For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 16, 2017 USDL-17-0320 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2017

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.6 million on the last business day of January, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little 

changed at 5.4 million and 5.3 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was little changed 

at 2.2 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.1 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions. The release also includes 2016 annual estimates for hires and 

separations. The annual number of hires at 62.7 million in 2016 was essentially the same as in 2015. The 

annual number of quits at 36.1 million increased in 2016 while the annual number of layoffs and 

discharges at 19.9 million declined. 

Job Openings

On the last business day of January, there were 5.6 million job openings, little changed from December. 

The job openings rate was 3.7 percent in January. The number of job openings was little changed for 

total private and for government. Job openings increased in professional and business services 

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

January 2014 - January 2017

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

January 2014 - January 2017

Revisions to the JOLTS Data

Job openings, hires, and separations data have been revised to incorporate annual updates to the 

Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) seasonal adjustment factors. See the revision section at the end of this release for 

more information. 
- 2 -

(+136,000) and real estate and rental and leasing (+67,000) but decreased in federal government 

(-37,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was essentially unchanged at 5.4 million in January. The hires rate was 3.7 percent. 

The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires increased in other 

services (+54,000) and finance and insurance (+41,000). The number of hires was little changed in all 

four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm. 

There were 5.3 million total separations in January, little changed from December. The total 

separations rate in January was 3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total 

private and for government. Total separations increased in finance and insurance (+39,000). The number 

of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.) 

The number of quits edged up to 3.2 million in January. The quits rate was 2.2 percent. Over the month, 

the number of quits edged up for total private (+129,000) and was little changed for government. Quits

increased in other services (+33,000), finance and insurance (+31,000), and real estate and rental and 

leasing (+24,000). The number of quits increased in the Midwest (+92,000) and West (+92,000) regions. 

(See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in January, unchanged from December. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent in January. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for 

total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level increased in accommodation and food 

services (+69,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+27,000), and mining and logging 

(+7,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

In January, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 

government. Other separations increased in health care and social assistance (+29,000) and nondurable 

goods manufacturing (+5,000) but decreased in federal government (-3,000). Other separations 

increased in the South region (+37,000) and was little changed in the other regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in January, hires totaled 63.1 million and 

separations totaled 60.7 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year. 
- 3 -

Annual Levels and Rates 

This release contains the 2016 annual levels and rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, and other separations. Note that annual figures for job openings are not calculated because 

job openings are measured on a stock, or point-in-time, basis rather than on a flow basis over a specified 

time period. The annual figures and additional tables are published with the release of January data each 

year. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.) 

Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. In 2016, the annual level 

of hires was 62.7 million (43.5 percent of employment), essentially the same as in 2015. Quits rose for 

the seventh consecutive year reaching 36.1 million in 2016 (25.0 percent of employment). The layoffs 

and discharges annual level declined in 2016 to 19.9 million (13.8 percent of employment) after edging 

up the past 2 years. The annual level for other separations declined in 2016 to 4.4 million (3.1 percent of 

employment); the decline is the first since 2009. The annual level for total separations (the sum of quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations) rose in 2016 for the sixth consecutive year, reaching 60.4 

million (41.9 percent of employment). (See tables 13 through 22.)

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for February 2017 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, April 11, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,713 5,539 5,626 5,117 5,303 5,440 5,033 5,084 5,258

Total private....................................... 5,214 5,065 5,173 4,760 4,984 5,104 4,693 4,754 4,924

Mining and logging1............................ 13 17 16 24 22 28 47 22 28

Construction1................................... 158 140 147 292 400 378 274 369 358

Manufacturing.................................. 348 342 364 279 293 294 261 287 301

Durable goods1.............................. 190 194 207 168 171 168 154 163 168

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 159 148 157 111 122 126 107 124 132

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,015 1,014 967 1,050 1,009 1,023 1,055 958 1,004

Wholesale trade1............................ 198 182 173 134 130 135 139 142 141

Retail trade................................... 633 650 612 747 672 683 723 631 670

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 183 182 182 169 208 205 193 185 194

Information1

..................................... 97 81 86 82 79 82 83 82 83

Financial activities.............................. 340 357 393 213 190 236 196 162 211

Finance and insurance..................... 275 272 242 147 126 167 132 107 146

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 65 85 152 66 64 70 64 55 65

Professional and business services......... 1,136 989 1,125 1,123 1,140 1,144 1,111 1,132 1,091

Education and health services............... 1,169 1,158 1,135 590 642 653 584 596 639

Educational services1

....................... 106 93 84 82 78 76 99 73 84

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,063 1,065 1,052 507 564 577 485 522 555

Leisure and hospitality........................ 734 730 708 934 1,031 1,035 905 974 995

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 73 89 83 151 162 151 148 156 137

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 661 640 625 783 869 883 757 817 858

Other services1................................. 203 236 232 175 178 232 176 172 215

Government....................................... 499 474 452 358 319 336 340 330 334

Federal1

......................................... 86 110 73 40 45 45 40 41 37

State and local................................. 413 364 380 318 275 291 300 289 297

State and local education.................. 155 143 149 172 137 144 161 133 149

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 258 220 231 145 137 147 139 156 148

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6

Total private....................................... 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.8 2.5 2.3 3.3 3.2 4.1 6.5 3.3 4.2

Construction1

................................... 2.3 2.0 2.1 4.4 5.9 5.6 4.1 5.4 5.3

Manufacturing.................................. 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.4

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.7

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

Retail trade................................... 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.8 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.0 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5

Information1

..................................... 3.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Financial activities.............................. 4.0 4.1 4.5 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.4 1.9 2.5

Finance and insurance..................... 4.3 4.2 3.7 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.2 1.7 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.0 3.8 6.5 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.5 3.0

Professional and business services......... 5.4 4.6 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.3

Education and health services............... 5.0 4.8 4.7 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.8

Educational services1

....................... 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.8 2.0 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.3 5.2 5.2 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.5 4.4 4.3 6.0 6.5 6.6 5.9 6.2 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.2 3.8 3.5 6.9 7.2 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.8 4.5 4.4 5.9 6.4 6.5 5.7 6.1 6.3

Other services1

................................. 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.1 3.1 4.0 3.1 3.0 3.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Government....................................... 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 3.0 3.8 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local................................. 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.8 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data 

In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have 

been revised to reflect annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment 

survey, employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio adjusted to the 

CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The result is

the revision of 21 months of not seasonally adjusted data. Additionally, new seasonal factors have been 

developed based on the full revised JOLTS series and have been applied to the data from January 2012 

forward.

Tables B through G below present revised total nonfarm data for January through December 2016. The 

December 2016 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the 

final December estimates. Tables presenting revisions to total nonfarm data for January 2012 through 

December 2015 will be available later today on the JOLTS website. The website also contains all 

revised seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. The revision tables and data can be 

accessed through the JOLTS homepage at www.bls.gov/jlt/. 

Table B. Revisions in job openings data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2016

January........................ 5,604 5,713 109 3.8 3.8 0.0

February........................ 5,608 5,566 -42 3.8 3.7 -.1

March........................... 5,670 5,852 182 3.8 3.9 .1

April.............................. 5,845 5,643 -202 3.9 3.8 -.1

May.............................. 5,514 5,582 68 3.7 3.7 .0

June.............................. 5,643 5,535 -108 3.8 3.7 -.1

July.............................. 5,831 5,973 142 3.9 4.0 .1

August........................ 5,453 5,491 38 3.6 3.7 .1

September..................... 5,631 5,666 35 3.7 3.8 .1

October........................ 5,451 5,587 136 3.6 3.7 .1

November..................... 5,505 5,631 126 3.7 3.7 .0

December..................... 5,501 5,539 38 3.6 3.7 .1

Year and month
Table C. Revisions in hires data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2016

January........................ 5,125 5,117 -8 3.6 3.6 0.0

February........................ 5,510 5,447 -63 3.8 3.8 .0

March........................... 5,290 5,297 7 3.7 3.7 .0

April.............................. 5,085 5,038 -47 3.5 3.5 .0

May.............................. 5,047 5,153 106 3.5 3.6 .1

June.............................. 5,172 5,176 4 3.6 3.6 .0

July.............................. 5,258 5,328 70 3.6 3.7 .1

August........................ 5,268 5,288 20 3.6 3.7 .1

September..................... 5,121 5,179 58 3.5 3.6 .1

October........................ 5,160 5,200 40 3.6 3.6 .0

November..................... 5,212 5,263 51 3.6 3.6 .0

December..................... 5,252 5,303 51 3.6 3.6 .0

Year and month

Table D. Revisions in total separations data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2016

January........................ 4,977 5,033 56 3.5 3.5 0.0

February........................ 5,159 5,183 24 3.6 3.6 .0

March........................... 5,096 5,040 -56 3.5 3.5 .0

April.............................. 5,015 4,962 -53 3.5 3.4 -.1

May.............................. 4,978 5,101 123 3.5 3.5 .0

June.............................. 4,964 4,940 -24 3.4 3.4 .0

July.............................. 4,991 5,001 10 3.5 3.5 .0

August........................ 5,052 5,059 7 3.5 3.5 .0

September..................... 4,936 4,942 6 3.4 3.4 .0

October........................ 4,966 5,041 75 3.4 3.5 .1

November..................... 5,018 5,075 57 3.5 3.5 .0

December..................... 4,968 5,084 116 3.4 3.5 .1

Year and month
Table E. Revisions in quits data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2016

January........................ 2,851 2,894 43 2.0 2.0 0.0

February........................ 2,955 2,984 29 2.1 2.1 .0

March........................... 2,948 2,932 -16 2.1 2.0 -.1

April.............................. 2,909 2,902 -7 2.0 2.0 .0

May.............................. 2,942 3,005 63 2.0 2.1 .1

June.............................. 2,979 2,980 1 2.1 2.1 .0

July.............................. 2,977 3,031 54 2.1 2.1 .0

August........................ 3,009 3,048 39 2.1 2.1 .0

September..................... 3,052 3,076 24 2.1 2.1 .0

October........................ 3,023 3,078 55 2.1 2.1 .0

November..................... 3,077 3,080 3 2.1 2.1 .0

December..................... 2,979 3,085 106 2.0 2.1 .1

Year and month

Table F. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2016

January........................ 1,704 1,724 20 1.2 1.2 0.0

February........................ 1,808 1,834 26 1.3 1.3 .0

March........................... 1,768 1,726 -42 1.2 1.2 .0

April.............................. 1,708 1,669 -39 1.2 1.2 .0

May.............................. 1,701 1,741 40 1.2 1.2 .0

June.............................. 1,622 1,609 -13 1.1 1.1 .0

July.............................. 1,639 1,609 -30 1.1 1.1 .0

August........................ 1,692 1,660 -32 1.2 1.1 -.1

September..................... 1,513 1,516 3 1.0 1.0 .0

October........................ 1,569 1,593 24 1.1 1.1 .0

November..................... 1,619 1,660 41 1.1 1.1 .0

December..................... 1,635 1,624 -11 1.1 1.1 .0

Year and month
Table G. Revisions in other separations data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2016

January........................ 422 415 -7 0.3 0.3 0.0

February........................ 397 365 -32 0.3 0.3 .0

March........................... 380 382 2 0.3 0.3 .0

April.............................. 398 390 -8 0.3 0.3 .0

May.............................. 334 355 21 0.2 0.2 .0

June.............................. 363 351 -12 0.3 0.2 -.1

July.............................. 375 362 -13 0.3 0.3 .0

August........................ 351 350 -1 0.2 0.2 .0

September..................... 370 351 -19 0.3 0.2 -.1

October........................ 373 370 -3 0.3 0.3 .0

November..................... 322 334 12 0.2 0.2 .0

December..................... 355 375 20 0.2 0.3 .1

Year and month
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which 

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees 

program. 

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series. 

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. 

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available 

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm. 

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,713 5,666 5,587 5,631 5,539 5,626 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,214 5,133 5,103 5,056 5,065 5,173 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging3

....................... 13 18 12 16 17 16 1.8 2.6 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.3

Construction3............................... 158 237 196 178 140 147 2.3 3.4 2.8 2.6 2.0 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 348 326 314 319 342 364 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.9

Durable goods3

.......................... 190 197 199 186 194 207 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6

Nondurable goods3

...................... 159 129 115 133 148 157 3.3 2.7 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,015 1,005 1,021 1,017 1,014 967 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 198 169 185 203 182 173 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.8

Retail trade............................... 633 633 650 636 650 612 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 183 202 186 178 182 182 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1

Information3................................. 97 87 74 73 81 86 3.4 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.0

Financial activities......................... 340 339 317 324 357 393 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.5

Finance and insurance................. 275 260 242 263 272 242 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.1 4.2 3.7

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 65 79 75 61 85 152 3.0 3.5 3.4 2.7 3.8 6.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,136 1,125 1,083 1,047 989 1,125 5.4 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.6 5.2

Education and health services........... 1,169 1,086 1,161 1,135 1,158 1,135 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7

Educational services3

................... 106 108 107 86 93 84 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.3 2.5 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,063 978 1,054 1,048 1,065 1,052 5.3 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 734 724 731 756 730 708 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 73 75 96 96 89 83 3.2 3.2 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 661 650 636 660 640 625 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4

Other services3

............................. 203 185 194 192 236 232 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.2 4.0 3.9

Government................................... 499 533 484 575 474 452 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.0

Federal3

..................................... 86 102 74 82 110 73 3.0 3.5 2.6 2.8 3.8 2.5

State and local............................. 413 432 410 494 364 380 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.5 1.8 1.9

State and local education.............. 155 144 126 150 143 149 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 258 288 284 344 220 231 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.6 2.4 2.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 915 1,018 983 942 967 998 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6

South........................................... 2,140 2,071 1,978 2,079 2,008 2,036 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,286 1,248 1,278 1,263 1,253 1,321 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.9

West............................................ 1,372 1,330 1,349 1,347 1,312 1,271 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,117 5,179 5,200 5,263 5,303 5,440 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,760 4,811 4,870 4,912 4,984 5,104 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 24 29 28 30 22 28 3.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 3.2 4.1

Construction................................ 292 317 343 337 400 378 4.4 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.9 5.6

Manufacturing.............................. 279 277 279 284 293 294 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

Durable goods........................... 168 162 161 169 171 168 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 111 114 118 115 122 126 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,050 1,099 1,083 1,016 1,009 1,023 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 134 139 128 135 130 135 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3

Retail trade............................... 747 758 740 666 672 683 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 169 202 214 215 208 205 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7

Information.................................. 82 79 72 71 79 82 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.0

Financial activities......................... 213 177 170 175 190 236 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.8

Finance and insurance................. 147 117 104 114 126 167 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 66 60 66 61 64 70 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,123 1,112 1,092 1,082 1,140 1,144 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.6

Education and health services........... 590 616 638 652 642 653 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9

Educational services.................... 82 90 75 81 78 76 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 507 526 563 571 564 577 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 934 921 986 1,056 1,031 1,035 6.0 5.9 6.3 6.7 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 151 118 159 151 162 151 6.9 5.3 7.1 6.7 7.2 6.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 783 802 827 904 869 883 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.7 6.4 6.5

Other services.............................. 175 185 180 210 178 232 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.7 3.1 4.0

Government................................... 358 368 330 351 319 336 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5

Federal...................................... 40 41 41 40 45 45 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6

State and local............................. 318 327 289 311 275 291 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5

State and local education.............. 172 162 118 142 137 144 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 145 165 171 169 137 147 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 800 841 876 835 849 898 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3

South........................................... 1,833 2,021 2,066 2,021 2,074 2,073 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,224 1,145 1,140 1,192 1,176 1,169 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6

West............................................ 1,261 1,171 1,118 1,214 1,205 1,300 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.9

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,033 4,942 5,041 5,075 5,084 5,258 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,693 4,599 4,699 4,720 4,754 4,924 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 47 26 30 25 22 28 6.5 4.0 4.5 3.7 3.3 4.2

Construction................................ 274 293 322 323 369 358 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.8 5.4 5.3

Manufacturing.............................. 261 278 282 286 287 301 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

Durable goods........................... 154 165 159 165 163 168 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 107 113 123 121 124 132 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,055 1,038 1,049 1,018 958 1,004 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 139 113 122 129 142 141 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4

Retail trade............................... 723 722 732 698 631 670 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.0 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 193 203 196 191 185 194 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.5

Information.................................. 83 82 76 73 82 83 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.0

Financial activities......................... 196 166 161 160 162 211 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 132 110 99 120 107 146 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.7 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 64 55 62 40 55 65 3.0 2.6 2.9 1.9 2.5 3.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,111 1,035 1,051 1,069 1,132 1,091 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.3

Education and health services........... 584 558 592 610 596 639 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8

Educational services.................... 99 65 73 72 73 84 2.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 485 493 520 539 522 555 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 905 935 966 986 974 995 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 148 149 155 144 156 137 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.4 7.0 6.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 757 786 811 842 817 858 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.3

Other services.............................. 176 187 170 170 172 215 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.8

Government................................... 340 343 342 355 330 334 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 40 38 35 43 41 37 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.3

State and local............................. 300 306 307 313 289 297 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education.............. 161 142 136 155 133 149 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 139 163 170 158 156 148 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 809 788 796 848 812 828 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1

South........................................... 1,909 1,912 1,951 1,947 1,966 1,971 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,100 1,067 1,141 1,113 1,128 1,192 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.7

West............................................ 1,215 1,175 1,153 1,166 1,178 1,267 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total............................................... 2,894 3,076 3,078 3,080 3,085 3,220 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,727 2,902 2,912 2,909 2,915 3,044 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5

Mining and logging......................... 21 14 12 13 12 12 2.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8

Construction................................ 80 122 127 150 134 159 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 144 150 165 164 165 176 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

Durable goods........................... 79 84 88 93 89 97 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3

Nondurable goods....................... 64 66 76 71 75 79 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 644 661 681 655 623 651 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 83 68 73 87 94 97 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.7

Retail trade............................... 459 470 493 460 432 470 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 102 123 114 108 97 84 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.5

Information.................................. 40 49 42 35 49 46 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.6

Financial activities......................... 107 87 91 85 78 133 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.6

Finance and insurance................. 77 60 65 66 59 90 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 30 27 27 19 19 43 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 2.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 590 631 617 635 672 657 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.2

Education and health services........... 350 402 396 395 409 434 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9

Educational services.................... 58 42 43 44 41 47 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 292 360 353 351 367 387 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 635 680 668 693 688 659 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 59 75 69 77 73 67 2.7 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 576 605 600 616 615 592 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4

Other services3

............................. 116 106 112 83 86 119 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.1

Government................................... 167 174 167 171 170 176 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 13 14 12 17 15 14 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 154 160 155 154 155 162 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 81 76 75 80 70 75 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 73 84 80 73 85 87 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 399 422 434 475 440 433 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,175 1,234 1,229 1,207 1,250 1,210 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3

Midwest........................................ 630 675 692 695 664 756 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3

West............................................ 690 746 723 703 730 822 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total............................................... 1,724 1,516 1,593 1,660 1,624 1,625 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,608 1,407 1,482 1,539 1,525 1,526 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 23 8 11 8 6 13 3.1 1.2 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.9

Construction................................ 184 153 180 153 214 172 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.3 3.2 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 95 101 94 99 100 99 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 61 61 56 57 57 58 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 33 40 38 42 43 42 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 307 292 268 293 247 283 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 47 32 35 32 36 36 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Retail trade............................... 189 201 167 188 142 151 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 71 59 66 73 69 96 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.7

Information.................................. 27 22 20 27 23 22 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.8

Financial activities......................... 55 54 54 53 61 51 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 31 30 22 32 29 33 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 23 24 32 21 32 19 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 463 353 377 384 401 367 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8

Education and health services........... 171 118 162 183 142 128 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6

Educational services.................... 36 17 26 26 28 30 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 135 101 136 157 114 98 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 233 231 268 259 256 308 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 87 70 84 66 81 64 3.9 3.2 3.7 2.9 3.6 2.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 146 160 184 194 175 244 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.8

Other services.............................. 52 75 47 79 75 82 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.4

Government................................... 116 109 111 121 99 100 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

Federal...................................... 15 12 11 13 13 14 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 101 97 100 108 86 86 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4

State and local education.............. 56 44 39 50 40 49 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 44 53 61 57 46 37 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 335 299 299 307 310 328 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

South........................................... 589 541 576 608 566 573 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1

Midwest........................................ 394 329 362 355 387 364 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

West............................................ 406 347 357 390 361 360 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total............................................... 415 351 370 334 375 413 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 358 291 305 272 314 354 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 3 5 6 4 4 3 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5

Construction3

............................... 11 18 15 19 20 27 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 23 27 23 23 23 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 20 15 16 17 14 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 9 7 8 8 6 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 104 85 100 69 88 71 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 9 13 13 9 13 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 75 51 71 49 57 49 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 20 21 15 10 18 14 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

Information3................................. 16 11 14 11 10 15 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

Financial activities......................... 35 25 16 23 23 27 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 24 21 12 22 20 23 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 11 4 3 1 4 3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 58 50 56 50 59 67 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 63 38 34 32 45 77 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Educational services3................... 5 6 3 2 4 7 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 58 32 31 30 41 70 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 38 24 30 34 30 28 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 2 3 2 2 3 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 35 21 28 33 27 22 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 7 6 11 7 12 15 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Government................................... 57 60 64 63 62 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 12 13 12 13 10 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3

State and local............................. 45 48 52 51 49 50 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 23 22 23 24 23 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 21 26 29 27 26 25 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 75 68 63 66 62 67 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 145 138 147 132 150 187 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Midwest........................................ 77 63 87 63 77 73 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 118 82 73 73 86 85 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,679 5,116 5,582 3.9 3.4 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,203 4,658 5,152 4.2 3.6 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 13 17 16 1.8 2.5 2.3

Construction....................................................... 158 140 147 2.5 2.1 2.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 348 342 364 2.8 2.7 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 190 194 207 2.4 2.5 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 159 148 157 3.4 3.1 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 938 927 886 3.4 3.2 3.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 198 182 173 3.3 3.0 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 556 563 532 3.4 3.3 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 183 182 182 3.2 3.0 3.2

Information........................................................ 97 81 86 3.4 2.8 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 366 349 416 4.3 4.0 4.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 301 264 264 4.7 4.1 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 65 85 152 3.0 3.8 6.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,167 880 1,152 5.6 4.1 5.4

Education and health services.................................. 1,253 1,116 1,219 5.3 4.6 5.1

Educational services.......................................... 106 93 84 3.0 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,147 1,023 1,136 5.8 5.0 5.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 660 569 633 4.3 3.6 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 70 62 80 3.5 2.9 3.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 590 507 553 4.4 3.7 4.1

Other services.................................................... 203 236 232 3.5 4.0 3.9

Government.......................................................... 476 458 430 2.1 2.0 1.9

Federal............................................................. 86 110 73 3.0 3.7 2.5

State and local.................................................... 390 348 357 2.0 1.7 1.8

State and local education..................................... 132 127 127 1.3 1.2 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 258 220 231 2.8 2.4 2.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 895 935 976 3.3 3.3 3.6

South................................................................. 2,172 1,873 2,057 4.1 3.4 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,232 1,150 1,270 3.8 3.4 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,381 1,158 1,279 4.1 3.4 3.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 4,922 3,905 5,236 3.5 2.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,603 3,711 4,942 3.9 3.0 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 29 15 34 4.0 2.2 5.1

Construction....................................................... 267 231 344 4.3 3.5 5.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 295 196 310 2.4 1.6 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 183 116 183 2.4 1.5 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 112 80 127 2.5 1.7 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 886 816 869 3.3 2.9 3.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 148 95 148 2.5 1.6 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 579 506 527 3.7 3.1 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 159 215 193 2.9 3.7 3.5

Information........................................................ 96 63 98 3.5 2.3 3.6

Financial activities................................................ 236 141 264 2.9 1.7 3.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 165 94 189 2.7 1.5 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 71 46 75 3.4 2.1 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,229 929 1,255 6.3 4.5 6.3

Education and health services.................................. 617 465 682 2.8 2.0 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 78 37 71 2.3 1.0 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 539 428 611 2.9 2.2 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 778 741 860 5.3 4.8 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 114 112 114 5.8 5.4 5.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 664 629 746 5.2 4.7 5.7

Other services.................................................... 170 115 228 3.0 2.0 4.0

Government.......................................................... 319 194 294 1.4 0.9 1.3

Federal............................................................. 37 37 41 1.3 1.3 1.5

State and local.................................................... 282 157 253 1.5 0.8 1.3

State and local education..................................... 163 69 134 1.6 0.6 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 119 88 119 1.3 1.0 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 727 658 825 2.8 2.4 3.1

South................................................................. 1,889 1,508 2,117 3.7 2.8 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,127 861 1,079 3.6 2.6 3.4

West.................................................................. 1,179 879 1,216 3.7 2.6 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,539 4,851 5,780 3.9 3.3 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,216 4,562 5,461 4.4 3.7 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 47 19 29 6.5 2.9 4.4

Construction....................................................... 318 432 395 5.1 6.5 6.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 261 248 301 2.1 2.0 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 161 137 176 2.1 1.8 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 100 111 125 2.2 2.4 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,403 965 1,360 5.2 3.4 5.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 150 115 151 2.6 2.0 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 955 644 857 6.1 3.9 5.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 298 206 352 5.4 3.5 6.3

Information........................................................ 105 74 103 3.9 2.7 3.8

Financial activities................................................ 234 153 248 2.9 1.8 3.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 157 102 173 2.6 1.6 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 77 51 75 3.7 2.3 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,215 1,150 1,194 6.2 5.6 5.9

Education and health services.................................. 599 512 661 2.7 2.2 2.9

Educational services.......................................... 88 54 76 2.6 1.5 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 511 458 585 2.7 2.4 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 862 845 959 5.8 5.5 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 116 130 107 6.0 6.3 5.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 746 715 851 5.8 5.4 6.5

Other services.................................................... 172 163 211 3.1 2.9 3.7

Government.......................................................... 322 289 319 1.5 1.3 1.4

Federal............................................................. 69 40 64 2.5 1.4 2.3

State and local.................................................... 253 248 255 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local education..................................... 126 103 118 1.2 1.0 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 127 145 137 1.4 1.6 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 926 820 953 3.6 3.0 3.6

South................................................................. 2,076 1,795 2,149 4.0 3.4 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,229 1,125 1,320 3.9 3.5 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,308 1,111 1,358 4.1 3.3 4.2

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 2,890 2,614 3,220 2.0 1.8 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,747 2,483 3,068 2.3 2.0 2.5

Mining and logging............................................... 20 10 11 2.7 1.5 1.6

Construction....................................................... 71 104 142 1.1 1.6 2.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 133 121 166 1.1 1.0 1.4

Durable goods.................................................. 77 64 95 1.0 0.8 1.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 57 57 71 1.2 1.2 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 686 560 695 2.5 2.0 2.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 90 67 106 1.5 1.1 1.8

Retail trade..................................................... 498 393 509 3.2 2.4 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 98 99 80 1.8 1.7 1.4

Information........................................................ 47 43 53 1.7 1.5 2.0

Financial activities................................................ 111 66 139 1.4 0.8 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 81 47 95 1.3 0.8 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 30 19 43 1.4 0.9 2.0

Professional and business services............................ 600 594 672 3.1 2.9 3.4

Education and health services.................................. 365 336 456 1.6 1.5 2.0

Educational services.......................................... 54 28 44 1.6 0.8 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 311 308 412 1.7 1.6 2.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 598 565 615 4.1 3.7 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 46 52 51 2.3 2.5 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 552 513 564 4.3 3.8 4.3

Other services.................................................... 116 86 119 2.1 1.5 2.1

Government.......................................................... 143 131 152 0.7 0.6 0.7

Federal............................................................. 13 13 14 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local.................................................... 130 118 137 0.7 0.6 0.7

State and local education..................................... 65 47 61 0.6 0.4 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 65 70 76 0.7 0.8 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 418 381 451 1.6 1.4 1.7

South................................................................. 1,182 1,040 1,217 2.3 2.0 2.3

Midwest............................................................... 601 559 725 1.9 1.7 2.3

West.................................................................. 689 635 827 2.1 1.9 2.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 2,141 1,850 2,065 1.5 1.3 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,029 1,756 1,964 1.7 1.4 1.6

Mining and logging............................................... 23 6 13 3.2 0.9 1.9

Construction....................................................... 236 308 226 3.8 4.6 3.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 101 104 105 0.8 0.8 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 66 56 62 0.9 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 34 49 43 0.8 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 580 324 575 2.2 1.2 2.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 47 36 36 0.8 0.6 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 353 200 281 2.3 1.2 1.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 180 89 258 3.3 1.5 4.6

Information........................................................ 42 21 35 1.5 0.8 1.3

Financial activities................................................ 78 61 73 1.0 0.7 0.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 42 33 44 0.7 0.5 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 36 28 29 1.7 1.3 1.4

Professional and business services............................ 523 484 416 2.7 2.4 2.1

Education and health services.................................. 171 132 128 0.8 0.6 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 29 22 25 0.9 0.6 0.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 142 109 103 0.8 0.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 227 251 316 1.5 1.6 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 68 76 51 3.5 3.7 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 158 175 265 1.2 1.3 2.0

Other services.................................................... 49 65 77 0.9 1.2 1.4

Government.......................................................... 112 94 100 0.5 0.4 0.5

Federal............................................................. 35 13 34 1.3 0.5 1.2

State and local.................................................... 78 81 67 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local education..................................... 42 40 37 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 36 41 30 0.4 0.5 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 413 384 416 1.6 1.4 1.6

South................................................................. 721 591 715 1.4 1.1 1.4

Midwest............................................................... 519 491 495 1.7 1.5 1.6

West.................................................................. 489 385 439 1.5 1.2 1.3

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Jan.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 507 387 496 0.4 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 440 323 428 0.4 0.3 0.4

Mining and logging............................................... 4 4 5 0.6 0.5 0.8

Construction....................................................... 11 20 27 0.2 0.3 0.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 27 23 30 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 18 17 19 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 9 6 11 0.2 0.1 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 137 81 90 0.5 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 13 12 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 104 51 67 0.7 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 20 18 14 0.4 0.3 0.2

Information........................................................ 16 10 15 0.6 0.4 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 45 26 37 0.6 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 34 22 34 0.6 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 11 4 3 0.5 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 92 72 105 0.5 0.3 0.5

Education and health services.................................. 63 45 77 0.3 0.2 0.3

Educational services.......................................... 5 4 7 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 58 41 70 0.3 0.2 0.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 38 30 28 0.3 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 3 5 0.1 0.1 0.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 35 27 22 0.3 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 7 12 15 0.1 0.2 0.3

Government.......................................................... 67 64 67 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 21 14 16 0.8 0.5 0.6

State and local.................................................... 46 50 51 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education..................................... 19 16 20 0.2 0.1 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 27 34 31 0.3 0.4 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 95 56 85 0.4 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 173 164 218 0.3 0.3 0.4

Midwest............................................................... 110 76 100 0.3 0.2 0.3

West.................................................................. 130 91 92 0.4 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 13. Annual hires levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 52,332 54,320 58,657 62,050 62,719

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 48,898 50,882 55,001 57,909 58,385

Mining and logging........................................................ 376 355 398 299 299

Construction............................................................... 3,996 3,867 3,755 3,931 3,953

Manufacturing............................................................. 2,986 2,893 3,129 3,214 3,314

Durable goods.......................................................... 1,795 1,743 1,830 1,876 1,934

Nondurable goods...................................................... 1,187 1,152 1,299 1,334 1,381

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 10,478 11,151 12,811 13,012 12,667

Wholesale trade........................................................ 1,575 1,427 1,744 1,662 1,686

Retail trade.............................................................. 6,996 7,802 8,853 9,026 8,660

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 1,910 1,919 2,211 2,328 2,320

Information................................................................. 750 845 894 952 919

Financial activities......................................................... 2,196 2,415 2,318 2,366 2,316

Finance and insurance................................................ 1,420 1,584 1,510 1,586 1,519

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 778 830 805 779 795

Professional and business services.................................... 10,610 11,047 12,058 12,590 13,209

Education and health services.......................................... 6,188 6,429 6,876 7,434 7,599

Educational services................................................... 881 902 989 1,062 1,093

Health care and social assistance................................... 5,306 5,525 5,885 6,373 6,505

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 9,101 9,632 10,530 11,624 11,912

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1,549 1,569 1,769 1,811 1,833

Accommodation and food services................................... 7,551 8,062 8,761 9,813 10,078

Other services............................................................. 2,219 2,249 2,238 2,488 2,201

Government.................................................................. 3,435 3,439 3,658 4,139 4,335

Federal..................................................................... 372 370 389 487 496

State and local............................................................ 3,061 3,067 3,267 3,650 3,840

State and local education............................................. 1,527 1,571 1,555 1,813 1,888

State and local, excluding education................................ 1,536 1,498 1,711 1,838 1,951

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 8,402 8,511 8,874 9,752 10,034

South.......................................................................... 20,649 21,603 23,233 24,334 24,127

Midwest....................................................................... 11,713 11,886 13,094 13,847 14,115

West........................................................................... 11,566 12,318 13,453 14,116 14,446

1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 14. Annual hires rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 39.0 39.8 42.2 43.7 43.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 43.6 44.4 47.0 48.3 47.8

Mining and logging........................................................ 44.3 41.1 44.7 36.8 44.2

Construction............................................................... 70.8 66.0 61.0 60.8 58.9

Manufacturing............................................................. 25.0 24.1 25.7 26.0 26.8

Durable goods.......................................................... 24.0 23.1 23.8 24.2 25.1

Nondurable goods...................................................... 26.6 25.8 28.8 29.2 29.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 41.1 43.1 48.6 48.4 46.5

Wholesale trade........................................................ 27.8 24.9 30.0 28.4 28.7

Retail trade.............................................................. 47.1 51.7 57.6 57.8 54.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 38.4 38.0 42.4 42.9 41.8

Information................................................................. 28.0 31.2 32.8 34.6 33.1

Financial activities......................................................... 28.2 30.6 29.1 29.1 28.0

Finance and insurance................................................ 24.4 26.9 25.5 26.3 24.7

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 39.8 41.5 39.3 37.3 37.1

Professional and business services.................................... 59.2 59.7 63.3 64.1 65.6

Education and health services.......................................... 29.8 30.5 32.1 33.7 33.6

Educational services................................................... 26.4 26.9 28.9 30.6 30.7

Health care and social assistance................................... 30.4 31.2 32.7 34.3 34.1

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 66.1 67.6 71.7 76.7 76.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 78.7 77.3 84.1 83.6 82.0

Accommodation and food services................................... 64.0 66.0 69.6 75.5 75.3

Other services............................................................. 40.9 41.0 40.2 44.3 38.7

Government.................................................................. 15.7 15.7 16.7 18.8 19.5

Federal..................................................................... 13.2 13.4 14.2 17.7 17.7

State and local............................................................ 16.0 16.1 17.1 18.9 19.8

State and local education............................................. 15.0 15.4 15.2 17.6 18.3

State and local, excluding education................................ 17.2 16.8 19.1 20.4 21.4

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 33.3 33.4 34.4 37.2 37.7

South.......................................................................... 42.4 43.6 46.0 47.1 45.9

Midwest....................................................................... 38.6 38.7 42.1 43.8 44.0

West........................................................................... 38.7 40.1 42.6 43.6 43.8

1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual total separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 50,131 51,932 55,587 59,275 60,419

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 46,624 48,421 52,056 55,331 56,305

Mining and logging........................................................ 359 337 362 451 377

Construction............................................................... 3,884 3,641 3,432 3,587 3,841

Manufacturing............................................................. 2,805 2,774 2,921 3,147 3,341

Durable goods.......................................................... 1,653 1,650 1,669 1,879 1,975

Nondurable goods...................................................... 1,155 1,122 1,253 1,271 1,366

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 10,068 10,568 12,193 12,599 12,276

Wholesale trade........................................................ 1,480 1,367 1,668 1,650 1,642

Retail trade.............................................................. 6,836 7,389 8,551 8,829 8,440

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 1,752 1,811 1,972 2,121 2,193

Information................................................................. 759 801 882 928 919

Financial activities......................................................... 2,103 2,332 2,202 2,218 2,130

Finance and insurance................................................ 1,360 1,546 1,458 1,479 1,398

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 742 788 745 740 730

Professional and business services.................................... 10,012 10,502 11,433 12,084 12,695

Education and health services.......................................... 5,805 6,166 6,354 6,791 7,064

Educational services................................................... 867 862 892 983 1,033

Health care and social assistance................................... 4,938 5,304 5,462 5,807 6,031

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 8,643 9,130 10,096 11,098 11,526

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1,466 1,493 1,708 1,717 1,767

Accommodation and food services................................... 7,175 7,637 8,387 9,383 9,759

Other services............................................................. 2,183 2,163 2,181 2,432 2,132

Government.................................................................. 3,508 3,512 3,531 3,943 4,114

Federal..................................................................... 397 439 381 452 455

State and local............................................................ 3,111 3,070 3,148 3,489 3,656

State and local education............................................. 1,546 1,572 1,489 1,721 1,788

State and local, excluding education................................ 1,566 1,500 1,662 1,768 1,869

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 8,289 8,471 8,733 9,317 9,621

South.......................................................................... 19,727 20,347 21,931 23,409 23,335

Midwest....................................................................... 11,340 11,157 12,244 12,918 13,446

West........................................................................... 10,779 11,957 12,679 13,630 14,014

1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 16. Annual total separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 37.4 38.1 40.0 41.8 41.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 41.5 42.3 44.5 46.2 46.1

Mining and logging........................................................ 42.3 39.0 40.6 55.5 55.7

Construction............................................................... 68.8 62.2 55.8 55.5 57.2

Manufacturing............................................................. 23.5 23.1 24.0 25.5 27.1

Durable goods.......................................................... 22.1 21.9 21.7 24.2 25.6

Nondurable goods...................................................... 25.9 25.1 27.8 27.8 29.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 39.5 40.9 46.2 46.9 45.1

Wholesale trade........................................................ 26.1 23.8 28.7 28.2 28.0

Retail trade.............................................................. 46.1 49.0 55.7 56.6 53.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 35.3 35.9 37.8 39.1 39.5

Information................................................................. 28.4 29.6 32.4 33.7 33.1

Financial activities......................................................... 27.0 29.6 27.6 27.3 25.7

Finance and insurance................................................ 23.3 26.3 24.6 24.5 22.8

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 38.0 39.4 36.4 35.4 34.1

Professional and business services.................................... 55.8 56.7 60.0 61.5 63.0

Education and health services.......................................... 28.0 29.2 29.6 30.8 31.2

Educational services................................................... 26.0 25.7 26.1 28.3 29.0

Health care and social assistance................................... 28.3 29.9 30.3 31.3 31.6

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 62.8 64.1 68.7 73.2 73.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 74.5 73.5 81.2 79.3 79.1

Accommodation and food services................................... 60.8 62.5 66.6 72.2 72.9

Other services............................................................. 40.2 39.4 39.2 43.3 37.5

Government.................................................................. 16.0 16.1 16.1 17.9 18.5

Federal..................................................................... 14.1 15.9 13.9 16.4 16.3

State and local............................................................ 16.3 16.1 16.4 18.1 18.8

State and local education............................................. 15.2 15.5 14.6 16.8 17.3

State and local, excluding education................................ 17.5 16.8 18.6 19.6 20.5

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 32.8 33.3 33.9 35.6 36.1

South.......................................................................... 40.5 41.1 43.4 45.3 44.4

Midwest....................................................................... 37.4 36.4 39.4 40.9 41.9

West........................................................................... 36.1 38.9 40.2 42.1 42.5

1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 17. Annual quits levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 25,142 27,715 30,582 33,718 36,091

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 23,594 26,137 28,895 31,837 34,051

Mining and logging........................................................ 195 171 183 177 160

Construction............................................................... 984 1,190 1,310 1,365 1,469

Manufacturing............................................................. 1,291 1,317 1,448 1,637 1,799

Durable goods.......................................................... 718 746 800 936 1,000

Nondurable goods...................................................... 573 572 646 698 801

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 5,614 6,044 7,018 7,533 7,758

Wholesale trade........................................................ 691 713 906 933 1,012

Retail trade.............................................................. 4,051 4,456 5,148 5,481 5,568

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 874 876 963 1,119 1,181

Information................................................................. 439 427 486 505 483

Financial activities......................................................... 1,096 1,183 1,156 1,209 1,192

Finance and insurance................................................ 709 794 748 819 797

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 387 388 410 391 396

Professional and business services.................................... 4,393 5,277 5,618 6,283 7,234

Education and health services.......................................... 3,310 3,656 3,852 4,507 4,680

Educational services................................................... 402 396 449 530 567

Health care and social assistance................................... 2,907 3,261 3,403 3,976 4,113

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 5,190 5,706 6,553 7,276 7,993

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 517 575 624 657 826

Accommodation and food services................................... 4,675 5,132 5,929 6,617 7,168

Other services............................................................. 1,079 1,170 1,272 1,350 1,280

Government.................................................................. 1,548 1,576 1,687 1,882 2,038

Federal..................................................................... 131 134 122 150 161

State and local............................................................ 1,417 1,439 1,563 1,729 1,877

State and local education............................................. 770 747 754 867 912

State and local, excluding education................................ 647 695 812 863 965

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 3,675 3,867 4,165 4,749 5,011

South.......................................................................... 10,596 11,530 12,755 13,988 14,501

Midwest....................................................................... 5,653 6,229 6,821 7,421 8,072

West........................................................................... 5,219 6,090 6,839 7,561 8,512

1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 18. Annual quits rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 18.7 20.3 22.0 23.8 25.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 21.0 22.8 24.7 26.6 27.9

Mining and logging........................................................ 23.0 19.8 20.5 21.8 23.6

Construction............................................................... 17.4 20.3 21.3 21.1 21.9

Manufacturing............................................................. 10.8 11.0 11.9 13.3 14.6

Durable goods.......................................................... 9.6 9.9 10.4 12.1 13.0

Nondurable goods...................................................... 12.9 12.8 14.3 15.3 17.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 22.0 23.4 26.6 28.0 28.5

Wholesale trade........................................................ 12.2 12.4 15.6 15.9 17.2

Retail trade.............................................................. 27.3 29.6 33.5 35.1 35.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 17.6 17.3 18.5 20.6 21.3

Information................................................................. 16.4 15.8 17.8 18.4 17.4

Financial activities......................................................... 14.1 15.0 14.5 14.9 14.4

Finance and insurance................................................ 12.2 13.5 12.6 13.6 13.0

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 19.8 19.4 20.0 18.7 18.5

Professional and business services.................................... 24.5 28.5 29.5 32.0 35.9

Education and health services.......................................... 15.9 17.3 18.0 20.5 20.7

Educational services................................................... 12.0 11.8 13.1 15.3 15.9

Health care and social assistance................................... 16.7 18.4 18.9 21.4 21.6

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 37.7 40.0 44.6 48.0 51.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 26.3 28.3 29.7 30.3 37.0

Accommodation and food services................................... 39.6 42.0 47.1 50.9 53.5

Other services............................................................. 19.9 21.3 22.8 24.0 22.5

Government.................................................................. 7.1 7.2 7.7 8.5 9.2

Federal..................................................................... 4.6 4.8 4.5 5.4 5.8

State and local............................................................ 7.4 7.5 8.2 9.0 9.7

State and local education............................................. 7.6 7.3 7.4 8.4 8.8

State and local, excluding education................................ 7.2 7.8 9.1 9.6 10.6

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 14.6 15.2 16.2 18.1 18.8

South.......................................................................... 21.7 23.3 25.2 27.1 27.6

Midwest....................................................................... 18.6 20.3 21.9 23.5 25.2

West........................................................................... 17.5 19.8 21.7 23.4 25.8

1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 20,942 19,888 20,398 20,954 19,911

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 19,747 18,733 19,328 19,658 18,585

Mining and logging........................................................ 138 139 140 242 170

Construction............................................................... 2,791 2,324 1,979 2,073 2,188

Manufacturing............................................................. 1,259 1,183 1,174 1,232 1,254

Durable goods.......................................................... 771 740 692 767 792

Nondurable goods...................................................... 486 444 482 464 459

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 3,543 3,550 3,900 3,836 3,418

Wholesale trade........................................................ 658 525 621 585 487

Retail trade.............................................................. 2,208 2,312 2,468 2,437 2,105

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 674 713 810 815 824

Information................................................................. 260 303 307 304 304

Financial activities......................................................... 628 720 672 699 650

Finance and insurance................................................ 345 404 402 416 369

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 285 317 271 285 281

Professional and business services.................................... 5,030 4,675 5,177 5,073 4,780

Education and health services.......................................... 1,992 1,940 2,003 1,734 1,915

Educational services................................................... 400 405 384 382 400

Health care and social assistance................................... 1,592 1,533 1,621 1,352 1,514

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 3,111 3,032 3,202 3,506 3,142

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 929 879 1,051 1,015 909

Accommodation and food services................................... 2,182 2,151 2,149 2,492 2,231

Other services............................................................. 994 867 770 956 766

Government.................................................................. 1,196 1,154 1,069 1,297 1,326

Federal..................................................................... 139 149 129 163 153

State and local............................................................ 1,056 1,007 941 1,134 1,173

State and local education............................................. 474 504 456 558 576

State and local, excluding education................................ 582 503 485 578 597

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 3,798 3,769 3,723 3,659 3,851

South.......................................................................... 7,687 7,224 7,364 7,618 7,086

Midwest....................................................................... 4,739 4,037 4,461 4,617 4,472

West........................................................................... 4,722 4,860 4,850 5,061 4,504

1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 20. Annual layoffs and discharges rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 15.6 14.6 14.7 14.8 13.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 17.6 16.4 16.5 16.4 15.2

Mining and logging........................................................ 16.3 16.1 15.7 29.8 25.1

Construction............................................................... 49.4 39.7 32.2 32.1 32.6

Manufacturing............................................................. 10.6 9.8 9.6 10.0 10.2

Durable goods.......................................................... 10.3 9.8 9.0 9.9 10.3

Nondurable goods...................................................... 10.9 9.9 10.7 10.1 9.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 13.9 13.7 14.8 14.3 12.6

Wholesale trade........................................................ 11.6 9.2 10.7 10.0 8.3

Retail trade.............................................................. 14.9 15.3 16.1 15.6 13.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 13.6 14.1 15.5 15.0 14.9

Information................................................................. 9.7 11.2 11.3 11.1 11.0

Financial activities......................................................... 8.1 9.1 8.4 8.6 7.8

Finance and insurance................................................ 5.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.0

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 14.6 15.9 13.2 13.6 13.1

Professional and business services.................................... 28.1 25.2 27.2 25.8 23.7

Education and health services.......................................... 9.6 9.2 9.3 7.9 8.5

Educational services................................................... 12.0 12.1 11.2 11.0 11.2

Health care and social assistance................................... 9.1 8.6 9.0 7.3 7.9

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 22.6 21.3 21.8 23.1 20.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 47.2 43.3 50.0 46.9 40.7

Accommodation and food services................................... 18.5 17.6 17.1 19.2 16.7

Other services............................................................. 18.3 15.8 13.8 17.0 13.5

Government.................................................................. 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.9 6.0

Federal..................................................................... 4.9 5.4 4.7 5.9 5.5

State and local............................................................ 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.9 6.0

State and local education............................................. 4.7 5.0 4.5 5.4 5.6

State and local, excluding education................................ 6.5 5.6 5.4 6.4 6.6

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 15.0 14.8 14.5 14.0 14.5

South.......................................................................... 15.8 14.6 14.6 14.7 13.5

Midwest....................................................................... 15.6 13.2 14.3 14.6 13.9

West........................................................................... 15.8 15.8 15.4 15.6 13.7

1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 21. Annual other separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 4,047 4,327 4,605 4,603 4,418

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 3,283 3,549 3,834 3,835 3,670

Mining and logging........................................................ 20 27 37 35 48

Construction............................................................... 111 128 143 151 184

Manufacturing............................................................. 256 274 301 277 289

Durable goods.......................................................... 162 166 175 175 182

Nondurable goods...................................................... 96 106 126 104 107

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 913 975 1,275 1,228 1,099

Wholesale trade........................................................ 130 131 138 128 144

Retail trade.............................................................. 575 621 936 908 768

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 207 223 199 189 186

Information................................................................. 62 76 89 120 132

Financial activities......................................................... 378 430 370 309 287

Finance and insurance................................................ 308 345 307 244 237

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 71 83 65 62 52

Professional and business services.................................... 593 548 638 730 681

Education and health services.......................................... 502 571 499 548 468

Educational services................................................... 63 60 61 69 66

Health care and social assistance................................... 439 509 439 477 401

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 343 394 347 319 393

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 27 37 36 44 35

Accommodation and food services................................... 316 354 309 273 358

Other services............................................................. 109 127 139 124 88

Government.................................................................. 762 780 771 766 748

Federal..................................................................... 127 155 129 143 140

State and local............................................................ 636 624 643 625 607

State and local education............................................. 299 322 278 297 298

State and local, excluding education................................ 337 303 363 333 311

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 817 832 839 910 762

South.......................................................................... 1,445 1,597 1,813 1,805 1,752

Midwest....................................................................... 945 892 961 882 904

West........................................................................... 841 1,009 991 1,007 1,002

1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 22. Annual other separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total.............................................................................. 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.0

Mining and logging........................................................ 2.4 3.1 4.2 4.3 7.1

Construction............................................................... 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.7

Manufacturing............................................................. 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.3

Durable goods.......................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4

Nondurable goods...................................................... 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 3.6 3.8 4.8 4.6 4.0

Wholesale trade........................................................ 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.5

Retail trade.............................................................. 3.9 4.1 6.1 5.8 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 4.2 4.4 3.8 3.5 3.4

Information................................................................. 2.3 2.8 3.3 4.4 4.8

Financial activities......................................................... 4.9 5.5 4.6 3.8 3.5

Finance and insurance................................................ 5.3 5.9 5.2 4.0 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 3.6 4.2 3.2 3.0 2.4

Professional and business services.................................... 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.4

Education and health services.......................................... 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.1

Educational services................................................... 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9

Health care and social assistance................................... 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.1

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.6

Accommodation and food services................................... 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.1 2.7

Other services............................................................. 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.5

Government.................................................................. 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4

Federal..................................................................... 4.5 5.6 4.7 5.2 5.0

State and local............................................................ 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.1

State and local education............................................. 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.9

State and local, excluding education................................ 3.8 3.4 4.1 3.7 3.4

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 2.9

South.......................................................................... 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.3

Midwest....................................................................... 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.8

West........................................................................... 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0

1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.