Technical information:
  Household data:  (202) 691-6378    USDL 01-122
   http://www.bls.gov/cpshome.htm

  Establishment data:    691-6555    Transmission of material in this release is
   http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm    embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact:           691-5902    Friday, May 4, 2001.


                   THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:  APRIL 2001
                                     
                                     
   Employment declined in April, and the unemployment rate rose to 4.5
percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today.  Payroll employment fell by 223,000, following a decline of
53,000 (as revised) in March.  In April, large job losses continued in
manufacturing and in help supply services, and construction employment
declined after seasonal adjustment.  Average hourly earnings rose by 5
cents over the month.
   
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
   
   The number of unemployed persons rose by more than 300,000 in April to
6.4 million and has increased by about 870,000 since October.  The
unemployment rate increased from 4.3 to 4.5 percent over the month and has
risen by 0.6 percentage point since October.  In April, the jobless rates
were up for adult women (3.8 percent) and whites (4.0 percent).  The rates
for other major worker groups--adult men (4.0 percent), teenagers (14.2
percent), blacks (8.2 percent), and Hispanics (6.5 percent)--were little
changed over the month, but all are up since October.  (See tables A-1 and
A-2.)
   
   The unemployment rate for college graduates age 25 and over rose for
the second consecutive month in April, but at 2.3 percent was still well
below the rates for groups with less education.  (See table A-3.)
   
   The number of unemployed persons who lost their jobs or completed
temporary jobs continued to increase in April, and at 3.2 million was up by
about three-quarters of a million from its October level.  The number of
persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks also rose over the month, to
nearly 3.0 million.  Since October, the number of these newly unemployed
has increased by about 450,000.  (See tables A-6 and A-7.)
   
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
   
   Both total employment, at 135.4 million, and the employment-population
ratio, at 64.0 percent, declined in April.  The civilian labor force was
essentially unchanged at 141.8 million, as was the labor force
participation rate at 67.1 percent.  (See table A-1.)
   
   In April, there were 7.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted)
holding more than one job.  Multiple jobholders represented 5.4 percent of
the employed, down from 5.7 percent a year ago.  (See table A-10.)
   
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
   
   About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in April.  These were people who wanted and
were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior

                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
                      |    Quarterly    |       Monthly data       |
                      |    averages     |                          |
                      |_________________|__________________________| Mar.-
      Category        |  2000  |  2001  |          2001            | Apr.
                      |________|________|________ _________________|change
                      |   IV   |   I    |  Feb.  |  Mar.  |  Apr.  |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
    HOUSEHOLD DATA    |                 Labor force status
                      |____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,208| 141,858| 141,751| 141,868| 141,757|   -111
  Employment..........| 135,593| 135,864| 135,815| 135,780| 135,354|   -426
  Unemployment........|   5,616|   5,994|   5,936|   6,088|   6,402|    314
Not in labor force....|  69,358|  69,171|  69,275|  69,304|  69,592|    288
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |                 Unemployment rates
                      |____________________________________________________
All workers...........|     4.0|     4.2|     4.2|     4.3|     4.5|    0.2
  Adult men...........|     3.4|     3.7|     3.5|     3.8|     4.0|     .2
  Adult women.........|     3.4|     3.6|     3.7|     3.6|     3.8|     .2
  Teenagers...........|    12.9|    13.7|    13.6|    13.8|    14.2|     .4
  White...............|     3.5|     3.7|     3.7|     3.7|     4.0|     .3
  Black...............|     7.5|     8.1|     7.5|     8.6|     8.2|    -.4
  Hispanic origin.....|     5.6|     6.2|     6.3|     6.3|     6.5|     .2
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
 ESTABLISHMENT DATA   |                     Employment
                      |____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 131,836|p132,240| 132,303|p132,250|p132,027|  p-223
  Goods-producing 1/..|  25,623| p25,568|  25,563| p25,500| p25,336|  p-164
    Construction......|   6,732|  p6,889|   6,888|  p6,904|  p6,840|   p-64
    Manufacturing.....|  18,350| p18,129|  18,124| p18,043| p17,939|  p-104
  Service-producing 1/| 106,213|p106,672| 106,740|p106,750|p106,691|   p-59
    Retail trade......|  23,225| p23,312|  23,355| p23,309| p23,331|    p22
    Services..........|  40,752| p40,940|  40,938| p40,965| p40,844|  p-121
    Government........|  20,435| p20,566|  20,589| p20,600| p20,638|    p38
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |                  Hours of work 2/
                      |____________________________________________________
Total private.........|    34.3|   p34.3|    34.2|   p34.3|   p34.3|    p.0
  Manufacturing.......|    41.0|   p40.8|    40.7|   p40.7|   p40.7|    p.0
    Overtime..........|     4.2|    p3.9|     3.9|    p3.8|    p3.8|    p.0
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |    Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
                      |____________________________________________________
Total private.........|   151.2|  p151.6|   151.3|  p151.7|  p151.3|  p-0.4
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |                      Earnings 2/
                      |____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |
  total private.......|  $13.95| p$14.10|  $14.11| p$14.17| p$14.22| p$0.05
Avg. weekly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |
  total private.......|  478.13| p483.16|  482.56| p486.03| p487.75|  p1.72
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
   1/  Includes other industries, not shown separately.
   2/  Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
   p=preliminary.

                                  - 3 -

12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.  In April, the number of
discouraged workers was 346,000.  Discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically
because they believed no jobs were available for them.  (See table A-10.)
   
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

   Nonfarm payroll employment declined for the second straight month,
falling by 223,000 in April.  Manufacturing and help supply services both
posted sharp job losses, and construction employment fell after seasonal
adjustment.  There was little or no job growth in most other industries
over the month.  (See table B-1.)
   
   In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment fell by 104,000
in April.  Declines since last June have totaled 554,000, and two-thirds of
those job losses have occurred in the past 4 months.  Manufacturing
employment declines continued to be widespread in April.  Large losses
continued in electrical equipment (31,000), with electronic components
accounting for two-thirds of the decline.  Large declines also occurred in
industrial machinery (16,000) and fabricated metals (13,000).  In
nondurable goods manufacturing, job losses continued in apparel, textiles,
printing and publishing, and rubber and miscellaneous plastics.
   
   In April, seasonal hiring was weaker than normal in construction, and,
as a result, employment decreased by 64,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis.
This decline may reflect, in part, the heavy rains over much of the
country's interior.  Since last October, construction has added an average
of 16,000 jobs a month, compared with a monthly average of 23,000 for the
period of October 1999 to October 2000.
   
   In mining, employment in oil and gas extraction continued to increase
in April and has risen by 17,000 thus far this year.
   
   In the service-producing sector, the services industry lost 121,000
jobs in April, despite job gains in health services (14,000), social
services (14,000), and computer services (7,000).  Help supply services
experienced another sharp job decline (108,000).  This industry, which
provides just-in-time workers to other businesses, has lost 370,000 jobs
since September.  Seasonal hiring in amusement and recreation services and
hotels was well below normal this month, resulting in employment declines
of 30,000 and 13,000, respectively.
   
   In retail trade, eating and drinking places added 41,000 jobs in April,
reversing a loss in March.  Food stores also added jobs in April.  Partly
offsetting these increases were job losses in general merchandise, apparel,
building materials and garden supplies, and furniture stores.  Employment
in furniture stores, which had trended up in 2000, has shown no increase
this year.
   
   Wholesale trade experienced job losses for the fifth straight month in
April; employment in the industry has declined by 27,000 over this period.
Finance, insurance, and real estate added 8,000 jobs in April.  The gains
were primarily in depository institutions and insurance carriers.  The
number of jobs in mortgage banks was little changed, and employment in
security brokerages declined.

                                  - 4 -

   Local government employment increased by 32,000 in April; the gain was
split evenly between education and noneducation agencies.
   
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
   
   The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in April at 34.3 hours, seasonally
adjusted.  Both the manufacturing workweek and manufacturing overtime also
were unchanged at 40.7 and 3.8 hours, respectively.  (See table B-2.)
   
   The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.3 percent over the month
to 151.3 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted.  The manufacturing index fell by
0.8 percent to 100.3 in April.  (See table B-5.)
   
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
   
   Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents in April to $14.22,
seasonally adjusted.  April's increase was equal to the monthly average for
the first 3 months of this year.  Over the month, average weekly earnings
increased by 0.4 percent to $487.75.  Over the year, average hourly
earnings rose by 4.3 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.4
percent.  (See table B-3.)
                                     
                      ______________________________
   
   The Employment Situation for May 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, June 1, at 8:30 A.M.  (EDT).
   
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |              Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data               |
 |                                                                       |
 |  With the release of May data on June 1, BLS will introduce revisions |
 |in the establishment-based series on nonfarm payroll employment, hours,|
 |and earnings to reflect the annual benchmark adjustments for March 2000|
 |and updated seasonal adjustment factors.  Unadjusted data since April  |
 |1999 and seasonally adjusted data since January 1996 are subject to    |
 |revision.  Seasonal adjustment factors for March through October 2001  |
 |will be available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm    |
 |on May 25, one week prior to the release of the May estimates.         |
 |                                                                       |
 |  Concurrent with the release of March 2000 benchmark revisions, BLS   |
 |also will implement the next phase of a new probability-based sample   |
 |design for the establishment survey.  The redesign began last year with|
 |the wholesale trade industry.  Estimates for the mining, construction, |
 |and manufacturing industries will incorporate the new sample design    |
 |with the June 1 release.                                               |
 |                                                                       |
 |  Further information is available by calling (202) 691-6555.          |
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  - 5 -

Explanatory Note


 This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey).  The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA.  It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households  conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
 
 The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA.  This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.  In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
 
 For both surveys, the data for a given month  relate to a particular week
or pay period.  In the household survey,  the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month.  In the
establishment survey, the reference  period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
 
 Household survey.  The sample  is selected  to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population.  Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person  16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
 
 People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm.  People are also counted as employed if they
were  temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
 
 People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria:  They had no employment during the  reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week.  Persons laid off from  a job and expecting recall   need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed.  The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
 
 The civilian labor force  is the sum of  employed and  unemployed
persons.  Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force.  The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the  labor force.  The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
 
 Establishment survey.  The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities.  Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave.  Persons are counted in each job
they hold.  Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

                                  - 6 -
 
 Differences in employment estimates.  The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys.  Among these are:
 
 --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

 --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
 
 --The household survey is limited to  workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
 
 --The  household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals  are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job  and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
 
 Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.

Seasonal adjustment
 
 Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.  The
effect of such seasonal  variation can  be  very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
 
 Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month.  These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot.  For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined.  However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change.  Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
 
 In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted.  However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series.  For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
 
 The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year.  For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

                                  - 7 -

period.  For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period.  In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates
 
 Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error.  When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent.  The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate.  There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error.  BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
 
 For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000.  Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next.  The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval.  Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased.  If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero.  In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred.  The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
 
 In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations.  The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages.  The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
 
 The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error.  Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
 
 For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables.  It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
 
 Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms.  To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change.  The size of the

                                  - 8 -

monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
 
 The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error.  The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries.  Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.

Additional statistics and other information
 
 More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS.  It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402.  All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
 
 Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release.  For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes."  Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
 
 Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone:  1-800-877-8339.
  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-1.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted(1)            
                                                                                                                            
           Employment status, sex, and age                                                                                  
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2000    2001    2001    2000    2000    2001    2001    2001    2001 
                                                                                                                            
                        TOTAL                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 209,216 211,171 211,348 209,216 210,743 210,889 211,026 211,171 211,348
    Civilian labor force............................ 140,403 141,751 141,073 141,114 141,489 141,955 141,751 141,868 141,757
          Participation rate........................    67.1    67.1    66.7    67.4    67.1    67.3    67.2    67.2    67.1
      Employed...................................... 135,215 135,298 135,122 135,517 135,836 135,999 135,815 135,780 135,354
          Employment-population ratio...............    64.6    64.1    63.9    64.8    64.5    64.5    64.4    64.3    64.0
        Agriculture.................................   3,330   2,921   3,163   3,360   3,274   3,179   3,135   3,161   3,192
        Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,885 132,377 131,959 132,157 132,562 132,819 132,680 132,618 132,162
      Unemployed....................................   5,188   6,453   5,951   5,597   5,653   5,956   5,936   6,088   6,402
          Unemployment rate.........................     3.7     4.6     4.2     4.0     4.0     4.2     4.2     4.3     4.5
    Not in labor force..............................  68,813  69,421  70,275  68,102  69,254  68,934  69,275  69,304  69,592
      Persons who currently want a job..............   4,422   4,103   4,451   4,354   4,532   4,417   4,455   4,174   4,368
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 16 years and over                                                                                      
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,487 101,504 101,593 100,487 101,260 101,357 101,428 101,504 101,593
    Civilian labor force............................  74,747  75,266  75,314  75,166  75,582  75,815  75,547  75,516  75,741
          Participation rate........................    74.4    74.2    74.1    74.8    74.6    74.8    74.5    74.4    74.6
      Employed......................................  71,979  71,607  71,987  72,257  72,534  72,589  72,359  72,201  72,245
          Employment-population ratio...............    71.6    70.5    70.9    71.9    71.6    71.6    71.3    71.1    71.1
      Unemployed....................................   2,768   3,659   3,326   2,909   3,048   3,226   3,187   3,315   3,496
          Unemployment rate.........................     3.7     4.9     4.4     3.9     4.0     4.3     4.2     4.4     4.6
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  92,303  93,285  93,410  92,303  93,117  93,184  93,227  93,285  93,410
    Civilian labor force............................  70,616  71,251  71,409  70,776  71,289  71,492  71,288  71,261  71,575
          Participation rate........................    76.5    76.4    76.4    76.7    76.6    76.7    76.5    76.4    76.6
      Employed......................................  68,389  68,171  68,644  68,473  68,848  68,916  68,761  68,534  68,706
          Employment-population ratio...............    74.1    73.1    73.5    74.2    73.9    74.0    73.8    73.5    73.6
        Agriculture.................................   2,252   1,987   2,121   2,248   2,232   2,122   2,154   2,150   2,117
        Nonagricultural industries..................  66,136  66,184  66,523  66,225  66,616  66,795  66,607  66,383  66,589
      Unemployed....................................   2,227   3,080   2,765   2,303   2,441   2,576   2,527   2,728   2,869
          Unemployment rate.........................     3.2     4.3     3.9     3.3     3.4     3.6     3.5     3.8     4.0
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 16 years and over                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,729 109,667 109,756 108,729 109,483 109,532 109,598 109,667 109,756
    Civilian labor force............................  65,656  66,484  65,759  65,948  65,907  66,140  66,204  66,352  66,016
          Participation rate........................    60.4    60.6    59.9    60.7    60.2    60.4    60.4    60.5    60.1
      Employed......................................  63,236  63,691  63,135  63,260  63,302  63,410  63,456  63,578  63,109
          Employment-population ratio...............    58.2    58.1    57.5    58.2    57.8    57.9    57.9    58.0    57.5
      Unemployed....................................   2,420   2,793   2,624   2,688   2,605   2,730   2,749   2,774   2,907
          Unemployment rate.........................     3.7     4.2     4.0     4.1     4.0     4.1     4.2     4.2     4.4
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,809 101,779 101,870 100,809 101,612 101,643 101,686 101,779 101,870
    Civilian labor force............................  61,790  62,731  62,091  61,856  61,819  62,126  62,220  62,412  62,132
          Participation rate........................    61.3    61.6    61.0    61.4    60.8    61.1    61.2    61.3    61.0
      Employed......................................  59,785  60,447  59,915  59,651  59,708  59,894  59,932  60,178  59,741
          Employment-population ratio...............    59.3    59.4    58.8    59.2    58.8    58.9    58.9    59.1    58.6
        Agriculture.................................     867     791     844     871     822     852     839     819     847
        Nonagricultural industries..................  58,917  59,656  59,071  58,780  58,886  59,042  59,093  59,359  58,895
      Unemployed....................................   2,005   2,285   2,175   2,205   2,111   2,232   2,288   2,233   2,390
          Unemployment rate.........................     3.2     3.6     3.5     3.6     3.4     3.6     3.7     3.6     3.8
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian  noninstitutional population.............  16,104  16,108  16,068  16,104  16,014  16,063  16,113  16,108  16,068
    Civilian labor force............................   7,998   7,769   7,573   8,482   8,381   8,337   8,243   8,195   8,050
          Participation rate........................    49.7    48.2    47.1    52.7    52.3    51.9    51.2    50.9    50.1
      Employed......................................   7,042   6,680   6,563   7,393   7,280   7,188   7,122   7,067   6,907
          Employment-population ratio...............    43.7    41.5    40.8    45.9    45.5    44.7    44.2    43.9    43.0
        Agriculture.................................     210     143     198     241     220     205     143     191     229
        Nonagricultural industries..................   6,832   6,537   6,365   7,152   7,060   6,983   6,980   6,876   6,678
      Unemployed....................................     956   1,088   1,010   1,089   1,101   1,149   1,121   1,127   1,143
          Unemployment rate.........................    12.0    14.0    13.3    12.8    13.1    13.8    13.6    13.8    14.2

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
  and seasonally adjusted columns.




  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-2.  Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted(1)            
                                                                                                                            
        Employment status, race, sex, age, and                                                                              
                   Hispanic origin                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2000    2001    2001    2000    2000    2001    2001    2001    2001 
                                                                                                                            
                        WHITE                                                                                               
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,092 175,416 175,533 174,092 175,145 175,246 175,326 175,416 175,533
    Civilian labor force............................ 117,281 118,166 117,572 117,800 117,945 118,276 118,287 118,243 118,145
        Participation rate..........................    67.4    67.4    67.0    67.7    67.3    67.5    67.5    67.4    67.3
      Employed...................................... 113,458 113,445 113,162 113,710 113,811 114,015 113,902 113,853 113,434
        Employment-population ratio.................    65.2    64.7    64.5    65.3    65.0    65.1    65.0    64.9    64.6
      Unemployed....................................   3,823   4,721   4,410   4,090   4,134   4,261   4,385   4,389   4,711
        Unemployment rate...........................     3.3     4.0     3.8     3.5     3.5     3.6     3.7     3.7     4.0
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force............................  59,958  60,400  60,476  60,052  60,349  60,494  60,487  60,358  60,598
        Participation rate..........................    76.9    76.8    76.8    77.0    76.8    77.0    76.9    76.7    77.0
      Employed......................................  58,327  58,075  58,430  58,377  58,581  58,571  58,561  58,366  58,488
        Employment-population ratio.................    74.8    73.8    74.2    74.9    74.6    74.5    74.5    74.2    74.3
      Unemployed....................................   1,631   2,326   2,047   1,675   1,768   1,923   1,926   1,991   2,110
        Unemployment rate...........................     2.7     3.9     3.4     2.8     2.9     3.2     3.2     3.3     3.5
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force............................  50,532  51,195  50,623  50,581  50,527  50,794  50,854  50,910  50,697
        Participation rate..........................    60.6    60.9    60.2    60.6    60.2    60.5    60.6    60.6    60.3
      Employed......................................  49,101  49,564  49,005  48,994  48,973  49,270  49,155  49,318  48,907
        Employment-population ratio.................    58.9    59.0    58.3    58.7    58.4    58.7    58.5    58.7    58.2
      Unemployed....................................   1,431   1,631   1,618   1,587   1,554   1,524   1,699   1,593   1,790
        Unemployment rate...........................     2.8     3.2     3.2     3.1     3.1     3.0     3.3     3.1     3.5
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force............................   6,791   6,571   6,473   7,167   7,069   6,988   6,945   6,975   6,850
        Participation rate..........................    53.4    51.6    50.7    56.4    55.7    55.1    54.6    54.8    53.7
      Employed......................................   6,030   5,806   5,728   6,339   6,257   6,174   6,186   6,169   6,039
        Employment-population ratio.................    47.4    45.6    44.9    49.8    49.3    48.7    48.7    48.5    47.3
      Unemployed....................................     761     765     746     828     812     814     760     806     812
        Unemployment rate...........................    11.2    11.6    11.5    11.6    11.5    11.7    10.9    11.6    11.8
          Men.......................................    12.6    12.3    12.5    12.9    12.2    13.3    12.6    11.8    12.8
          Women.....................................     9.7    10.9    10.4    10.1    10.7     9.8     9.2    11.2    10.8
                                                                                                                            
                        BLACK                                                                                               
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  25,135  25,441  25,472  25,135  25,408  25,382  25,412  25,441  25,472
    Civilian labor force............................  16,504  16,699  16,576  16,586  16,742  16,773  16,691  16,789  16,666
        Participation rate..........................    65.7    65.6    65.1    66.0    65.9    66.1    65.7    66.0    65.4
      Employed......................................  15,412  15,264  15,334  15,376  15,470  15,372  15,440  15,348  15,299
        Employment-population ratio.................    61.3    60.0    60.2    61.2    60.9    60.6    60.8    60.3    60.1
      Unemployed....................................   1,092   1,435   1,242   1,210   1,272   1,401   1,251   1,441   1,367
        Unemployment rate...........................     6.6     8.6     7.5     7.3     7.6     8.4     7.5     8.6     8.2
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force............................   7,324   7,349   7,346   7,338   7,437   7,430   7,374   7,404   7,369
        Participation rate..........................    72.8    72.0    71.9    72.9    72.9    73.0    72.4    72.6    72.2
      Employed......................................   6,858   6,722   6,775   6,843   6,897   6,918   6,887   6,776   6,761
        Employment-population ratio.................    68.1    65.9    66.3    68.0    67.6    68.0    67.6    66.4    66.2
      Unemployed....................................     467     627     572     495     540     512     487     628     608
        Unemployment rate...........................     6.4     8.5     7.8     6.7     7.3     6.9     6.6     8.5     8.2
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force............................   8,293   8,450   8,377   8,272   8,333   8,340   8,336   8,418   8,353
        Participation rate..........................    65.8    66.2    65.5    65.7    65.4    65.4    65.3    65.9    65.3
      Employed......................................   7,830   7,916   7,940   7,784   7,861   7,731   7,854   7,885   7,892
        Employment-population ratio.................    62.2    62.0    62.1    61.8    61.7    60.6    61.5    61.7    61.7
      Unemployed....................................     463     534     437     488     472     609     482     533     460
        Unemployment rate...........................     5.6     6.3     5.2     5.9     5.7     7.3     5.8     6.3     5.5
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force............................     886     900     853     976     972   1,002     981     968     944
        Participation rate..........................    35.8    36.5    34.5    39.5    39.5    40.8    39.8    39.2    38.2
      Employed......................................     724     626     620     749     712     723     699     688     646
        Employment-population ratio.................    29.3    25.4    25.1    30.3    28.9    29.4    28.4    27.9    26.1
      Unemployed....................................     162     274     234     227     260     280     282     280     299
        Unemployment rate...........................    18.3    30.5    27.4    23.3    26.7    27.9    28.8    28.9    31.6
          Men.......................................    18.4    27.5    30.8    23.7    30.1    26.9    31.7    27.7    34.9
          Women.....................................    18.2    33.3    24.4    22.8    23.4    28.9    25.7    30.2    28.6
                                                                                                                            
                   HISPANIC ORIGIN                                                                                          
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  22,231  22,889  22,957  22,231  22,749  22,769  22,830  22,889  22,957
    Civilian labor force............................  15,268  15,820  15,712  15,327  15,671  15,540  15,653  15,770  15,775
        Participation rate..........................    68.7    69.1    68.4    68.9    68.9    68.2    68.6    68.9    68.7
      Employed......................................  14,466  14,737  14,761  14,463  14,772  14,612  14,673  14,782  14,747
        Employment-population ratio.................    65.1    64.4    64.3    65.1    64.9    64.2    64.3    64.6    64.2
      Unemployed....................................     802   1,083     951     864     899     927     980     988   1,028
        Unemployment rate...........................     5.3     6.8     6.1     5.6     5.7     6.0     6.3     6.3     6.5

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
  and seasonally adjusted columns.
      NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
  group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                               HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                               Not seasonally adjusted                  Seasonally adjusted(1)               
                                                                                                                             
            Educational attainment                                                                                           
                                                                                                                             
                                                Apr.     Mar.     Apr.     Apr.     Dec.     Jan.     Feb.     Mar.     Apr.  
                                                2000     2001     2001     2000     2000     2001     2001     2001     2001  
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
       Less than a high school diploma                                                                                       
                                                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstitutional population......   28,069   27,564   28,326   28,069   27,693   27,957   27,191   27,564   28,326
    Civilian labor force....................   12,007   12,008   12,379   11,986   11,822   12,008   12,074   12,103   12,371
        Percent of population...............     42.8     43.6     43.7     42.7     42.7     43.0     44.4     43.9     43.7
      Employed..............................   11,286   11,053   11,581   11,254   11,077   11,193   11,140   11,267   11,558
        Employment-population ratio.........     40.2     40.1     40.9     40.1     40.0     40.0     41.0     40.9     40.8
      Unemployed............................      721      955      798      732      745      816      934      836      813
        Unemployment rate...................      6.0      8.0      6.4      6.1      6.3      6.8      7.7      6.9      6.6
                                                                                                                             
     High school graduates, no college(2)                                                                                    
                                                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstitutional population......   58,015   57,660   57,456   58,015   57,899   58,092   57,617   57,660   57,456
    Civilian labor force....................   37,699   37,554   37,186   37,563   37,187   37,415   37,309   37,189   37,053
        Percent of population...............     65.0     65.1     64.7     64.7     64.2     64.4     64.8     64.5     64.5
      Employed..............................   36,474   35,996   35,828   36,296   35,906   35,986   35,895   35,746   35,650
        Employment-population ratio.........     62.9     62.4     62.4     62.6     62.0     61.9     62.3     62.0     62.0
      Unemployed............................    1,226    1,557    1,358    1,267    1,281    1,429    1,414    1,443    1,403
        Unemployment rate...................      3.3      4.1      3.7      3.4      3.4      3.8      3.8      3.9      3.8
                                                                                                                             
       Less than a bachelor's degree(3)                                                                                      
                                                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstitutional population......   43,896   45,182   44,653   43,896   44,596   44,313   45,263   45,182   44,653
    Civilian labor force....................   32,522   33,386   32,891   32,686   33,045   33,102   33,079   33,241   33,044
        Percent of population...............     74.1     73.9     73.7     74.5     74.1     74.7     73.1     73.6     74.0
      Employed..............................   31,684   32,424   31,937   31,827   32,141   32,121   32,197   32,360   32,065
        Employment-population ratio.........     72.2     71.8     71.5     72.5     72.1     72.5     71.1     71.6     71.8
      Unemployed............................      838      961      954      859      904      981      882      881      978
        Unemployment rate...................      2.6      2.9      2.9      2.6      2.7      3.0      2.7      2.7      3.0
                                                                                                                             
              College graduates                                                                                              
                                                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstitutional population......   44,864   45,979   46,045   44,864   45,839   45,790   46,167   45,979   46,045
    Civilian labor force....................   36,074   36,622   36,633   36,049   36,460   36,476   36,602   36,642   36,646
        Percent of population...............     80.4     79.7     79.6     80.4     79.5     79.7     79.3     79.7     79.6
      Employed..............................   35,581   35,916   35,909   35,473   35,894   35,909   36,032   35,916   35,802
        Employment-population ratio.........     79.3     78.1     78.0     79.1     78.3     78.4     78.0     78.1     77.8
      Unemployed............................      493      706      724      576      566      567      570      726      845
        Unemployment rate...................      1.4      1.9      2.0      1.6      1.6      1.6      1.6      2.0      2.3

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
  and seasonally adjusted columns.
    2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
    3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-4. Selected employment indicators

  (In thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                            
                       Category                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2000    2001    2001    2000    2000    2001    2001    2001    2001 
                                                                                                                            
                    CHARACTERISTIC                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
  Total employed, 16 years and over................. 135,215 135,298 135,122 135,517 135,836 135,999 135,815 135,780 135,354
    Married men, spouse present.....................  43,186  43,125  43,386  43,321  43,293  43,134  43,340  43,385  43,516
    Married women, spouse present...................  33,944  34,216  33,830  33,795  33,635  34,249  34,059  34,080  33,662
    Women who maintain families.....................   8,382   8,113   8,200   8,330   8,501   8,426   8,373   8,049   8,160
                                                                                                                            
                      OCCUPATION                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
    Managerial and professional specialty...........  40,745  42,029  41,836  40,748  41,078  41,430  41,770  42,023  41,841
    Technical, sales, and administrative support....  39,561  39,551  39,053  39,554  39,853  40,086  39,781  39,433  39,014
    Service occupations.............................  18,734  18,325  18,331  18,665  18,550  18,158  18,283  18,289  18,258
    Precision production, craft, and repair.........  14,530  14,776  14,760  14,595  14,848  14,889  14,970  14,895  14,834
    Operators, fabricators, and laborers............  18,212  17,637  17,917  18,412  18,171  18,092  17,889  17,999  18,127
    Farming, forestry, and fishing..................   3,432   2,979   3,225   3,452   3,357   3,372   3,252   3,321   3,238
                                                                                                                            
                   CLASS OF WORKER                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
    Agriculture:                                                                                                            
      Wage and salary workers.......................   2,048   1,725   1,906   2,042   2,019   1,983   1,839   1,910   1,902
      Self-employed workers.........................   1,247   1,165   1,218   1,257   1,198   1,182   1,291   1,231   1,223
      Unpaid family workers.........................      36      31      39      43      34      25      29      36      47
    Nonagricultural industries:                                                                                             
      Wage and salary workers....................... 122,992 123,572 123,186 123,209 123,813 124,035 124,069 123,814 123,395
        Government..................................  19,434  19,363  19,118  19,168  19,352  18,843  19,103  19,134  18,854
        Private industries.......................... 103,558 104,208 104,068 104,041 104,461 105,192 104,966 104,680 104,541
          Private households........................     982     918     820     977     879     859     823     881     812
          Other industries.......................... 102,576 103,291 103,249 103,064 103,582 104,333 104,143 103,800 103,729
      Self-employed workers.........................   8,794   8,661   8,677   8,727   8,600   8,698   8,617   8,784   8,608
      Unpaid family workers.........................      99     145      96      96     121     110     142     138      93
                                                                                                                            
              PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
    All industries:                                                                                                         
      Part time for economic reasons................   3,043   3,338   3,108   3,135   3,234   3,327   3,273   3,164   3,201
        Slack work or business conditions...........   1,827   2,040   2,049   1,862   1,964   2,035   2,043   1,914   2,097
        Could only find part-time work..............     986     961     863   1,002     896     954     933     907     873
      Part time for noneconomic reasons.............  19,509  19,467  19,143  18,606  18,993  18,568  19,021  18,647  18,713
                                                                                                                            
    Nonagricultural industries:                                                                                             
      Part time for economic reasons................   2,933   3,182   2,972   3,021   3,088   3,227   3,143   3,007   3,061
        Slack work or business conditions...........   1,768   1,954   1,953   1,791   1,882   1,971   1,970   1,828   1,985
        Could only find part-time work..............     957     940     850     975     877     945     910     877     864
      Part time for noneconomic reasons.............  18,948  18,966  18,576  18,043  18,437  18,040  18,509  18,132  18,176

      NOTE:  Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
  reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.  Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
  work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
  weather.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                            Number of                                                       
                                                        unemployed persons                Unemployment rates(1)             
                                                          (in thousands)                                                    
                       Category                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2000    2001    2001    2000    2000    2001    2001    2001    2001 
                                                                                                                            
                    CHARACTERISTIC                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
   Total, 16 years and over.........................   5,597   6,088   6,402    4.0     4.0     4.2     4.2     4.3     4.5 
     Men, 20 years and over.........................   2,303   2,728   2,869    3.3     3.4     3.6     3.5     3.8     4.0 
     Women, 20 years and over.......................   2,205   2,233   2,390    3.6     3.4     3.6     3.7     3.6     3.8 
     Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................   1,089   1,127   1,143   12.8    13.1    13.8    13.6    13.8    14.2 
                                                                                                                            
     Married men, spouse present....................     795   1,102   1,094    1.8     2.2     2.3     2.3     2.5     2.5 
     Married women, spouse present..................     921     949   1,004    2.7     2.6     2.5     2.6     2.7     2.9 
     Women who maintain families....................     553     532     548    6.2     5.1     6.4     6.1     6.2     6.3 
                                                                                                                            
     Full-time workers..............................   4,461   4,907   5,048    3.8     3.9     4.1     4.0     4.2     4.3 
     Part-time workers..............................   1,122   1,167   1,338    4.7     4.6     4.9     4.8     4.8     5.5 
                                                                                                                            
                    OCCUPATION(2)                                                                                           
                                                                                                                            
     Managerial and professional specialty..........     701     852     908    1.7     1.7     1.8     1.8     2.0     2.1 
     Technical, sales, and administrative support...   1,434   1,534   1,661    3.5     3.5     3.4     3.5     3.7     4.1 
     Precision production, craft, and repair........     542     532     703    3.6     3.7     3.7     3.7     3.5     4.5 
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........   1,285   1,431   1,328    6.5     6.4     7.1     7.3     7.4     6.8 
     Farming, forestry, and fishing.................     254     333     262    6.9     6.3     6.5     7.2     9.1     7.5 
                                                                                                                            
                       INDUSTRY                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            
     Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers   4,410   4,968   5,090    4.1     4.0     4.3     4.5     4.5     4.6 
       Goods-producing industries...................   1,233   1,513   1,533    4.3     4.4     4.9     5.2     5.3     5.3 
         Mining.....................................      17      19      32    3.0     3.6     2.2     4.6     3.5     5.1 
         Construction...............................     400     488     577    5.4     6.5     6.8     7.0     6.2     7.1 
         Manufacturing..............................     816   1,006     924    4.0     3.6     4.2     4.5     5.0     4.6 
           Durable goods............................     489     606     522    3.9     3.4     4.2     4.2     5.0     4.3 
           Nondurable goods.........................     327     400     402    4.1     4.0     4.3     5.0     5.0     5.1 
       Service-producing industries.................   3,177   3,455   3,557    4.0     3.8     4.0     4.2     4.3     4.4 
         Transportation and public utilities........     234     246     333    3.0     3.2     2.8     2.9     3.1     4.1 
         Wholesale and retail trade.................   1,377   1,471   1,467    5.0     4.8     5.0     5.1     5.3     5.3 
         Finance, insurance, and real estate........     202     212     222    2.5     2.1     2.3     2.5     2.6     2.7 
         Services...................................   1,364   1,525   1,534    3.8     3.6     4.0     4.2     4.1     4.1 
     Government workers.............................     337     408     437    1.7     2.2     2.2     1.5     2.1     2.3 
     Agricultural wage and salary workers...........     185     244     193    8.3     8.9     9.0     9.2    11.3     9.2 

    1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
    2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
  is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-6. Duration of unemployment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                            
                       Duration                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2000    2001    2001    2000    2000    2001    2001    2001    2001 
                                                                                                                            
                 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
   Less than 5 weeks................................   2,139   2,447   2,532   2,500   2,440   2,613   2,797   2,674   2,958
   5 to 14 weeks....................................   1,666   2,282   1,799   1,835   1,852   1,977   1,669   1,992   1,977
   15 weeks and over................................   1,383   1,724   1,620   1,274   1,326   1,371   1,490   1,517   1,499
      15 to 26 weeks................................     778   1,002     897     660     675     731     793     814     759
      27 weeks and over.............................     605     721     723     614     651     640     697     703     740
                                                                                                                            
   Average (mean) duration, in weeks................    13.1    13.5    13.1    12.5    12.6    12.6    12.9    13.0    12.6
   Median duration, in weeks........................     7.3     7.7     7.0     6.0     6.1     5.9     6.0     6.5     5.8
                                                                                                                            
                 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
   Total unemployed.................................   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0
     Less than 5 weeks..............................    41.2    37.9    42.5    44.6    43.4    43.8    47.0    43.2    46.0
     5 to 14 weeks..................................    32.1    35.4    30.2    32.7    33.0    33.2    28.0    32.2    30.7
     15 weeks and over..............................    26.7    26.7    27.2    22.7    23.6    23.0    25.0    24.5    23.3
       15 to 26 weeks...............................    15.0    15.5    15.1    11.8    12.0    12.3    13.3    13.2    11.8
       27 weeks and over............................    11.7    11.2    12.2    10.9    11.6    10.7    11.7    11.4    11.5





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-7. Reason for unemployment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                            
                        Reason                                                                                              
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2000    2001    2001    2000    2000    2001    2001    2001    2001 
                                                                                                                            
                 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
  Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                            
     jobs...........................................   2,248   3,336   2,982   2,402   2,514   2,742   2,853   2,963   3,199
    On temporary layoff.............................     692   1,208   1,000     723     937   1,032     945     991   1,053
    Not on temporary layoff.........................   1,556   2,128   1,981   1,679   1,577   1,711   1,908   1,972   2,146
      Permanent job losers..........................   1,081   1,474   1,455   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
      Persons who completed temporary jobs..........     475     654     526   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
  Job leavers.......................................     778     841     722     812     746     838     820     814     749
  Reentrants........................................   1,802   1,940   1,836   1,967   1,899   1,956   1,927   1,908   2,005
  New entrants......................................     361     336     411     411     466     446     372     386     462
                                                                                                                            
                 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
  Total unemployed..................................   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0
   Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                           
     jobs...........................................    43.3    51.7    50.1    43.0    44.7    45.8    47.8    48.8    49.9
     On temporary layoff............................    13.3    18.7    16.8    12.9    16.7    17.2    15.8    16.3    16.4
     Not on temporary layoff........................    30.0    33.0    33.3    30.0    28.0    28.6    32.0    32.5    33.5
   Job leavers......................................    15.0    13.0    12.1    14.5    13.3    14.0    13.7    13.4    11.7
   Reentrants.......................................    34.7    30.1    30.9    35.2    33.8    32.7    32.3    31.4    31.3
   New entrants.....................................     6.9     5.2     6.9     7.3     8.3     7.4     6.2     6.4     7.2
                                                                                                                            
            UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE                                                                                  
                   CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
   Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                           
     jobs...........................................     1.6     2.4     2.1     1.7     1.8     1.9     2.0     2.1     2.3
   Job leavers......................................      .6      .6      .5      .6      .5      .6      .6      .6      .5
   Reentrants.......................................     1.3     1.4     1.3     1.4     1.3     1.4     1.4     1.3     1.4
   New entrants.....................................      .3      .2      .3      .3      .3      .3      .3      .3      .3

    1 Not available.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                               HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization

  (Percent)
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                  Not seasonally               Seasonally adjusted           
                                                                     adjusted                                                
                            Measure                                                                                          
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                 Apr.   Mar.   Apr.   Apr.   Dec.   Jan.   Feb.   Mar.   Apr. 
                                                                 2000   2001   2001   2000   2000   2001   2001   2001   2001 
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
  U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of                                                                 
      the civilian labor force................................    1.0    1.2    1.1     .9     .9    1.0    1.1    1.1    1.1
                                                                                                                             
  U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as                                                                
      a percent of the civilian labor force...................    1.6    2.4    2.1    1.7    1.8    1.9    2.0    2.1    2.3
                                                                                                                             
  U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor                                                                   
      force (official unemployment rate)......................    3.7    4.6    4.2    4.0    4.0    4.2    4.2    4.3    4.5
                                                                                                                             
  U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent                                                                
      of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....    3.9    4.8    4.5   (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1) 
                                                                                                                             
  U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all                                                                   
      other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the                                                                 
      civilian labor force plus all marginally                                                                               
      attached workers........................................    4.5    5.3    5.0   (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1) 
                                                                                                                             
  U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,                                                                
      plus total employed part time for economic reasons,                                                                    
      as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all                                                                      
      marginally attached workers.............................    6.7    7.6    7.2   (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1) 

    1 Not available.
      NOTE:  This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
  this release prior to 1994.  Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
  but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past.  Discouraged
  workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. 
  Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
  settle for a part-time schedule.  For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
  measures,"  in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                            Number of                                                       
                                                        unemployed persons                Unemployment rates(1)             
                                                          (in thousands)                                                    
                     Age and sex                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2000    2001    2001    2000    2000    2001    2001    2001    2001 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
  Total, 16 years and over..........................   5,597   6,088   6,402    4.0     4.0     4.2     4.2     4.3     4.5 
    16 to 24 years..................................   2,128   2,263   2,349    9.4     9.2     9.6     9.5    10.0    10.4 
      16 to 19 years................................   1,089   1,127   1,143   12.8    13.1    13.8    13.6    13.8    14.2 
        16 to 17 years..............................     490     502     518   14.9    15.8    17.4    17.2    16.0    16.7 
        18 to 19 years..............................     596     624     626   11.5    11.6    11.5    11.0    12.3    12.6 
      20 to 24 years................................   1,039   1,135   1,206    7.3     7.0     7.2     7.2     7.8     8.3 
    25 years and over...............................   3,461   3,844   4,043    2.9     3.0     3.2     3.2     3.2     3.4 
      25 to 54 years................................   2,979   3,373   3,472    3.0     3.0     3.2     3.2     3.4     3.5 
      55 years and over.............................     431     481     517    2.4     2.6     2.7     2.8     2.6     2.8 
                                                                                                                            
    Men, 16 years and over..........................   2,909   3,315   3,496    3.9     4.0     4.3     4.2     4.4     4.6 
      16 to 24 years................................   1,161   1,285   1,293    9.7     9.7    10.3    10.8    10.9    10.9 
        16 to 19 years..............................     606     587     627   13.8    14.1    15.0    15.5    13.8    15.1 
          16 to 17 years............................     273     250     305   16.0    18.4    20.5    18.5    15.6    18.7 
          18 to 19 years............................     335     338     326   12.4    11.7    11.8    13.1    12.7    12.8 
        20 to 24 years..............................     555     698     666    7.4     7.2     7.6     8.2     9.3     8.7 
      25 years and over.............................   1,754   2,046   2,208    2.8     3.0     3.1     3.0     3.2     3.5 
        25 to 54 years..............................   1,485   1,745   1,900    2.8     2.9     3.1     3.0     3.3     3.5 
        55 years and over...........................     265     294     298    2.7     2.8     3.0     2.9     2.9     2.9 
                                                                                                                            
    Women, 16 years and over........................   2,688   2,774   2,907    4.1     4.0     4.1     4.2     4.2     4.4 
      16 to 24 years................................     967     978   1,055    8.9     8.7     8.8     8.1     8.9     9.8 
        16 to 19 years..............................     483     540     516   11.8    12.1    12.4    11.6    13.7    13.3 
          16 to 17 years............................     217     252     213   13.7    13.2    14.1    15.7    16.4    14.5 
          18 to 19 years............................     261     285     300   10.5    11.6    11.3     8.7    11.9    12.4 
        20 to 24 years..............................     484     438     539    7.2     6.7     6.7     6.1     6.3     7.8 
      25 years and over.............................   1,707   1,798   1,834    3.1     3.0     3.2     3.4     3.2     3.3 
        25 to 54 years..............................   1,494   1,628   1,572    3.2     3.1     3.4     3.5     3.5     3.4 
        55 years and over...........................     166     188     219    2.0     2.4     2.5     2.7     2.2     2.6 

    1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                  HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
                                                                            Total                Men                Women       
                                                                                                                                
                               Category                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
                                                                        Apr.      Apr.      Apr.      Apr.      Apr.      Apr.  
                                                                        2000      2001      2000      2001      2000      2001  
                                                                                                                                
                        NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
  Total not in the labor force......................................   68,813    70,275    25,740    26,279    43,073    43,996 
    Persons who currently want a job................................    4,422     4,451     1,907     1,942     2,515     2,509 
       Searched for work and available to work now(1)...............    1,215     1,124       597       541       618       583 
          Reason not currently looking:                                                                                         
            Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................      330       346       198       214       132       132 
            Reasons other than discouragement(3)....................      885       778       399       327       486       452 
                                                                                                                                
                         MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
  Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................    7,737     7,280     4,060     3,829     3,677     3,450 
      Percent of total employed.....................................      5.7       5.4       5.6       5.3       5.8       5.5 
                                                                                                                                
      Primary job full time, secondary job part time................    4,256     4,122     2,453     2,343     1,803     1,779 
      Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................    1,596     1,573       509       529     1,087     1,045 
      Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................      348       274       228       196       120        78 
      Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................    1,501     1,282       859       748       642       534 

    1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
  reference week.
    2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
  other types of discrimination.
    3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
  problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
    4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry

(In thousands)
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                             Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                           Apr.    Feb.   Mar.    Apr.     Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.   Mar.    Apr. 
                                           2000    2001   2001p   2001p    2000    2000    2001    2001   2001p   2001p 
                                                                                                                        
          Total......................... 131,258 130,710 131,280 131,952 131,419 131,878 132,167 132,303 132,250 132,027
                                                                                                                        
       Total private.................... 110,211 109,814 110,271 110,913 110,752 111,443 111,657 111,714 111,650 111,389
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................  25,491  24,945  24,989  25,136  25,725  25,569  25,641  25,563  25,500  25,336
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................     532     538     543     551     539     540     547     551     553     557
    Metal mining........................    44.0    42.3    41.6    41.5      45      44      43      43      42      42
    Coal mining.........................    79.8    78.6    79.0    79.6      80      78      79      79      79      80
    Oil and gas extraction..............   297.5   317.5   319.4   323.5     303     311     317     321     324     328
    Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..   110.4   100.0   103.4   106.8     111     107     108     108     108     107
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................   6,532   6,366   6,479   6,700   6,694   6,717   6,874   6,888   6,904   6,840
    General building contractors........ 1,461.8 1,473.8 1,476.7 1,497.2   1,497   1,527   1,545   1,547   1,544   1,533
    Heavy construction, except building.   872.4   774.3   819.6   889.2     899     867     902     911     925     903
    Special trade contractors........... 4,198.0 4,117.9 4,182.6 4,313.3   4,298   4,323   4,427   4,430   4,435   4,404
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................  18,427  18,041  17,967  17,885  18,492  18,312  18,220  18,124  18,043  17,939
      Production workers................  12,646  12,302  12,249  12,185  12,689  12,515  12,442  12,367  12,300  12,223
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................  11,091  10,869  10,817  10,758  11,104  11,037  10,952  10,903  10,841  10,768
      Production workers................   7,585   7,390   7,352   7,311   7,584   7,520   7,453   7,416   7,362   7,308
    Lumber and wood products............   819.6   778.2   775.3   777.0     830     802     796     793     787     786
    Furniture and fixtures..............   556.6   540.4   537.2   533.7     557     552     547     541     537     534
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....   565.9   546.0   549.1   556.9     567     561     567     562     560     558
    Primary metal industries............   698.7   671.9   665.6   660.3     699     683     676     671     665     661
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   226.6   214.4   213.1   211.6   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
    Fabricated metal products........... 1,531.9 1,503.6 1,493.9 1,482.1   1,534   1,530   1,517   1,505   1,495   1,482
    Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,128.5 2,108.1 2,094.0 2,076.5   2,126   2,124   2,118   2,106   2,091   2,075
      Computer and office equipment.....   361.1   359.0   358.1   355.0     364     362     363     360     360     358
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................ 1,687.9 1,715.0 1,702.8 1,672.1   1,691   1,728   1,725   1,714   1,706   1,675
      Electronic components and                                                                                         
         accessories....................   650.2   693.7   688.1   666.4     651     696     697     694     689     668
    Transportation equipment............ 1,862.5 1,768.0 1,763.6 1,765.6   1,859   1,813   1,760   1,769   1,761   1,762
      Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,026.9   948.3   942.4   943.9   1,026     988     942     951     942     941
      Aircraft and parts................   460.6   455.9   457.6   457.4     461     456     452     454     457     458
    Instruments and related products....   843.1   852.1   850.8   850.0     844     851     855     854     852     851
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   396.3   385.4   384.9   383.8     397     393     391     388     387     384
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   7,336   7,172   7,150   7,127   7,388   7,275   7,268   7,221   7,202   7,171
      Production workers................   5,061   4,912   4,897   4,874   5,105   4,995   4,989   4,951   4,938   4,915
    Food and kindred products........... 1,637.8 1,636.2 1,631.2 1,631.5   1,678   1,666   1,671   1,670   1,668   1,669
    Tobacco products....................    34.7    37.2    34.8    34.4      37      37      36      35      36      37
    Textile mill products...............   547.5   511.4   509.5   506.0     548     525     521     514     511     506
    Apparel and other textile products..   664.2   611.2   610.7   604.9     665     625     626     614     612     603
    Paper and allied products...........   659.0   647.4   644.5   642.2     662     656     654     649     647     645
    Printing and publishing............. 1,550.7 1,546.3 1,542.4 1,535.9   1,554   1,554   1,555   1,549   1,546   1,539
    Chemicals and allied products....... 1,028.1 1,013.0 1,014.4 1,011.8   1,030   1,022   1,022   1,016   1,016   1,013
    Petroleum and coal products.........   130.7   123.6   124.1   126.7     132     128     127     128     127     127
    Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,008.7   977.3   970.4   966.4   1,007     991     986     977     970     965
    Leather and leather products........    75.0    68.5    68.4    67.0      75      71      70      69      69      67
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing....................... 105,767 105,765 106,291 106,816 105,694 106,309 106,526 106,740 106,750 106,691
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...   6,936   7,020   7,044   7,064   6,970   7,086   7,077   7,096   7,098   7,096
    Transportation......................   4,482   4,516   4,540   4,559   4,509   4,581   4,572   4,584   4,589   4,584
      Railroad transportation...........   220.9   213.0   213.7   215.8     221     217     214     217     216     216
      Local and interurban passenger                                                                                    
         transit........................   513.0   513.2   518.0   517.8     498     500     500     502     505     502
      Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,812.7 1,811.0 1,820.8 1,831.1   1,839   1,847   1,852   1,853   1,856   1,854
      Water transportation..............   197.3   195.0   198.1   203.9     200     206     205     205     206     207
      Transportation by air............. 1,257.4 1,297.1 1,301.7 1,301.4   1,270   1,321   1,312   1,318   1,316   1,314
      Pipelines, except natural gas.....    12.4    12.3    12.0    12.5      12      12      12      12      12      13
      Transportation services...........   467.8   474.5   475.3   476.9     469     478     477     477     478     478
    Communications and public utilities.   2,454   2,504   2,504   2,505   2,461   2,505   2,505   2,512   2,509   2,512
      Communications.................... 1,600.6 1,654.2 1,656.3 1,657.8   1,604   1,653   1,651   1,658   1,659   1,661
      Electric, gas, and sanitary                                                                                       
         services.......................   853.6   849.4   847.5   847.3     857     852     854     854     850     851
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................   7,034   7,023   7,038   7,055   7,055   7,085   7,074   7,072   7,070   7,066
    Durable goods.......................   4,189   4,174   4,174   4,181   4,201   4,201   4,192   4,193   4,188   4,189
    Nondurable goods....................   2,845   2,849   2,864   2,874   2,854   2,884   2,882   2,879   2,882   2,877
  Retail trade..........................  22,940  22,787  22,862  23,101  23,197  23,245  23,272  23,355  23,309  23,331
    Building materials and garden                                                                                       
       supplies......................... 1,047.4   960.3   985.9 1,024.0   1,032   1,019   1,015   1,015   1,013   1,004
    General merchandise stores.......... 2,698.0 2,638.1 2,627.8 2,632.4   2,791   2,742   2,702   2,730   2,721   2,703
      Department stores................. 2,359.9 2,299.2 2,289.7 2,292.0   2,443   2,411   2,364   2,389   2,369   2,355
    Food stores......................... 3,480.1 3,508.6 3,495.6 3,516.9   3,522   3,523   3,533   3,547   3,543   3,556
    Automotive dealers and service                                                                                      
       stations......................... 2,403.5 2,397.5 2,406.0 2,424.2   2,410   2,428   2,426   2,427   2,421   2,426
      New and used car dealers.......... 1,104.6 1,116.2 1,119.1 1,120.3   1,106   1,121   1,122   1,122   1,121   1,121
    Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,162.9 1,186.9 1,190.3 1,192.1   1,195   1,217   1,224   1,231   1,231   1,224
    Furniture and home furnishings                                                                                      
       stores........................... 1,101.4 1,124.6 1,124.6 1,118.8   1,113   1,137   1,136   1,134   1,134   1,129
    Eating and drinking places.......... 8,077.3 7,887.5 7,979.6 8,137.6   8,097   8,111   8,132   8,153   8,123   8,164
    Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,969.3 3,083.7 3,052.0 3,055.4   3,037   3,068   3,104   3,118   3,123   3,125
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...   7,579   7,633   7,663   7,685   7,610   7,661   7,676   7,690   7,708   7,716
    Finance.............................   3,699   3,747   3,759   3,759   3,709   3,747   3,748   3,755   3,767   3,769
      Depository institutions........... 2,045.1 2,029.4 2,032.7 2,035.7   2,052   2,035   2,033   2,033   2,036   2,041
        Commercial banks................ 1,457.9 1,438.4 1,440.4 1,442.4   1,464   1,445   1,441   1,441   1,443   1,447
        Savings institutions............   242.7   235.9   235.7   235.9     243     237     237     236     236     236
      Nondepository institutions........   686.1   696.1   703.0   704.5     686     689     691     698     703     705
        Mortgage bankers and brokers....   325.0   325.6   330.5   332.5     323     321     323     327     331     332
      Security and commodity brokers....   727.5   772.8   772.5   769.1     732     773     775     777     778     775
      Holding and other investment                                                                                      
         offices........................   240.6   248.4   250.9   249.8     239     250     249     247     250     248
    Insurance...........................   2,359   2,369   2,375   2,379   2,365   2,362   2,369   2,376   2,378   2,386
      Insurance carriers................ 1,592.2 1,592.4 1,595.0 1,597.2   1,597   1,585   1,591   1,597   1,597   1,603
      Insurance agents, brokers, and                                                                                    
         service........................   766.8   777.0   780.1   781.9     768     777     778     779     781     783
    Real estate.........................   1,521   1,517   1,529   1,547   1,536   1,552   1,559   1,559   1,563   1,561
                                                                                                                        
  Services2.............................  40,231  40,406  40,675  40,872  40,195  40,797  40,917  40,938  40,965  40,844
    Agricultural services...............   810.7   698.1   737.9   841.6     801     810     826     824     826     827
    Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,851.9 1,845.7 1,871.2 1,893.2   1,902   1,948   1,949   1,951   1,955   1,942
    Personal services................... 1,337.7 1,364.1 1,359.2 1,358.8   1,272   1,292   1,285   1,285   1,293   1,289
    Business services................... 9,638.3 9,520.5 9,524.8 9,448.0   9,735   9,751   9,775   9,744   9,672   9,561
      Services to buildings.............   998.8 1,003.8 1,004.0 1,004.7   1,001   1,009   1,016   1,017   1,012   1,007
      Personnel supply services......... 3,787.1 3,505.0 3,503.6 3,428.3   3,885   3,744   3,722   3,689   3,617   3,510
        Help supply services............ 3,381.7 3,094.9 3,095.0 3,021.0   3,485   3,338   3,302   3,278   3,201   3,093
      Computer and data processing                                                                                      
         services....................... 1,923.6 2,010.8 2,020.3 2,025.6   1,927   1,996   1,999   2,009   2,018   2,025
    Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,194.0 1,220.4 1,228.9 1,231.9   1,195   1,215   1,228   1,224   1,230   1,231
    Miscellaneous repair services.......   382.2   378.5   380.0   383.1     383     383     384     383     382     384
    Motion pictures.....................   627.6   635.5   640.7   646.2     634     639     640     637     642     651
    Amusement and recreation services... 1,722.3 1,584.1 1,647.2 1,752.3   1,752   1,787   1,809   1,803   1,811   1,781
    Health services..................... 10080.2 10262.6 10299.2 10312.5  10,093  10,229  10,260  10,287  10,314  10,328
      Offices and clinics of medical                                                                                    
         doctors........................ 1,919.6 1,965.3 1,971.2 1,976.4   1,925   1,960   1,966   1,971   1,975   1,980
      Nursing and personal care                                                                                         
         facilities..................... 1,783.6 1,798.3 1,805.4 1,807.0   1,789   1,796   1,801   1,802   1,808   1,812
      Hospitals......................... 3,994.4 4,070.8 4,083.7 4,086.6   3,999   4,053   4,063   4,076   4,087   4,094
      Home health care services.........   640.2   640.6   646.2   644.8     641     642     644     644     647     645
    Legal services......................   997.9 1,015.2 1,017.7 1,016.3   1,004   1,015   1,018   1,021   1,023   1,024
    Educational services................ 2,475.8 2,538.5 2,568.0 2,571.2   2,329   2,389   2,388   2,407   2,425   2,424
    Social services..................... 2,955.9 3,078.6 3,102.7 3,122.6   2,940   3,054   3,062   3,076   3,087   3,101
      Child day care services...........   772.8   817.3   826.2   834.2     753     792     795     800     805     810
      Residential care..................   810.6   847.0   849.4   853.0     812     845     848     851     851     855
    Museums and botanical and zoological                                                                                
      gardens...........................    99.9    96.4    99.5   104.0     102     104     104     105     105     105
    Membership organizations............ 2,427.6 2,428.3 2,440.4 2,435.3   2,439   2,450   2,450   2,448   2,452   2,446
    Engineering and management services. 3,383.8 3,494.8 3,512.9 3,509.5   3,368   3,486   3,494   3,498   3,502   3,505
      Engineering and architectural                                                                                     
         services.......................   981.5 1,017.8 1,019.8 1,022.2     987   1,021   1,030   1,032   1,031   1,029
      Management and public relations... 1,086.6 1,135.3 1,141.0 1,141.9   1,088   1,139   1,142   1,144   1,145   1,145
    Services, nec.......................    53.4    52.8    53.0    53.2   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
                                                                                                                        
  Government............................  21,047  20,896  21,009  21,039  20,667  20,435  20,510  20,589  20,600  20,638
    Federal.............................   2,881   2,605   2,608   2,608   2,885   2,566   2,616   2,619   2,615   2,614
      Federal, except Postal Service.... 2,023.2 1,747.9 1,751.6 1,753.7   2,022   1,753   1,755   1,755   1,754   1,753
    State...............................   4,874   4,886   4,928   4,939   4,744   4,769   4,759   4,794   4,800   4,807
      Education......................... 2,132.7 2,123.5 2,158.0 2,163.2   1,990   1,990   1,982   2,009   2,013   2,019
      Other State government............ 2,741.3 2,762.0 2,770.0 2,776.2   2,754   2,779   2,777   2,785   2,787   2,788
    Local...............................  13,292  13,405  13,473  13,492  13,038  13,100  13,135  13,176  13,185  13,217
      Education......................... 7,754.6 7,789.5 7,832.7 7,820.6   7,408   7,387   7,406   7,432   7,436   7,452
      Other local government............ 5,537.5 5,615.2 5,640.1 5,670.9   5,630   5,713   5,729   5,744   5,749   5,765

  1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
  2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
  p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                             Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                           Apr.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                           2000    2001    2001p   2001p   2000    2000    2001    2001    2001p   2001p 
                                                                                                                        
       Total private....................   34.6    34.0    34.0    34.1    34.6    34.1    34.3    34.2    34.3    34.3 
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................   41.1    39.6    40.1    39.3    41.5    39.8    40.4    40.0    40.4    40.3 
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................   44.9    44.6    45.0    45.7    45.3    44.6    45.2    44.9    45.9    46.2 
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................   39.2    37.2    38.4    38.0    39.6    37.9    38.9    38.0    39.1    38.8 
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................   41.7    40.4    40.6    39.6    42.2    40.4    40.9    40.7    40.7    40.7 
      Overtime hours....................    4.6     3.6     3.7     3.1     4.9     3.9     4.1     3.9     3.8     3.8 
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................   42.4    40.7    41.0    39.8    42.8    40.7    41.1    41.0    41.0    41.0 
      Overtime hours....................    4.8     3.7     3.7     3.0     5.1     3.9     4.0     3.8     3.8     3.8 
                                                                                                                        
    Lumber and wood products............   41.1    39.4    39.9    39.7    41.2    39.8    39.7    40.3    40.3    39.9 
    Furniture and fixtures..............   39.9    38.6    38.6    37.7    40.6    38.8    39.1    39.3    38.9    39.0 
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....   43.2    41.1    41.8    41.9    43.6    41.7    42.4    42.2    42.6    42.5 
    Primary metal industries............   44.5    42.2    42.1    41.6    44.9    42.5    42.6    42.2    42.1    42.4 
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   45.2    42.7    42.7    42.9    45.0    43.2    43.0    42.8    42.9    42.7 
    Fabricated metal products...........   42.4    41.0    41.0    39.6    43.0    40.6    41.4    41.3    41.2    41.4 
    Industrial machinery and equipment..   42.5    41.5    41.6    40.0    42.9    41.2    41.9    41.5    41.5    41.4 
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................   41.6    40.3    40.2    38.9    42.2    40.4    40.6    40.5    40.3    40.2 
    Transportation equipment............   44.1    41.1    41.9    40.2    44.3    40.8    41.5    41.2    41.8    41.8 
      Motor vehicles and equipment......   45.5    40.6    41.4    39.7    45.5    40.1    40.9    40.5    41.2    41.5 
    Instruments and related products....   41.3    40.8    40.7    39.9    41.6    40.4    40.7    40.6    40.7    40.8 
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   39.4    38.9    39.1    38.2    39.8    38.8    39.3    39.1    39.0    39.2 
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   40.8    39.9    40.1    39.2    41.3    40.0    40.5    40.2    40.3    40.2 
      Overtime hours....................    4.2     3.6     3.7     3.2     4.6     3.9     4.1     3.9     3.9     3.8 
                                                                                                                        
    Food and kindred products...........   41.0    40.3    40.6    39.8    41.9    40.7    41.3    41.1    41.2    41.1 
    Tobacco products....................   39.7    37.9    37.3    37.2    40.8    38.6    38.8    39.1    38.2    38.8 
    Textile mill products...............   41.7    39.8    40.0    38.3    41.9    40.5    40.5    39.9    40.0    39.3 
    Apparel and other textile products..   37.7    36.1    36.5    34.9    38.0    36.3    36.5    36.1    36.4    36.0 
    Paper and allied products...........   43.1    42.2    42.5    41.7    43.6    41.9    42.7    42.6    42.8    42.5 
    Printing and publishing.............   38.2    37.6    37.7    37.1    38.5    37.7    38.1    37.9    37.7    37.7 
    Chemicals and allied products.......   42.6    42.6    42.7    42.6    42.9    42.4    43.0    42.8    42.8    42.9 
    Petroleum and coal products.........   44.4    46.6    46.0    47.8    (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..   41.7    40.3    40.3    39.3    42.1    40.1    40.9    40.4    40.4    40.5 
    Leather and leather products........   38.4    37.3    37.5    37.0    38.9    37.1    38.0    37.5    37.6    38.0 
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing.......................   33.0    32.6    32.6    32.9    32.8    32.7    32.8    32.8    32.8    32.8 
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...   38.8    38.2    38.0    38.6    38.7    38.7    38.7    38.4    38.3    38.5 
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................   38.9    38.0    38.2    38.6    38.6    38.4    38.5    38.3    38.6    38.4 
                                                                                                                        
  Retail trade..........................   28.9    28.4    28.5    28.9    28.8    28.7    29.1    28.9    28.9    28.9 
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...   36.7    36.3    36.0    36.9    36.3    36.2    36.2    36.3    36.3    36.5 
                                                                                                                        
  Services..............................   32.8    32.6    32.5    32.7    32.7    32.6    32.6    32.7    32.7    32.7 

  1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services.  These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
  2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
  p = preliminary.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                                 Average hourly earnings                 Average weekly earnings        
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                            Apr.      Feb.     Mar.      Apr.       Apr.      Feb.     Mar.      Apr.  
                                            2000      2001     2001p     2001p      2000      2001     2001p     2001p  
                                                                                                                        
       Total private....................  $13.69    $14.16    $14.18    $14.27    $473.67   $481.44   $482.12   $486.61 
        Seasonally adjusted.............   13.64     14.11     14.17     14.22     471.94    482.56    486.03    487.75 
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................   15.25     15.65     15.73     15.83     626.78    619.74    630.77    622.12 
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................   17.29     17.26     17.29     17.35     776.32    769.80    778.05    792.90 
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................   17.66     18.26     18.29     18.24     692.27    679.27    702.34    693.12 
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................   14.28     14.65     14.69     14.79     595.48    591.86    596.41    585.68 
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................   14.82     15.20     15.27     15.34     628.37    618.64    626.07    610.53 
    Lumber and wood products............   11.73     11.91     11.94     12.04     482.10    469.25    476.41    477.99 
    Furniture and fixtures..............   11.64     12.02     12.07     12.14     464.44    463.97    465.90    457.68 
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....   14.23     14.53     14.59     14.74     614.74    597.18    609.86    617.61 
    Primary metal industries............   16.51     16.54     16.59     17.03     734.70    697.99    698.44    708.45 
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   19.72     19.22     19.26     20.01     891.34    820.69    822.40    858.43 
    Fabricated metal products...........   13.75     14.10     14.15     14.15     583.00    578.10    580.15    560.34 
    Industrial machinery and equipment..   15.42     16.03     16.06     16.06     655.35    665.25    668.10    642.40 
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................   13.70     14.04     14.11     14.22     569.92    565.81    567.22    553.16 
    Transportation equipment............   18.82     19.43     19.57     19.64     829.96    798.57    819.98    789.53 
      Motor vehicles and equipment......   19.36     20.01     20.19     20.37     880.88    812.41    835.87    808.69 
    Instruments and related products....   14.40     14.96     15.03     15.15     594.72    610.37    611.72    604.49 
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   11.58     11.99     12.02     12.08     456.25    466.41    469.98    461.46 
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   13.45     13.80     13.81     13.96     548.76    550.62    553.78    547.23 
    Food and kindred products...........   12.36     12.57     12.62     12.73     506.76    506.57    512.37    506.65 
    Tobacco products....................   19.71     18.79     20.25     19.99     782.49    712.14    755.33    743.63 
    Textile mill products...............   10.94     11.02     11.02     11.10     456.20    438.60    440.80    425.13 
    Apparel and other textile products..    9.05      9.22      9.30      9.38     341.19    332.84    339.45    327.36 
    Paper and allied products...........   16.15     16.42     16.42     16.68     696.07    692.92    697.85    695.56 
    Printing and publishing.............   14.20     14.57     14.60     14.55     542.44    547.83    550.42    539.81 
    Chemicals and allied products.......   17.77     18.34     18.26     18.55     757.00    781.28    779.70    790.23 
    Petroleum and coal products.........   21.77     22.02     21.76     21.58     966.59   1026.13   1000.96   1031.52 
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..   12.67     13.06     13.01     13.09     528.34    526.32    524.30    514.44 
    Leather and leather products........   10.13     10.19     10.32     10.35     388.99    380.09    387.00    382.95 
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing.......................   13.20     13.72     13.72     13.82     435.60    447.27    447.27    454.68 
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...   16.15     16.68     16.60     16.69     626.62    637.18    630.80    644.23 
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................   15.14     15.66     15.60     15.81     588.95    595.08    595.92    610.27 
                                                                                                                        
  Retail trade..........................    9.42      9.71      9.73      9.77     272.24    275.76    277.31    282.35 
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...   15.12     15.64     15.69     15.85     554.90    567.73    564.84    584.87 
                                                                                                                        
  Services..............................   13.83     14.43     14.44     14.57     453.62    470.42    469.30    476.44 

  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                              ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                  
                                                                                                  
                                                                                          Percent  
                                    Apr.     Dec.     Jan.     Feb.     Mar.     Apr.      change  
            Industry                2000     2000     2001     2001     2001p    2001p     from:   
                                                                                         Mar. 2001-
                                                                                         Apr. 2001 
                                                                                                  
Total private:                                                                                    
   Current dollars..............   $13.64   $14.02   $14.02   $14.11   $14.17   $14.22      0.4   
   Constant (1982) dollars2.....     7.87     7.93     7.89     7.92     7.95     N.A.     (3)    
                                                                                                  
  Goods-producing...............    15.30    15.63    15.71    15.76    15.83    15.85       .1   
    Mining......................    17.26    17.08    17.01    17.13    17.23    17.31       .5   
    Construction................    17.78    18.14    18.33    18.36    18.42    18.33      -.5   
    Manufacturing...............    14.28    14.60    14.59    14.67    14.70    14.78       .5   
      Excluding overtime4.......    13.49    13.93    13.89    13.99    14.04    14.14       .7   
                                                                                                  
  Service-producing.............    13.11    13.53    13.51    13.62    13.67    13.73       .4   
    Transportation and public                                                                     
       utilities................    16.12    16.51    16.51    16.66    16.63    16.65       .1   
    Wholesale trade.............    15.03    15.57    15.51    15.64    15.70    15.69      -.1   
    Retail trade................     9.39     9.66     9.61     9.68     9.71     9.73       .2   
    Finance, insurance, and real                                                                  
       estate...................    14.98    15.34    15.43    15.58    15.66    15.69       .2   
    Services....................    13.74    14.20    14.21    14.32    14.37    14.48       .8   

  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series. 
  3 Change was .4 percent from February 2001 to March 2001, the latest month available.
  4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
    N.A. = not available.
  p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

(1982=100)
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                             Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                          Apr.   Feb.    Mar.     Apr.    Apr.   Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.     Apr.  
                                          2000   2001    2001p    2001p   2000   2000    2001    2001    2001p    2001p 
                                                                                                                        
       Total private....................  151.0  147.3   148.3    149.7   151.7  150.6   151.9   151.3   151.7    151.3 
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................  116.0  108.3   109.9    108.6   118.3  112.2   114.6   112.8   113.7    112.5 
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................   50.9   50.0    51.1     52.4    52.2   50.6    51.8    51.6    53.3     53.8 
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................  179.7  163.2   171.9    177.5   186.3  178.1   188.5   183.2   189.8    186.0 
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................  106.4  100.2   100.3     97.3   107.9  101.9   102.6   101.5   101.1    100.3 
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................  112.1  105.0   105.0    101.6   113.1  106.7   107.0   106.1   105.4    104.7 
    Lumber and wood products............  145.7  131.7   133.0    132.5   147.9  137.6   136.2   137.4   136.4    134.8 
    Furniture and fixtures..............  138.9  129.4   128.8    125.1   141.4  132.6   132.7   131.9   129.6    129.3 
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....  114.9  103.9   106.3    108.5   116.2  108.7   112.0   110.7   111.0    110.2 
    Primary metal industries............   92.5   84.1    82.8     81.2    93.3   86.2    85.3    83.8    82.8     82.8 
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   71.7   64.0    63.4     63.4    71.5   66.7    64.8    64.5    63.9     63.2 
    Fabricated metal products...........  121.4  114.3   113.4    108.7   123.0  116.0   116.8   115.4   114.0    113.5 
    Industrial machinery and equipment..  105.5  103.4   102.8     97.4   106.2  102.6   104.0   103.0   102.1    100.5 
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................  107.8  105.2   104.3     99.3   109.6  107.1   106.9   105.7   104.6    102.6 
    Transportation equipment............  126.8  112.1   114.2    109.9   126.7  113.7   112.8   112.3   113.3    113.7 
      Motor vehicles and equipment......  172.3  142.0   144.3    138.7   171.7  144.4   142.1   141.5   142.8    144.0 
    Instruments and related products....   74.3   73.3    72.9     71.5    74.7   72.9    73.4    73.1    72.9     73.1 
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........  101.6   95.5    95.9     93.0   103.0   97.9    98.4    96.8    96.2     95.2 
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   98.6   93.6    93.8     91.4   100.7   95.4    96.6    95.2    95.1     94.4 
    Food and kindred products...........  112.5  110.8   111.5    109.3   118.4  114.2   116.4   116.0   116.2    116.2 
    Tobacco products....................   45.6   47.4    42.3     42.1    50.5   47.8    46.1    44.5    45.4     48.0 
    Textile mill products...............   80.2   70.9    71.0     67.5    80.6   74.7    73.9    71.6    71.1     69.2 
    Apparel and other textile products..   58.7   51.4    51.9     49.0    59.2   52.8    53.5    51.7    51.8     50.4 
    Paper and allied products...........  105.0  101.1   101.6     99.3   106.7  101.3   103.5   102.4   102.9    101.7 
    Printing and publishing.............  122.0  118.8   118.9    116.0   123.2  120.2   121.5   120.3   119.2    118.3 
    Chemicals and allied products.......  101.9   98.8    99.0     98.2   102.7   99.4   100.5    99.2    99.2     99.0 
    Petroleum and coal products.........   64.3   59.2    59.6     63.7    66.6   58.2    61.5    62.4    62.1     65.7 
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..  148.3  137.9   137.0    132.9   149.3  139.3   140.8   138.0   137.1    136.8 
    Leather and leather products........   32.5   28.6    28.5     27.4    32.9   29.6    29.8    28.8    28.9     28.0 
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing.......................  166.7  164.7   165.6    168.2   166.6  167.9   168.7   168.6   168.7    168.7 
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...  136.6  137.2   137.3    139.5   137.3  140.4   140.4   139.5   139.4    140.2 
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................  133.5  130.2   131.1    132.7   133.0  133.2   133.5   132.4   133.1    132.3 
                                                                                                                        
  Retail trade..........................  143.5  139.4   140.3    144.0   144.9  144.4   146.5   146.1   145.6    146.0 
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...  140.2  139.9   139.5    143.4   139.3  140.3   140.7   141.4   141.7    142.7 
                                                                                                                        
  Services..............................  209.6  208.4   209.8    211.6   208.6  211.0   211.3   211.9   212.2    211.6 

  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                   ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-6.  Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
       Time span          Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr.    May     June    July    Aug.    Sept.   Oct.    Nov.    Dec. 
                                                                                                                       
                        
                                                   Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
                        
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 1-month span:                                                                                                     
     1997..............   57.3    59.7    62.8    63.2    57.7    57.7    61.2    60.1    61.5    65.3    62.1    61.2 
     1998..............   63.2    56.6    60.5    58.7    58.3    59.7    53.9    58.1    56.2    53.8    59.0    57.4 
     1999..............   54.1    58.8    53.9    59.6    52.8    57.9    58.8    53.8    57.3    60.7    60.8    59.0 
     2000..............   60.8    54.1    60.7    56.5    45.9    56.2    58.7    51.4    53.7    55.2    50.6    53.4 
     2001..............   52.4    46.5   p46.9   p45.2                                                                 
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 3-month span:                                                                                                     
     1997..............   62.6    64.0    66.3    66.7    63.2    62.1    61.5    66.2    67.4    69.4    69.0    69.1 
     1998..............   64.3    66.6    63.2    66.3    63.6    58.0    57.4    57.9    59.7    58.1    58.6    59.4 
     1999..............   58.3    57.3    58.4    54.4    57.3    58.8    58.1    60.7    59.6    63.5    64.3    63.1 
     2000..............   61.0    62.6    61.9    57.4    56.7    58.3    57.9    58.4    50.8    52.1    52.9    52.1 
     2001..............   50.7   p46.1   p41.9                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 6-month span:                                                                                                     
     1997..............   66.3    67.0    66.6    66.3    65.6    67.1    66.3    68.5    69.0    70.4    69.7    70.4 
     1998..............   69.8    67.4    65.2    61.8    62.9    61.4    59.0    58.4    57.4    59.7    59.3    59.1 
     1999..............   60.0    58.0    57.6    58.6    54.4    59.7    60.4    62.1    64.0    62.8    65.2    64.6 
     2000..............   65.6    60.8    61.0    61.9    59.3    56.0    54.4    57.2    54.5    51.5    50.6   p47.6 
     2001..............  p46.9                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 12-month span:                                                                                                    
     1997..............   69.0    67.3    68.3    69.7    69.5    70.1    70.1    70.4    70.5    70.1    69.4    70.4 
     1998..............   69.7    67.3    67.3    65.9    63.9    62.5    61.5    62.1    61.0    59.8    59.8    58.1 
     1999..............   60.3    58.3    57.6    59.4    59.6    60.5    61.9    61.0    62.6    62.9    62.5    63.2 
     2000..............   64.9    63.8    60.8    59.8    57.9    55.2    54.5    54.2   p50.3   p48.0                 
     2001..............                                                                                                
                                                                                                                       
                        
                                                    Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
                        
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 1-month span:                                                                                                     
     1997..............   49.6    52.5    56.1    54.0    51.4    54.3    50.7    53.6    56.5    61.9    60.4    55.4 
     1998..............   57.9    50.7    53.6    50.7    47.1    50.0    37.8    50.0    45.7    39.9    41.7    43.9 
     1999..............   45.0    41.0    42.8    46.4    40.3    46.4    54.7    38.1    46.4    51.8    51.4    50.4 
     2000..............   52.2    47.8    51.1    51.1    45.7    51.1    57.6    36.3    38.8    45.7    42.8    40.6 
     2001..............   38.8    30.6   p31.3   p33.8                                                                 
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 3-month span:                                                                                                     
     1997..............   50.7    53.2    55.8    56.1    53.2    52.5    52.5    55.8    59.7    66.5    64.7    64.0 
     1998..............   56.8    56.8    52.2    52.2    48.6    41.4    39.2    40.3    43.2    37.1    36.7    40.6 
     1999..............   36.7    37.1    37.1    34.5    37.8    43.5    39.9    45.0    42.1    50.4    51.1    50.7 
     2000..............   47.8    52.5    49.3    48.9    49.6    53.6    44.2    36.3    28.8    35.3    36.0    32.7 
     2001..............   24.8   p20.1   p20.9                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 6-month span:                                                                                                     
     1997..............   53.2    53.2    52.5    52.9    51.8    53.2    54.7    61.2    61.2    64.4    64.7    63.7 
     1998..............   60.1    54.3    50.4    39.9    43.5    42.1    38.8    36.7    36.0    39.9    34.5    32.7 
     1999..............   35.6    33.5    33.5    37.1    32.7    38.8    41.0    45.7    48.2    43.2    48.6    51.1 
     2000..............   51.4    47.5    50.4    53.6    45.0    38.1    33.5    35.3    29.9    24.5    23.4   p20.5 
     2001..............  p20.5                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 12-month span:                                                                                                    
     1997..............   54.7    52.5    54.0    54.0    55.4    56.8    57.2    57.9    58.3    56.8    56.8    57.2 
     1998..............   55.0    51.8    51.8    46.8    40.6    39.9    37.8    38.1    37.1    36.0    34.2    33.5 
     1999..............   37.4    32.4    31.7    35.3    36.0    37.1    38.8    39.6    42.4    42.4    42.4    46.0 
     2000..............   47.8    44.6    39.2    39.2    34.2    29.9    29.1    26.6   p20.1   p17.6                 
     2001..............                                                                                                

  1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.  Data are
centered within the span. 
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.