U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – AUGUST 2020 

U.S. import prices rose 0.9 percent in August, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, following 

advances of 1.2 percent in July and 1.4 percent in June. Higher prices for both fuel and nonfuel imports 

contributed to the August increase. Prices for U.S. exports also advanced in August, rising 0.5 percent, after 

increasing 0.9 percent the previous month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: August 2019 – August 2020

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports advanced 0.9 percent in August, after rising 3.3 percent from April to July. Prior to 

that, import prices decreased 5.6 percent from January to April. Despite the recent increases, U.S. import 

prices declined 1.4 percent for the year ended in August. (See table 1.) 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on August 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 

methodology for the August release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 

August were 3.5-percentage points lower than those in August 2019. A small number of indexes that are 

normally published were not published in August. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-august-2020.htm. 

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, September 15, 2020 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-20-1735
2

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuel rose 3.3 percent in August following increases of 15.1 

percent in July, 21.3 percent in June, and 13.9 percent in May. In August, higher prices for both petroleum 

and natural gas contributed to the advance. Petroleum prices increased 2.9 percent in August, after rising 

63.3 percent from April to July. The price index for natural gas advanced 12.2 percent in August following a 

9.1-percent drop the previous month. Despite the increases in each of the past 4 months, import fuel prices 

fell 22.2 percent from August 2019 to August 2020. Prices for petroleum declined 24.1 percent and natural 

gas prices increased 53.0 percent over the past year. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices rose 0.7 percent in August, after increasing 0.2 percent 

in July and 0.3 percent in June. The August advance was the largest monthly increase since a 0.8-percent 

rise in April 2011. In August, the increase was driven by a 3.6-percent advance in nonfuel industrial 

supplies and materials prices. The price index for nonfuel imports rose 0.8 percent from August 2019 to 

August 2020. 

 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 

rose 3.6 percent in August, the largest 1-month advance since the index was first published in December 

2001. The August increase was led by higher prices for unfinished metals and selected building materials. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories increased in August. Consumer 

goods prices rose 0.2 percent, after advancing 0.3 percent in July. The August increase was driven by higher 

prices for coins, gems, jewelry, and collectibles. Prices for capital goods and automotive vehicles each 

ticked up 0.1 percent in August. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices advanced 0.4 percent in August following 

declines of 0.9 percent in July and 0.4 percent in June. The increase in August was led by rising prices for 

meat, food oils and oilseeds, and vegetables. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: August 2019 – August 2020 

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports increased 0.5 percent in August, after advancing 0.9 percent in July and 1.8 

percent in June. In August, rising nonagricultural prices more than offset falling agricultural prices. U.S. 

export prices declined 2.8 percent over the past 12 months, the smallest over-the-year decrease since 

February 2020. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports declined 2.2 percent in August following consecutive 

1.6-percent increases in July and June. In August, declining prices for vegetables, corn, and dairy products, 

which fell 11.8 percent, 7.1 percent, and 9.9 percent, respectively, drove the drop in agricultural prices. 

Export agricultural prices also fell over the past year, decreasing 2.9 percent led by a 16.1-percent drop in 

corn prices, a 24.4-percent fall in nut prices, and a 5.0-percent decline in meat prices. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices advanced 0.8 percent in August, after 

increasing 0.9 percent in July and 1.7 percent in June. The August rise was primarily led by higher 

nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices; rising prices for consumer goods, capital goods, and 

nonagricultural foods also contributed to the increase. The price index for nonagricultural exports decreased 

2.8 percent for the year ended in August. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, 

consumer goods, nonagricultural foods, and automotive vehicles more than offset higher capital goods 

prices. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 

and materials increased 2.3 percent in August following advances of 2.2 percent in July and 6.1 percent in 

June. The August rise was driven by higher prices for nonferrous metals, chemicals, and fuel. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in August. Prices for export consumer goods rose 

0.3 percent, after increasing 0.2 percent in July. The August advance was the largest 1-month rise since a 

0.3-percent increase in July 2019 and was led by a 0.3-percent advance in medicinal, pharmaceutical, and 

dental materials prices. The price index for export capital goods rose 0.1 percent in August following a 0.3-

percent increase the previous month. Automotive vehicles prices were unchanged in August. 

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1.0

2.0

3.0

Aug'19 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China was unchanged in August 

following a 0.2-percent advance the previous month. Prices for imports from China declined 0.3 percent 

over the past 12 months. Import prices from Japan were unchanged for the second consecutive month in 

August. The price index for imports from Japan decreased 0.2 percent for the year ended in August. Prices 

for imports from Canada increased 3.3 percent in August, after advancing 20.1 percent from April to July. 

Despite the recent increases, import prices from Canada fell 4.6 percent for the year ended in August. The 

price indexes for imports from Mexico and the European Union also rose in August, increasing 0.9 percent 

and 0.4 percent, respectively. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China advanced 0.8 percent in August, after rising 

1.3 percent the previous month. Prices for exports to China were unchanged over the past year. The price 

index for exports to Japan increased 0.6 percent for the second consecutive month in August following a 

4.4-percent advance in June. Despite the recent increases, export prices to Japan decreased 2.1 percent from 

August 2019 to August 2020. Prices for exports to Canada rose 0.7 percent in August, after advances of 1.3 

percent in July and 1.6 percent in June. The price index for exports to Canada declined 1.9 percent over the 

past 12 months. Export prices to Mexico and the European Union also increased in August, rising 0.5 

percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 

China advanced 0.8 percent in August, after rising 5.2 percent from April to July, the largest 3-month 

advance since the index was first published in December 2017. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 0.6 

percent for the second consecutive month in August following a 4.1-percent increase in June. In contrast, 

the index for U.S. terms of trade with Canada fell 2.5 percent in August, after declining 14.2 percent from 

April to July. In August, higher import prices from Canada more than offset increasing export prices to 

Canada. The U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the European Union also decreased in August, declining 

0.4 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares ticked up 0.1 percent in August, after falling 4.0 percent in July and 

rising 7.0 percent in June. In August, rising prices for Asian fares more than offset lower European and 

Latin American/Caribbean fares. Import air passenger fares declined 8.9 percent over the past 12 months. 

The price index for import air freight advanced 1.8 percent in August following a 14.0-percent drop in July 

and a 3.1-percent decrease in June. Import air freight prices rose 55.8 percent from August 2019 to August 

2020. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares increased 3.1 percent in August, after advancing 5.5 percent in July and 

6.4 percent in June. The August rise was led by a 17.5-percent increase in Asian fares, which rose 43.0 

percent from April to August. Despite the recent advances, overall export air passenger fares declined 5.8 

percent for the year ended in August. Prices for export air freight increased 1.1 percent in August following 

a 0.1-percent decrease the previous month and a 2.2-percent advance in June. The index for export air 

freight prices rose 3.3 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month advance since the index increased 3.8 

percent for the year ended February 2019. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for September are scheduled for release on Thursday, October 15, 

2020 at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to

August 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 122.1 123.2 -1.4 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 86.395 99.3 100.0 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.7

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 92.946 112.2 113.0 1.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.7

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 92.608 116.2 117.0 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.7

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.213 176.9 177.6 -0.3 1.8 -0.4 -0.9 0.4

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.837 193.1 194.3 0.3 2.9 -0.2 -1.2 0.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.377 140.5 140.0 -2.3 -2.3 -1.1 0.2 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 21.360 166.9 172.8 -7.0 3.1 7.0 5.7 3.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.510 152.9 158.9 4.9 -0.3 1.5 0.9 3.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 13.985 173.9 180.2 3.6 -0.5 1.4 1.3 3.6

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.913 169.7 179.4 7.9 -0.2 1.9 1.9 5.7

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.394 132.0 133.3 -0.2 -0.5 0.8 -0.5 1.0

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 7.392 155.5 160.6 -22.2 13.9 21.3 15.1 3.3

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 7.054 167.1 172.0 -24.1 14.5 22.5 16.5 2.9

Crude........................................ 10000 4.759 168.2 172.9 -25.7 18.9 34.4 21.4 2.8

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.338 91.0 100.2 34.9 5.3 4.2 -7.8 10.1

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.280 79.8 89.5 53.0 6.4 5.3 -9.1 12.2

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.510 108.8 108.1 -7.1 0.1 3.0 -1.5 -0.6

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.546 150.1 150.4 -3.1 -1.1 0.3 0.3 0.2

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.644 153.3 169.4 19.8 0.8 2.8 4.6 10.5

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.596 237.0 257.1 10.2 -1.4 3.2 2.1 8.5

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.850 159.6 160.8 2.0 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.8

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.823 112.2 113.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7

Capital goods................................... 2 29.279 88.4 88.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.709 121.3 121.3 1.4 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.164 80.3 80.4 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.406 135.4 135.4 -1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.967 110.5 110.6 0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.180 106.8 107.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.451 124.5 124.5 0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.457 90.5 90.8 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.272 114.9 115.7 -0.7 – 1.1 0.0 0.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to

August 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 121.4 122.0 -2.8 0.0 1.8 0.9 0.5

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.440 175.1 171.3 -2.9 -0.4 1.6 1.6 -2.2

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.464 101.4 102.1 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.7

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.560 117.3 118.2 -2.8 0.0 1.7 0.9 0.8

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.737 178.7 175.0 -3.0 -0.5 1.2 1.6 -2.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.225 178.1 174.0 -2.6 -0.4 1.8 1.7 -2.3

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.512 192.5 195.1 -9.3 -1.3 -8.0 -0.8 1.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 30.785 137.8 140.8 -8.1 0.3 5.8 2.1 2.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.047 172.2 179.6 7.5 0.4 1.1 1.4 4.3

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 19.738 123.7 124.9 -15.1 0.4 8.6 2.6 1.0

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.187 161.6 159.6 -4.9 0.0 -0.1 0.5 -1.2

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 29.598 137.1 140.3 -8.2 0.3 6.1 2.2 2.3

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 8.799 128.6 130.0 -26.3 1.5 23.7 4.8 1.1

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.842 156.6 161.2 2.3 0.0 0.1 1.2 2.9

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.957 118.4 119.3 0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.4 0.8

Capital goods................................... 2 37.774 111.6 111.7 0.8 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.1

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.912 120.1 120.0 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 24.542 95.1 95.2 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.319 184.7 184.8 1.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.070 113.9 113.9 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.634 109.4 109.7 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.123 107.9 108.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.6 0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.094 107.2 107.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5 0.1 0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.417 92.6 93.0 -6.1 – 0.1 -0.2 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2019 to August 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 7.272 89.1 91.3 -17.8 12.4 19.2 13.1 2.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.917 176.9 178.6 2.2 6.1 -0.5 -0.8 1.0

Crop production............................... 111 1.591 191.3 192.7 3.5 8.3 -0.6 -1.1 0.7

Mining............................................ 21 5.355 78.1 80.4 -23.1 16.4 30.4 19.1 2.9

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 5.094 76.8 79.2 -23.9 18.1 32.6 20.2 3.1

Manufacturing..................................... 92.423 110.2 111.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.538 125.1 125.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.526 152.1 153.0 -0.8 0.4 0.3 -0.9 0.6

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.190 128.4 129.7 2.9 -0.7 0.0 0.1 1.0

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.388 101.9 101.8 1.8 0.2 -0.1 3.5 -0.1

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.948 106.5 106.2 -1.9 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.3

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.813 112.9 112.9 0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.672 124.2 123.6 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.5

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.062 120.6 122.4 -2.5 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.5

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 0.927 114.3 136.9 – 1.7 5.5 9.2 19.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.004 106.8 106.9 -3.7 0.0 2.1 -0.9 0.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.094 76.6 78.9 -21.6 9.1 6.0 7.7 3.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.295 136.1 136.1 -1.8 -0.7 0.2 0.4 0.0

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.452 120.5 121.1 1.9 -0.1 0.3 1.4 0.5

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.095 130.8 130.7 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 62.824 103.8 104.4 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.6

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.180 158.8 170.3 9.6 -0.5 2.4 2.4 7.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.281 126.3 126.7 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.907 119.8 119.9 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.415 72.1 72.1 -0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.604 117.9 117.9 0.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.007 109.6 109.8 0.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.922 114.8 114.9 -1.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.507 118.3 119.4 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2019 to August 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.907 109.5 110.0 -13.5 1.5 12.2 3.3 0.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.555 143.6 140.1 -4.6 -1.1 0.4 2.5 -2.4

Crop production............................... 111 4.234 151.3 147.0 -4.0 -1.2 1.4 2.6 -2.8

Mining............................................ 21 4.352 60.9 63.0 -21.5 5.3 28.0 4.1 3.4

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.124 88.6 92.1 -18.4 -2.9 -2.0 -1.3 4.0

Manufacturing..................................... 89.784 114.1 114.6 -1.8 -0.2 0.8 0.6 0.4

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.881 139.7 138.2 -2.1 0.2 0.9 0.3 -1.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.717 157.6 155.3 -2.6 0.2 1.2 0.8 -1.5

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.668 124.3 123.2 0.2 1.1 1.0 -0.9 -0.9

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 23.057 103.1 103.5 -9.3 -0.9 2.9 1.6 0.4

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.484 96.4 97.2 0.9 -0.5 0.5 0.2 0.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.531 118.0 117.6 -3.9 -0.3 0.5 -0.5 -0.3

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 4.344 74.6 74.8 -30.4 -3.1 19.7 4.9 0.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.254 114.2 114.9 -3.0 -0.6 -0.4 1.2 0.6

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.382 117.3 117.4 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.856 118.2 118.1 0.3 -0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.846 116.3 117.1 1.6 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.580 166.2 179.9 18.8 0.9 1.7 2.0 8.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.158 150.0 150.3 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 10.072 130.2 130.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 14.222 82.6 82.7 1.0 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.897 118.1 118.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 18.091 129.5 129.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.411 124.7 124.7 1.8 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.415 117.7 118.1 -2.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to

August 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.332 187.9 189.4 -3.6 0.4 1.4 -2.4 0.8

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.381 264.4 271.3 2.8 8.4 6.9 -9.2 2.6

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.688 129.7 128.7 -8.3 -3.7 -2.1 0.7 -0.8

Vegetable products............................... II 1.957 211.2 212.9 3.3 7.0 -0.3 -1.1 0.8

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.469 488.7 495.3 -0.3 15.0 -2.4 1.2 1.4

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.642 107.5 107.4 -6.1 6.6 -1.4 -5.9 -0.1

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.350 220.3 220.6 15.4 1.1 -0.7 3.7 0.1

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.250 86.2 89.0 4.6 1.3 -0.8 1.3 3.2

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.034 168.0 168.7 1.1 -0.7 0.0 -0.1 0.4

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.205 99.2 99.3 2.8 0.4 0.8 -2.6 0.1

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.369 168.4 168.4 -2.2 -1.1 0.1 -0.4 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.142 139.6 139.7 2.5 -0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 7.547 158.6 163.5 -21.0 12.9 20.0 14.3 3.1

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 7.195 154.3 159.2 -22.0 14.0 21.3 15.1 3.2

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.660 154.2 154.3 -1.5 -0.5 -0.1 0.4 0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.458 267.1 266.4 -4.4 -2.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.105 121.1 121.5 -4.0 -1.0 -0.6 0.9 0.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.036 155.2 155.1 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.5 -0.1

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.633 103.0 103.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 0.1

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.596 100.1 100.2 -2.8 0.3 0.1 -0.5 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.762 141.5 143.1 2.2 -0.8 1.3 2.4 1.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.496 142.1 143.3 0.4 -1.0 1.3 1.7 0.8

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.265 142.3 144.9 6.2 -0.4 1.3 3.6 1.8

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.629 124.3 124.2 0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.6 -0.1

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.603 131.2 131.1 0.3 -0.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.956 166.1 199.3 39.7 1.6 5.7 9.1 20.0

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 0.931 115.0 138.6 – 1.6 5.8 9.4 20.5

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.032 111.9 111.2 -5.2 0.2 1.7 -0.8 -0.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.711 105.6 104.8 -4.6 0.1 0.5 -0.7 -0.8

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.945 114.5 114.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 2.000 105.0 105.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.662 122.5 122.5 1.4 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.641 100.1 100.1 -1.9 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to

August 2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.409 124.7 123.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.6

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.179 123.1 122.2 0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.3 -0.7

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.983 131.7 131.7 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.030 202.4 220.5 18.9 -0.3 2.9 1.2 8.9

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.493 166.2 168.8 -2.5 -0.1 0.7 1.2 1.6

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.059 186.8 190.5 -11.2 -3.8 0.3 -0.4 2.0

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.709 146.4 146.3 -2.0 -0.2 0.2 0.3 -0.1

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.449 282.9 291.9 9.4 8.9 3.9 6.0 3.2

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.905 124.9 129.2 0.8 -1.0 0.9 3.8 3.4

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.471 123.1 123.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.540 133.8 133.1 -2.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 31.157 79.2 79.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.874 85.1 85.2 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.283 73.6 73.6 0.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.071 114.2 114.3 0.9 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.932 113.4 113.5 1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.162 102.0 102.1 0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.887 98.2 98.3 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.516 110.9 110.8 -0.9 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.842 116.6 116.4 -1.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.401 101.6 101.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.274 126.8 126.8 -1.5 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to

August 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.985 210.9 206.5 -5.1 0.5 1.7 1.0 -2.1

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.170 161.8 161.2 -6.1 5.5 0.2 -1.9 -0.4

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.311 102.4 104.0 -12.4 -2.3 -9.8 -1.2 1.6

Vegetable products............................... II 4.245 189.4 183.3 -3.8 -1.6 1.7 2.6 -3.2

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.870 120.8 120.9 -10.6 0.0 -3.8 -1.7 0.1

Cereals............................................ 10 1.375 186.4 176.5 -9.2 -4.3 2.6 2.2 -5.3

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.493 192.5 192.9 4.7 -1.9 1.0 4.1 0.2

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.127 153.7 150.4 -2.4 0.9 0.4 1.7 -2.1

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100). . . .. 20 0.329 95.9 95.3 – -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.599 98.9 99.2 0.4 -0.6 -0.6 0.9 0.3

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.604 112.3 103.1 -7.0 7.1 4.8 6.3 -8.2

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.719 212.0 209.1 -2.8 0.0 -1.4 -0.1 -1.4

Mineral products.................................. V 8.698 154.2 157.5 -25.9 0.9 23.6 4.5 2.1

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.383 88.7 99.7 1.4 -3.0 2.0 4.7 12.4

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.114 145.5 148.1 -27.3 1.2 25.8 4.6 1.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.025 134.9 135.0 -2.6 -0.7 -0.1 0.6 0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.721 138.0 138.0 -7.9 1.7 -0.1 -1.4 0.0

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.389 130.2 131.7 -7.1 -2.5 -1.5 0.9 1.2

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.239 107.6 108.0 0.1 -0.4 0.6 1.0 0.4

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.554 105.9 100.6 -5.9 -0.2 0.1 2.1 -5.0

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.886 127.9 128.2 -1.8 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.2

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.508 126.0 125.9 1.0 -0.4 0.2 0.6 -0.1

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.063 156.9 157.1 1.0 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.098 136.8 139.1 -2.8 -0.9 -1.3 0.5 1.7

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.191 133.1 135.7 -3.1 -1.1 -1.6 0.5 2.0

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.907 152.1 152.6 -0.7 -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.596 95.6 96.4 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.8

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.850 122.5 122.8 0.3 1.3 0.3 -0.2 0.2

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.515 119.4 120.7 – 6.3 0.6 0.2 1.1

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.042 121.9 121.7 -2.6 -0.4 0.2 -0.9 -0.2

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.698 117.3 117.3 -0.1 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.0

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.453 110.3 110.0 1.2 3.3 1.2 3.2 -0.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.829 126.9 126.9 -0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to

August 2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.481 99.7 99.7 – -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 5.026 280.1 301.0 16.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 7.5

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.649 153.7 155.6 -1.1 -0.1 0.6 1.7 1.2

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.526 180.7 188.3 9.0 2.1 6.6 9.1 4.2

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.674 94.2 97.9 -3.7 -2.9 -0.5 3.4 3.9

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.352 156.0 155.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.305 98.1 98.2 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 17.435 115.9 115.9 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 0.3 0.0

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.870 79.1 79.1 1.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.724 137.6 137.7 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.230 116.0 116.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 6.206 110.5 110.7 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.392 114.1 114.3 1.3 -0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.774 132.8 132.8 1.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.457 89.3 89.6 1.1 -0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2019 to August 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 123.0 124.6 -1.4 0.5 4.0 1.2 1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.065 144.4 148.2 -17.9 12.2 69.8 9.9 2.6

Manufacturing................................ 90.433 120.6 122.0 0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.4 1.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 127.7 131.9 -4.6 1.9 13.8 3.7 3.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 26.951 141.3 145.2 -17.9 13.9 79.6 10.5 2.8

Manufacturing................................ 72.214 127.1 131.5 1.4 -0.2 1.1 1.4 3.5

European Union............................... 100.000 137.4 138.0 0.9 -0.1 0.4 0.7 0.4

Manufacturing................................ 99.018 133.7 134.2 0.7 -0.2 0.5 0.8 0.4

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.4 128.8 0.8 -0.2 0.5 1.3 0.3

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 112.5 113.0 0.5 -0.7 -0.1 -0.1 0.4

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 119.7 120.3 -0.9 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.5

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 143.6 145.0 -1.2 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.788 213.9 216.4 -14.4 17.5 10.3 5.5 1.2

Manufacturing................................ 86.922 120.4 121.5 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.9

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.2 128.4 0.9 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.9

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 6.821 113.6 116.3 -13.9 19.6 6.9 0.7 2.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 92.892 88.8 89.6 2.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.9

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 97.8 97.9 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.2 98.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.7 96.7 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 97.8 97.7 -1.1 -0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.1

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 86.2 85.7 -2.3 0.1 0.7 0.5 -0.6

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.2 97.4 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.2

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 149.9 153.3 -13.2 2.3 -5.1 18.8 2.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2019 to August 2020

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 101.1 101.9 -1.0 0.0 1.7 1.1 0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.770 86.8 85.9 -17.1 1.9 19.1 3.2 -1.0

Manufacturing................................ 89.893 102.9 103.8 0.7 -0.2 0.4 0.8 0.9

Canada.......................................... 100.000 101.3 102.0 -1.9 0.1 1.6 1.3 0.7

European Union............................... 100.000 102.5 102.7 -2.2 -0.2 1.7 1.0 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.891 80.4 77.1 -24.9 0.8 19.8 3.1 -4.1

Manufacturing................................ 90.873 104.8 105.3 0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.8 0.5

Germany........................................ 100.000 106.2 107.5 3.1 0.9 0.1 1.0 1.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 95.4 95.4 -5.1 -0.3 2.4 1.7 0.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.419 99.5 98.9 -4.6 -0.7 5.4 5.5 -0.6

Manufacturing................................ 92.043 95.0 95.0 -5.3 -0.2 2.2 1.3 0.0

Mexico........................................... 100.000 95.8 96.3 -3.9 1.4 0.6 1.1 0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 5.814 94.5 95.7 -0.9 0.0 0.7 6.3 1.3

Manufacturing................................ 93.549 95.8 96.2 -4.3 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.4

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 97.2 97.9 -2.3 -0.1 2.0 0.0 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.828 81.3 81.7 -17.5 1.4 11.5 0.9 0.5

Manufacturing................................ 85.347 100.5 101.1 0.2 -0.4 0.6 -0.1 0.6

China............................................ 100.000 96.7 97.5 0.0 1.0 3.0 1.3 0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.957 77.5 78.8 -15.9 3.5 30.6 5.4 1.7

Manufacturing................................ 86.626 101.4 102.0 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6

Japan............................................ 100.000 97.6 98.2 -2.1 -0.3 4.4 0.6 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 17.259 79.5 79.3 -20.9 0.8 22.2 3.9 -0.3

Manufacturing................................ 81.066 101.7 102.3 2.4 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2019 to August 20201

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.6 100.1 0.5 -0.6 -2.1 -0.1 -0.5

Canada.................................................. 104.2 101.6 2.8 -1.7 -10.6 -2.3 -2.5

European Union...................................... 100.4 100.2 -3.0 -0.1 1.3 0.3 -0.2

Germany................................................ 108.7 109.5 2.5 1.5 0.2 1.2 0.7

Latin America3

........................................ 98.9 98.0 -3.9 -2.2 0.8 0.3 -0.9

Mexico.................................................. 97.2 96.8 -4.6 0.0 -0.3 0.8 -0.4

Pacific Rim4............................................ 97.8 98.4 -2.2 -0.1 1.9 -0.1 0.6

China.................................................... 98.6 99.4 0.3 1.1 3.0 1.1 0.8

Japan.................................................... 96.4 97.0 -1.9 0.0 4.1 0.6 0.6

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August

2019 to August 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Jul.

20201

Index Percent change

Jul.

2020

Aug.

2020

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2019 to

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 265.8 270.7 55.8 26.2 -3.1 -14.0 1.8

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.107 220.6 224.2 53.9 -1.6 0.3 2.4 1.6

Asia.................................................. 63.198 266.2 272.1 68.8 43.7 -4.6 -21.3 2.2

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 168.0 169.9 3.3 0.7 2.2 -0.1 1.1

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 30.955 152.8 153.1 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 216.4 219.5 36.3 18.7 -2.5 -9.9 1.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.656 169.6 170.8 29.4 -1.0 1.5 1.9 0.7

Asia.................................................. 61.268 213.7 218.0 47.4 31.4 -4.3 -15.7 2.0

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 150.6 150.4 2.7 0.6 -5.4 0.5 -0.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 35.398 176.5 176.7 14.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Asia.................................................. 43.953 137.0 135.3 -4.0 1.1 -11.9 1.6 -1.2

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 139.8 140.0 -8.9 -0.1 7.0 -4.0 0.1

Europe............................................... 37.931 135.1 131.9 -18.6 1.5 10.9 -10.7 -2.4

Asia.................................................. 30.227 145.8 158.8 26.1 -2.9 15.7 3.4 8.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 7.949 122.2 110.6 -31.0 -13.3 -2.1 -0.6 -9.5

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 141.0 145.4 -5.8 -0.5 6.4 5.5 3.1

Europe............................................... 27.341 166.4 154.0 -16.3 -3.8 12.7 6.9 -7.5

Asia.................................................. 28.063 137.0 161.0 10.6 10.4 5.6 4.3 17.5

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 25.726 147.4 141.9 -13.8 -5.8 2.0 3.1 -3.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.