TEXT
Table 1.  Rate changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in wages under current
Table 2.  Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation
Table 3.  Rate changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
Table 4.  Rate changes:  Percent distribution of workers under private
Table 5.  Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
Table 6.  Rate changes:  Percent distribution of workers under
Table 7.  Rate changes:  Selected characteristics of settlements covering
Table 8.  Rate changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
Table 9.  Rate changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
Table 10.  Cost changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of
Table 11.  Cost changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of
Table 12.  Cost changes:  Percent distribution of workers in
Table 13.  Rate changes:  Average changes in wages in private
Table 14.  Rate changes:  Average changes in wages in private industry

 
 
Technical Information:                 USDL:  94-362
Janice Devine (202) 606-6276           FOR RELEASE:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Fehmida Sleemi (202) 606-6282          Tuesday, July 26,
1994 Media Contact:  (202) 606-5902
 
 
    MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS
    IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY, SECOND QUARTER 1994
 
 
    Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry
during the second quarter of 1994 called for annual changes in wage rates
over the contract term that were lower, on average, than were specified in
the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of
Labor Statistics reported today.  With the exception of the third quarter
of 1992, this relationship has existed since the first quarter of 1992.
The Bureau's series on major collective bargaining statistics covers
bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers.
 
Wage rate changes under settlements
 
    Settlements in the second quarter of 1994 specified wage rate
changes averaging an increase of 2.3 percent in the first year of the
agreements and 2.4 percent annually over the term of the contracts.  (See
tables 1 and 2.) Corresponding changes in agreements they replaced (which
were primarily negotiated in 1991) were increases of 2.9 percent and 3.0
percent.  (Lump-sum payments and cost-of-living adjustments are not
included in specified wage rate changes.) During the quarter, 143
settlements, covering 627,000 workers, were concluded.  Settlements in
construction, trucking, apparel manufacturing, food stores, and real estate
accounted for three-fourths of the workers.
 
    Fifteen agreements, covering 98,000 workers, contained newly
negotiated cash lump-sum provisions.  Such provisions were maintained in
seven agreements for 20,000 workers and discontinued in seven agreements
for 23,000 workers.  As of June 30, 1994, lump-sum provisions covered 42
percent of the 5.4 million workers under all major collective bargaining
contracts in private industry, up from 39 percent at the end of 1993 and 36
percent at the end of 1992.  From the end of 1987, when lump-sum
information was first compiled, through the fourth quarter of 1991,
lump-sum coverage was between 40 and 43 percent.
 
    Twenty-nine agreements reached in the second quarter of 1994,
covering 177,000 workers, retained their cost-of-living adjustment clauses
(COLAs), while one agreement for 4,000 workers added COLA coverage, and one
agreement covering 1,000 workers dropped it.  As of June 30, COLA
provisions covered 24 percent of the 5.4 million workers under major
collective bargaining contracts, the same as at the end of 1993, but down
from 28 percent at the end of 1992 and 30 percent at the end of 1991.  COLA
coverage had been about 40 percent from 1987 through 1990.
 
    Workers under second-quarter settlements accounted for 30 percent
of the 2.1 million workers under the 362 settlements reached in the 12
months ended June 30, 1994.  (See table 3.) On average, settlements during
this period specified a lower wage rate change over their term than the
contracts being replaced--an annual increase of 2.1 percent compared with
2.8 percent.  (See the chart.) This has been the pattern in all but one of
the last nine 4-quarter periods.  Over their term, agreements reached
during the year ended June 30, specified wage rate increases for 92 percent
of the workers and no wage change for almost all the other workers.  (See
table 4.) These contracts had the longest average duration--37
months--recorded since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began publishing this
measure in 1972.  (See table 7.)
 
    Fifty-eight percent of the workers under settlements reached during
the 4-quarter period ended June 30, had either a cash lump-sum payment
provision or a COLA clause or both.  Their wage changes over the contract
term averaged an increase of 2.0 percent annually compared with 2.2 percent
for workers in settlements with neither provision.  Lump-sum payments are
not part of the ongoing rate structure and, therefore, are excluded from
the rate data.  Such payments, however, are included in measures of
compensation cost changes discussed in the next section.  Potential wage
changes from COLA clauses depend on future price changes and, therefore,
are excluded from both rate and cost data.  (See the Explanatory Note.)
 
    Lump-sum payment and COLA provisions typically are negotiated more
frequently for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing workers.  During the
year ended June 30, cash lump-sum payment and/or COLA provisions covered 86
percent of the workers in manufacturing settlements compared with 42
percent in nonmanufacturing.  For all manufacturing settlements, the wage
rate change averaged an annual increase of 1.5 percent over the contract
term.  Settlements with cash lump-sum and/or COLA provisions called for
wage rate changes averaging an increase of 1.4 percent annually over the
life of the agreement compared with 2.3 percent in settlements with neither
provision.
 
    Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in the year ended June 30,
called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.4 percent annually
over their life.  Contrary to the pattern in manufacturing, settlements
with lump-sum and/or COLA provisions had higher annual wage changes than
those with neither provision--an increase of 2.8 percent over the contract
term compared with 2.2 percent.
 
Compensation cost changes under settlements
 
    The BLS data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for employee
compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more workers.
Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash and benefit
lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of compensation rate
changes.  Lump-sum payments and the timing are not taken into account in
the rate measure.  See the Explanatory Note for a more detailed description
of the cost series.
 
    Sixty-three percent of the 627,000 workers covered by all major
settlements negotiated in the second quarter of 1994 were covered by
settlements for 5,000 workers or more.  These settlements provided total
compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.9 percent annually
over the life of the contract.  (See table 10.) Annual cost changes over
the contract term averaged 1.4 percent for both wages alone and cash
payments (wages and cash lump-sum payments) to workers.  Annual cost
changes for benefits averaged 2.7 percent.
 
    Seventy-two percent (1.5 million) of the workers under all major
settlements negotiated in the year ended June 30, 1994, were covered under
settlements for 5,000 or more workers.  These settlements provided total
compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.7 percent annually
over the contract term.  Over the contract term, annual changes averaged
increases of 1.3 percent for both wages alone and for cash payments
(including wages and cash lump-sum payments) and 2.2 percent for benefit
costs.
 
    Fifty-three percent of the workers under settlements for 5,000 or
more workers reached in the year ended June 30, could receive compensation
increases beyond those specified in the settlement from contingent pay
provisions.  Examples of such provisions include COLA clauses and lump-sum
provisions that call for a payment only if company profits exceed a
specified amount.  Potential payments under these provisions are excluded
from the series.  Annual compensation cost changes over the contract term
averaged an increase of 1.7 percent in settlements with contingent pay
provisions and 1.6 percent in those without such provisions.  (See table
11.)
 
Wage rate changes under all major contracts
 
    In addition to data just presented on changes in rates and costs
under settlements, the Bureau compiled information on wage rate changes
during the second quarter of 1994 under all major contracts.  (See table
13.) Wage changes averaged an increase of 0.8 percent--0.2 percent from
settlements reached during the quarter, 0.6 percent from agreements reached
earlier, and 0.1 percent from COLAs.
 
    Approximately 5.4 million workers were covered by these contracts.
About 2 million workers had their wages increased, another 3.4 million
workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the same
during the second quarter, and 14,000 workers had wage decreases.
 
    Wage rate increases during the second quarter of 1994 stemmed from
one or more of the following:  1) Settlements reached in 1994 which
provided increases in the quarter averaging 2.7 percent for 409,000
workers; 2) contracts negotiated before 1994 that specified increases in
the quarter averaging 3.3 percent for 963,000 workers; and 3) COLA
provisions, which yielded average increases of 0.5 percent for 652,000
workers.  About 117,000 additional workers had COLA reviews which did not
produce a wage change, largely because movement in the BLS Consumer Price
Index was insufficient to trigger one.  COLA reviews during the second
quarter of 1994 generated average wage rate changes that amounted to 68
percent of the CPI movement during the review period.
 
Third-quarter 1994 activity
 
    During July-September 1994, 247,000 workers are under 76 major
agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations.  Just over
50 percent of these workers are in the apparel manufacturing, construction,
services, and food store industries.  In addition, there are 333,000
workers under 97 agreements that expired or were reopened, but had not been
renegotiated or ratified prior to July 1, 1994.  Forty-seven percent of
these workers are employed in the construction industry or involved in the
manufacture of electrical, primary metal, or food products.
 
    In the third quarter, 1,157,000 workers are scheduled for wage
increases averaging 3.5 percent under provisions of agreements negotiated
prior to 1994, and about 88,000 are slated for increases averaging 3.4
percent under agreements reached during 1994.  COLA reviews are scheduled
for 821,000 workers during the quarter.
 
 
 
EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA
 
    This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with
1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries.  It is limited to
production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory workers
in nonmanufacturing.  About 7.1 percent of the employed production and
nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding households) are
covered by a major bargaining agreement.
 
Wage and compensation changes under settlements
 
    The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how
much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from
existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements reached
during specified reference periods.
 
    Compensation rates include:  Straight-time pay for time worked;
premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave;
life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other
retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits.
Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part of
the ongoing rate structure.
 
    Compensation costs include:  All items covered by compensation
rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are excluded
from rate data.
 
    Wage and compensation rate changes:  The rate change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior to
the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at the
end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure) or at
its expiration date (over-the-life measure).  (The over-the-life measure is
expressed as an annual average change.) The average rate change for all
settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate change for each
settlement by the number of workers under the settlement.  Next, the
resulting products are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number
of workers under all settlements.  The result is the average change for all
settlements.
 
    Compensation cost changes:  The compensation cost change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of
compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum payments
made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to the start of
a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per work hour under
the settlement.  The average cost of compensation under the settlement is
calculated in two steps, as follows:  1) Each hourly compensation rate
(excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the number of hours it is to
be paid during the agreement; the products are summed; and the total is
divided by the number of work hours over the agreement term.  The result is
the cost per work hour of compensation excluding specified lump-sum
payments.  2) The cost per work hour of specified lump-sum payments is
computed by dividing the total amount of any cash and benefit lump sums by
the total number of work hours over the agreement term.  The sum of the
results of steps 1 and 2 is the estimated average cost of compensation per
work hour over the term of the new agreement.  The percent difference
between this amount and the average cost at the end of the expiring
agreement is the average cost change under the settlement.
 
    The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by
multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the number
of workers under the settlement.  The results are summed, and the sum is
divided by the total number of workers under all settlements.
 
    The following example illustrates one of the major differences
between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series.  Two
agreements (A and B) expire.  At expiration, compensation under each
agreement is $10 an hour.  The agreements are replaced by new settlements
that run for 1 year.  The settlement replacing agreement A immediately
increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour.  The settlement
replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for the first 6 months
and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour.
 
    The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating
the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old agreement
and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and computing the
percent change.  Thus, it measures each settlement as providing a 5-percent
($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1 year term.
 
    The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing
employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were
under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows:
When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the
year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10).  Under the
settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the
employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the
year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000.  Under the settlement
replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would pay
for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or
$20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000.  Thus, the
cost series reflects the influence of timing of changes during the
agreement term which the rate series does not reflect.
 
    For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and
how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A New
Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review, August
1990, pp.  11-18.
 
    Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or
decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future
changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement.  The data do,
however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the
agreement was reached and specified to be implemented later) because they
are not tied to subsequent price movements.  Similarly, data on cost
changes exclude contingent lump-sum payments (such as those tied to future
profit levels or productivity increases) but include lump-sum payments
guaranteed by the settlement.
 
    Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions
existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force or
methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of the
agreement.
 
Wage rate changes under all contracts
 
    The series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates
average wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements
reached during the calendar year as well as under major agreements reached
earlier and remaining in force during the period.
 
    The average change under all contracts in force during a period is
computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the
number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by the
total number of workers under all contracts.
 
    The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and
zero changes during the reference period.  Rate increases and decreases
stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or
decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with increases
or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses.  (Although wage
increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not incorporated into base
wage rates under all agreements, they are included in the wage rate change
measure for all contracts.)
 
    Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on changes in the
Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the agreement.
 
    Data for 1994 are preliminary and may be revised if additional
information is obtained.  Final data will be available in the Spring of
1995.
 
    Additional historical information is available from the Office of
Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, DC 20212-0001.
 
    Data on major public sector collective bargaining settlements are
developed separately and issued semi-annually.  Data for the first half of
1994 are scheduled to be released in August 1994.
 
    Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-606-7828, TDD phone:
202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number:  1-800-326-2577.
 
 
   Major private industry collective bargaining
   settlements data for the third quarter of 1994 and
   for the year ended September 30, 1994 will be
   released on October 25, 1994, at 10:00 AM (EDT).
 
 
 
Table 1.  Rate changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in wages under current
and replaced private industry collective bargaining settlements covering
1,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods
 
(in percent)
 
 
                                         1992              1993              1994
              Measure
 
                                      III    IV    I     II   III    IV   I(2) II(3)
 
 
                                                   Quarterly averages
 
 
First year change(4)
  Current settlements...............   2.9   1.8   2.5   2.5   1.1   2.8   3.1   2.3
  Replaced settlements..............   3.1   4.9   4.4   4.0   3.6   3.4   5.5   2.9
Annual change over the contract
   term(5)
  Current settlements...............   3.1   2.6   2.7   2.5   1.7   2.0   2.5   2.4
  Replaced settlements..............   2.8   4.0   3.8   3.5   3.0   2.2   3.7   3.0
 
 
                                                   Four quarters ended
 
 
First year change(4)
  Current settlements...............   3.1   2.7   2.6   2.5   2.0   2.3   2.4   2.3
  Replaced settlements..............   3.3   3.6   3.6   3.9   4.1   3.7   3.9   3.5
Annual change over the contract
   term(5)
  Current settlements...............   3.1   3.0   2.9   2.7   2.3   2.1   2.1   2.1
  Replaced settlements..............   3.1   3.4   3.3   3.4   3.5   2.9   2.9   2.8
 
  1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.  All measures exclude any
cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
  2 Preliminary revised.
  3 Preliminary.
  4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months
of the contract effective date.
  5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual
rate over the life of the contract.
 
 
 
 
Table 2.  Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation
in private industry collective bargaining settlements, second
quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
 
(in percent)
 
 
                                                                Annual      Number of
                    Measure                      First-year   change over    workers     Number of
                                                  change(2)  the contract    (000's)    settlements
                                                                term(3)
 
Wage changes in settlements
   covering 1,000 workers or more:
      All industries...........................      2.3          2.4           627         143
        With COLA clauses......................      3.2          2.7           181          30
        Without COLA clauses...................      1.9          2.3           446         113
        With lump-sum provisions...............      2.8          2.4           122          23
        Without lump-sum provisions............      2.2          2.4           505         120
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      3.1          2.6           247          48
        With neither lump sums nor COLA........      1.8          2.3           380          95
      Manufacturing............................      3.0          2.5           148          41
        With COLA clauses......................      3.3          2.7           108          24
        Without COLA clauses...................      2.3          2.0            40          17
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      3.0          2.5           130          30
        With neither lump sums nor COLA........      3.4          2.5            18          11
      Nonmanufacturing.........................      2.0          2.4           479         102
        With COLA clauses......................      3.1          2.7            73           6
        Without COLA clauses...................      1.9          2.3           405          96
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      3.2          2.8           117          18
        With neither lump sums nor COLA........      1.7          2.2           362          84
      Construction.............................      1.0          2.2           215          60
        Contracts without COLA clauses.........      1.0          2.2           215          60
      All industries excluding construction....      3.0          2.5           412          83
        Contracts with COLA clauses............      3.2          2.7           181          30
        Contracts without COLA clauses.........      2.8          2.4           231          53
      Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..      2.9          2.5           264          42
        Contracts with COLA clauses............      3.1          2.7            73           6
        Contracts without COLA clauses.........      2.9          2.4           191          36
      Goods-producing..........................      1.8          2.3           363         101
      Service-producing........................      2.9          2.5           264          42
 
Compensation changes in settlements
   covering 5,000 workers or more:
      All industries...........................      3.5          2.9           395          22
        With COLA clauses......................      6.0          3.9           134           7
        Without COLA clauses...................      2.1          2.4           261          15
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      5.6          3.9           161           9
        With neither lump sums nor COLA........      1.9          2.3           234          13
      Manufacturing............................      4.6          3.5            78           6
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      4.6          3.5            78           6
      Nonmanufacturing.........................      3.2          2.8           317          16
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      6.6          4.2            83           3
        With neither lump sums nor COLA........      1.9          2.3           234          13
      Construction.............................      (4)          1.4           120           9
      All industries excluding construction....      4.9          3.6           276          13
      Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..      5.1          3.6           198           7
      Goods-producing..........................      1.8          2.3           198          15
      Service-producing........................      5.1          3.6           198           7
 
  1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.  The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions.  All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
  2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
  3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
  4 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE:  Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.  Other
detailed industry data do not meet publication standards for the third quarter of 1993.
 
 
 
Table 3.  Rate changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, four
quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
 
(in percent)
 
 
                                                                Annual      Number of
                    Measure                      First-year   change over    workers     Number of
                                                  change(2)  the contract    (000's)    settlements
                                                                term(3)
 
Wage changes in settlements
   covering 1,000 workers or more:
      All industries...........................      2.3          2.1         2,109         362
        With COLA clauses......................      3.0          1.5           641          53
        Without COLA clauses...................      2.0          2.3         1,468         309
        With lump-sum provisions...............      2.8          1.9         1,071          94
        Without lump-sum provisions............      1.9          2.3         1,039         268
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      2.8          2.0         1,213         125
        With neither lump sums nor COLA........      1.6          2.2           897         237
      Manufacturing............................      2.7          1.5           761         106
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      2.7          1.4           653          69
        With neither lump sums nor COLA........      2.8          2.3           108          37
      Nonmanufacturing.........................      2.1          2.4         1,349         256
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      3.0          2.8           560          56
        With neither lump sums nor COLA........      1.5          2.2           789         200
      Construction.............................      1.6          2.4           380         124
      All industries excluding construction....      2.5          2.0         1,730         238
      Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..      2.3          2.4           969         132
      Goods-producing..........................      2.4          1.8         1,212         234
      Service-producing........................      2.2          2.5           897         128
 
Compensation changes in settlements
   covering 5,000 workers or more:
      All industries...........................      3.1          2.4         1,513          68
        With COLA clauses......................      3.7          1.9           553          13
        Without COLA clauses...................      2.8          2.7           960          55
        With lump-sum provisions...............      3.3          2.2           918          27
        Without lump-sum provisions............      2.9          2.7           595          41
        With either lump sums, COLA, or both...      3.6          2.4         1,005          32
        With neither lump sums nor COLA........      2.1          2.3           508          36
      Manufacturing............................      3.4          1.7           584          18
      Nonmanufacturing.........................      2.9          2.8           929          50
      Construction.............................      1.2          2.1           162          14
      All industries excluding construction....      3.3          2.4         1,351          54
      Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..      3.3          3.0           767          36
      Goods-producing..........................      3.0          1.8           813          34
      Service-producing........................      3.2          3.1           699          34
 
  1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.  The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions.  All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
  2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
  3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE:  Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
 
 
 
Table 4.  Rate changes:  Percent distribution of workers under private
industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more
by change(1) in wages, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994
(preliminary)
 
 
                                                              All           Manu-        Nonmanu-
                                                          industries      facturing      facturing
                        Measure
 
                                                                    First-year change(2)
 
Number of workers (in thousands).......................      2,109            761          1,349
 
 
Percent of workers
  All settlements......................................       100            100            100
 
     No wage change....................................        19             15             21
     Decreases(3)......................................         2              0              4
     Increases.........................................        79             85             75
        Under 2 percent................................         8              2             11
        2 and under 4 percent..........................        48             68             36
        4 percent and over ............................        23             15             28
 
 
Changes (in percent):
  Mean change..........................................       2.3            2.7            2.1
  Median change........................................       3.0            3.1            3.0
 
  Mean increase........................................       3.2            3.2            3.3
  Median increase......................................       3.1            3.1            3.2
 
 
                                                           Annual change over the contract term(4)
 
Number of workers (in thousands).......................      2,109            761          1,349
 
 
Percent of workers
  All settlements......................................       100            100            100
 
     No wage change....................................         8              6              8
     Decreases(3)......................................         1              0              1
     Increases.........................................        92             94             91
        Under 2 percent................................        45             71             30
        2 and under 3 percent..........................        16              4             22
        3 and under 4 percent..........................        25             16             30
        4 percent and over.............................         6              2              9
 
 
Changes (in percent):
  Mean change..........................................       2.1            1.5            2.4
  Median change........................................       1.9            1.0            2.2
 
  Mean increase........................................       2.3            1.6            2.7
  Median increase......................................       2.0            1.0            2.5
 
  1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change.  Mean and median
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase.  Data exclude lump-sum payments and
potential changes from COLA clauses.
  2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
  3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
  4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE:  Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
 
 
 
Table 5.  Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000
workers or more by change(1) in compensation, four quarters ended
with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
 
 
                   Measure                    First-year change(2)
 
 
Total number of workers (in thousands).......         1,513
 
Percent of workers
 
  All settlements............................          100
 
     No change...............................            9
     Decreases(3)............................            4
     Increases...............................           87
        Under 2 percent......................           16
        2 and under 4 percent................           35
        4 percent and over...................           37
 
Changes (in percent):
  Mean change................................          3.1
  Median change..............................          3.2
 
  Mean increase..............................          3.8
  Median increase............................          3.6
 
 
                                               Annual change over
                                              the contract term(4)
 
 
Total number of workers (in thousands).......         1,513
 
Percent of workers
 
  All settlements............................          100
 
     No change...............................            2
     Decreases(3)............................            2
     Increases...............................           96
        Under 2 percent......................           43
        2 and under 3 percent................           16
        3 percent and over...................           37
 
Changes (in percent):
  Mean change................................          2.4
  Median change..............................          2.0
 
  Mean increase..............................          2.5
  Median increase............................          2.0
 
  1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and
zero change.  Mean and median increases refer to only those
settlements with a net increase.  Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
  2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective
within 12 months of the contract effective date.
  3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
  4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as
an average annual rate over the life of the contract.
NOTE:  Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items
may not equal totals.
 
 
 
Table 6.  Rate changes:  Percent distribution of workers under
construction collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or
more by change(1) in compensation and wages, four quarters ended with the
second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
 
 
                                                                       First-year change(2)
                          Measure
 
                                                                 Compensation        Wages alone
 
 
Total number of workers (in thousands)......................          380                 380
 
Percent of workers
 
  All settlements...........................................         100                 100
 
     No change..............................................          30                  44
     Decreases(3)...........................................           4                   2
     Increases..............................................          66                  54
        Under 2 percent.....................................          17                  15
        2 and under 3 percent...............................          13                  18
        3 and under 4 percent...............................          20                   5
        4 and under 5 percent...............................           8                   6
        5 percent and over..................................           8                  10
 
Changes (in percent):
  Mean change...............................................          2.0                 1.6
  Median change.............................................          1.9                 1.1
 
  Mean increase.............................................          3.3                 3.4
  Median increase...........................................          3.0                 2.4
 
 
                                                             Annual change over the contract term(4)
 
 
                                                                 Compensation        Wages alone
 
 
Total number of workers (in thousands)......................          380                 380
 
Percent of workers
 
  All settlements...........................................         100                 100
 
     No change..............................................           6                  10
     Decreases(3)...........................................           3                   2
     Increases..............................................          91                  87
        Under 2 percent.....................................          35                  39
        2 and under 3 percent...............................          18                  14
        3 and under 4 percent...............................          24                  17
        4 and under 5 percent...............................           9                   8
        5 percent and over..................................           6                   9
 
Changes (in percent):
  Mean change...............................................          2.4                 2.4
  Median change.............................................          2.3                 1.9
 
  Mean increase.............................................          2.8                 2.8
  Median increase...........................................          2.6                 2.4
 
  1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change.  Mean and median
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase.  Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
  2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
  3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
  4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE:  Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
 
 
 
Table 7.  Rate changes:  Selected characteristics of settlements covering
1,000 workers or more, by duration of contract, four quarters ended with
the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
 
 
                                                                       Contract duration
 
 
                Measure                                         More than             More than
                                             All     12 months   12 and    24 months   24 and    36 months  More than
                                          contracts   or less   less than             less than             36 months
                                                                24 months             36 months
 
Number of settlements...................      362         34         17         20         57        136         98
 
Number of workers (in thousands)........    2,109         86         43         72        309        853        748
 
Average contract duration (months)......     37.0       11.9       13.9       24.0       33.2       36.0       45.1
 
Percent change in wages:(1)
 
  Annualized over the contract term.....      2.1        2.0        0.9        1.7        1.9        1.9        2.5
 
  Occurring in:
    First contract year(2)..............      2.3        1.8        1.0        1.8        2.5        2.6        2.1
    Second contract year(3).............      1.9         NA        0.2        1.6        1.5        1.6        2.7
    Third contract year(4)..............      2.1         NA         NA         NA        1.3        1.6        2.9
    Fourth contract year(5).............      1.9         NA         NA         NA         NA         NA        1.9
 
  1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.  Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA
clauses.
  2 Data are not annualized.
  3 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 12 months.  Data are not annualized.
  4 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 24 months.  Data are not annualized.
  5 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 36 months.  Data are not annualized.
  NOTE: "NA" indicates not applicable.  Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal
totals.
 
 
 
Table 8.  Rate changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, by
year and quarter
 
(in percent)
 
 
                                              Annual                  Quarterly averages
                                             averages
 
                 Measure
                                                           1992              1993              1994
                                            1992  1993
 
                                                        III    IV    I     II   III    IV   I(2) II(3)
 
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000
   workers or more:
  First year(4)
    All industries........................   2.7   2.3   2.9   1.8   2.5   2.5   1.1   2.8   3.1   2.3
     With COLA clauses....................   2.7   2.8  (5)    2.4   3.1   1.2  (5)   (5)   (5)    3.2
     Without COLA clauses.................   2.7   2.1  (5)    1.4   2.1   2.7  (5)   (5)   (5)    1.9
     With lump sums.......................   2.8   2.6   3.1   2.9   2.4   1.4  (5)   (5)    2.5   2.8
     Without lump sums....................   2.6   2.0   2.8   0.9   2.6   2.9  (5)   (5)    3.4   2.2
     With either lump sums, COLA, or both.   2.8   2.6   3.1   2.8   2.4   1.5   2.5   2.9   2.5   3.1
     With neither lump sums nor COLA......   2.6   2.0   2.8   0.8   2.6   2.9   0.2   2.7   3.4   1.8
    Manufacturing.........................   2.6   2.7   3.2  (5)    4.0   1.7  (5)   (5)    1.4   3.0
     With either lump sums, COLA, or both.   1.9   2.7  (5)   (5)    4.2   1.1  (5)   (5)    1.0   3.0
     With neither lump sums nor COLA......   3.4   2.9  (5)   (5)    3.7   2.6  (5)   (5)    2.7   3.4
    Nonmanufacturing......................   2.7   2.1   2.9  (5)    1.7   2.8  (5)   (5)    3.5   2.0
     With either lump sums, COLA, or both.   3.2   2.4  (5)   (5)    0.9   2.0  (5)   (5)    3.7   3.2
     With neither lump sums nor COLA......   2.5   1.8  (5)   (5)    2.2   3.0  (5)   (5)    3.4   1.7
    Construction..........................   2.0   2.1   1.1  (5)   (5)    2.3   1.7  (5)   (5)    1.0
    All industries excluding construction.   2.9   2.4   3.5  (5)   (5)    2.7   1.0  (5)   (5)    3.0
    Nonmanufacturing excluding
       construction.......................   3.0   2.0   3.5  (5)   (5)    3.4  (5)   (5)   (5)    2.9
    Goods-producing.......................   2.3   2.6   1.9   2.1   3.6   2.1  (5)   (5)    3.3   1.8
    Service-producing.....................   3.0   2.0   3.5   1.6   1.5   3.4  (5)   (5)    3.0   2.9
 Annual average over the contract term(6)
   All industries.........................   3.0   2.1   3.1   2.6   2.7   2.5   1.7   2.0   2.5   2.4
    With COLA clauses.....................   2.5   1.4  (5)    2.9   3.0   0.9  (5)   (5)   (5)    2.7
    Without COLA clauses..................   3.1   2.5  (5)    2.3   2.6   2.7  (5)   (5)   (5)    2.3
    With lump sums........................   2.9   1.9   3.2   3.1   2.6   1.4  (5)   (5)    1.7   2.4
    Without lump sums.....................   3.0   2.5   3.0   2.2   2.8   2.8  (5)   (5)    2.9   2.4
    With either lump sums, COLA, or both..   2.9   1.9   3.2   2.9   2.6   1.5   1.5   1.9   1.7   2.6
    With neither lump sums nor COLA.......   3.0   2.5   3.0   2.2   2.8   2.9   1.8   2.2   2.9   2.3
   Manufacturing..........................   2.6   1.5   3.0  (5)    3.5   1.3  (5)   (5)    1.7   2.5
    With either lump sums, COLA, or both..   2.0   1.3  (5)   (5)    3.7   0.6  (5)   (5)    1.3   2.5
    With neither lump sums nor COLA.......   3.2   2.5  (5)   (5)    3.2   2.4  (5)   (5)    2.9   2.5
   Nonmanufacturing.......................   3.0   2.5   3.1  (5)    2.3   2.8  (5)   (5)    2.7   2.4
    With either lump sums, COLA, or both..   3.2   2.6  (5)   (5)    1.7   2.4  (5)   (5)    2.0   2.8
    With neither lump sums nor COLA.......   3.0   2.5  (5)   (5)    2.7   2.9  (5)   (5)    2.9   2.2
   Construction...........................   2.4   2.6   2.0  (5)   (5)    2.7   2.1  (5)   (5)    2.2
   All industries excluding construction..   3.1   2.1   3.4  (5)   (5)    2.4   1.6  (5)   (5)    2.5
   Nonmanufacturing excluding construction   3.3   2.5   3.4  (5)   (5)    3.1  (5)   (5)   (5)    2.5
   Goods-producing........................   2.5   1.9   2.4   2.4   3.4   2.2  (5)   (5)    2.9   2.3
   Service-producing......................   3.3   2.6   3.4   2.6   2.1   3.1  (5)   (5)    2.2   2.5
 
Compensation changes in settlements
   covering 5,000 workers or more:
  All industries
    First year(4).........................   3.0   3.0   3.3   1.4   3.1   3.2   1.0   3.8   3.0   3.5
     With COLA clauses....................   4.1   3.2  (5)    3.3   4.3   1.7  (5)   (5)    -     6.0
     Without COLA clauses.................   2.7   2.9  (5)   -1.1   1.7   3.4  (5)   (5)    3.0   2.1
        Annual average over the contract
   term(6)................................   3.1   2.4   3.0   2.7   3.2   2.6   1.4   2.5   2.6   2.9
         With COLA clauses................   3.0   1.7  (5)    3.4   3.8   0.6  (5)   (5)    -     3.9
         Without COLA clauses.............   3.2   2.8  (5)    1.8   2.4   2.9  (5)   (5)    2.6   2.4
 
  1  Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.  The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions.  All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
  2 Preliminary revised.
  3 Preliminary.
  4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
  5 Data do not meet publication standards.
  6 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life
of the contract.
  - There were no settlements in this cell.
 
 
 
Table 9.  Rate changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements during
4-quarter periods
 
(in percent)
 
 
                                                            Four quarters ended
 
 
                 Measure                          1992                 1993              1994
 
 
                                             II   III    IV    I     II   III    IV   I(2) II(3)
 
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000
   workers or more:
  First year(4)
    All industries........................   3.2   3.1   2.7   2.6   2.5   2.0   2.3   2.4   2.3
     With COLA clauses....................   3.0   3.1   2.7   2.8   2.7   2.5   2.8   2.7   3.0
     Without COLA clauses.................   3.2   3.1   2.7   2.6   2.5   1.8   2.1   2.3   2.0
     With lump sums.......................   3.0   3.0   2.8   2.7   2.6   2.3   2.6   2.6   2.8
     Without lump sums....................   3.3   3.1   2.6   2.6   2.5   1.8   2.0   2.1   1.9
     With either lump sums, COLA, or both.   3.1   3.1   2.8   2.7   2.6   2.3   2.6   2.6   2.8
     With neither lump sums nor COLA......   3.2   3.1   2.6   2.6   2.5   1.7   2.0   2.1   1.6
    Manufacturing.........................   3.1   3.0   2.6   2.9   2.8   2.5   2.7   2.5   2.7
     With either lump sums, COLA, or both.   3.0   2.7   1.9   2.4   2.3   2.3   2.7   2.4   2.7
     With neither lump sums nor COLA......   3.4   3.4   3.4   3.4   3.3   3.1   2.9   2.7   2.8
    Nonmanufacturing......................   3.2   3.1   2.7   2.6   2.5   1.7   2.1   2.3   2.1
     With either lump sums, COLA, or both.   3.3   3.2   3.2   2.8   2.7   2.3   2.4   2.8   3.0
     With neither lump sums nor COLA......   3.2   3.0   2.5   2.4   2.4   1.5   1.8   2.0   1.5
    Construction..........................   2.3   2.0   2.0   1.9   1.8   2.0   2.1   2.4   1.6
    All industries excluding construction.   3.4   3.4   2.9   2.8   2.7   1.9   2.4   2.4   2.5
    Nonmanufacturing excluding
       construction.......................   3.5   3.5   3.0   2.8   2.7   1.5   2.0   2.3   2.3
    Goods-producing.......................   2.8   2.5   2.3   2.4   2.3   2.3   2.6   2.5   2.4
    Service-producing.....................   3.5   3.5   3.0   2.8   2.7   1.5   2.0   2.2   2.2
 Annual average over the contract term(5)
   All industries.........................   3.1   3.1   3.0   2.9   2.7   2.3   2.1   2.1   2.1
    With COLA clauses.....................   2.6   2.6   2.5   2.6   2.5   2.1   1.4   1.0   1.5
    Without COLA clauses..................   3.2   3.2   3.1   3.0   2.8   2.4   2.5   2.5   2.3
    With lump sums........................   2.7   2.9   2.9   2.9   2.7   2.1   1.9   1.8   1.9
    Without lump sums.....................   3.2   3.2   3.0   2.9   2.8   2.4   2.5   2.5   2.3
    With either lump sums, COLA, or both..   2.8   3.0   2.9   2.8   2.7   2.1   1.9   1.8   2.0
    With neither lump sums nor COLA.......   3.2   3.1   3.0   3.0   2.8   2.5   2.5   2.5   2.2
   Manufacturing..........................   2.7   2.7   2.6   2.8   2.6   2.1   1.5   1.3   1.5
    With either lump sums, COLA, or both..   2.4   2.3   2.0   2.4   2.2   1.8   1.3   1.0   1.4
    With neither lump sums nor COLA.......   3.1   3.1   3.2   3.2   3.0   2.9   2.5   2.3   2.3
   Nonmanufacturing.......................   3.2   3.2   3.0   2.9   2.8   2.4   2.5   2.6   2.4
    With either lump sums, COLA, or both..   3.1   3.3   3.2   3.0   2.9   2.5   2.6   2.7   2.8
    With neither lump sums nor COLA.......   3.3   3.1   3.0   2.9   2.7   2.4   2.5   2.5   2.2
   Construction...........................   2.7   2.5   2.4   2.5   2.4   2.4   2.6   2.7   2.4
   All industries excluding construction..   3.2   3.2   3.1   3.0   2.9   2.3   2.1   2.0   2.0
   Nonmanufacturing excluding construction   3.4   3.4   3.3   3.1   3.0   2.4   2.5   2.5   2.4
   Goods-producing........................   2.7   2.6   2.5   2.6   2.5   2.3   1.9   1.8   1.8
   Service-producing......................   3.4   3.4   3.3   3.1   3.0   2.4   2.6   2.6   2.5
 
Compensation changes in settlements
   covering 5,000 workers or more:
  All industries
    First year(4).........................   3.6   3.5   3.0   3.0   2.9   2.1   3.0   3.0   3.1
     With COLA clauses....................   3.5   4.3   4.1   4.2   4.2   3.0   3.2  (6)    3.7
     Without COLA clauses.................   3.6   3.2   2.7   2.6   2.4   1.5   2.9  (6)    2.8
       Annual average over the contract
   term(5)................................   3.2   3.2   3.1   3.1   2.9   2.4   2.4   2.3   2.4
        With COLA clauses.................   2.7   2.9   3.0   3.3   3.3   2.5   1.7  (6)    1.9
        Without COLA clauses..............   3.4   3.2   3.2   3.0   2.8   2.3   2.8  (6)    2.7
 
  1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.  The lump-sum measures refer to whether
or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions.  All measures exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
  2 Preliminary revised.
  3 Preliminary.
  4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the
contract effective date.
  5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
contract term.
  6 Data do not meet publication standards.
 
 
 
Table 10.  Cost changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of
compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers
or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods
 
     (in percent)
 
 
                                                     1992                 1993              1994
 
 
                       Item                     II   III    IV    I     II   III    IV   I(3) II(4)
 
 
                                                                Quarterly averages
 
 
 
          All industries
              Compensation ..................   2.3   2.3   1.2   1.9   1.8   0.9   1.8   2.0   1.9
              Cash payments (5)..............   2.1   2.1   1.1   1.4   1.7   0.8   1.4   1.9   1.4
              Wages..........................   2.1   2.0   1.3   1.6   1.7   0.7   1.4   1.7   1.4
              Benefits.......................   2.7   2.8   1.4   2.7   1.8   1.1   2.4   2.1   2.7
 
 
                                                               Four quarters ended
 
 
 
          All industries
              Compensation...................   2.2   2.3   2.1   2.0   1.9   1.4   1.6   1.6   1.7
              Cash payments(5)...............   2.2   2.1   1.9   1.8   1.7   1.2   1.3   1.3   1.3
              Wages..........................   2.0   2.0   1.9   1.9   1.8   1.3   1.3   1.3   1.3
              Benefits.......................   2.2   2.6   2.6   2.5   2.3   1.7   2.1   2.0   2.2
           With contingent pay provisions(6)
              Compensation...................   1.8   2.1   2.1   2.1   2.0   1.4   1.5   1.4   1.7
              Cash payments(5)...............   1.8   2.1   2.0   1.9   1.7   1.2   1.2   1.2   1.3
              Wages..........................   1.9   2.0   2.0   2.0   1.9   1.4   1.4   1.3   1.4
              Benefits.......................   1.8   2.0   2.3   2.5   2.5   1.8   2.0   1.8   2.3
           Without contingent pay
            provisions(6)
              Compensation...................   2.4   2.3   2.2   2.0   1.9   1.4   1.7   1.8   1.6
              Cash payments(5)...............   2.3   2.1   1.9   1.8   1.7   1.3   1.4   1.6   1.3
              Wages..........................   2.1   2.0   1.9   1.8   1.7   1.2   1.3   1.4   1.1
              Benefits.......................   2.4   2.9   2.7   2.5   2.3   1.6   2.1   2.2   2.1
           Manufacturing
              Compensation...................   1.8   2.0   2.1   2.1   1.8   1.1   1.2   1.1   1.3
              Cash payments(5)...............   1.8   1.8   1.5   1.6   1.3   1.0   0.8   0.7   0.9
              Wages..........................   1.8   1.6   1.7   2.0   1.7   1.2   1.1   0.9   1.1
              Benefits.......................   2.0   2.5   3.4   3.3   2.7   1.4   1.6   1.5   2.0
           Nonmanufacturing
              Compensation...................   2.4   2.3   2.1   2.0   2.0   1.5   1.9   2.0   1.8
              Cash payments(5)...............   2.3   2.1   2.0   1.9   1.8   1.3   1.6   1.8   1.5
              Wages..........................   2.1   2.1   1.9   1.8   1.8   1.3   1.5   1.6   1.4
              Benefits.......................   2.3   2.6   2.5   2.4   2.2   1.8   2.4   2.3   2.4
           Goods-producing
              Compensation...................   2.0   1.8   1.9   1.9   1.9   1.6   1.4   1.4   1.4
              Cash payments(5)...............   1.9   1.7   1.5   1.5   1.6   1.4   1.1   1.2   1.1
              Wages..........................   1.9   1.6   1.6   1.8   1.8   1.5   1.2   1.2   1.1
              Benefits.......................   2.2   2.4   2.8   2.9   2.7   2.1   1.9   1.8   1.8
           Service-producing
              Compensation...................   2.3   2.4   2.2   2.1   2.0   1.2   1.8   1.8   2.0
              Cash payments(5)...............   2.3   2.3   2.1   1.9   1.8   1.1   1.5   1.6   1.6
              Wages..........................   2.1   2.2   2.0   1.9   1.8   1.0   1.5   1.5   1.5
              Benefits.......................   2.2   2.7   2.5   2.4   2.2   1.3   2.3   2.2   2.7
 
       1 Includes net increases, decreases, and no change.  Excludes potential changes from
     contingent pay provisions.
       2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over
     the life of the contract.
       3 Preliminary revised.
       4 Preliminary.
       5 Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments.
       6 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment clauses.
      Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
 
 
 
Table 11.  Cost changes:  Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of
compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers
or more, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
 
(in percent)
 
 
                                                            Cash                           Number of
                   Measure                       Compen-               Wages    Benefits    workers
                                                sation   payments(-                         (000's)
                                                             3)
 
 
 
     All industries..........................     1.7        1.3        1.3        2.2       1,513
 
        With contingent pay provisions(4)....     1.7        1.3        1.4        2.3         796
        Without contingent pay provisions(4).     1.6        1.3        1.1        2.1         717
 
     Manufacturing...........................     1.3        0.9        1.1        2.0         584
 
     Nonmanufacturing........................     1.8        1.5        1.4        2.4         929
 
     Goods-producing.........................     1.4        1.1        1.1        1.8         813
 
     Service-producing.......................     2.0        1.6        1.5        2.7         699
 
  1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.  Excludes potential changes from contingent
pay provisions.
  2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
  3 Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments.
  4 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses.  Data
exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
NOTE:  Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
 
 
 
Table 12.  Cost changes:  Percent distribution of workers in
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering
5,000 workers or more, by average (mean) changes(1) in
compensation costs annualized over the life of the contract,(2)
four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994
(preliminary)
 
 
                     Measure                            All
                                                    industries
 
 
 
Total number of workers (in thousands)............     1,513
 
 
Percent of workers
 
  All settlements.................................      100
 
     No change....................................        0
     Decreases(3).................................        3
     Increases....................................       97
 
        Under 1 percent...........................       32
        1 and under 2 percent.....................       31
        2 percent and over........................       34
 
 
Changes (in percent):
  Mean change (percent)...........................      1.7
  Median change...................................      1.8
 
     Mean increase (percent)......................      1.8
     Median increase..............................      1.8
 
  1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.
Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
  2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed
as an average annual (compound) rate over the life of the
contract.
  3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
NOTE:  Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items
may not equal totals.
 
 
 
Table 13.  Rate changes:  Average changes in wages in private
industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000
workers or more, by year and quarter
 
     (in percent)
 
 
                                                   Annual averages                        Quarterly averages
 
 
                         Item                                            1992                    1993                    1994
                                                     1992    1993
 
                                                                     III      IV      I       II     III      IV     I(1)   II(2)
 
 
       Average wage rate change (3)...............    3.1     3.0     1.0     0.4     0.5     0.9     0.8     0.7     0.4     0.8
 
         Source:
         Current settlements......................    0.8     0.9     0.3     0.2     0.1     0.2     0.1     0.5     0.1     0.2
            Prior settlements.....................    1.9     1.9     0.6     0.2     0.3     0.7     0.6     0.2     0.3     0.6
            COLA provisions.......................    0.4     0.2     0.1     0.1     0.1     0.1    (4)     (4)     (4)      0.1
 
         Industry
         Manufacturing............................    3.1     3.3     0.9     0.6     0.6     0.9     0.6     1.1     0.4     0.7
            Nonmanufacturing......................    3.1     2.8     1.1     0.3     0.4     1.0     0.9     0.6     0.4     0.9
            Nonmanufacturing excluding
        construction..............................    3.0     2.8     1.2     0.4     0.4     0.8     0.9     0.7     0.4     0.7
            Construction..........................    3.4     2.7     0.8     0.1     0.3     1.6     0.7     0.1     0.3     1.5
            Transportation and public utilities...    2.7     3.0     1.6     0.2     0.4     0.7     1.1     0.7     0.2     0.7
            Wholesale and retail trade............    3.5     2.3     0.9     0.8     0.4     0.9     0.3     0.6     0.6     0.7
            Services..............................    3.7     3.4     1.1     1.0     0.6     0.7     1.5     0.6     0.8     0.3
            Goods-producing.......................    3.1     3.1     0.8     0.4     0.5     1.1     0.6     0.8     0.4     1.0
            Service-producing.....................    3.0     2.8     1.2     0.4     0.5     0.8     0.9     0.7     0.4     0.7
 
       Average wage rate increase(5)..............    3.7     3.5     2.6     1.8     2.0     2.5     2.7     2.5     1.6     2.3
 
         Source:(6)
         Current settlements......................    3.6     3.2     3.2     3.1     3.0     3.0     2.7     2.9     3.6     2.7
            Prior settlements.....................    3.8     3.4     3.6     2.9     3.1     3.3     3.0     3.2     2.6     3.3
            COLA provisions.......................    2.0     1.3     0.7     0.7     0.5     0.7     0.5     0.3     0.3     0.5
 
       Number of workers receiving wage increases
        (in thousands)(7)......................... 4,665.5 4,795.1 2,226.7 1,452.4 1,377.9 2,116.4 1,715.0 1,603.9 1,359.1 2,013.7
 
         Source:
         Current settlements...................... 1,292.3 1,671.7   526.3   387.4   221.8   358.9   359.5   883.9   139.3   408.9
            Prior settlements..................... 2,817.8 2,999.2   949.9   325.1   535.4 1,121.2 1,163.0   377.0   581.3   962.8
            COLA provisions....................... 1,036.3   872.2   929.4   775.8   666.9   661.8   273.4   720.5   700.1   652.0
 
       Number of workers not receiving a wage
        increase (in thousands)...................   853.9   681.0 3,292.6 4,067.0 4,098.2 3,359.7 3,761.2 3,872.2 4,071.9 3,417.4
 
       1 Preliminary revised.
       2 Preliminary.
       3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in a prior
     period, and COLA clauses.  Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
       4 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent.
       5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was a wage rate increase.
       6 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was a wage rate increase.
       7 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes
     from more than one source.
 
 
 
 
Table 14.  Rate changes:  Average changes in wages in private industry
collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more during
4-quarter periods
 
(in percent)
 
 
                                                            Four quarters ended
 
 
                Item                        1992                    1993                    1994
 
 
                                        III      IV      I       II     III      IV     I(1)   II(2)
 
 
 
    Average wage rate change (3).....    3.2     3.1     3.0     2.9     2.6     3.0     2.9     2.7
 
 
      Source:
        Current settlements..........    0.9     0.8     0.8     0.7     0.6     0.9     0.9     0.8
        Prior settlements............    1.9     1.9     1.8     1.8     1.8     1.9     1.8     1.7
        COLA provisions..............    0.4     0.4     0.4     0.4     0.3     0.2     0.2     0.2
 
      Industry
        Manufacturing................    3.2     3.1     2.9     3.0     2.7     3.3     3.1     2.9
        Nonmanufacturing.............    3.2     3.1     3.0     2.8     2.6     2.8     2.8     2.7
        Nonmanufacturing excluding
         construction................    3.3     3.0     2.9     2.9     2.6     2.8     2.8     2.7
        Construction.................    3.0     3.4     3.3     2.7     2.5     2.7     2.7     2.7
        Transportation and public
         utilities...................    3.3     2.7     2.8     2.9     2.5     3.0     2.7     2.7
        Wholesale and retail trade...    3.5     3.5     3.1     3.0     2.4     2.3     2.5     2.3
        Services.....................    3.3     3.7     3.2     3.3     3.8     3.4     3.5     3.1
        Goods-producing..............    3.1     3.1     3.0     2.8     2.6     3.1     2.9     2.8
        Service-producing............    3.4     3.0     2.9     2.9     2.7     2.8     2.8     2.6
 
 
    Average wage rate increase(4)....    3.8     3.7     3.6     3.6     3.4     3.5     3.4     3.4
 
 
      Source:(5)
        Current settlements..........    3.6     3.6     3.5     3.1     3.0     3.2     3.1     2.9
        Prior settlements............    3.7     3.8     3.7     3.5     3.3     3.4     3.3     3.3
        COLA provisions..............    2.1     2.0     2.0     2.0     1.8     1.3     1.2     1.1
 
    Number of workers receiving wage
    increases (in thousands)(6)...... 4,748.4 4,665.5 4,630.8 4,528.5 4,468.8 4,795.1 4,691.5 4,573.0
 
 
      Source:
        Current settlements.......... 1,391.5 1,292.3 1,347.8 1,405.0 1,229.8 1,671.7 1,645.1 1,722.9
        Prior settlements............ 2,973.4 2,817.8 2,706.0 2,785.0 2,965.9 2,999.2 2,989.1 2,888.2
        COLA provisions.............. 1,063.9 1,036.3 1,067.4 1,064.2   921.2   872.2   841.0   843.0
 
    Number of workers not receiving a
    wage increase (in thousands).....   852.2   853.9   888.7   991.0 1,050.7   681.0   784.7   903.1
 
  1 Preliminary revised.
  2 Preliminary.
  3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements,
agreements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses.  Because of rounding and compounding, sums of
individual items may not equal totals.
  4 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was an
increase.
  5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was an
increase.
  6 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers
received wage changes from more than one source.