526 536 501

Unemployment rate............................ 6.7 5.4 4.6 7.7 5.2 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,261 35,903 35,488 34,994 36,118 35,985 35,386 35,798 35,278

Participation rate.................................. 55.7 56.6 56.5 55.3 56.8 56.8 56.1 56.4 56.1

Employed.......................................... 33,351 34,354 34,244 32,991 34,760 34,679 34,113 34,284 33,973

Employment-population ratio................. 52.7 54.1 54.5 52.1 54.7 54.8 54.1 54.0 54.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,910 1,549 1,244 2,004 1,358 1,305 1,273 1,514 1,306

Unemployment rate............................ 5.4 4.3 3.5 5.7 3.8 3.6 3.6 4.2 3.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,840 35,262 35,597 35,794 35,787 35,707 35,575 35,586 35,544

Participation rate.................................. 63.1 62.4 62.8 63.0 63.5 62.6 62.6 63.0 62.7

Employed.......................................... 34,273 34,147 34,609 34,196 34,565 34,585 34,563 34,538 34,530

Employment-population ratio................. 60.3 60.5 61.0 60.2 61.3 60.6 60.8 61.2 60.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,567 1,115 989 1,598 1,222 1,122 1,012 1,048 1,014

Unemployment rate............................ 4.4 3.2 2.8 4.5 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 60,710 63,343 63,574 60,772 62,295 62,098 63,380 63,701 63,610

Participation rate.................................. 72.0 72.6 73.0 72.1 73.3 73.1 73.0 73.1 73.0

Employed.......................................... 59,213 61,949 62,473 59,258 61,078 60,800 62,094 62,519 62,478

Employment-population ratio................. 70.3 71.0 71.7 70.3 71.9 71.6 71.5 71.7 71.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,497 1,394 1,100 1,514 1,217 1,297 1,286 1,182 1,132

Unemployment rate............................ 2.5 2.2 1.7 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,011 18,313 16,091 16,283 1,920 2,030

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,485 8,807 7,345 7,621 1,141 1,187

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 48.1 45.6 46.8 59.4 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,181 8,579 7,078 7,436 1,103 1,143

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 46.8 44.0 45.7 57.5 56.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 229 266 185 37 44

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 2.6 3.6 2.4 3.3 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,526 9,506 8,746 8,662 779 843

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,641 4,922 3,876 4,041 765 881

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,651 3,973 3,084 3,289 567 684

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 80.7 79.6 81.4 74.1 77.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,522 3,880 2,966 3,210 555 671

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.9 78.8 76.5 79.4 72.6 76.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 92 117 79 12 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.3 3.8 2.4 2.1 1.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990 949 792 752 198 197

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,085 3,248 2,548 2,753 537 495

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,200 2,280 1,855 1,986 345 294

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 70.2 72.8 72.1 64.3 59.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,135 2,207 1,804 1,931 331 276

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 67.9 70.8 70.1 61.7 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 73 50 55 14 18

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.8 4.1 6.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 968 693 768 192 201

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,360 6,178 6,136 5,932 224 246

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016 904 961 877 55 27

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 14.6 15.7 14.8 24.5 11.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977 878 923 850 55 27

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 14.2 15.0 14.3 24.5 11.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 27 39 27 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 2.9 4.0 3.0 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,344 5,274 5,175 5,055 169 219

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,925 3,965 3,531 3,557 394 408

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,618 1,650 1,445 1,469 173 182

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 41.6 40.9 41.3 44.0 44.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,547 1,613 1,385 1,444 162 169

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.4 40.7 39.2 40.6 41.1 41.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 37 60 25 11 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 2.2 4.1 1.7 6.6 6.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,307 2,315 2,086 2,088 221 226

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,883 236,598 106,108 107,682 128,776 128,916

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,627 153,284 77,266 78,826 73,361 74,458

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 64.8 72.8 73.2 57.0 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,774 148,309 73,655 76,293 70,119 72,016

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 62.7 69.4 70.9 54.5 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,853 4,975 3,611 2,533 3,243 2,443

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.2 4.7 3.2 4.4 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,256 83,314 28,842 28,857 55,414 54,458

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 31,569 33,223 230,196 231,132

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 7,051 7,710 154,341 156,753

Participation rate..................................................................... 22.3 23.2 67.0 67.8

Employed............................................................................. 6,417 7,145 147,609 151,858

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 20.3 21.5 64.1 65.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 634 565 6,732 4,894

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.0 7.3 4.4 3.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,518 25,513 75,855 74,380

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,965 3,126 76,646 78,109

Participation rate..................................................................... 38.0 37.9 82.1 82.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,710 2,868 73,102 75,652

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 34.7 34.8 78.3 80.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 255 259 3,544 2,457

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.6 8.3 4.6 3.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,837 5,124 16,718 16,395

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,841 3,243 68,100 68,733

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.8 38.2 71.1 71.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,534 2,974 65,190 66,506

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 31.1 35.0 68.0 69.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 307 269 2,910 2,227

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.8 8.3 4.3 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,320 5,249 27,733 27,228

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,244 1,341 9,596 9,910

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.0 8.1 23.4 24.4

Employed............................................................................. 1,173 1,303 9,317 9,700

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.5 7.9 22.7 23.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 72 37 279 210

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.8 2.8 2.9 2.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,362 15,140 31,404 30,757

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 43,111 45,351 20,904 22,003 22,207 23,348

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,100 30,213 16,212 17,219 11,887 12,994

Participation rate.................................................. 65.2 66.6 77.6 78.3 53.5 55.7

Employed.......................................................... 26,816 29,349 15,540 16,750 11,276 12,599

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.2 64.7 74.3 76.1 50.8 54.0

Unemployed....................................................... 1,284 864 672 469 611 395

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.6 2.9 4.1 2.7 5.1 3.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,012 15,138 4,692 4,784 10,320 10,354

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,654 219,005 105,743 106,805 112,911 112,200

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,293 134,250 69,503 70,310 63,790 63,939

Participation rate.................................................. 61.0 61.3 65.7 65.8 56.5 57.0

Employed.......................................................... 127,210 129,654 66,191 67,938 61,019 61,717

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.2 59.2 62.6 63.6 54.0 55.0

Unemployed....................................................... 6,083 4,596 3,312 2,373 2,771 2,223

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.6 3.4 4.8 3.4 4.3 3.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 85,362 84,755 36,240 36,494 49,121 48,261

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,272 2,207 2,165 2,247 2,355 2,308 2,429 2,178 2,178

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,504 1,503 1,448 1,508 1,553 1,520 1,621 1,491 1,474

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 743 671 700 733 776 747 752 645 696

Unpaid family workers........................... 26 32 18 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 151,754 156,507 156,838 151,686 156,183 156,114 156,002 156,931 156,956

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 142,210 147,362 147,538 141,756 146,455 146,346 146,627 147,397 147,268

Government..................................... 20,343 20,744 21,166 20,514 20,885 20,601 21,272 21,220 21,313

Private industries............................... 121,866 126,618 126,372 121,909 125,619 125,767 125,421 126,111 126,494

Private households.......................... 768 777 705 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 121,099 125,840 125,667 121,226 124,955 125,210 124,799 125,441 125,902

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,491 9,081 9,235 9,424 9,291 9,255 8,971 8,985 9,161

Unpaid family workers........................... 53 64 65 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,130 4,060 3,523 4,450 4,328 3,621 3,924 4,149 3,843

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,960 2,673 2,393 3,142 2,996 2,366 2,697 2,769 2,577

Could only find part-time work.................. 982 932 945 988 999 914 910 979 952

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,432 19,618 21,389 20,335 20,806 20,602 21,103 21,044 21,233

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,077 3,996 3,479 4,360 4,235 3,694 3,888 4,075 3,763

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,924 2,630 2,353 3,094 2,927 2,345 2,676 2,727 2,527

Could only find part-time work.................. 967 914 945 976 988 912 909 966 952

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,037 19,333 21,047 19,952 20,438 20,180 20,675 20,710 20,887

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,026 158,714 159,003 153,806 158,426 158,111 158,290 158,732 158,936

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,097 6,247 5,337 5,298 5,571 5,558 5,415 5,778 5,565

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,071 2,546 2,115 2,021 2,194 2,114 2,076 2,255 2,087

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,026 3,701 3,222 3,261 3,396 3,443 3,343 3,485 3,464

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,929 152,468 153,666 148,508 152,855 152,554 152,875 152,953 153,371

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,448 13,864 13,666 13,529 13,768 13,852 13,902 13,670 13,755

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,481 138,604 140,000 135,072 139,047 138,603 138,969 139,259 139,598

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,702 101,645 102,291 98,460 101,734 101,495 101,686 102,053 102,037

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,780 35,362 35,451 34,713 35,569 35,437 35,436 35,555 35,392

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,085 34,592 34,735 32,945 34,675 34,508 34,616 34,694 34,618

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,837 31,691 32,105 30,802 31,490 31,550 31,634 31,804 32,027

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,778 36,959 37,709 36,612 37,313 37,108 37,283 37,206 37,561

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,731 84,504 84,687 81,533 84,218 84,061 83,891 84,045 84,587

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,501 3,103 2,612 2,581 2,795 2,819 2,726 2,820 2,709

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 1,188 958 974 1,054 1,046 988 1,036 954

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 1,915 1,653 1,590 1,748 1,769 1,742 1,761 1,749

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,230 81,401 82,075 78,952 81,422 81,242 81,164 81,225 81,878

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,846 7,096 7,003 6,882 7,009 7,081 7,022 6,900 7,038

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,384 74,305 75,072 72,081 74,406 74,052 74,151 74,233 74,762

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,634 54,246 54,560 52,462 54,258 54,161 54,190 54,193 54,381

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,598 18,731 18,926 18,540 18,830 18,842 18,740 18,767 18,866

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,891 18,700 18,656 17,802 18,628 18,492 18,631 18,651 18,579

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,145 16,816 16,979 16,120 16,800 16,828 16,819 16,776 16,936

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,751 20,059 20,512 19,619 20,147 19,890 19,961 20,040 20,381

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,295 74,210 74,316 72,273 74,208 74,050 74,399 74,687 74,349

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,596 3,143 2,726 2,717 2,776 2,739 2,689 2,958 2,856

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073 1,358 1,157 1,046 1,140 1,067 1,088 1,219 1,133

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,523 1,786 1,568 1,671 1,648 1,674 1,601 1,724 1,715

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,699 71,067 71,590 69,555 71,432 71,311 71,710 71,729 71,493

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,602 6,768 6,663 6,646 6,759 6,771 6,880 6,770 6,717

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,097 64,299 64,928 62,991 64,641 64,551 64,818 65,026 64,836

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,069 47,399 47,731 45,998 47,475 47,334 47,496 47,860 47,656

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,182 16,631 16,525 16,174 16,739 16,595 16,696 16,789 16,526

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,194 15,892 16,079 15,143 16,047 16,016 15,986 16,044 16,039

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,692 14,876 15,127 14,681 14,690 14,722 14,814 15,028 15,091

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,028 16,900 17,197 16,993 17,165 17,218 17,322 17,165 17,180

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,821 45,365 46,100 43,671 45,306 45,222 45,449 45,422 45,912

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,044 36,249 36,616 35,029 36,356 36,526 36,954 36,828 36,615

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,618 9,918 9,813 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,484 133,630 133,027 128,076 132,800 132,648 132,577 132,335 132,661

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,542 25,085 25,976 25,772 25,766 25,440 25,824 26,237 26,230

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,032 7,485 7,739 7,038 7,302 7,541 7,633 7,747 7,746

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,146 6,672 6,710 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,234 9,752 9,935 10,157 10,067 10,002 9,723 9,629 9,858

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,666 6,014 5,753 4.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 678 669 713 11.3 10.4 11.0 11.5 10.4 11.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 244 243 294 10.8 10.2 11.2 10.3 9.7 12.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 432 426 424 11.7 10.4 10.2 12.1 10.9 10.9

20 years and over................................ 6,988 5,345 5,040 4.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,146 1,021 1,030 7.8 6.7 6.8 6.4 6.9 7.0

25 years and over.............................. 5,825 4,301 3,980 4.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 4,507 3,280 3,074 4.4 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 1,919 1,377 1,313 5.2 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 1,350 1,036 1,072 3.9 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 1,238 867 689 3.9 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.1

55 years and over........................... 1,338 1,015 926 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.4

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,268 3,290 3,124 5.0 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 370 356 341 12.5 10.3 11.2 11.5 11.2 11.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 126 134 145 11.5 8.8 11.2 8.7 11.5 13.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 242 223 200 13.2 11.4 9.8 12.8 11.2 10.3

20 years and over................................ 3,899 2,934 2,783 4.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 690 608 606 9.1 7.0 7.6 7.3 8.1 7.9

25 years and over.............................. 3,213 2,296 2,165 4.3 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,486 1,743 1,675 4.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,107 712 706 5.6 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 760 574 564 4.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 618 457 405 3.7 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.3

55 years and over........................... 727 553 490 3.6 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.3

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,398 2,724 2,629 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 309 313 372 10.2 10.4 10.8 11.4 9.6 11.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 118 109 149 10.1 11.4 11.1 11.6 8.2 11.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 189 203 224 10.2 9.4 10.6 11.3 10.5 11.6

20 years and over................................ 3,089 2,411 2,258 4.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 456 412 424 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.9

25 years and over.............................. 2,611 2,004 1,815 4.0 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.7

25 to 54 years............................... 2,021 1,537 1,399 4.2 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 812 665 607 4.8 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 590 462 507 3.7 3.0 3.6 2.6 2.8 3.1

45 to 54 years............................. 620 410 284 4.0 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.8

55 years and over........................... 594 450 420 3.4 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,257 934 840 2.8 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,023 796 708 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9

Women who maintain families2.................... 698 533 488 6.8 5.0 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,525 4,938 4,751 4.8 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,135 1,112 1,010 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.1 3.7

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,728 2,871 2,176 4,002 2,736 2,645 2,547 2,720 2,495

On temporary layoff.............................. 786 866 463 1,083 810 827 791 782 758

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,943 2,005 1,713 2,919 1,927 1,818 1,756 1,938 1,737

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,270 1,427 1,161 2,243 1,386 1,273 1,166 1,354 1,181

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 672 578 552 676 541 545 589 584 556

Job leavers........................................... 852 983 976 792 764 832 842 898 905

Reentrants............................................ 2,301 1,891 1,867 2,275 1,943 1,990 1,826 1,836 1,840

New entrants......................................... 486 511 441 491 535 464 460 440 447

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 50.6 45.9 39.9 52.9 45.8 44.6 44.9 46.2 43.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 10.7 13.8 8.5 14.3 13.5 13.9 13.9 13.3 13.3

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 39.9 32.0 31.4 38.6 32.2 30.7 30.9 32.9 30.5

Job leavers........................................... 11.6 15.7 17.9 10.5 12.8 14.0 14.8 15.2 15.9

Reentrants............................................ 31.2 30.2 34.2 30.1 32.5 33.6 32.2 31.2 32.4

New entrants......................................... 6.6 8.2 8.1 6.5 8.9 7.8 8.1 7.5 7.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.3 1.7 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,209 2,162 2,127 2,227 2,066 2,262 2,080 2,223 2,154

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,565 2,175 1,474 1,727 1,767 1,552 1,772 1,807 1,645

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,593 1,919 1,859 3,711 2,017 2,089 1,785 2,022 1,966

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 889 683 751 1,047 661 753 718 885 899

27 weeks and over............................... 2,704 1,236 1,109 2,664 1,356 1,336 1,067 1,137 1,067

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 29.2 22.1 20.7 28.3 22.5 22.3 22.1 22.3 20.2

Median duration, in weeks......................... 13.9 8.6 8.8 13.7 9.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 30.0 34.6 39.0 29.1 35.3 38.3 36.9 36.7 37.4

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 21.2 34.8 27.0 22.5 30.2 26.3 31.4 29.9 28.5

15 weeks and over.................................. 48.8 30.7 34.1 48.4 34.5 35.4 31.7 33.4 34.1

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 12.1 10.9 13.7 13.7 11.3 12.8 12.7 14.6 15.6

27 weeks and over............................... 36.7 19.8 20.3 34.8 23.2 22.6 18.9 18.8 18.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 154,026 159,003 7,366 5,460 4.6 3.3

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 65,163 69,056 1,580 1,291 2.4 1.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,952 29,780 669 537 2.3 1.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 37,211 39,276 911 754 2.4 1.9

Service occupations................................................ 25,674 25,738 1,758 1,178 6.4 4.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 29,593 29,602 1,525 1,154 4.9 3.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,225 13,878 782 553 5.2 3.8

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,368 15,725 743 601 4.6 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,295 14,518 700 477 4.7 3.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,024 934 71 42 6.5 4.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,332 8,628 427 343 4.9 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,939 4,956 202 92 3.9 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 19,301 20,088 1,298 904 6.3 4.3

Production occupations.......................................... 7,967 8,222 463 304 5.5 3.6

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,335 11,866 835 600 6.9 4.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,366 5,460 4.6 3.3

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,868 4,297 4.6 3.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 48 16 7.3 2.5

Construction.......................................................................... 444 346 4.5 3.4

Manufacturing........................................................................ 580 416 3.9 2.8

Durable goods..................................................................... 370 236 3.9 2.5

Nondurable goods................................................................ 210 181 3.8 3.3

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,102 768 5.7 4.0

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 447 337 5.4 4.0

Information............................................................................ 97 85 4.0 3.2

Financial activities................................................................... 246 136 2.5 1.3

Professional and business services............................................... 802 544 4.4 2.9

Education and health services..................................................... 805 659 3.3 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,019 802 7.7 5.9

Other services........................................................................ 278 189 4.2 2.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 77 46 5.0 3.2

Government workers................................................................... 497 388 2.4 1.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 438 288 4.1 2.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.2 1.2 1.1 2.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.3 1.7 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.6 3.8 3.3 4.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.8 4.0 3.6 5.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.6 4.6 4.3 5.8 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.1 7.0 6.4 8.5 7.1 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

Sept.

2021

Sept.

2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 100,373 99,893 40,933 41,278 59,441 58,615

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,710 5,650 2,479 2,627 3,232 3,024

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,732 1,619 887 817 844 802

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 409 462 246 286 163 176

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,323 1,157 642 531 682 626

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,032 7,739 3,530 3,753 3,502 3,986

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.8 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,904 4,307 2,148 2,300 1,757 2,007

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,690 1,925 636 664 1,054 1,261

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 352 420 222 251 130 169

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,055 1,042 510 518 545 525

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Change

from:

Aug.2022 -

Sept.2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,651 152,258 152,642 153,073 147,328 152,440 152,755 153,018 263

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,444 131,111 131,156 130,708 125,217 130,173 130,448 130,736 288

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,601 21,450 21,470 21,402 20,416 21,153 21,188 21,232 44

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 642 637 636 576 633 630 633 3

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 46.0 47.0 46.3 45.5 45.1 45.3 45.6 0.3

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532.7 595.6 590.0 590.0 530.2 587.4 585.1 587.7 2.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.3 143.5 133.9 133.6 119.9 140.5 133.4 133.8 0.4

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.7 183.8 183.2 181.9 175.7 179.9 179.6 179.6 0.0

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 38.1 37.8 37.8 36.5 38.2 38.0 38.0 0.0

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 44.0 43.9 43.6 41.5 43.3 43.6 43.9 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.3 101.7 101.5 100.5 97.7 98.3 98.0 97.7 -0.3

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.7 268.3 272.9 274.5 234.6 267.0 272.1 274.3 2.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,595 7,909 7,910 7,877 7,427 7,689 7,700 7,719 19

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,678.3 1,749.9 1,746.4 1,733.6 1,652.7 1,709.7 1,710.4 1,712.7 2.3

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876.4 921.9 918.9 906.9 867.8 900.5 900.9 900.8 -0.1

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801.9 828.0 827.5 826.7 784.9 809.2 809.5 811.9 2.4

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,089.4 1,126.6 1,126.4 1,126.0 1,035.4 1,077.8 1,075.7 1,075.2 -0.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,827.7 5,032.8 5,037.6 5,017.0 4,739.3 4,901.8 4,913.8 4,931.5 17.7

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,226.2 2,316.9 2,316.5 2,303.8 2,196.9 2,262.9 2,267.9 2,274.4 6.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,601.5 2,715.9 2,721.1 2,713.2 2,542.4 2,638.9 2,645.9 2,657.1 11.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,427 12,899 12,923 12,889 12,413 12,831 12,858 12,880 22

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,721 7,993 8,018 8,002 7,725 7,967 7,992 8,008 16

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.2 433.6 432.8 432.5 414.1 433.0 432.4 434.6 2.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408.4 419.7 422.7 419.6 402.6 412.5 415.9 414.4 -1.5

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351.0 362.6 363.4 360.8 352.9 362.7 363.3 362.9 -0.4

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,391.6 1,449.4 1,445.0 1,448.0 1,392.3 1,440.5 1,443.3 1,449.6 6.3

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,061.4 1,105.4 1,102.0 1,095.6 1,063.1 1,096.5 1,098.7 1,097.0 -1.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,060.1 1,093.8 1,096.3 1,089.5 1,062.8 1,087.5 1,091.1 1,091.5 0.4

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 158.9 163.9 164.8 164.6 158.8 163.1 163.9 164.3 0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.0 85.8 83.9 83.2 85.4 85.0 84.0 83.7 -0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.2 389.5 390.4 387.2 370.7 385.9 388.4 388.3 -0.1

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.7 422.4 424.6 422.3 417.7 421.6 423.0 423.2 0.2

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 32.2 32.6 32.2 30.2 31.9 31.9 32.0 0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 395.8 412.4 411.2 412.9 397.1 409.6 411.3 414.3 3.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,649.6 1,687.4 1,718.1 1,724.2 1,648.4 1,702.1 1,712.6 1,721.0 8.4

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966.8 983.8 1,011.0 1,016.8 964.2 999.0 1,003.0 1,011.3 8.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.1 384.6 382.3 379.4 379.0 382.8 382.0 381.7 -0.3

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.1 644.1 644.6 639.1 612.7 640.0 641.2 640.7 -0.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,706 4,906 4,905 4,887 4,688 4,864 4,866 4,872 6

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,649.9 1,720.9 1,724.9 1,720.8 1,638.1 1,704.0 1,703.0 1,710.8 7.8

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.1 100.4 100.1 99.1 99.0 100.1 99.7 99.2 -0.5

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.5 105.0 103.5 103.0 103.3 105.0 104.2 103.5 -0.7

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.2 95.8 95.2 94.4 91.3 95.3 94.8 94.3 -0.5

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.6 359.4 358.2 358.0 347.5 359.4 358.9 359.0 0.1

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 369.7 378.8 378.4 373.3 368.8 377.0 377.7 373.7 -4.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.2 110.5 111.4 111.1 105.4 108.1 108.8 109.1 0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867.1 909.2 909.5 907.5 870.5 903.5 907.4 910.8 3.4

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725.1 755.0 754.9 750.5 728.2 753.1 753.2 751.8 -1.4

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.8 370.9 369.3 369.0 336.0 358.4 358.3 359.6 1.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,843 109,661 109,686 109,306 104,801 109,020 109,260 109,504 244

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,730 28,644 28,647 28,595 27,907 28,754 28,819 28,822 3

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,701.9 5,916.2 5,916.0 5,907.4 5,703.9 5,881.8 5,897.9 5,909.2 11.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,134.1 3,257.9 3,259.5 3,254.5 3,136.1 3,240.4 3,250.2 3,257.2 7.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,086.4 2,155.1 2,153.6 2,148.9 2,084.5 2,139.6 2,145.6 2,147.9 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Change

from:

Aug.2022 -

Sept.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.4 503.2 502.9 504.0 483.3 501.8 502.1 504.1 2.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,353.5 15,793.3 15,777.6 15,667.4 15,493.6 15,800.2 15,842.8 15,841.7 -1.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,952.4 1,983.1 1,988.5 1,978.6 1,947.5 1,970.1 1,974.1 1,973.6 -0.5

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,228.0 1,236.5 1,240.7 1,234.1 1,226.0 1,233.1 1,234.9 1,233.1 -1.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 180.5 177.6 174.6 171.0 171.3 170.8 172.7 1.9

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 552.2 566.1 570.2 569.9 550.5 565.7 568.4 567.8 -0.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 438.3 430.5 425.9 422.9 444.9 435.5 433.1 431.3 -1.8

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 419.5 421.8 422.3 419.5 423.3 432.8 431.4 429.3 -2.1

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,388.4 1,432.2 1,405.8 1,379.8 1,392.2 1,391.4 1,396.3 1,390.2 -6.1

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,085.3 3,203.3 3,209.8 3,180.7 3,115.9 3,188.8 3,202.6 3,205.3 2.7

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,027.1 1,048.0 1,059.2 1,063.9 1,037.4 1,059.6 1,069.3 1,072.9 3.6

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949.3 984.8 989.7 981.2 941.5 971.7 973.5 974.3 0.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,041.6 1,082.1 1,087.8 1,069.9 1,059.9 1,081.2 1,085.1 1,085.3 0.2

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532.3 533.1 529.7 520.9 541.8 535.7 531.8 529.5 -2.3

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056.8 3,154.4 3,146.7 3,145.6 3,117.3 3,225.2 3,234.1 3,233.8 -0.3

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.3 938.2 938.5 938.3 948.9 969.3 972.6 973.2 0.6

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,141.5 2,216.2 2,208.2 2,207.3 2,168.4 2,255.9 2,261.6 2,260.6 -1.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815.9 877.4 868.7 858.4 824.1 859.8 862.0 866.9 4.9

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646.6 642.6 643.5 646.0 647.8 648.4 649.5 649.3 -0.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,136.7 6,388.8 6,410.1 6,479.5 6,169.7 6,531.2 6,536.6 6,528.7 -7.9

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.5 568.0 567.8 567.4 496.0 562.5 564.3 567.1 2.8

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.8 146.3 146.8 146.8 145.8 146.6 146.7 146.8 0.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 66.0 63.0 62.2 55.7 62.1 61.2 61.2 0.0

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,536.0 1,608.7 1,612.5 1,591.3 1,526.8 1,592.4 1,592.2 1,580.8 -11.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390.4 355.8 354.4 424.6 373.8 414.6 413.5 409.9 -3.6

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.1 49.9 49.7 48.4 50.2 49.6 49.5 48.6 -0.9

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 28.1 36.1 35.3 34.1 25.0 29.3 29.5 30.9 1.4

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 731.1 775.4 786.2 788.7 731.9 778.6 785.1 790.0 4.9

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,034.7 1,032.3 1,045.2 1,055.3 1,080.6 1,108.4 1,112.6 1,111.2 -1.4

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,667.0 1,750.3 1,749.2 1,760.7 1,683.9 1,787.1 1,782.0 1,782.2 0.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537.5 545.5 543.3 540.5 539.7 541.1 541.7 541.9 0.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,872 3,055 3,049 3,044 2,874 3,025 3,030 3,043 13

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 790.1 843.1 845.8 846.0 792.4 837.1 842.6 848.2 5.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.4 453.5 451.0 446.6 401.8 439.8 439.2 444.4 5.2

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.2 232.5 234.2 234.6 234.5 235.0 235.1 234.1 -1.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658.5 670.1 665.2 664.4 660.2 667.6 665.6 663.9 -1.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.1 424.6 420.9 423.4 401.0 421.6 422.2 424.1 1.9

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.5 431.0 431.9 428.9 383.7 423.9 425.6 427.9 2.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,800 9,026 9,020 8,956 8,794 8,958 8,965 8,957 -8

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,506.6 6,628.3 6,622.7 6,576.6 6,517.0 6,601.3 6,603.3 6,590.3 -13.0

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.9 21.4 21.1 21.0 20.9 21.1 21.0 21.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,701.9 2,712.0 2,708.0 2,687.8 2,708.8 2,703.4 2,699.3 2,695.5 -3.8

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,728.6 1,747.3 1,747.9 1,740.2 1,735.0 1,738.1 1,741.3 1,745.8 4.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,344.9 1,348.6 1,347.7 1,339.8 1,350.6 1,340.7 1,341.9 1,344.1 2.2

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 640.5 632.3 627.2 618.0 639.7 632.1 625.3 618.2 -7.1

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 332.8 332.4 332.9 329.6 334.0 333.2 332.7 331.5 -1.2

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 989.4 1,052.8 1,050.0 1,037.1 991.0 1,038.9 1,039.5 1,039.6 0.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,794.4 2,842.1 2,843.6 2,830.7 2,796.3 2,837.9 2,843.5 2,834.2 -9.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,293.3 2,397.5 2,397.2 2,379.5 2,277.2 2,356.4 2,361.8 2,366.8 5.0

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,767.2 1,824.4 1,822.4 1,816.2 1,761.5 1,803.2 1,805.0 1,812.2 7.2

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.8 552.2 554.0 542.7 495.2 532.6 536.3 534.0 -2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Change

from:

Aug.2022 -

Sept.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 20.3 20.9 20.8 20.6 20.5 20.6 20.5 20.6 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,460 22,418 22,475 22,452 21,383 22,373 22,427 22,473 46

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,933.9 10,526.1 10,526.7 10,447.2 10,012.5 10,490.8 10,522.6 10,533.3 10.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,156.4 1,199.5 1,178.8 1,167.2 1,162.0 1,188.0 1,179.9 1,174.9 -5.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,005.9 1,074.9 1,066.6 1,068.0 1,068.2 1,113.0 1,115.7 1,123.0 7.3

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,569.2 1,668.3 1,670.9 1,651.3 1,564.7 1,642.5 1,649.9 1,649.1 -0.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.7 154.3 153.3 152.6 144.3 154.1 153.1 153.5 0.4

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,321.0 2,440.6 2,452.4 2,427.5 2,329.7 2,430.1 2,439.0 2,440.9 1.9

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,654.4 1,763.8 1,776.1 1,771.5 1,656.5 1,762.1 1,773.9 1,779.2 5.3

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832.8 904.6 898.3 890.2 837.3 889.7 889.8 894.4 4.6

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 450.9 489.4 492.1 483.4 451.6 486.5 490.1 485.4 -4.7

Other professional and technical services. . . 799.6 830.7 838.2 835.5 798.1 825.0 831.1 832.8 1.7

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,335.1 2,410.4 2,397.4 2,388.5 2,337.2 2,394.0 2,387.9 2,391.6 3.7

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,190.9 9,481.3 9,550.7 9,615.9 9,033.7 9,487.8 9,516.4 9,548.0 31.6

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,730.1 8,999.3 9,066.2 9,134.2 8,573.7 9,011.1 9,037.4 9,068.5 31.1

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.2 605.3 605.8 606.5 556.7 600.3 602.3 606.1 3.8

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.6 156.2 157.1 158.0 155.2 156.0 156.1 157.3 1.2

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,626.4 3,748.2 3,811.1 3,905.6 3,537.0 3,872.0 3,888.4 3,909.5 21.1

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,949.7 3,032.6 3,086.4 3,172.8 2,872.0 3,155.7 3,168.9 3,196.1 27.2

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.4 764.6 766.9 760.5 804.4 781.2 777.1 765.6 -11.5

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.0 156.9 156.1 155.8 144.1 153.6 153.0 154.1 1.1

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 908.3 926.6 934.1 944.8 908.4 928.4 933.1 942.5 9.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,223.1 2,315.4 2,306.0 2,274.7 2,160.4 2,195.8 2,202.3 2,210.2 7.9

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.1 326.1 329.1 328.3 307.6 323.8 325.0 323.4 -1.6

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460.8 482.0 484.5 481.7 460.0 476.7 479.0 479.5 0.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,706 24,191 24,289 24,598 23,737 24,480 24,555 24,645 90

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,618.3 3,548.3 3,580.5 3,834.4 3,620.9 3,830.3 3,845.9 3,860.2 14.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,087.2 20,642.9 20,708.9 20,763.8 20,115.7 20,649.3 20,709.5 20,784.9 75.4

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,015.6 16,422.7 16,468.6 16,518.3 16,025.8 16,407.9 16,455.5 16,515.6 60.1

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,916.2 8,194.7 8,211.7 8,229.7 7,931.8 8,196.5 8,215.8 8,243.9 28.1

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,751.0 2,836.5 2,841.5 2,853.5 2,756.0 2,835.2 2,845.3 2,855.5 10.2

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002.7 1,045.8 1,046.0 1,037.6 1,004.6 1,041.4 1,040.8 1,042.0 1.2

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,025.9 1,091.1 1,095.2 1,094.1 1,028.6 1,092.0 1,093.5 1,098.1 4.6

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002.6 1,028.0 1,029.9 1,031.2 1,004.3 1,027.3 1,030.8 1,032.2 1.4

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 307.3 312.8 313.6 312.2 309.9 314.4 315.3 315.0 -0.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,513.0 1,563.5 1,567.4 1,581.7 1,515.6 1,569.0 1,571.7 1,582.3 10.6

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.7 317.0 318.1 319.4 312.8 317.2 318.6 318.8 0.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,124.5 5,198.1 5,216.7 5,247.7 5,121.5 5,195.8 5,212.9 5,240.4 27.5

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 2,974.9 3,029.9 3,040.2 3,040.9 2,972.5 3,015.6 3,026.8 3,031.3 4.5

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,349.2 1,363.6 1,364.4 1,367.1 1,346.7 1,358.2 1,359.6 1,361.0 1.4

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 598.6 610.7 614.6 615.4 599.4 608.3 613.0 615.0 2.0

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873.2 898.4 902.6 900.8 871.9 893.1 896.5 897.5 1.0

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 153.9 157.2 158.6 157.6 154.4 156.0 157.6 157.8 0.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,071.6 4,220.2 4,240.3 4,245.5 4,089.9 4,241.4 4,254.0 4,269.3 15.3

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,704.8 2,818.5 2,823.3 2,822.9 2,728.9 2,811.1 2,821.3 2,840.4 19.1

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 192.3 201.2 202.6 199.7 193.3 201.7 204.2 201.8 -2.4

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 272.9 276.8 277.6 274.8 273.7 272.1 274.7 275.3 0.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901.6 923.7 936.8 948.1 894.0 956.4 953.8 951.8 -2.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,758 16,541 16,443 15,950 14,587 15,731 15,762 15,845 83

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,153.8 2,635.0 2,562.2 2,360.1 2,090.8 2,300.5 2,300.8 2,317.1 16.3

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 447.9 522.3 510.2 515.3 416.5 498.5 490.4 492.9 2.5

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.6 175.5 171.1 163.1 142.8 159.2 160.9 162.0 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Change

from:

Aug.2022 -

Sept.2022p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,561.3 1,937.2 1,880.9 1,681.7 1,531.5 1,642.8 1,649.5 1,662.2 12.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,604.1 13,905.6 13,880.8 13,589.4 12,496.5 13,430.3 13,460.9 13,527.6 66.7

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595.5 1,884.5 1,855.3 1,760.3 1,541.3 1,715.3 1,720.2 1,726.9 6.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,008.6 12,021.1 12,025.5 11,829.1 10,955.2 11,715.0 11,740.7 11,800.7 60.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,517 5,786 5,763 5,711 5,519 5,699 5,702 5,719 17

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367.5 1,436.7 1,437.7 1,435.1 1,366.7 1,425.4 1,427.8 1,435.4 7.6

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,388.8 1,479.6 1,472.8 1,468.4 1,390.0 1,463.4 1,462.0 1,470.0 8.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,760.6 2,869.4 2,852.9 2,807.3 2,762.2 2,809.8 2,812.0 2,813.5 1.5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,207 21,147 21,486 22,365 22,111 22,267 22,307 22,282 -25

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895 2,878 2,867 2,873 2,885 2,864 2,862 2,864 2

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,291.1 2,274.0 2,274.4 2,278.3 2,280.9 2,260.8 2,262.3 2,264.9 2.6

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.7 604.3 592.8 594.8 603.9 603.0 599.6 598.7 -0.9

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,297 4,930 4,989 5,300 5,224 5,246 5,247 5,231 -16

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,634.2 2,275.1 2,333.4 2,662.8 2,562.5 2,607.0 2,605.1 2,598.0 -7.1

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,662.7 2,654.6 2,655.8 2,637.5 2,661.9 2,639.2 2,641.6 2,633.0 -8.6

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,015 13,339 13,630 14,192 14,002 14,157 14,198 14,187 -11

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,662.0 6,713.4 7,029.6 7,764.2 7,635.5 7,756.6 7,777.1 7,755.4 -21.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,353.2 6,625.5 6,599.9 6,428.0 6,366.2 6,400.1 6,420.8 6,431.9 11.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.8 34.5 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.2 39.9 39.9 39.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.4 46.2 46.2 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 38.7 38.7 38.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.4 40.4 40.3 40.3

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.5 40.8 40.7 40.6

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 39.7 39.7 39.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.7 33.5 33.4 33.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.2 34.0 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.3 39.1 38.9 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.3 30.1 30.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 38.5 38.4 38.5

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.2 41.6 41.8

Information......................................................................... 36.7 36.7 36.5 36.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.4 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.7 36.6 36.6 36.8

Education and health services.................................................. 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.2 25.6 25.6 25.6

Other services..................................................................... 32.3 32.3 32.2 32.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Total private............................................... $30.92 $32.27 $32.36 $32.46 $1,076.02 $1,113.32 $1,116.42 $1,119.87

Goods-producing....................................... 31.33 32.51 32.58 32.70 1,259.47 1,297.15 1,299.94 1,304.73

Mining and logging.................................. 35.25 36.68 36.57 36.59 1,600.35 1,694.62 1,689.53 1,690.46

Construction.......................................... 33.22 34.78 34.88 35.04 1,312.19 1,345.99 1,349.86 1,356.05

Manufacturing........................................ 30.02 30.98 31.03 31.13 1,212.81 1,251.59 1,250.51 1,254.54

Durable goods.................................... 31.52 32.52 32.61 32.70 1,276.56 1,326.82 1,327.23 1,327.62

Nondurable goods................................ 27.52 28.37 28.38 28.48 1,106.30 1,126.29 1,126.69 1,130.66

Private service-providing.............................. 30.83 32.21 32.30 32.41 1,038.97 1,079.04 1,078.82 1,085.74

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 26.57 27.72 27.78 27.89 914.01 948.02 944.52 948.26

Wholesale trade.................................. 33.98 35.16 35.27 35.42 1,335.41 1,374.76 1,372.00 1,377.84

Retail trade........................................ 22.14 23.02 23.02 23.04 679.70 697.51 692.90 693.50

Transportation and warehousing............... 26.66 28.06 28.22 28.41 1,029.08 1,080.31 1,083.65 1,093.79

Utilities............................................. 45.26 47.45 47.23 47.86 1,914.50 2,002.39 1,964.77 2,000.55

Information........................................... 44.30 46.38 47.20 47.51 1,625.81 1,702.15 1,722.80 1,738.87

Financial activities................................... 40.30 41.68 41.83 42.24 1,515.28 1,558.83 1,564.44 1,579.78

Professional and business services.............. 37.01 38.85 38.89 38.93 1,358.27 1,421.91 1,423.37 1,432.62

Education and health services..................... 30.55 31.91 31.97 31.96 1,017.32 1,065.79 1,067.80 1,067.46

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 18.82 20.18 20.25 20.30 493.08 516.61 518.40 519.68

Other services....................................... 28.03 28.58 28.63 28.79 905.37 923.13 921.89 932.80

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2022 -

Sept.

2022p

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2022 -

Sept.

2022p

Total private..................................... 109.4 112.7 113.0 113.2 0.2 161.7 173.9 174.8 175.7 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 93.5 96.2 96.3 96.5 0.2 132.4 141.3 141.8 142.6 0.6

Mining and logging........................ 82.2 91.9 91.5 91.9 0.4 116.3 135.3 134.3 135.0 0.5

Construction................................ 101.1 102.6 102.7 103.0 0.3 146.0 155.0 155.7 156.8 0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 90.2 93.3 93.2 93.4 0.2 126.0 134.4 134.5 135.2 0.5

Durable goods........................... 88.1 91.5 91.6 91.5 -0.1 123.3 132.2 132.6 132.9 0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 94.1 96.4 96.4 96.5 0.1 131.4 138.7 138.9 139.5 0.4

Private service-providing.................... 113.7 117.6 117.5 118.1 0.5 170.4 184.1 184.5 186.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 104.7 107.3 106.9 106.9 0.0 150.1 160.4 160.2 160.8 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 98.9 101.4 101.2 101.4 0.2 140.5 149.2 149.3 150.2 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 96.6 97.2 96.8 96.8 0.0 141.3 147.9 147.3 147.4 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 136.8 144.5 144.2 144.4 0.1 185.6 206.2 207.1 208.7 0.8

Utilities.................................... 98.8 98.8 97.5 98.0 0.5 147.7 154.9 152.1 155.0 1.9

Information................................. 96.3 101.4 101.0 101.7 0.7 151.9 167.4 169.7 172.1 1.4

Financial activities......................... 108.3 109.8 109.9 109.8 -0.1 170.3 178.5 179.2 180.8 0.9

Professional and business services..... 123.0 128.4 128.7 129.7 0.8 184.4 202.0 202.7 204.4 0.8

Education and health services........... 129.1 133.5 133.9 134.4 0.4 189.7 205.0 206.0 206.7 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 109.0 114.9 115.1 115.7 0.5 165.6 187.1 188.1 189.6 0.8

Other services............................. 102.8 106.1 105.9 106.8 0.8 157.9 166.2 166.1 168.6 1.5

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Total nonfarm............................................. 73,465 76,005 76,146 76,301 49.9 49.9 49.8 49.9

Total private............................................ 60,694 63,057 63,182 63,337 48.5 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,656 4,883 4,890 4,908 22.8 23.1 23.1 23.1

Mining and logging............................... 73 83 83 85 12.7 13.1 13.2 13.4

Construction....................................... 1,026 1,080 1,080 1,084 13.8 14.0 14.0 14.0

Manufacturing..................................... 3,557 3,720 3,727 3,739 28.7 29.0 29.0 29.0

Durable goods.................................. 1,888 1,980 1,989 2,000 24.4 24.9 24.9 25.0

Nondurable goods............................. 1,669 1,740 1,738 1,739 35.6 35.8 35.7 35.7

Private service-providing........................... 56,038 58,174 58,292 58,429 53.5 53.4 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,032 11,441 11,463 11,463 39.5 39.8 39.8 39.8

Wholesale trade................................ 1,720.2 1,800.4 1,800.9 1,801.1 30.2 30.6 30.5 30.5

Retail trade..................................... 7,560.0 7,736.0 7,746.1 7,753.4 48.8 49.0 48.9 48.9

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,615.6 1,767.3 1,778.2 1,770.8 26.2 27.1 27.2 27.1

Utilities........................................... 135.8 137.5 138.1 138.1 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5

Information......................................... 1,132 1,210 1,217 1,231 39.4 40.0 40.2 40.5

Financial activities................................ 4,940 4,997 4,996 4,991 56.2 55.8 55.7 55.7

Professional and business services............ 9,929 10,298 10,306 10,302 46.4 46.0 46.0 45.8

Education and health services.................. 18,355 18,876 18,932 19,017 77.3 77.1 77.1 77.2

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,729 8,321 8,344 8,389 53.0 52.9 52.9 52.9

Other services..................................... 2,921 3,031 3,034 3,036 52.9 53.2 53.2 53.1

Government............................................. 12,771 12,948 12,964 12,964 57.8 58.1 58.1 58.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Total private............................................................................... 102,152 106,064 106,288 106,507

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,551 15,163 15,192 15,222

Mining and logging.................................................................. 428 472 471 468

Construction.......................................................................... 5,482 5,686 5,695 5,708

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,641 9,005 9,026 9,046

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,301 5,509 5,533 5,545

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,340 3,496 3,493 3,501

Private service-providing.............................................................. 87,601 90,901 91,096 91,285

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,579 24,261 24,311 24,314

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,535.1 4,675.4 4,683.7 4,688.9

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,237.8 13,470.7 13,494.3 13,492.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,376.7 5,680.6 5,699.3 5,699.1

Utilities.............................................................................. 429.5 434.7 434.0 433.5

Information............................................................................ 2,285 2,414 2,416 2,421

Financial activities................................................................... 6,628 6,746 6,747 6,749

Professional and business services............................................... 17,349 17,886 17,931 17,969

Education and health services..................................................... 20,725 21,299 21,341 21,402

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,538 13,653 13,703 13,766

Other services........................................................................ 4,497 4,642 4,647 4,664

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.3 34.0 33.9 34.0

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 40.7 40.6 40.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.2 48.1 47.3 47.8

Construction....................................................................... 40.4 39.5 39.5 39.5

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.4 41.1 41.0 41.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.3 41.5 41.3 41.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 40.5 40.4 40.5

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.1 32.9 32.8 32.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.3 34.0 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.1 39.2 38.9 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.3 30.2 30.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 37.8 37.8 37.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 42.4 42.4 42.0

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.2 36.1 36.1

Financial activities................................................................ 37.3 37.4 37.3 37.3

Professional and business services............................................ 36.4 36.4 36.4 36.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.5 24.5 24.6

Other services..................................................................... 31.4 31.2 31.2 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Total private............................................... $26.26 $27.57 $27.67 $27.77 $900.72 $937.38 $938.01 $944.18

Goods-producing....................................... 26.81 28.02 28.14 28.27 1,104.57 1,140.41 1,142.48 1,150.59

Mining and logging.................................. 31.37 33.06 33.14 33.02 1,480.66 1,590.19 1,567.52 1,578.36

Construction.......................................... 30.76 32.41 32.62 32.83 1,242.70 1,280.20 1,288.49 1,296.79

Manufacturing........................................ 24.10 25.05 25.11 25.22 997.74 1,029.56 1,029.51 1,036.54

Durable goods.................................... 25.11 26.17 26.26 26.36 1,037.04 1,086.06 1,084.54 1,091.30

Nondurable goods................................ 22.51 23.24 23.27 23.37 931.91 941.22 940.11 946.49

Private service-providing.............................. 26.14 27.48 27.57 27.66 865.23 904.09 904.30 910.01

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.71 23.98 24.08 24.17 778.95 815.32 816.31 821.78

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.08 29.31 29.37 29.54 1,097.93 1,148.95 1,142.49 1,149.11

Retail trade........................................ 18.70 19.59 19.63 19.66 574.09 593.58 592.83 597.66

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.44 26.19 26.47 26.69 938.50 989.98 1,000.57 1,008.88

Utilities............................................. 40.18 42.27 42.15 42.25 1,703.63 1,792.25 1,787.16 1,774.50

Information........................................... 36.65 37.79 38.26 38.77 1,337.73 1,368.00 1,381.19 1,399.60

Financial activities................................... 30.54 32.46 32.52 32.84 1,139.14 1,214.00 1,213.00 1,224.93

Professional and business services.............. 31.01 32.62 32.66 32.73 1,128.76 1,187.37 1,188.82 1,194.65

Education and health services..................... 27.67 28.97 29.07 29.08 902.04 944.42 947.68 948.01

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.65 17.82 17.92 17.97 416.25 436.59 439.04 442.06

Other services....................................... 23.91 24.64 24.58 24.75 750.77 768.77 766.90 774.68

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2022 -

Sept.

2022p

Sept.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022p

Sept.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2022 -

Sept.

2022p

Total private..................................... 116.8 120.2 120.1 120.7 0.5 204.9 221.4 222.1 224.0 0.9

Goods-producing............................. 91.6 94.3 94.3 94.7 0.4 150.4 161.8 162.4 163.9 0.9

Mining and logging........................ 107.4 120.6 118.4 118.9 0.4 195.9 232.0 228.2 228.3 0.0

Construction................................ 110.9 112.5 112.6 112.9 0.3 184.2 196.8 198.4 200.1 0.9

Manufacturing.............................. 82.1 85.0 85.0 85.3 0.4 129.4 139.2 139.5 140.8 0.9

Durable goods........................... 82.2 85.9 85.8 86.2 0.5 128.9 140.3 140.7 141.9 0.9

Nondurable goods...................... 81.5 83.4 83.1 83.5 0.5 129.6 137.0 136.7 138.0 1.0

Private service-providing.................... 123.5 127.4 127.3 128.0 0.5 221.5 240.2 240.7 242.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 113.1 115.4 115.3 115.6 0.3 183.6 197.7 198.3 199.7 0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 105.2 108.8 108.1 108.3 0.2 174.4 188.2 187.4 188.7 0.7

Retail trade.............................. 102.8 103.3 103.1 103.8 0.7 164.8 173.4 173.5 174.9 0.8

Transportation and warehousing...... 156.3 162.5 163.0 163.0 0.0 243.1 270.9 274.7 277.0 0.8

Utilities.................................... 93.1 94.3 94.1 93.1 -1.1 156.2 166.3 165.6 164.2 -0.8

Information................................. 95.2 99.7 99.5 99.8 0.3 172.7 186.6 188.5 191.5 1.6

Financial activities......................... 116.4 118.7 118.4 118.5 0.1 218.6 237.1 237.0 239.4 1.0

Professional and business services..... 141.2 145.6 145.9 146.6 0.5 260.4 282.4 283.4 285.4 0.7

Education and health services........... 144.1 148.0 148.3 148.8 0.3 263.1 283.1 284.6 285.5 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 114.8 122.5 123.0 124.0 0.8 217.1 248.0 250.3 253.1 1.1

Other services............................. 99.0 101.6 101.7 102.4 0.7 172.5 182.4 182.1 184.6 1.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.