Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-18-0154 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 2, 2018

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JANUARY 2018 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 200,000 in January, and the unemployment rate was 

unchanged at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to 

trend up in construction, food services and drinking places, health care, and manufacturing. 

Changes to The Employment Situation Data 

Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking process 

and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey data for January 2018 

reflect updated population estimates. See the notes beginning on page 5 for more information 

about these changes. 

 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, January 2016 – January 2018

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2016 – January 2018

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18
-2- 

Household Survey Data 

In January, the unemployment rate was 4.1 percent for the fourth consecutive month. The number of 

unemployed persons, at 6.7 million, changed little over the month. (See table A-1. For information 

about annual population adjustments to the household survey estimates, see the note on page 7 and 

tables B and C.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Blacks increased to 7.7 percent in 

January, and the rate for Whites edged down to 3.5 percent. The jobless rates for adult men (3.9 

percent), adult women (3.6 percent), teenagers (13.9 percent), Asians (3.0 percent), and Hispanics (5.0 

percent) showed little change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.4 

million in January and accounted for 21.5 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force and total employment, as measured by the household survey, changed little in 

January (after accounting for the annual adjustments to the population controls). The labor force 

participation rate was 62.7 percent for the fourth consecutive month and the employment-population 

ratio was 60.1 percent for the third month in a row. (See table A-1. For additional information about the 

effects of the population adjustments, see table C.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 5.0 million in January. These individuals, 

who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been 

cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) 

In January, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year 

earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 451,000 discouraged workers in January, little changed 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in January had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 200,000 in January. Employment continued to trend up in 

construction, food services and drinking places, health care, and manufacturing. (See table B-1. For 

information about the annual benchmark process, see the note on page 5 and table A.) 

Construction added 36,000 jobs in January, with most of the increase occurring among specialty trade 

contractors (+26,000). Employment in residential building construction continued to trend up over the 

month (+5,000). Over the year, construction employment has increased by 226,000. 
-3- 

Employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up in January (+31,000). The 

industry has added 255,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 

Employment in health care continued to trend up in January (+21,000), with a gain of 13,000 in 

hospitals. In 2017, health care added an average of 24,000 jobs per month. 

In January, employment in manufacturing remained on an upward trend (+15,000). Durable goods 

industries added 18,000 jobs. Manufacturing has added 186,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade, retail trade, transportation 

and warehousing, information, financial activities, professional and business services, and 

government, changed little over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.2 hour to 34.3 

hours in January. In manufacturing, the workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, while overtime 

remained at 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 9 cents to 

$26.74, following an 11-cent gain in December. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 75 

cents, or 2.9 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees increased by 3 cents to $22.34 in January. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised down from +252,000 to 

+216,000, and the change for December was revised up from +148,000 to +160,000. With these 

revisions, employment gains in November and December combined were 24,000 less than previously 

reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government 

agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual 

benchmark process also contributed to the November and December revisions.) After revisions, job 

gains have averaged 192,000 over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 9, 2018, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 

 
-4- 

Partial Federal Government Shutdown 

Due to a lapse in funding, some agencies of the federal government were shut down or were 

operating at reduced staffing levels from January 20, 2018, through January 22, 2018. 

All household data collection was suspended during the shutdown. Household survey data 

collection resumed on January 23, 2018, and was conducted through January 26, 2018, to allow 

for the usual number of collection days. The response rate for the household survey in January 

2018 was slightly below the average rate for 2017. 

In the establishment survey, collection of data by interviewers was suspended on January 22, 

2018, and resumed on January 23, 2018. Electronic data collection was not interrupted. 

Collection rates for the establishment survey for this collection period were within the normal 

range. 

Overall, there were no discernible effects on the national unemployment rate and other major 

household survey measures, or on the estimates of total nonfarm payroll employment, for the 

month of January. 

 
-5- 

Revisions to Establishment Survey Data 

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have been 

benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2017. These counts are derived 

principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which counts jobs covered 

by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. 

In addition, the data were updated to the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

from the 2012 NAICS. This update resulted in minor changes to several detailed industries. The normal 

benchmark process revises not seasonally adjusted data from April 2016 forward and seasonally 

adjusted data from January 2013 forward. However, some data were also revised further back in their 

history than normal due to the implementation of 2017 NAICS and other minor technical changes 

related to rounding and re-aggregation of some series. 

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2017 was revised upward by 146,000 (+138,000 on a not 

seasonally adjusted basis, or +0.1 percent). On a not seasonally adjusted basis, the average absolute 

benchmark revision over the past 10 years is 0.2 percent. 

The effect of these revisions on the underlying trend in nonfarm payroll employment was minor. For 

example, the over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for 2017 was revised from +2,055,000 

to +2,173,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a 

seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2017. 

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/ces/data.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark and post-benchmark 

revisions and other technical issues is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 
-6- 

 

Table A. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, January-December 2017, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

As 

previously 

published

As revised Difference

As 

previously 

published

As revised Difference

2017

January......................... 145,541 145,696 155 216 259 43

February........................ 145,773 145,896 123 232 200 -32

March............................ 145,823 145,969 146 50 73 23

April............................ 146,030 146,144 114 207 175 -32

May.............................. 146,175 146,299 124 145 155 10

June................................ 146,385 146,538 153 210 239 29

July................................ 146,523 146,728 205 138 190 52

August........................... 146,731 146,949 218 208 221 13

September..................... 146,769 146,963 194 38 14 -24

October.......................... 146,980 147,234 254 211 271 60

November...................... 147,232 147,450 218 252 216 -36

December (p).................. 147,380 147,610 230 148 160 12

(p) = preliminary.

Year and month

Level Over-the-month change
-7- 

Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey 

Effective with data for January 2018, updated population estimates were incorporated into the household 

survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each 

year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new information and assumptions about the 

growth of the population since the previous decennial census. The change in population reflected in the 

new estimates results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics, and 

estimation methodology improvements. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates for 

December 2017 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustments, however, 

differences in selected December 2017 labor force series based on the old and new population estimates 

are shown in table B. 

The adjustments increased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population in December by 

488,000, the civilian labor force by 333,000, employment by 318,000, and unemployment by 15,000. 

The number of persons not in the labor force was increased by 154,000. The total unemployment rate, 

employment-population ratio, and labor force participation rate were unaffected. 

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability of 

household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population 

estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 2017 and January 

2018. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on national labor force 

estimates is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf. 

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2017 estimates by sex, race, and 

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Total Men Women White

Black or 

African 

American

Asian

Hispanic or 

Latino 

ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population...... 488 296 192 194 104 171 328

 Civilian labor force......................... 333 228 106 141 70 111 242

 Participation rate....................... 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

 Employed.................................... 318 219 100 132 66 109 230

 Employment-population ratio..... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

 Unemployed................................ 15 9 5 8 3 2 12

 Unemployment rate................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Not in labor force.......................... 154 67 86 54 35 60 86

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or

African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
-8- 

Table C. December 2017-January 2018 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for

 population control effects

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Dec.-Jan. change, as 

published

2018 population 

control effect

Dec.-Jan. change, after 

removing the population 

control effect 1

Civilian noninstitutional population........ 671 488 183

 Civilian labor force........................... 518 333 185

 Participation rate......................... 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Employed...................................... 409 318 91

 Employment-population ratio........ 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Unemployed.................................. 108 15 93

 Unemployment rate..................... 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Not in labor force............................. 153 154 -1

1 This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month 

change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Change from:

Dec. 2017-

Jan. 2018

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 254,082 255,949 256,109 256,780 –

Civilian labor force........................................................... 159,718 160,533 160,597 161,115 –

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.9 62.7 62.7 62.7 –

Employed................................................................... 152,076 153,917 154,021 154,430 –

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.9 60.1 60.1 60.1 –

Unemployed............................................................... 7,642 6,616 6,576 6,684 –

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 –

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,364 95,416 95,512 95,665 –

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 –

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.4 3.7 3.8 3.9 –

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.4 3.6 3.7 3.6 –

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 15.0 15.9 13.6 13.9 –

White.......................................................................... 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.5 –

Black or African American.................................................. 7.8 7.2 6.8 7.7 –

Asian.......................................................................... 3.8 3.0 2.5 3.0 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.9 4.8 4.9 5.0 –

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.4 –

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.3 5.2 6.3 5.4 –

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.2 4.3 4.2 4.5 –

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 –

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 –

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,700 3,149 3,254 3,273 –

Job leavers...................................................................... 862 739 715 716 –

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,152 2,025 2,003 1,958 –

New entrants.................................................................... 803 697 581 645 –

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,452 2,253 2,235 2,280 –

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,081 1,894 1,994 1,943 –

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,229 921 882 981 –

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,825 1,593 1,515 1,421 –

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,776 4,851 4,915 4,989 –

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,561 2,995 3,097 3,009 –

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,934 1,558 1,570 1,663 –

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,444 21,022 21,122 20,867 –

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,752 1,481 1,623 1,653 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 532 469 474 451 –

- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 216 160 200

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 217 166 196

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 78 55 57

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 6 1 6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 42 33 36

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 30 21 15

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 27 18 18

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.3 1.6 -0.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 3 -3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 139 111 139

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 10.0 10.1 9.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 27.2 -25.6 15.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 12.1 11.6 11.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 0.1 0.3 -1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -4 -1 -6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 9 6 9

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 16 25 23

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 7.1 -1.5 1.8

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 38 39 38

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 27.8 35.6 25.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 20 37 35

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 11 8 6

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -1 -6 4

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 167 216 192

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 170 220 193

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.3

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.99 $26.54 $26.65 $26.74

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $894.06 $915.63 $919.43 $917.18

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.5 108.3 108.5 108.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.4 137.5 138.2 138.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.7 0.5 -0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 66.1 65.5 57.9

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 63.2 60.5 53.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 651,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,082 256,109 256,780 254,082 255,562 255,766 255,949 256,109 256,780

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,676 159,880 160,037 159,718 161,082 160,371 160,533 160,597 161,115

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.9 63.0 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,527 153,602 152,848 152,076 154,324 153,846 153,917 154,021 154,430

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 60.0 59.5 59.9 60.4 60.2 60.1 60.1 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,149 6,278 7,189 7,642 6,759 6,524 6,616 6,576 6,684

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 3.9 4.5 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,406 96,230 96,743 94,364 94,480 95,395 95,416 95,512 95,665

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,934 5,071 5,364 5,719 5,626 5,232 5,265 5,308 5,171

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,781 123,786 124,173 122,781 123,516 123,617 123,707 123,786 124,173

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,234 84,831 85,125 85,048 85,519 85,247 85,221 85,354 85,931

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.5 68.6 69.3 69.2 69.0 68.9 69.0 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,721 81,300 81,046 80,973 81,902 81,667 81,666 81,821 82,274

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 65.7 65.3 65.9 66.3 66.1 66.0 66.1 66.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,514 3,531 4,079 4,075 3,617 3,580 3,555 3,533 3,658

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.2 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,546 38,955 39,048 37,732 37,996 38,370 38,486 38,432 38,242

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,297 115,292 115,669 114,297 115,020 115,120 115,212 115,292 115,669

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,551 82,193 82,431 82,051 82,561 82,366 82,375 82,548 82,928

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 71.3 71.3 71.8 71.8 71.5 71.5 71.6 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,483 79,025 78,761 78,448 79,393 79,248 79,324 79,431 79,705

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 68.5 68.1 68.6 69.0 68.8 68.9 68.9 68.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,068 3,168 3,670 3,603 3,168 3,118 3,050 3,117 3,223

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.9 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,746 33,099 33,238 32,246 32,459 32,755 32,837 32,745 32,741

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,301 132,323 132,607 131,301 132,047 132,149 132,242 132,323 132,607

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,441 75,048 74,912 74,670 75,563 75,124 75,312 75,243 75,183

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 56.7 56.5 56.9 57.2 56.8 57.0 56.9 56.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,806 72,301 71,802 71,103 72,422 72,179 72,251 72,200 72,157

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 54.6 54.1 54.2 54.8 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,635 2,747 3,110 3,567 3,142 2,945 3,061 3,043 3,027

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.7 4.2 4.8 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,860 57,275 57,695 56,631 56,484 57,026 56,930 57,080 57,423

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,052 124,057 124,328 123,052 123,781 123,882 123,975 124,057 124,328

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,663 72,237 72,095 71,720 72,497 72,187 72,302 72,293 72,210

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 58.2 58.0 58.3 58.6 58.3 58.3 58.3 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,423 69,775 69,378 68,572 69,692 69,576 69,665 69,614 69,583

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 56.2 55.8 55.7 56.3 56.2 56.2 56.1 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,240 2,462 2,717 3,148 2,804 2,611 2,637 2,679 2,627

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.4 3.8 4.4 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,389 51,820 52,234 51,331 51,284 51,696 51,673 51,764 52,118

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,734 16,760 16,783 16,734 16,761 16,763 16,762 16,760 16,783

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,462 5,449 5,511 5,947 6,024 5,818 5,857 5,757 5,977

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.6 32.5 32.8 35.5 35.9 34.7 34.9 34.4 35.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,620 4,801 4,709 5,056 5,238 5,022 4,928 4,977 5,143

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 28.6 28.1 30.2 31.3 30.0 29.4 29.7 30.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 648 802 891 786 796 929 780 834

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 11.9 14.6 15.0 13.0 13.7 15.9 13.6 13.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,272 11,311 11,271 10,786 10,737 10,945 10,906 11,003 10,806

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,453 199,458 199,738 198,453 199,191 199,298 199,386 199,458 199,738

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,921 124,594 124,547 124,658 125,397 124,757 125,110 125,200 125,334

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.5 62.4 62.8 63.0 62.6 62.7 62.8 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,097 120,148 119,640 119,324 120,754 120,400 120,514 120,551 120,886

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 60.2 59.9 60.1 60.6 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,824 4,446 4,907 5,335 4,643 4,356 4,596 4,649 4,447

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.6 3.9 4.3 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,532 74,864 75,191 73,794 73,794 74,541 74,276 74,258 74,405

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,905 65,263 65,344 65,274 65,348 65,244 65,394 65,511 65,732

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 71.6 71.5 72.0 71.8 71.6 71.7 71.8 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,910 62,964 62,743 62,696 63,159 63,155 63,282 63,307 63,510

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 69.0 68.6 69.1 69.4 69.3 69.4 69.4 69.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,995 2,299 2,601 2,578 2,189 2,090 2,112 2,204 2,222

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,844 55,061 54,873 54,839 55,447 55,014 55,147 55,161 54,896

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.4 57.2 57.5 57.9 57.4 57.5 57.5 57.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,582 53,356 53,129 52,679 53,538 53,298 53,342 53,275 53,255

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.6 55.3 55.2 55.9 55.6 55.6 55.5 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,262 1,705 1,744 2,160 1,909 1,715 1,805 1,886 1,641

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.9 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,171 4,270 4,330 4,545 4,602 4,499 4,569 4,528 4,705

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 34.6 35.1 36.8 37.3 36.5 37.0 36.7 38.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,604 3,828 3,768 3,949 4,057 3,947 3,891 3,970 4,121

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 31.0 30.5 32.0 32.9 32.0 31.5 32.2 33.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 442 562 596 545 552 678 559 584

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 10.4 13.0 13.1 11.8 12.3 14.8 12.3 12.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,063 32,436 32,575 32,063 32,333 32,370 32,404 32,436 32,575

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,830 20,050 20,109 19,991 20,254 20,134 20,175 20,153 20,211

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 61.8 61.7 62.3 62.6 62.2 62.3 62.1 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,262 18,791 18,507 18,436 18,838 18,654 18,718 18,790 18,663

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 57.9 56.8 57.5 58.3 57.6 57.8 57.9 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,569 1,260 1,602 1,555 1,416 1,479 1,457 1,362 1,548

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 6.3 8.0 7.8 7.0 7.3 7.2 6.8 7.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,232 12,385 12,466 12,072 12,079 12,236 12,230 12,283 12,364

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,028 9,128 9,196 9,098 9,294 9,218 9,225 9,178 9,254

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 67.3 67.5 68.0 68.8 68.2 68.1 67.7 67.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,318 8,537 8,457 8,425 8,668 8,539 8,552 8,576 8,564

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 63.0 62.1 63.0 64.2 63.1 63.1 63.2 62.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 591 739 673 626 679 673 601 690

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 6.5 8.0 7.4 6.7 7.4 7.3 6.6 7.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,105 10,236 10,210 10,113 10,166 10,204 10,219 10,252 10,197

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.5 62.1 62.5 62.3 62.5 62.5 62.6 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,431 9,707 9,518 9,437 9,550 9,560 9,622 9,657 9,524

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 59.3 57.9 58.3 58.5 58.5 58.8 59.0 57.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 529 692 676 616 644 597 595 673

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 5.2 6.8 6.7 6.1 6.3 5.8 5.8 6.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 686 703 780 794 712 731 723 759

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 27.4 28.0 31.0 31.6 28.4 29.1 28.8 30.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 547 532 574 619 555 544 557 575

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 21.8 21.2 22.8 24.7 22.1 21.7 22.2 22.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 140 171 206 174 157 187 166 185

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7 20.3 24.3 26.4 22.0 22.0 25.5 22.9 24.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,157 15,610 15,731 15,157 15,483 15,466 15,370 15,610 15,731

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,617 9,779 9,855 9,653 9,985 9,864 9,699 9,782 9,885

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 62.6 62.6 63.7 64.5 63.8 63.1 62.7 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,250 9,546 9,548 9,290 9,626 9,565 9,407 9,536 9,584

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 61.2 60.7 61.3 62.2 61.8 61.2 61.1 60.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 233 307 363 359 299 292 246 300

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 2.4 3.1 3.8 3.6 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,540 5,831 5,876 5,505 5,498 5,602 5,671 5,829 5,846

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 40,922 41,831 42,249 40,922 41,579 41,665 41,751 41,831 42,249

Civilian labor force................................ 26,927 27,429 27,713 27,051 27,609 27,319 27,389 27,498 27,826

Participation rate............................... 65.8 65.6 65.6 66.1 66.4 65.6 65.6 65.7 65.9

Employed....................................... 25,146 26,077 26,114 25,467 26,209 25,999 26,088 26,141 26,432

Employment-population ratio............... 61.4 62.3 61.8 62.2 63.0 62.4 62.5 62.5 62.6

Unemployed.................................... 1,781 1,352 1,599 1,584 1,400 1,321 1,301 1,356 1,393

Unemployment rate......................... 6.6 4.9 5.8 5.9 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0

Not in labor force................................. 13,995 14,402 14,536 13,871 13,970 14,346 14,361 14,334 14,423

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,837 15,090 15,281 14,898 15,110 14,959 14,969 15,084 15,320

Participation rate............................... 80.5 80.1 80.2 80.9 80.7 79.7 79.6 80.1 80.4

Employed....................................... 13,966 14,457 14,448 14,189 14,502 14,380 14,400 14,507 14,659

Employment-population ratio............... 75.8 76.7 75.8 77.0 77.5 76.7 76.6 77.0 76.9

Unemployed.................................... 872 634 833 709 608 579 569 577 661

Unemployment rate......................... 5.9 4.2 5.4 4.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,022 11,165 11,243 11,040 11,249 11,146 11,222 11,189 11,257

Participation rate............................... 59.0 58.4 58.3 59.1 59.2 58.5 58.8 58.5 58.4

Employed....................................... 10,290 10,604 10,683 10,351 10,637 10,601 10,676 10,598 10,737

Employment-population ratio............... 55.1 55.5 55.4 55.4 56.0 55.7 56.0 55.4 55.7

Unemployed.................................... 732 561 560 689 612 546 546 591 520

Unemployment rate......................... 6.6 5.0 5.0 6.2 5.4 4.9 4.9 5.3 4.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,068 1,174 1,189 1,113 1,250 1,214 1,198 1,225 1,249

Participation rate............................... 28.0 30.3 30.4 29.2 32.4 31.4 30.9 31.6 32.0

Employed....................................... 890 1,017 982 927 1,070 1,018 1,012 1,037 1,036

Employment-population ratio............... 23.4 26.2 25.1 24.3 27.7 26.3 26.2 26.8 26.5

Unemployed.................................... 178 158 207 186 180 196 185 188 213

Unemployment rate......................... 16.6 13.4 17.4 16.7 14.4 16.1 15.5 15.4 17.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,627 10,148 10,433 10,520 10,552 10,328 10,167 10,148 10,274

Participation rate.................................. 45.7 44.8 45.5 45.2 46.2 46.2 45.1 44.8 44.8

Employed.......................................... 9,677 9,455 9,695 9,756 9,846 9,699 9,639 9,507 9,715

Employment-population ratio................. 41.6 41.8 42.2 42.0 43.1 43.4 42.7 42.0 42.3

Unemployed....................................... 950 693 738 765 706 629 528 641 559

Unemployment rate............................ 8.9 6.8 7.1 7.3 6.7 6.1 5.2 6.3 5.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,191 35,760 35,395 35,456 35,916 35,572 36,014 35,927 35,735

Participation rate.................................. 57.5 57.5 57.0 58.0 57.4 56.9 57.5 57.8 57.5

Employed.......................................... 33,116 34,245 33,589 33,597 34,377 34,050 34,463 34,425 34,134

Employment-population ratio................. 54.1 55.1 54.0 54.9 55.0 54.4 55.1 55.4 54.9

Unemployed....................................... 2,076 1,515 1,806 1,859 1,539 1,522 1,551 1,503 1,601

Unemployment rate............................ 5.9 4.2 5.1 5.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,982 37,897 37,792 38,076 37,540 37,761 37,955 37,906 37,863

Participation rate.................................. 65.6 66.2 65.8 65.8 65.9 65.8 66.2 66.2 66.0

Employed.......................................... 36,436 36,590 36,411 36,634 36,189 36,385 36,579 36,534 36,566

Employment-population ratio................. 63.0 63.9 63.4 63.3 63.5 63.4 63.8 63.8 63.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,547 1,307 1,380 1,441 1,351 1,376 1,376 1,372 1,297

Unemployment rate............................ 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 54,369 55,824 55,885 54,377 55,621 55,612 55,501 55,852 55,922

Participation rate.................................. 73.9 73.4 73.3 73.9 74.1 73.8 73.6 73.5 73.4

Employed.......................................... 52,987 54,701 54,649 53,025 54,378 54,477 54,348 54,653 54,720

Employment-population ratio................. 72.1 72.0 71.7 72.1 72.5 72.3 72.1 71.9 71.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,382 1,123 1,235 1,352 1,242 1,135 1,153 1,200 1,202

Unemployment rate............................ 2.5 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,674 19,376 18,653 17,518 2,021 1,858

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,258 9,426 9,080 8,353 1,179 1,073

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 48.6 48.7 47.7 58.3 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,798 9,046 8,664 8,012 1,134 1,034

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.4 46.7 46.4 45.7 56.1 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 380 416 341 45 39

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,416 9,950 9,573 9,165 842 785

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,067 4,116 3,394 3,446 673 670

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,342 3,297 2,878 2,861 463 436

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2 80.1 84.8 83.0 68.9 65.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,131 3,163 2,695 2,739 437 425

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 76.9 79.4 79.5 64.9 63.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 134 184 122 27 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 4.1 6.4 4.3 5.8 2.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 819 515 585 209 234

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,298 3,045 2,756 2,537 542 508

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,556 2,370 2,191 2,000 365 370

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 77.8 79.5 78.8 67.4 72.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,469 2,263 2,109 1,908 360 355

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.9 74.3 76.5 75.2 66.5 69.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 107 82 92 5 15

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.5 3.7 4.6 1.3 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 675 565 537 177 138

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,218 7,821 7,921 7,555 297 266

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,832 1,623 1,750 1,570 83 52

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 20.7 22.1 20.8 27.8 19.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,754 1,568 1,681 1,516 73 52

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 20.1 21.2 20.1 24.5 19.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 54 69 54 10 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.4 3.9 3.5 11.8 –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,386 6,198 6,171 5,985 214 214

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,091 4,394 4,582 3,980 509 414

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,528 2,136 2,261 1,922 267 215

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 48.6 49.3 48.3 52.5 51.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,444 2,052 2,180 1,849 264 202

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 46.7 47.6 46.5 51.9 48.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 85 81 72 3 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.0 3.6 3.8 1.2 5.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,563 2,258 2,321 2,058 242 199

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,320 228,181 99,556 101,942 124,765 126,239

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,479 148,592 74,235 75,842 72,243 72,750

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 65.1 74.6 74.4 57.9 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,086 142,078 70,288 72,218 68,798 69,860

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 62.3 70.6 70.8 55.1 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,393 6,514 3,948 3,624 3,445 2,890

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.4 5.3 4.8 4.8 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,842 79,589 25,320 26,100 52,521 53,489

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,964 29,404 224,118 227,376

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,847 5,987 152,828 154,050

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.5 20.4 68.2 67.8

Employed............................................................................. 5,206 5,460 145,321 147,388

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.4 18.6 64.8 64.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 641 527 7,508 6,662

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.0 8.8 4.9 4.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,116 23,417 71,290 73,326

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,479 2,587 76,763 77,314

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.0 35.8 82.1 82.0

Employed............................................................................. 2,181 2,337 72,724 73,686

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.0 32.4 77.8 78.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 298 250 4,039 3,628

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.0 9.7 5.3 4.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,032 4,632 16,721 17,000

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,320 2,321 67,814 68,309

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.7 30.4 70.5 70.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,053 2,108 64,631 65,554

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.4 27.6 67.2 67.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 267 213 3,183 2,755

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.5 9.2 4.7 4.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,765 5,314 28,410 28,777

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,049 1,079 8,252 8,427

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.3 7.4 24.0 23.4

Employed............................................................................. 972 1,016 7,966 8,147

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.8 7.0 23.1 22.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 77 63 286 279

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.3 5.9 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,319 13,471 26,159 27,550

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,379 42,625 20,148 20,580 21,231 22,045

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,144 27,754 15,683 15,938 11,461 11,816

Participation rate.................................................. 65.6 65.1 77.8 77.4 54.0 53.6

Employed.......................................................... 25,721 26,453 14,883 15,257 10,837 11,196

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.2 62.1 73.9 74.1 51.0 50.8

Unemployed....................................................... 1,423 1,300 799 681 624 620

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.2 4.7 5.1 4.3 5.4 5.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,235 14,871 4,465 4,642 9,770 10,229

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 212,703 214,156 102,633 103,593 110,070 110,562

Civilian labor force.................................................. 131,532 132,283 68,552 69,187 62,980 63,096

Participation rate.................................................. 61.8 61.8 66.8 66.8 57.2 57.1

Employed.......................................................... 124,806 126,395 64,837 65,789 59,969 60,606

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.7 59.0 63.2 63.5 54.5 54.8

Unemployed....................................................... 6,726 5,889 3,715 3,398 3,011 2,491

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.1 4.5 5.4 4.9 4.8 3.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,171 81,872 34,081 34,406 47,090 47,466

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,225 2,368 2,297 2,432 2,311 2,471 2,510 2,552 2,513

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,460 1,590 1,538 1,625 1,554 1,707 1,697 1,717 1,712

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 747 743 732 790 745 749 791 793 781

Unpaid family workers........................... 18 35 27 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 148,302 151,233 150,551 149,633 151,942 151,334 151,453 151,478 151,894

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 139,942 142,295 141,666 141,067 142,959 142,294 142,472 142,505 142,828

Government..................................... 21,083 20,789 21,109 20,803 20,908 20,755 20,717 20,642 20,815

Private industries............................... 118,859 121,506 120,557 120,275 122,055 121,578 121,779 121,900 122,022

Private households.......................... 731 687 701 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 118,128 120,819 119,855 119,581 121,423 121,012 121,140 121,206 121,349

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,313 8,881 8,838 8,504 8,861 8,956 8,922 8,970 8,991

Unpaid family workers........................... 47 57 47 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,226 5,060 5,474 5,776 5,148 4,880 4,851 4,915 4,989

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,966 3,172 3,363 3,561 3,098 2,960 2,995 3,097 3,009

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,902 1,529 1,666 1,934 1,725 1,615 1,558 1,570 1,663

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,612 21,631 20,916 20,444 20,951 20,897 21,022 21,122 20,867

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,127 4,992 5,380 5,717 5,048 4,799 4,759 4,856 4,926

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,909 3,132 3,311 3,506 3,054 2,944 2,952 3,049 2,965

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,895 1,528 1,662 1,926 1,702 1,600 1,552 1,563 1,659

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,277 21,226 20,516 20,076 20,619 20,552 20,645 20,703 20,434

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,527 153,602 152,848 152,076 154,324 153,846 153,917 154,021 154,430

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,620 4,801 4,709 5,056 5,238 5,022 4,928 4,977 5,143

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,643 1,803 1,724 1,822 1,972 1,932 1,929 1,907 1,915

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,977 2,998 2,986 3,231 3,206 3,070 2,996 3,075 3,221

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,907 148,801 148,139 147,020 149,085 148,824 148,989 149,045 149,287

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,691 13,809 13,794 14,076 14,211 14,183 13,982 13,936 14,153

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,215 134,991 134,345 132,971 134,845 134,716 135,009 135,083 135,129

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,656 99,547 99,157 98,191 99,235 99,227 99,407 99,535 99,674

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,926 34,614 34,559 34,157 34,652 34,666 34,692 34,606 34,768

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,406 32,302 32,231 31,557 32,045 32,094 32,146 32,304 32,380

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,324 32,631 32,367 32,478 32,538 32,468 32,568 32,625 32,526

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,560 35,444 35,188 34,779 35,610 35,489 35,602 35,548 35,455

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,721 81,300 81,046 80,973 81,902 81,667 81,666 81,821 82,274

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,237 2,275 2,286 2,525 2,509 2,419 2,342 2,391 2,569

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769 779 817 877 899 884 884 848 920

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,468 1,495 1,469 1,642 1,600 1,528 1,443 1,540 1,638

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,483 79,025 78,761 78,448 79,393 79,248 79,324 79,431 79,705

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,028 7,093 7,079 7,305 7,313 7,280 7,210 7,203 7,339

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,455 71,933 71,682 71,178 72,028 72,016 72,102 72,226 72,388

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,196 53,163 52,996 52,675 52,980 53,082 53,084 53,308 53,441

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,287 18,559 18,630 18,470 18,605 18,617 18,617 18,612 18,773

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,886 17,397 17,277 17,052 17,262 17,320 17,300 17,450 17,447

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,023 17,206 17,089 17,152 17,114 17,145 17,167 17,246 17,221

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,259 18,770 18,686 18,503 19,048 18,934 19,018 18,918 18,947

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,806 72,301 71,802 71,103 72,422 72,179 72,251 72,200 72,157

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,383 2,526 2,424 2,531 2,729 2,603 2,586 2,586 2,574

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 1,024 907 945 1,073 1,048 1,044 1,059 995

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,509 1,502 1,517 1,589 1,606 1,541 1,552 1,535 1,583

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,423 69,775 69,378 68,572 69,692 69,576 69,665 69,614 69,583

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,663 6,717 6,715 6,771 6,898 6,903 6,772 6,733 6,814

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,760 63,058 62,663 61,793 62,817 62,700 62,906 62,857 62,742

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,460 46,385 46,161 45,517 46,255 46,146 46,322 46,227 46,233

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,639 16,055 15,929 15,687 16,047 16,049 16,074 15,994 15,995

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,520 14,905 14,954 14,505 14,784 14,774 14,846 14,853 14,933

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,301 15,425 15,278 15,325 15,425 15,323 15,402 15,380 15,305

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,300 16,674 16,502 16,276 16,562 16,555 16,584 16,630 16,508

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,344 45,284 45,442 45,654 45,594 45,776 45,621 45,439 45,714

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,444 35,952 35,624 35,540 35,591 35,853 35,844 35,813 35,768

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,906 9,893 9,652 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,015 125,985 125,435 124,625 126,676 126,636 126,758 126,723 127,016

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,512 27,616 27,413 27,363 27,603 27,142 27,138 27,257 27,271

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,405 7,776 7,751 7,547 7,350 7,209 7,342 7,647 7,845

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,713 6,047 5,958 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,060 9,624 9,570 9,294 9,605 9,705 9,713 9,763 9,773

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,642 6,576 6,684 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 891 780 834 15.0 13.0 13.7 15.9 13.6 13.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 346 341 337 15.9 13.9 15.0 19.1 15.2 15.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 542 467 495 14.4 12.8 13.2 14.4 13.2 13.3

20 years and over................................ 6,751 5,796 5,851 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,264 1,063 1,123 8.2 7.6 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.4

25 years and over.............................. 5,421 4,735 4,704 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4

25 to 54 years............................... 4,190 3,528 3,611 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5

25 to 34 years............................. 1,775 1,615 1,576 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.3

35 to 44 years............................. 1,293 992 1,034 3.9 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1

45 to 54 years............................. 1,122 921 1,001 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.0

55 years and over........................... 1,257 1,200 1,103 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,075 3,533 3,658 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 472 416 434 15.8 15.2 16.0 17.7 14.8 14.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 180 158 137 17.0 15.6 17.4 20.7 15.7 13.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 289 271 286 15.0 15.2 15.7 16.6 15.0 14.9

20 years and over................................ 3,603 3,117 3,223 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 743 620 651 9.2 8.7 8.0 8.4 7.9 8.2

25 years and over.............................. 2,834 2,480 2,561 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4

25 to 54 years............................... 2,199 1,814 1,905 4.0 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4

25 to 34 years............................. 959 841 796 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.1

35 to 44 years............................. 678 471 552 3.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.1

45 to 54 years............................. 562 502 557 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.1

55 years and over........................... 635 667 656 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,567 3,043 3,027 4.8 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 419 364 399 14.2 11.0 11.4 14.1 12.3 13.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 166 183 199 14.9 12.5 12.8 17.7 14.7 16.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 253 196 209 13.7 10.3 10.6 12.4 11.3 11.7

20 years and over................................ 3,148 2,679 2,627 4.4 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 521 443 472 7.1 6.4 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.5

25 years and over.............................. 2,587 2,254 2,143 4.0 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 1,991 1,714 1,706 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6

25 to 34 years............................. 816 774 781 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7

35 to 44 years............................. 615 521 482 4.1 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.1

45 to 54 years............................. 560 418 444 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8

55 years and over........................... 616 546 421 3.6 3.4 2.9 2.8 3.2 2.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,273 1,033 1,080 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,110 942 877 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.4

Women who maintain families2.................... 660 552 666 6.3 6.5 5.6 5.5 5.3 6.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,240 5,314 5,347 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,393 1,295 1,340 4.8 4.3 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.7

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4,361 3,298 3,891 3,700 3,316 3,214 3,149 3,254 3,273

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,518 1,010 1,333 1,056 891 862 950 915 912

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,843 2,288 2,558 2,644 2,425 2,352 2,200 2,339 2,361

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,093 1,604 1,756 1,973 1,728 1,688 1,539 1,636 1,652

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 750 684 802 671 697 664 661 703 709

Job leavers........................................... 864 673 715 862 737 731 739 715 716

Reentrants............................................ 2,224 1,827 2,013 2,152 2,068 2,001 2,025 2,003 1,958

New entrants......................................... 701 480 571 803 663 626 697 581 645

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 53.5 52.5 54.1 49.2 48.9 48.9 47.6 49.7 49.6

On temporary layoff.............................. 18.6 16.1 18.5 14.0 13.1 13.1 14.4 14.0 13.8

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 34.9 36.4 35.6 35.2 35.8 35.8 33.3 35.7 35.8

Job leavers........................................... 10.6 10.7 9.9 11.5 10.9 11.1 11.2 10.9 10.9

Reentrants............................................ 27.3 29.1 28.0 28.6 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.6 29.7

New entrants......................................... 8.6 7.7 7.9 10.7 9.8 9.5 10.5 8.9 9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,824 2,144 2,655 2,452 2,223 2,128 2,253 2,235 2,280

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,216 1,848 2,064 2,081 1,879 1,943 1,894 1,994 1,943

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,109 2,287 2,470 3,055 2,695 2,500 2,514 2,397 2,402

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,201 867 972 1,229 962 856 921 882 981

27 weeks and over............................... 1,908 1,420 1,498 1,825 1,733 1,645 1,593 1,515 1,421

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 23.7 23.5 22.7 25.3 26.6 25.8 25.2 23.6 24.1

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.6 8.8 8.9 10.3 10.1 9.8 9.5 9.1 9.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 34.6 34.1 36.9 32.3 32.7 32.4 33.8 33.7 34.4

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 27.2 29.4 28.7 27.4 27.6 29.6 28.4 30.1 29.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 38.2 36.4 34.4 40.3 39.7 38.0 37.7 36.2 36.3

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 14.7 13.8 13.5 16.2 14.2 13.0 13.8 13.3 14.8

27 weeks and over............................... 23.4 22.6 20.8 24.1 25.5 25.0 23.9 22.9 21.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 150,527 152,848 8,149 7,189 5.1 4.5

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 59,921 62,123 1,425 1,374 2.3 2.2

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,051 25,480 644 513 2.5 2.0

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,871 36,643 781 861 2.2 2.3

Service occupations................................................ 25,772 25,725 1,741 1,617 6.3 5.9

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,750 33,454 1,770 1,495 5.0 4.3

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,971 15,725 883 754 5.2 4.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,778 17,729 888 741 4.8 4.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,745 14,212 1,241 1,078 8.3 7.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,019 1,090 181 166 15.1 13.2

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,591 8,226 872 755 10.3 8.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,134 4,897 187 157 3.5 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,338 17,334 1,250 1,050 6.7 5.7

Production occupations.......................................... 8,196 8,495 558 401 6.4 4.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,142 8,839 693 649 7.0 6.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 8,149 7,189 5.1 4.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 6,403 5,622 5.1 4.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 51 29 6.8 4.1

Construction.......................................................................... 859 707 9.4 7.3

Manufacturing........................................................................ 633 526 4.2 3.4

Durable goods..................................................................... 431 318 4.5 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................ 202 207 3.6 3.7

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,164 1,081 5.5 5.3

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 308 232 4.7 3.5

Information............................................................................ 137 146 4.9 5.3

Financial activities................................................................... 319 216 3.3 2.2

Professional and business services............................................... 953 849 5.7 5.0

Education and health services..................................................... 623 641 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,093 903 7.9 6.8

Other services........................................................................ 264 293 4.0 4.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 198 168 12.4 10.0

Government workers................................................................... 485 474 2.2 2.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 362 354 3.8 3.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.1 3.9 4.5 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.5 4.2 4.8 5.1 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.2 4.9 5.5 5.8 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 10.1 8.0 8.9 9.4 8.3 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2017

Jan.

2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,406 96,743 38,546 39,048 56,860 57,695

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,934 5,364 2,713 2,427 3,221 2,937

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,752 1,653 903 917 849 736

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 532 451 305 282 227 169

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,220 1,202 598 635 622 567

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,405 7,751 3,658 3,931 3,747 3,820

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 5.1 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,904 4,207 2,129 2,330 1,776 1,877

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,961 2,042 693 762 1,268 1,280

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 302 339 188 207 114 132

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,190 1,109 635 600 556 509

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Change

from:

Dec.2017 -

Jan.2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,393 148,783 148,558 145,473 145,696 147,450 147,610 147,810 200

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,222 125,970 125,885 123,292 123,383 125,120 125,286 125,482 196

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,373 20,342 20,216 19,844 19,888 20,246 20,301 20,358 57

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 703 700 693 646 697 698 704 6

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 50.6 50.0 49.4 50.0 49.3 49.8 51.0 1.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588.5 652.0 649.8 643.5 595.9 647.3 647.8 652.5 4.7

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.6 146.9 145.3 144.9 149.4 146.0 144.4 145.7 1.3

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.7 187.5 183.9 178.4 183.3 186.2 185.5 185.4 -0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 52.3 52.0 51.8 50.7 52.1 51.7 51.8 0.1

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 38.4 38.7 38.6 38.8 38.5 38.6 38.7 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.0 96.8 93.2 88.0 93.8 95.6 95.2 94.9 -0.3

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.2 317.6 320.6 320.2 263.2 315.1 317.9 321.4 3.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,459 7,117 6,971 6,692 6,873 7,030 7,063 7,099 36

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,467.7 1,567.6 1,556.8 1,512.3 1,522.6 1,555.1 1,563.4 1,566.2 2.8

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717.8 765.0 765.6 744.6 747.3 758.1 766.9 772.0 5.1

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749.9 802.6 791.2 767.7 775.3 797.0 796.5 794.2 -2.3

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 846.0 1,005.9 940.0 867.9 968.5 984.5 987.1 993.4 6.3

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,145.6 4,543.3 4,474.2 4,311.3 4,381.8 4,490.0 4,512.6 4,538.9 26.3

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,821.1 1,993.3 1,965.5 1,895.4 1,932.7 1,972.6 1,982.5 1,996.4 13.9

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,324.5 2,550.0 2,508.7 2,415.9 2,449.1 2,517.4 2,530.1 2,542.5 12.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,277 12,522 12,545 12,459 12,369 12,519 12,540 12,555 15

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,662 7,796 7,820 7,792 7,699 7,792 7,810 7,828 18

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.4 396.8 396.7 393.7 397.9 395.6 396.0 397.3 1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.2 416.4 411.4 401.1 410.7 413.0 414.4 416.3 1.9

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.6 374.6 378.6 377.2 368.1 375.2 377.4 376.5 -0.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,408.6 1,451.8 1,457.2 1,453.3 1,412.8 1,449.5 1,453.5 1,456.6 3.1

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,064.9 1,089.9 1,097.7 1,100.8 1,066.6 1,092.9 1,097.4 1,102.8 5.4

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,033.6 1,050.8 1,058.2 1,054.7 1,037.0 1,052.5 1,056.4 1,057.7 1.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 156.9 165.1 166.4 167.5 158.0 165.0 166.1 167.7 1.6

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.8 86.4 87.1 86.9 86.2 86.6 87.0 87.3 0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.8 364.7 367.8 364.9 359.7 365.3 366.7 366.3 -0.4

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.6 401.6 404.5 403.0 398.4 402.7 404.4 403.9 -0.5

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 33.0 32.4 32.4 34.7 32.9 32.3 32.5 0.2

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 381.7 394.0 394.5 393.5 382.4 394.2 394.0 394.3 0.3

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,633.1 1,635.4 1,642.0 1,641.3 1,637.0 1,635.6 1,638.9 1,644.6 5.7

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.8 955.0 959.0 953.9 956.7 953.8 955.4 955.1 -0.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.3 391.1 390.4 386.9 395.8 391.7 390.0 388.7 -1.3

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587.1 594.8 593.6 589.3 590.8 592.2 592.1 592.8 0.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,615 4,726 4,725 4,667 4,670 4,727 4,730 4,727 -3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,555.9 1,614.8 1,611.4 1,590.8 1,579.9 1,616.5 1,617.6 1,617.6 0.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.4 111.8 111.8 111.1 113.4 111.7 111.6 111.3 -0.3

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.9 113.2 114.5 113.0 116.4 112.6 114.1 114.1 0.0

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.4 117.3 116.0 114.9 125.5 115.9 115.4 115.7 0.3

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.9 369.9 371.9 368.2 368.2 370.2 371.0 368.8 -2.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 441.4 439.8 439.1 431.6 443.8 437.9 435.9 434.2 -1.7

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.3 115.9 113.8 110.2 113.3 115.2 115.1 114.6 -0.5

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.0 824.2 828.1 820.8 814.0 827.3 827.2 825.7 -1.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702.7 722.5 724.7 718.3 709.8 724.1 725.0 725.3 0.3

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.0 296.7 294.1 288.4 286.1 295.6 297.4 299.8 2.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,849 105,628 105,669 103,448 103,495 104,874 104,985 105,124 139

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,305 28,171 28,359 27,497 27,450 27,602 27,599 27,633 34

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,830.6 5,943.6 5,952.3 5,905.5 5,879.4 5,933.3 5,943.4 5,953.2 9.8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,923.4 2,988.5 2,998.4 2,978.7 2,943.0 2,987.9 2,994.4 2,998.9 4.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,021.6 2,060.0 2,058.3 2,034.2 2,044.5 2,052.3 2,057.4 2,056.7 -0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Change

from:

Dec.2017 -

Jan.2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885.6 895.1 895.6 892.6 891.9 893.1 891.6 897.6 6.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,848.1 16,344.1 16,384.1 15,809.7 15,912.8 15,887.0 15,861.4 15,876.8 15.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,978.7 2,019.4 2,011.1 2,001.7 2,000.3 2,018.5 2,020.5 2,023.4 2.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,284.0 1,303.7 1,300.9 1,297.0 1,290.6 1,301.6 1,303.1 1,303.9 0.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.4 151.1 148.4 146.9 154.2 156.1 156.7 158.4 1.7

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 552.3 564.6 561.8 557.8 555.6 560.8 560.8 561.0 0.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 482.8 497.0 503.8 488.1 476.5 479.8 480.7 481.3 0.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 528.5 512.2 513.5 507.6 513.8 490.2 494.1 493.6 -0.5

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,205.1 1,266.7 1,260.7 1,237.5 1,267.3 1,293.9 1,296.5 1,299.9 3.4

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,080.8 3,118.7 3,125.5 3,085.2 3,097.4 3,097.5 3,100.3 3,100.2 -0.1

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,078.6 1,081.2 1,089.5 1,068.2 1,074.1 1,066.0 1,066.6 1,063.7 -2.9

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.2 938.4 929.0 920.1 928.7 934.9 931.9 933.3 1.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,402.7 1,478.8 1,481.2 1,372.1 1,390.7 1,353.4 1,343.5 1,358.6 15.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621.1 671.4 674.1 598.2 610.1 607.9 598.2 592.0 -6.2

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,190.8 3,325.0 3,352.3 3,151.2 3,167.4 3,149.0 3,131.3 3,129.0 -2.3

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,226.6 1,288.8 1,333.0 1,209.6 1,203.0 1,186.2 1,186.3 1,186.6 0.3

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,964.2 2,036.2 2,019.3 1,941.6 1,964.4 1,962.8 1,945.1 1,942.4 -2.7

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806.3 833.4 835.8 800.0 828.7 819.7 820.9 821.4 0.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.5 601.9 607.6 579.8 557.8 576.2 576.9 580.4 3.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,071.0 5,329.9 5,466.8 5,230.6 5,101.5 5,227.5 5,239.1 5,250.2 11.1

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.5 497.6 498.4 494.6 485.7 499.3 499.8 499.2 -0.6

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.9 212.6 211.8 211.8 217.3 212.4 212.5 213.8 1.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 64.7 64.5 62.5 64.9 65.4 65.5 64.7 -0.8

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,418.8 1,467.3 1,458.5 1,432.8 1,446.2 1,456.7 1,457.8 1,460.0 2.2

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495.5 511.3 511.2 502.9 484.4 494.7 495.6 493.1 -2.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 47.9 47.8 47.2 49.0 48.0 47.6 47.3 -0.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 24.7 30.8 30.0 24.0 34.8 35.2 35.5 34.3 -1.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 674.0 698.2 703.9 697.6 679.8 696.9 700.0 702.8 2.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679.4 758.3 900.8 746.0 662.3 705.3 713.6 718.5 4.9

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970.5 1,041.2 1,039.9 1,011.2 977.1 1,013.6 1,011.2 1,016.5 5.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.8 553.3 555.3 550.9 556.7 554.3 554.6 553.2 -1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,778 2,799 2,784 2,738 2,810 2,780 2,779 2,773 -6

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 727.7 721.1 720.7 713.4 730.8 718.7 717.4 716.2 -1.2

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.5 433.2 414.0 388.8 430.1 418.1 419.3 417.0 -2.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.7 265.1 264.6 261.3 269.5 263.7 262.9 262.1 -0.8

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792.7 775.7 777.8 771.8 792.2 774.7 774.6 771.5 -3.1

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.9 320.5 320.0 318.7 312.2 320.6 319.3 320.4 1.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.5 283.8 286.5 283.8 274.8 284.3 285.8 285.3 -0.5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,345 8,499 8,518 8,464 8,397 8,503 8,509 8,518 9

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,218.0 6,289.4 6,303.2 6,280.2 6,228.3 6,286.3 6,289.7 6,291.8 2.1

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.1 18.9 19.0 18.9 18.9 18.8 18.9 18.9 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,638.2 2,654.0 2,661.3 2,653.9 2,641.0 2,655.4 2,656.4 2,656.7 0.3

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,710.8 1,712.6 1,714.4 1,714.5 1,712.0 1,716.5 1,715.8 1,715.6 -0.2

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,322.2 1,319.9 1,321.0 1,320.1 1,321.0 1,323.2 1,322.4 1,319.5 -2.9

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 622.8 628.0 629.9 624.4 622.5 625.9 624.9 624.3 -0.6

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 304.6 313.4 317.0 315.0 306.5 313.0 315.8 316.8 1.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 928.1 949.2 952.7 949.9 932.2 949.0 950.6 954.1 3.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,632.6 2,667.3 2,670.2 2,657.5 2,636.2 2,663.1 2,663.8 2,662.1 -1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,127.4 2,209.4 2,214.5 2,184.2 2,169.1 2,216.6 2,219.2 2,225.7 6.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,564.2 1,611.5 1,617.2 1,593.1 1,586.8 1,612.3 1,612.4 1,615.0 2.6

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539.5 573.5 572.9 566.8 558.2 580.1 582.6 586.1 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Change

from:

Dec.2017 -

Jan.2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.7 24.4 24.4 24.3 24.1 24.2 24.2 24.6 0.4

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,875 20,864 20,770 20,313 20,246 20,646 20,671 20,694 23

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,915.3 9,090.7 9,107.5 9,080.9 8,912.6 9,068.2 9,077.6 9,085.1 7.5

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125.5 1,138.5 1,143.3 1,127.7 1,132.5 1,135.8 1,136.6 1,135.5 -1.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,057.5 966.4 980.4 1,039.2 980.6 987.3 981.7 971.6 -10.1

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,395.8 1,452.0 1,453.2 1,437.6 1,417.0 1,451.2 1,455.0 1,458.9 3.9

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.3 141.0 140.6 136.1 140.3 139.2 138.6 138.2 -0.4

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,021.6 2,073.4 2,065.5 2,069.1 2,022.5 2,060.4 2,064.3 2,068.8 4.5

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,351.1 1,436.0 1,438.6 1,404.9 1,373.2 1,419.9 1,422.5 1,427.1 4.6

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656.0 662.8 661.2 661.3 660.1 662.8 661.8 665.1 3.3

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 486.2 491.4 493.2 483.5 491.8 488.8 490.7 489.3 -1.4

Other professional and technical services. . . 683.3 729.2 731.5 721.5 694.5 722.7 726.6 730.6 4.0

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,269.4 2,305.4 2,312.7 2,301.0 2,276.6 2,304.7 2,308.0 2,308.2 0.2

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,690.3 9,468.0 9,350.2 8,930.6 9,056.5 9,272.8 9,285.6 9,300.2 14.6

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,285.9 9,052.5 8,933.4 8,517.1 8,645.5 8,856.2 8,867.2 8,880.8 13.6

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.6 520.5 518.5 514.8 497.7 517.5 518.0 518.7 0.7

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.9 155.1 155.3 151.2 146.7 154.2 155.5 152.8 -2.7

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,401.7 3,829.7 3,803.7 3,522.7 3,558.6 3,671.1 3,674.9 3,680.6 5.7

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,768.6 3,144.8 3,116.1 2,864.0 2,901.8 2,999.1 2,997.6 2,999.4 1.8

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912.2 930.6 931.3 915.8 911.6 907.9 908.1 914.0 5.9

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.9 214.6 213.8 211.8 219.2 215.9 216.1 216.8 0.7

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 898.5 930.3 933.7 917.3 909.1 922.5 926.6 928.0 1.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,907.0 2,144.2 2,051.7 1,958.8 2,085.7 2,136.4 2,136.8 2,139.5 2.7

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.1 327.5 325.4 324.7 316.9 330.6 331.3 330.4 -0.9

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.4 415.5 416.8 413.5 411.0 416.6 418.4 419.4 1.0

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,766 23,609 23,570 23,227 22,957 23,350 23,389 23,427 38

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,494.3 3,894.7 3,816.3 3,577.7 3,624.8 3,696.9 3,700.2 3,711.9 11.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,271.6 19,713.8 19,753.3 19,649.6 19,331.8 19,653.5 19,689.1 19,714.9 25.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,540.4 15,881.5 15,921.3 15,834.0 15,593.5 15,835.0 15,867.8 15,888.4 20.6

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,171.9 7,404.5 7,417.7 7,362.0 7,201.8 7,372.7 7,387.2 7,394.9 7.7

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,551.4 2,619.6 2,626.0 2,599.8 2,558.5 2,610.3 2,609.8 2,608.7 -1.1

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.5 939.5 943.4 934.2 928.8 936.5 942.4 937.3 -5.1

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 869.8 906.9 908.6 906.9 876.3 901.8 906.1 912.3 6.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.6 914.3 916.5 917.4 877.2 913.2 914.4 919.5 5.1

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 268.0 273.6 274.4 272.6 268.4 272.6 272.8 273.2 0.4

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,385.2 1,440.0 1,439.2 1,423.9 1,392.9 1,429.0 1,432.6 1,433.3 0.7

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.4 310.6 309.6 307.2 299.8 309.2 309.2 310.6 1.4

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,042.9 5,118.9 5,136.5 5,130.7 5,052.5 5,110.2 5,126.1 5,138.8 12.7

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,325.6 3,358.1 3,367.1 3,341.3 3,339.2 3,352.1 3,354.5 3,354.7 0.2

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,632.8 1,626.0 1,625.1 1,611.7 1,636.7 1,621.9 1,618.3 1,616.2 -2.1

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 621.2 632.7 636.1 631.7 624.2 632.6 635.3 634.4 -0.9

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.2 929.3 934.8 927.9 911.7 927.6 930.1 932.3 2.2

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 164.4 170.1 171.1 170.0 166.7 169.9 170.9 171.8 0.9

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,731.2 3,832.3 3,832.0 3,815.6 3,738.3 3,818.5 3,821.3 3,826.5 5.2

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,300.0 2,369.8 2,367.9 2,360.8 2,307.2 2,366.5 2,366.3 2,370.0 3.7

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 167.9 169.6 172.0 171.5 167.6 170.3 170.5 171.0 0.5

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 335.5 344.2 343.8 340.6 340.3 343.9 344.5 345.5 1.0

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927.8 948.7 948.3 942.7 923.2 937.7 940.0 940.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,124 15,877 15,864 15,454 15,906 16,176 16,213 16,248 35

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,029.0 2,172.2 2,174.5 2,077.5 2,300.5 2,343.7 2,352.5 2,354.8 2.3

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 420.0 477.4 476.0 429.2 478.9 494.0 496.8 492.6 -4.2

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.9 163.7 163.1 155.2 162.0 169.8 171.5 171.5 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Change

from:

Dec.2017 -

Jan.2018p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,462.1 1,531.1 1,535.4 1,493.1 1,659.6 1,679.9 1,684.2 1,690.7 6.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,094.7 13,704.9 13,689.5 13,376.9 13,605.7 13,832.6 13,860.6 13,893.1 32.5

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,882.6 1,955.2 1,948.8 1,913.8 1,983.5 2,013.3 2,014.1 2,015.5 1.4

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,212.1 11,749.7 11,740.7 11,463.1 11,622.2 11,819.3 11,846.5 11,877.6 31.1

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,656 5,809 5,804 5,755 5,729 5,817 5,825 5,831 6

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,283.7 1,312.2 1,310.4 1,299.4 1,299.3 1,316.9 1,317.6 1,315.7 -1.9

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,440.9 1,507.6 1,510.0 1,493.1 1,462.6 1,505.6 1,510.0 1,515.8 5.8

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,931.1 2,989.1 2,983.8 2,962.1 2,967.4 2,994.7 2,997.7 2,999.4 1.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,171 22,813 22,673 22,181 22,313 22,330 22,324 22,328 4

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,800.0 2,796.0 2,810.0 2,792.0 2,814.0 2,803.0 2,797.0 2,802.0 5.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,188.6 2,182.2 2,180.1 2,177.7 2,198.1 2,186.8 2,182.4 2,185.2 2.8

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.1 613.3 630.2 614.0 616.0 616.2 614.5 617.1 2.6

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,059.0 5,316.0 5,238.0 5,013.0 5,153.0 5,129.0 5,125.0 5,114.0 -11.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,384.7 2,655.4 2,581.3 2,372.1 2,467.9 2,462.2 2,459.9 2,459.7 -0.2

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,674.0 2,660.9 2,656.2 2,641.3 2,684.9 2,667.1 2,664.6 2,654.7 -9.9

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,312.0 14,701.0 14,625.0 14,376.0 14,346.0 14,398.0 14,402.0 14,412.0 10.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,013.3 8,283.7 8,239.8 8,032.5 7,910.0 7,934.0 7,933.4 7,933.1 -0.3

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,298.9 6,416.9 6,385.3 6,343.8 6,436.4 6,464.4 6,468.6 6,478.4 9.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.3

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.5 40.5 40.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.9 45.5 45.7 45.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.1 39.4 39.0

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.6

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.3 41.4 41.3 41.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.0 40.3 39.9 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.3 34.7 34.5 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 39.2 39.3 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 31.3 31.1 30.6

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.9 38.6 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 42.1 41.9 41.9

Information......................................................................... 36.4 36.0 36.2 35.7

Financial activities................................................................ 37.3 37.6 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.1 36.0 36.0

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 32.9 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.7 31.8 31.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Total private............................................... $25.99 $26.54 $26.65 $26.74 $894.06 $915.63 $919.43 $917.18

Goods-producing....................................... 27.27 27.77 27.86 27.89 1,098.98 1,124.69 1,128.33 1,121.18

Mining and logging.................................. 32.24 32.23 32.24 32.35 1,415.34 1,466.47 1,473.37 1,462.22

Construction.......................................... 28.51 29.20 29.30 29.33 1,114.74 1,141.72 1,154.42 1,143.87

Manufacturing........................................ 26.33 26.72 26.80 26.83 1,074.26 1,092.85 1,093.44 1,089.30

Durable goods.................................... 27.59 28.02 28.06 28.09 1,139.47 1,160.03 1,158.88 1,151.69

Nondurable goods................................ 24.19 24.53 24.65 24.68 967.60 988.56 983.54 984.73

Private service-providing.............................. 25.70 26.25 26.37 26.47 853.24 874.13 878.12 878.80

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.59 22.92 23.04 23.10 774.84 795.32 794.88 790.02

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.94 30.19 30.30 30.21 1,164.67 1,183.45 1,190.79 1,178.19

Retail trade........................................ 18.01 18.25 18.34 18.41 556.51 571.23 570.37 563.35

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.54 24.12 24.24 24.29 911.00 938.27 935.66 937.59

Utilities............................................. 38.99 39.55 39.55 39.73 1,657.08 1,665.06 1,657.15 1,664.69

Information........................................... 37.56 38.57 38.73 38.94 1,367.18 1,388.52 1,402.03 1,390.16

Financial activities................................... 32.62 33.72 33.94 33.99 1,216.73 1,267.87 1,276.14 1,278.02

Professional and business services.............. 31.23 31.87 32.00 32.18 1,127.40 1,150.51 1,152.00 1,158.48

Education and health services..................... 25.99 26.58 26.67 26.78 855.07 874.48 880.11 883.74

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.23 15.63 15.70 15.73 395.98 407.94 411.34 408.98

Other services....................................... 23.52 24.17 24.22 24.24 747.94 766.19 770.20 765.98

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2017 -

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2017 -

Jan.

2018p

Total private..................................... 106.5 108.3 108.5 108.0 -0.5 132.4 137.5 138.2 138.1 -0.1

Goods-producing............................. 91.3 93.4 93.7 93.2 -0.5 112.5 117.3 118.0 117.5 -0.4

Mining and logging........................ 89.1 99.7 100.2 100.0 -0.2 115.3 129.0 129.7 129.9 0.2

Construction................................ 92.6 94.8 95.9 95.4 -0.5 114.8 120.2 122.1 121.6 -0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 90.8 92.1 92.0 91.7 -0.3 111.2 114.5 114.7 114.4 -0.3

Durable goods........................... 89.5 90.8 90.8 90.4 -0.4 109.7 113.0 113.2 112.7 -0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 93.2 95.1 94.2 94.1 -0.1 114.4 118.4 117.8 117.9 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 110.5 112.4 112.5 112.3 -0.2 138.1 143.3 144.1 144.4 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 102.4 104.2 103.6 102.8 -0.8 124.5 128.5 128.4 127.8 -0.5

Wholesale trade......................... 99.8 101.5 101.9 101.3 -0.6 124.7 127.9 128.9 127.7 -0.9

Retail trade.............................. 99.9 101.0 100.2 98.7 -1.5 118.9 121.9 121.5 120.1 -1.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 113.0 116.4 115.7 116.0 0.3 135.0 142.5 142.4 143.0 0.4

Utilities.................................... 102.4 101.0 100.5 100.3 -0.2 131.9 131.9 131.4 131.6 0.2

Information................................. 93.4 91.4 91.9 90.4 -1.6 124.9 125.5 126.7 125.4 -1.0

Financial activities......................... 102.6 104.7 104.8 104.9 0.1 130.5 137.7 138.7 139.1 0.3

Professional and business services..... 115.0 117.2 117.0 117.2 0.2 145.4 151.4 151.7 152.8 0.7

Education and health services........... 123.3 125.4 126.0 126.2 0.2 154.2 160.4 161.7 162.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 118.0 120.5 121.2 120.5 -0.6 145.0 151.9 153.5 153.0 -0.3

Other services............................. 105.0 106.3 106.8 106.2 -0.6 135.4 140.8 141.8 141.1 -0.5

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,213 73,031 73,116 73,238 49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private............................................ 59,419 60,207 60,286 60,404 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,355 4,452 4,459 4,470 21.9 22.0 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging............................... 92 92 91 93 14.2 13.2 13.0 13.2

Construction....................................... 863 897 901 908 12.6 12.8 12.8 12.8

Manufacturing..................................... 3,400 3,463 3,467 3,469 27.5 27.7 27.6 27.6

Durable goods.................................. 1,804 1,828 1,831 1,832 23.4 23.5 23.4 23.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,596 1,635 1,636 1,637 34.2 34.6 34.6 34.6

Private service-providing........................... 55,064 55,755 55,827 55,934 53.2 53.2 53.2 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,106 11,056 11,052 11,060 40.5 40.1 40.0 40.0

Wholesale trade................................ 1,737.0 1,752.2 1,755.9 1,760.9 29.5 29.5 29.5 29.6

Retail trade..................................... 7,989.4 7,892.4 7,884.1 7,887.1 50.2 49.7 49.7 49.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,250.6 1,283.6 1,284.8 1,285.6 24.5 24.6 24.5 24.5

Utilities........................................... 128.9 127.6 127.3 126.4 23.2 23.0 23.0 22.8

Information......................................... 1,122 1,096 1,095 1,091 39.9 39.4 39.4 39.3

Financial activities................................ 4,766 4,800 4,798 4,804 56.8 56.5 56.4 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,099 9,313 9,319 9,336 44.9 45.1 45.1 45.1

Education and health services.................. 17,696 17,964 17,989 18,033 77.1 76.9 76.9 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,261 8,447 8,486 8,516 51.9 52.2 52.3 52.4

Other services..................................... 3,014 3,079 3,088 3,094 52.6 52.9 53.0 53.1

Government............................................. 12,794 12,824 12,830 12,834 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Total private............................................................................... 101,690 103,119 103,239 103,403

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,329 14,559 14,615 14,677

Mining and logging.................................................................. 461 511 517 521

Construction.......................................................................... 5,192 5,255 5,289 5,324

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,676 8,793 8,809 8,832

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,296 5,348 5,361 5,386

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,380 3,445 3,448 3,446

Private service-providing.............................................................. 87,361 88,560 88,624 88,726

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,080 23,307 23,308 23,341

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,702.0 4,757.3 4,767.1 4,774.4

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,503.3 13,550.0 13,527.7 13,539.6

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,427.7 4,553.7 4,567.2 4,581.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 447.3 445.5 446.4 445.3

Information............................................................................ 2,269 2,235 2,236 2,231

Financial activities................................................................... 6,533 6,609 6,611 6,612

Professional and business services............................................... 16,569 16,840 16,840 16,845

Education and health services..................................................... 20,154 20,511 20,538 20,577

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,012 14,250 14,277 14,301

Other services........................................................................ 4,744 4,808 4,814 4,819

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 41.3 41.3 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.5 46.6 46.6 46.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 39.6 40.0 39.6

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.9 41.9 41.7 41.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.3 42.3 42.1 42.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.3 41.4 41.1 41.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 34.0 33.9 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 39.2 39.1 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 29.9 30.4 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 38.4 38.3 38.2

Utilities........................................................................... 43.2 42.5 42.3 42.6

Information......................................................................... 35.9 35.6 35.8 35.4

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 36.9 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.4 35.3 35.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.3 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.9 25.0 24.9

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.7 30.8 30.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Total private............................................... $21.81 $22.23 $22.31 $22.34 $732.82 $749.15 $751.85 $750.62

Goods-producing....................................... 22.86 23.41 23.54 23.60 941.83 966.83 972.20 969.96

Mining and logging.................................. 27.39 27.47 27.82 27.89 1,246.25 1,280.10 1,296.41 1,302.46

Construction.......................................... 26.36 26.99 27.08 27.12 1,041.22 1,068.80 1,083.20 1,073.95

Manufacturing........................................ 20.63 21.12 21.22 21.31 864.40 884.93 884.87 888.63

Durable goods.................................... 21.63 22.11 22.19 22.28 914.95 935.25 934.20 937.99

Nondurable goods................................ 19.02 19.56 19.67 19.77 785.53 809.78 808.44 812.55

Private service-providing.............................. 21.59 21.99 22.05 22.08 699.52 714.68 714.42 715.39

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.17 19.50 19.54 19.55 644.11 663.00 662.41 660.79

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.47 24.82 24.84 24.87 949.44 972.94 971.24 967.44

Retail trade........................................ 15.22 15.45 15.50 15.47 455.08 469.68 469.65 468.74

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.94 21.56 21.56 21.65 808.28 827.90 825.75 827.03

Utilities............................................. 36.10 36.10 36.15 36.46 1,559.52 1,534.25 1,529.15 1,553.20

Information........................................... 30.37 31.03 30.95 31.00 1,090.28 1,104.67 1,108.01 1,097.40

Financial activities................................... 26.32 26.65 26.84 26.75 971.21 983.39 990.40 987.08

Professional and business services.............. 25.75 26.22 26.29 26.35 911.55 928.19 928.04 924.89

Education and health services..................... 22.81 23.23 23.30 23.41 734.48 750.33 750.26 753.80

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.15 13.52 13.61 13.61 326.12 336.65 340.25 338.89

Other services....................................... 19.74 20.41 20.44 20.44 607.99 626.59 629.55 625.46

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2017 -

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017p

Jan.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2017 -

Jan.

2018p

Total private..................................... 113.8 115.8 115.9 115.8 -0.1 165.9 172.0 172.8 172.8 0.0

Goods-producing............................. 90.2 91.9 92.2 92.2 0.0 126.3 131.7 132.9 133.2 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 111.5 126.5 128.0 129.3 1.0 177.6 202.2 207.1 209.7 1.3

Construction................................ 102.7 104.2 105.9 105.6 -0.3 146.2 151.9 154.9 154.6 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 83.4 84.6 84.3 84.5 0.2 112.6 116.8 117.0 117.8 0.7

Durable goods........................... 84.2 85.0 84.8 85.2 0.5 113.7 117.4 117.5 118.5 0.9

Nondurable goods...................... 82.2 84.0 83.5 83.4 -0.1 110.5 116.2 116.1 116.6 0.4

Private service-providing.................... 120.5 122.6 122.3 122.4 0.1 178.5 184.8 184.9 185.4 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 108.1 110.5 110.2 110.0 -0.2 147.8 153.7 153.5 153.4 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 107.4 109.8 109.8 109.4 -0.4 154.9 160.6 160.6 160.2 -0.2

Retail trade.............................. 102.2 104.3 103.8 103.8 0.0 133.3 138.1 137.8 137.7 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 128.7 131.6 131.7 131.7 0.0 170.9 180.0 180.1 180.9 0.4

Utilities.................................... 98.8 96.8 96.6 97.0 0.4 148.9 145.9 145.7 147.6 1.3

Information................................. 93.0 90.8 91.4 90.1 -1.4 139.8 139.5 140.0 138.3 -1.2

Financial activities......................... 113.5 114.8 114.8 114.9 0.1 183.8 188.2 189.6 189.0 -0.3

Professional and business services..... 131.5 133.6 133.2 132.5 -0.5 201.4 208.5 208.4 207.8 -0.3

Education and health services........... 138.4 141.3 141.0 141.3 0.2 208.3 216.6 216.8 218.3 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 127.3 130.0 130.7 130.4 -0.2 190.1 199.6 202.1 201.6 -0.2

Other services............................. 102.5 103.5 104.0 103.4 -0.6 147.4 153.9 154.9 154.0 -0.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.