For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, January 10, 2017 USDL-17-0033

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2016

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.5 million on the last business day of November, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little 

changed at 5.2 million and 5.0 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 

2.1 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.1 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of November, there were 5.5 million job openings, little changed from 

October. The job openings rate was 3.7 percent in November. The number of job openings was little 

changed for total private and increased for government (+48,000). Job openings increased in state and 

local government, excluding education (+32,000), and state and local government education (+17,000). 

The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was essentially unchanged at 5.2 million in November. The hires rate was 3.6

percent. The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires increased in 

state and local government education (+19,000) but decreased in retail trade (-71,000). Hires was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

November 2013 - November 2016

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

November 2013 - November 2016
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 5.0 million total separations in November, little changed from October. The total 

separations rate in November was 3.5 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for 

total private and for government. Total separations were little changed in all industries and in all four 

regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in November at 3.1 million. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. Over 

the month, the number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased

in construction (+32,000), wholesale trade (+20,000), and educational services (+9,000). The number of 

quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in November, essentially unchanged from October. The 

layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.1 percent in November. The number of layoffs and 

discharges was little changed for total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges levels 

were little changed in all industries and all four regions. (See table 5.)

In November, the number of other separations edged down for total nonfarm (-47,000) and for total 

private (-43,000). Other separations was little changed for government. Other separations decreased in 

retail trade (-27,000) and mining and logging (-3,000). The number of other separations decreased in the 

Midwest region (-28,000). (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in November, hires totaled 62.7 million 

and separations totaled 60.3 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for December 2016 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, February 7, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,198 5,451 5,522 5,253 5,160 5,219 4,958 4,966 5,028

Total private....................................... 4,725 4,951 4,972 4,904 4,804 4,848 4,616 4,631 4,682

Mining and logging1............................ 15 14 17 21 32 31 35 33 27

Construction1................................... 101 193 184 340 331 335 292 311 325

Manufacturing.................................. 238 320 324 278 274 275 267 269 275

Durable goods1.............................. 138 197 185 153 159 160 154 157 162

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 100 123 139 126 114 115 113 113 113

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 861 1,024 1,021 1,085 1,083 1,012 1,040 1,046 1,045

Wholesale trade1............................ 128 181 183 134 132 131 127 121 134

Retail trade................................... 527 653 653 766 739 668 744 736 705

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 205 190 186 186 212 213 169 189 207

Information1

..................................... 68 76 76 71 71 70 79 72 70

Financial activities.............................. 356 331 332 208 170 170 190 156 157

Finance and insurance..................... 312 257 268 137 106 110 136 98 116

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 44 74 64 71 63 60 54 59 41

Professional and business services......... 1,126 980 984 1,056 1,043 1,060 1,020 1,016 1,020

Education and health services............... 1,113 1,159 1,120 661 646 650 600 591 592

Educational services1

....................... 89 90 87 102 75 84 97 68 71

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,023 1,069 1,033 559 571 566 503 523 520

Leisure and hospitality........................ 732 670 725 992 972 1,041 939 965 996

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 64 82 82 131 148 145 130 149 143

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 668 589 643 861 824 896 809 815 853

Other services1................................. 116 182 189 190 183 205 154 173 174

Government....................................... 473 501 549 349 356 371 342 334 346

Federal1

......................................... 72 82 81 45 42 41 42 33 37

State and local................................. 401 419 468 304 314 330 300 302 309

State and local education.................. 160 131 148 157 134 153 160 137 150

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 241 288 320 148 180 178 140 165 159

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5

Total private....................................... 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.8 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.0

Construction1

................................... 1.5 2.8 2.7 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing.................................. 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Durable goods1

.............................. 1.8 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.1 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.1 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2

Retail trade................................... 3.2 3.9 3.9 4.9 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.4 3.8

Information1

..................................... 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.5

Financial activities.............................. 4.2 3.8 3.8 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.9

Finance and insurance..................... 4.9 4.0 4.2 2.3 1.7 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 2.0 3.3 2.9 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 1.9

Professional and business services......... 5.4 4.6 4.6 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.0

Education and health services............... 4.7 4.8 4.7 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6

Educational services1

....................... 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.1 2.4 2.8 1.9 2.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.2 5.3 5.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.6 4.1 4.4 6.5 6.2 6.7 6.1 6.2 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 2.8 3.5 3.5 5.9 6.6 6.5 5.9 6.7 6.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.8 4.2 4.6 6.6 6.2 6.7 6.2 6.1 6.4

Other services1

................................. 2.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.6 2.7 3.0 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Government....................................... 2.1 2.2 2.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 2.5 2.8 2.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3

State and local................................. 2.0 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.6 3.1 3.4 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,198 5,831 5,453 5,631 5,451 5,522 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,725 5,284 4,941 5,112 4,951 4,972 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging3

....................... 15 13 11 20 14 17 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.8 2.0 2.4

Construction3............................... 101 225 192 221 193 184 1.5 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 238 379 326 328 320 324 1.9 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6

Durable goods3

.......................... 138 223 185 206 197 185 1.8 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4

Nondurable goods3

...................... 100 156 141 122 123 139 2.1 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 861 1,046 997 1,020 1,024 1,021 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6

Wholesale trade3

........................ 128 177 160 169 181 183 2.1 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0

Retail trade............................... 527 623 628 663 653 653 3.2 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 205 246 208 188 190 186 3.6 4.3 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.3

Information3................................. 68 80 83 97 76 76 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.4 2.7 2.7

Financial activities......................... 356 318 332 355 331 332 4.2 3.7 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.8

Finance and insurance................. 312 240 253 265 257 268 4.9 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 44 78 79 89 74 64 2.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.3 2.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,126 1,212 1,022 1,113 980 984 5.4 5.6 4.8 5.2 4.6 4.6

Education and health services........... 1,113 1,073 1,041 1,072 1,159 1,120 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.7

Educational services3

................... 89 103 95 102 90 87 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,023 970 946 970 1,069 1,033 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 732 747 749 710 670 725 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 64 94 74 67 82 82 2.8 4.0 3.2 2.9 3.5 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 668 653 675 642 589 643 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.6

Other services3

............................. 116 191 189 177 182 189 2.0 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2

Government................................... 473 546 511 519 501 549 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4

Federal3

..................................... 72 90 88 101 82 81 2.5 3.1 3.0 3.5 2.8 2.8

State and local............................. 401 457 424 419 419 468 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.4

State and local education.............. 160 164 147 130 131 148 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 241 292 276 289 288 320 2.6 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 897 983 944 1,034 980 951 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.4

South........................................... 2,071 2,119 1,961 2,028 1,984 2,072 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,121 1,333 1,223 1,270 1,247 1,212 3.4 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.6

West............................................ 1,109 1,396 1,324 1,299 1,240 1,287 3.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,253 5,258 5,268 5,121 5,160 5,219 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,904 4,889 4,888 4,757 4,804 4,848 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging......................... 21 23 31 28 32 31 2.8 3.4 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.5

Construction................................ 340 328 337 314 331 335 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.9 5.0

Manufacturing.............................. 278 276 274 279 274 275 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2

Durable goods........................... 153 163 152 163 159 160 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 126 113 122 116 114 115 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,085 1,059 1,091 1,097 1,083 1,012 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 134 135 160 136 132 131 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.2

Retail trade............................... 766 750 752 769 739 668 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 186 174 179 193 212 213 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.9

Information.................................. 71 77 71 80 71 70 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.5

Financial activities......................... 208 183 192 170 170 170 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0

Finance and insurance................. 137 118 133 110 106 110 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 71 65 59 60 63 60 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,056 1,162 1,072 1,080 1,043 1,060 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2

Education and health services........... 661 626 634 616 646 650 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8

Educational services.................... 102 84 92 87 75 84 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 559 542 543 528 571 566 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 992 1,001 1,005 909 972 1,041 6.5 6.4 6.5 5.8 6.2 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 131 160 174 119 148 145 5.9 7.1 7.7 5.3 6.6 6.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 861 840 831 790 824 896 6.6 6.3 6.2 5.9 6.2 6.7

Other services.............................. 190 156 180 185 183 205 3.4 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.6

Government................................... 349 368 380 365 356 371 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

Federal...................................... 45 41 40 40 42 41 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local............................. 304 328 339 325 314 330 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

State and local education.............. 157 168 160 159 134 153 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 148 159 180 165 180 178 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 851 805 895 802 864 845 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.1

South........................................... 1,985 2,056 2,002 2,000 2,061 2,009 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,197 1,187 1,182 1,141 1,131 1,179 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6

West............................................ 1,219 1,210 1,189 1,178 1,104 1,186 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total............................................... 4,958 4,991 5,052 4,936 4,966 5,028 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,616 4,665 4,696 4,578 4,631 4,682 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 35 25 31 26 33 27 4.6 3.7 4.6 3.9 4.9 4.0

Construction................................ 292 294 327 296 311 325 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 267 263 268 278 269 275 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2

Durable goods........................... 154 160 157 166 157 162 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 113 103 111 112 113 113 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,040 1,068 1,009 1,039 1,046 1,045 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 127 146 147 117 121 134 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.2

Retail trade............................... 744 750 707 722 736 705 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 169 172 156 199 189 207 3.1 3.1 2.8 3.6 3.4 3.8

Information.................................. 79 81 72 89 72 70 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.2 2.6 2.5

Financial activities......................... 190 173 186 163 156 157 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9

Finance and insurance................. 136 107 123 107 98 116 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 54 66 63 56 59 41 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 1.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,020 1,045 1,008 1,009 1,016 1,020 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

Education and health services........... 600 584 595 560 591 592 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6

Educational services.................... 97 93 85 69 68 71 2.8 2.6 2.4 1.9 1.9 2.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 503 491 510 491 523 520 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 939 944 988 928 965 996 6.1 6.1 6.4 6.0 6.2 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 130 140 193 147 149 143 5.9 6.2 8.6 6.6 6.7 6.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 809 804 795 781 815 853 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.4

Other services.............................. 154 188 211 191 173 174 2.7 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.0 3.0

Government................................... 342 326 357 357 334 346 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 42 36 37 37 33 37 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

State and local............................. 300 289 320 320 302 309 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 160 132 162 152 137 150 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 140 158 157 169 165 159 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 797 848 876 799 791 826 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.1

South........................................... 1,952 2,003 1,960 1,922 1,927 1,959 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,112 1,068 1,052 1,037 1,119 1,071 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3

West............................................ 1,098 1,072 1,164 1,178 1,128 1,172 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total............................................... 2,862 2,977 3,009 3,052 3,023 3,064 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,705 2,807 2,847 2,867 2,861 2,898 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

Mining and logging......................... 18 12 13 13 13 14 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1

Construction................................ 129 128 137 124 128 160 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 145 143 140 150 155 155 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3

Durable goods........................... 74 80 76 85 86 90 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2

Nondurable goods....................... 71 63 64 64 69 65 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 627 653 651 654 675 677 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5

Wholesale trade......................... 72 95 90 71 72 92 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5

Retail trade............................... 471 467 475 462 492 463 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 85 90 85 121 111 123 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.2

Information.................................. 42 40 38 57 40 37 1.5 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.4 1.3

Financial activities......................... 86 100 105 86 91 83 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0

Finance and insurance................. 62 63 68 57 64 64 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 24 37 37 29 27 18 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 522 565 598 597 588 602 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9

Education and health services........... 408 398 375 411 396 398 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7

Educational services.................... 55 51 51 45 38 47 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 353 347 324 366 358 351 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 636 635 639 671 668 692 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 53 63 63 73 69 74 2.4 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 583 573 576 599 600 618 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6

Other services3

............................. 91 133 150 103 108 80 1.6 2.3 2.6 1.8 1.9 1.4

Government................................... 157 170 162 185 163 166 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Federal...................................... 14 13 13 13 12 15 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local............................. 143 156 149 172 151 152 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 72 69 76 78 73 78 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 71 87 73 93 77 73 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 400 442 433 419 428 450 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

South........................................... 1,137 1,206 1,214 1,242 1,210 1,241 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4

Midwest........................................ 687 644 625 648 678 671 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1

West............................................ 638 685 737 743 707 701 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total............................................... 1,718 1,639 1,692 1,513 1,569 1,637 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,599 1,542 1,557 1,402 1,460 1,516 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 12 8 13 8 13 9 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.2 1.9 1.3

Construction................................ 157 146 171 153 169 155 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 101 95 110 100 92 96 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 64 64 70 60 56 54 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 37 32 40 40 37 42 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 302 331 276 294 269 302 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade3

........................ 45 40 48 33 35 32 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5

Retail trade............................... 189 222 175 205 171 195 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 69 68 54 57 63 76 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4

Information.................................. 31 30 24 21 20 22 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8

Financial activities......................... 58 47 51 52 50 54 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 32 24 32 29 22 32 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 26 23 18 23 29 22 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 441 413 358 352 368 365 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8

Education and health services........... 156 140 179 108 160 157 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 37 34 26 19 27 23 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 119 106 153 89 133 134 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 280 278 317 231 264 270 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 72 76 125 71 78 66 3.3 3.3 5.5 3.2 3.5 3.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 208 203 192 161 186 204 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5

Other services.............................. 59 54 58 82 54 87 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.5

Government................................... 119 97 134 111 109 121 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

Federal...................................... 11 12 13 12 11 13 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local............................. 108 85 122 100 99 108 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local education.............. 62 42 64 49 39 49 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 46 43 58 50 60 59 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 329 337 372 308 299 308 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1

South........................................... 647 644 601 537 575 595 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1

Midwest........................................ 348 354 356 315 351 338 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0

West............................................ 393 304 362 353 344 396 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total............................................... 378 375 351 370 373 326 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 311 316 291 310 311 268 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 5 5 5 6 7 4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.6

Construction3

............................... 6 21 19 18 14 11 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 20 24 18 28 22 25 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 15 16 11 21 15 19 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 5 8 7 7 7 6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 110 84 82 90 103 66 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 10 10 9 13 13 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 84 60 57 55 74 47 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 15 14 16 22 15 9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

Information3................................. 5 11 10 11 12 11 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Financial activities......................... 46 26 31 25 15 21 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 42 19 23 21 12 20 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 4 7 7 4 3 1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 56 67 52 60 60 52 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 36 46 40 40 35 36 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3................... 5 9 7 5 3 2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 31 38 33 35 32 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 23 31 32 26 32 34 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 5 2 5 4 2 3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 18 29 27 22 30 31 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 4 1 3 5 11 8 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Government................................... 66 59 60 61 62 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 17 11 11 12 10 8 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local............................. 49 47 49 49 52 50 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 26 20 22 24 24 23 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 23 27 27 25 28 27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 67 69 71 72 64 67 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 168 153 145 143 143 123 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 77 70 70 74 90 62 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

West............................................ 66 83 65 81 77 74 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 4,897 5,680 5,246 3.3 3.7 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,439 5,189 4,708 3.5 4.0 3.7

Mining and logging............................................... 15 14 17 1.9 2.0 2.4

Construction....................................................... 101 193 184 1.5 2.7 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 238 320 324 1.9 2.5 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 138 197 185 1.8 2.5 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 100 123 139 2.1 2.6 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 804 1,094 971 2.8 3.8 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 128 181 183 2.1 3.0 3.0

Retail trade..................................................... 470 722 603 2.8 4.3 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 205 190 186 3.6 3.3 3.2

Information........................................................ 68 76 76 2.4 2.7 2.7

Financial activities................................................ 318 355 313 3.7 4.1 3.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 275 281 249 4.3 4.3 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 44 74 64 2.0 3.3 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,069 1,057 929 5.1 4.9 4.3

Education and health services.................................. 1,061 1,221 1,078 4.5 5.0 4.5

Educational services.......................................... 89 90 87 2.4 2.4 2.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 972 1,131 991 4.9 5.5 4.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 648 677 627 4.1 4.2 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 53 83 65 2.5 3.6 3.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 595 595 562 4.4 4.3 4.1

Other services.................................................... 116 182 189 2.0 3.1 3.2

Government.......................................................... 459 491 537 2.0 2.1 2.3

Federal............................................................. 72 82 81 2.5 2.8 2.8

State and local.................................................... 387 409 456 1.9 2.0 2.2

State and local education..................................... 146 121 136 1.3 1.1 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 241 288 320 2.6 3.1 3.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 847 1,041 906 3.1 3.7 3.2

South................................................................. 1,912 2,069 1,941 3.5 3.8 3.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,095 1,267 1,184 3.3 3.7 3.5

West.................................................................. 1,043 1,303 1,215 3.1 3.8 3.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 4,873 5,438 4,850 3.4 3.7 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,599 5,119 4,563 3.8 4.2 3.7

Mining and logging............................................... 17 34 27 2.2 4.9 3.9

Construction....................................................... 261 335 260 3.9 4.9 3.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 229 279 225 1.9 2.3 1.8

Durable goods.................................................. 125 156 133 1.6 2.0 1.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 104 122 92 2.3 2.6 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,407 1,328 1,318 5.1 4.8 4.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 100 132 96 1.7 2.2 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 1,055 938 907 6.5 5.9 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 251 258 315 4.6 4.7 5.6

Information........................................................ 68 79 65 2.5 2.8 2.3

Financial activities................................................ 185 184 149 2.3 2.2 1.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 122 114 97 2.0 1.8 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 63 70 52 3.0 3.3 2.4

Professional and business services............................ 946 1,103 963 4.7 5.4 4.7

Education and health services.................................. 528 695 524 2.3 3.0 2.3

Educational services.......................................... 63 71 51 1.7 1.9 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 465 624 473 2.5 3.2 2.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 812 910 869 5.4 5.9 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 91 118 102 4.5 5.4 4.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 720 791 767 5.5 5.9 5.8

Other services.................................................... 146 173 164 2.6 3.0 2.9

Government.......................................................... 274 319 287 1.2 1.4 1.3

Federal............................................................. 55 40 52 2.0 1.4 1.9

State and local.................................................... 218 279 235 1.1 1.4 1.2

State and local education..................................... 105 122 99 1.0 1.1 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 114 156 136 1.3 1.7 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 781 910 785 2.9 3.4 2.9

South................................................................. 1,836 2,173 1,855 3.5 4.1 3.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,109 1,154 1,095 3.4 3.5 3.4

West.................................................................. 1,146 1,201 1,116 3.5 3.6 3.4

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 4,300 5,149 4,395 3.0 3.5 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,070 4,855 4,154 3.3 3.9 3.4

Mining and logging............................................... 31 34 25 4.0 4.9 3.5

Construction....................................................... 295 346 317 4.4 5.0 4.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 234 287 236 1.9 2.3 1.9

Durable goods.................................................. 134 156 135 1.7 2.0 1.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 99 131 102 2.2 2.8 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 897 1,047 913 3.3 3.8 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 107 136 111 1.8 2.3 1.9

Retail trade..................................................... 642 716 607 4.0 4.5 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 148 195 194 2.7 3.5 3.5

Information........................................................ 71 74 63 2.6 2.6 2.3

Financial activities................................................ 161 160 136 2.0 1.9 1.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 107 95 95 1.8 1.5 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 54 65 42 2.6 3.0 1.9

Professional and business services............................ 909 1,065 908 4.5 5.2 4.4

Education and health services.................................. 469 583 471 2.1 2.5 2.0

Educational services.......................................... 56 49 39 1.5 1.3 1.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 413 534 432 2.2 2.8 2.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 855 1,085 916 5.7 7.0 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 143 189 144 7.0 8.6 6.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 712 896 772 5.5 6.7 5.8

Other services.................................................... 148 175 169 2.6 3.1 3.0

Government.......................................................... 230 293 241 1.0 1.3 1.1

Federal............................................................. 36 34 33 1.3 1.2 1.2

State and local.................................................... 194 259 208 1.0 1.3 1.0

State and local education..................................... 73 83 71 0.7 0.8 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 120 176 137 1.3 1.9 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 695 805 723 2.6 3.0 2.7

South................................................................. 1,626 1,995 1,646 3.1 3.8 3.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,022 1,162 990 3.2 3.6 3.0

West.................................................................. 958 1,186 1,036 2.9 3.6 3.1

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 2,356 3,169 2,553 1.6 2.2 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,247 3,028 2,440 1.8 2.5 2.0

Mining and logging............................................... 15 15 13 2.0 2.1 1.9

Construction....................................................... 97 142 122 1.5 2.1 1.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 111 166 120 0.9 1.3 1.0

Durable goods.................................................. 55 88 69 0.7 1.2 0.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 56 77 51 1.2 1.7 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 529 716 582 1.9 2.6 2.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 54 82 73 0.9 1.4 1.2

Retail trade..................................................... 397 512 390 2.5 3.2 2.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 77 122 119 1.4 2.2 2.1

Information........................................................ 36 42 32 1.3 1.5 1.1

Financial activities................................................ 69 92 65 0.8 1.1 0.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 45 66 47 0.7 1.1 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 24 27 18 1.1 1.2 0.9

Professional and business services............................ 444 643 517 2.2 3.1 2.5

Education and health services.................................. 318 401 311 1.4 1.7 1.3

Educational services.......................................... 33 31 27 0.9 0.8 0.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 285 371 284 1.5 1.9 1.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 536 704 599 3.6 4.5 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 38 71 55 1.9 3.2 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 498 633 544 3.8 4.7 4.1

Other services.................................................... 91 108 80 1.6 1.9 1.4

Government.......................................................... 108 141 112 0.5 0.6 0.5

Federal............................................................. 11 12 13 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 98 129 100 0.5 0.7 0.5

State and local education..................................... 41 51 44 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 57 78 56 0.6 0.9 0.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 318 439 370 1.2 1.6 1.4

South................................................................. 925 1,238 1,023 1.8 2.3 1.9

Midwest............................................................... 581 729 581 1.8 2.2 1.8

West.................................................................. 531 764 579 1.6 2.3 1.7

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 1,624 1,634 1,563 1.1 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,546 1,528 1,472 1.3 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 12 13 9 1.5 1.9 1.3

Construction....................................................... 192 190 184 2.9 2.8 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 108 100 99 0.9 0.8 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 69 53 54 0.9 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 39 47 45 0.8 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 273 235 278 1.0 0.9 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 45 35 32 0.8 0.6 0.5

Retail trade..................................................... 172 141 180 1.1 0.9 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 56 58 66 1.0 1.1 1.2

Information........................................................ 29 19 20 1.1 0.7 0.7

Financial activities................................................ 53 53 49 0.6 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 26 19 26 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 27 35 23 1.3 1.6 1.1

Professional and business services............................ 415 365 345 2.1 1.8 1.7

Education and health services.................................. 115 147 124 0.5 0.6 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 18 15 10 0.5 0.4 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 97 132 114 0.5 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 296 350 283 2.0 2.3 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 100 116 86 4.9 5.3 4.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 196 234 197 1.5 1.8 1.5

Other services.................................................... 53 56 82 0.9 1.0 1.4

Government.......................................................... 78 105 91 0.3 0.5 0.4

Federal............................................................. 11 11 14 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local.................................................... 68 94 78 0.3 0.5 0.4

State and local education..................................... 22 20 17 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 46 75 61 0.5 0.8 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 332 305 304 1.2 1.1 1.1

South................................................................. 546 621 511 1.0 1.2 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 377 357 357 1.2 1.1 1.1

West.................................................................. 370 351 391 1.1 1.1 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 320 346 279 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 277 299 242 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 3 6 3 0.4 0.9 0.4

Construction....................................................... 6 14 11 0.1 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 15 21 18 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 10 14 12 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 5 7 6 0.1 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 95 96 52 0.3 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 8 19 7 0.1 0.3 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 72 62 37 0.4 0.4 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 15 15 9 0.3 0.3 0.2

Information........................................................ 5 12 11 0.2 0.4 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 39 14 22 0.5 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 35 11 22 0.6 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 4 3 1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Professional and business services............................ 50 57 46 0.2 0.3 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 36 35 36 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 5 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 31 32 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 23 32 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 5 2 3 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 18 30 31 0.1 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 4 11 8 0.1 0.2 0.1

Government.......................................................... 43 47 37 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 15 11 7 0.5 0.4 0.3

State and local.................................................... 28 36 30 0.1 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 11 12 10 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 17 24 20 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 46 61 49 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 154 136 112 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 64 76 52 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 57 71 66 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.