Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 22-2265

8:30 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, December 7, 2022

Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • Productivity@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/productivity

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS 

Third Quarter 2022, Revised

Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased 0.8 percent in the third quarter of 2022 rather 

than the preliminary estimate of 0.3 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as 

output increased 3.3 percent and hours worked increased 2.5 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in 

this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) From the same quarter a year ago, nonfarm business 

sector labor productivity decreased 1.3 percent, reflecting a 2.1-percent increase in output and a 3.4-

percent increase in hours worked. (See chart 1 and table A1.)

Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of 

hours worked by all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers.

Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector increased 2.4 percent in the third quarter of 2022,

reflecting a 3.2-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 0.8-percent increase in productivity. Unit 

labor costs increased 5.3 percent over the last four quarters. (See chart 2 and tablesA1 and 2.) 

BLS calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity. Increases in 

hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in productivity tend to reduce them.

Real hourly compensation, which takes into account consumer prices, declined 2.3 percent in the third 

quarter and declined 4.0 percent over the last four quarters—the largest four-quarter decline in the

series, which begins in the first quarter of 1948. 
 -2-

Manufacturing sector labor productivity decreased 2.9 percent in the third quarter of 2022, as output 

increased 0.6 percent and hours worked increased 3.6 percent. In the durable manufacturing sector, 

productivity decreased 5.0 percent, with a 1.7-percent increase in output and a 7.1-percent increase in 

hours worked. Nondurable manufacturing sector productivity increased 1.3 percent, as output decreased

0.7 percent and hours worked decreased 1.9 percent. Total manufacturing sector productivity decreased 

1.1 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See chart 3 and tables A1, 3, 4, and 5.)

Unit labor costs in the total manufacturing sector increased 5.8 percent in the third quarter of 2022, 

reflecting a 2.7-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 2.9-percent decrease in productivity. 

Manufacturing unit labor costs increased 5.2 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See chart 4 and

tables A1 and 3.)

The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series differ from those used in 

the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See 

the Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation. (See page 6.)

Preliminary third-quarter 2022 measures were announced today for the nonfinancial corporate sector. 

(See table A2.) Productivity decreased 1.8 percent in the third quarter of 2022 as output and hours 

worked increased 1.8 percent and 3.7 percent, respectively. Productivity decreased 2.7 percent in the 

nonfinancial corporate sector over the last four quarters; this is the largest four-quarter decline in this 

series, which begins in the first quarter of 1948. Unit profits of nonfinancial corporations decreased at a

0.7-percent annual rate in the third quarter of 2022 and increased 8.3 percent over the last four quarters. 

(See table 6.)

Revised measures

Measures released today are based on more recent source data than were available for the preliminary 

report. Regular updates of source data from the BLS, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), and the 

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System are reflected in data for the second and third quarters 

of 2022. Measures of output for the manufacturing sectors incorporate revised annual benchmark data 

from 1987 to 2020 released November 18 by BLS. This revision primarily affected measures in 2017-

2020; revisions to percent changes prior to 2017 did not exceed 0.1 percentage point.
 -3-

Table B1 presents revised and previously published productivity and related measures for the nonfarm 

business, business, and manufacturing sectors for the third quarter of 2022. 

In the third quarter of 2022, nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased 0.8 percent rather 

than the preliminary estimate of a 0.3-percent increase, reflecting a 0.5-percentage point upward revision 

to output and a 0.1-percentage point upward revision to hours worked. Unit labor costs were revised 

down 1.1 percentage points due to the combined effect of a 0.5-percentage point upward revision to

labor productivity and a 0.6-percentage point downward revision to hourly compensation. 

In the manufacturing sector, productivity decreased 2.9 percent rather than 1.3 percent as previously 

reported, reflecting a 1.3-percentage point downward revision to output and a 0.3-percentage point 

upward revision to hours worked. Durable manufacturing productivity decreased 5.0 percent rather than 

decreasing 4.3 percent as previously reported, reflecting a 0.3-percentage point downward revision to 

output and a 0.5-percentage point upward revision to hours worked. Nondurable manufacturing 

productivity was revised down to an increase of 1.3 percent rather than an increase of 4.0 percent as 

previously reported, due to a 2.5-percentage point downward revision to output and a 0.2-percentage 

point upward revision to hours worked. Total manufacturing unit labor costs were revised up 2.0

percentage points to an increase of 5.8 percent, the combined effect of a 0.3-percentage point upward

revision to hourly compensation and a 1.6-percentage point downward revision to productivity. 

Table B2 shows revised and previously published productivity and related measures for the nonfarm 

business, business, manufacturing, and nonfinancial corporate sectors for the second quarter of 2022.

In the second quarter of 2022, labor productivity, output, and hours worked were unrevised for the 

nonfarm business sector. Unit labor costs increased 6.7 percent, rather than increasing 8.9 percent as 

previously reported, due to a 2.2-percentage point downward revision to hourly compensation. 

In the manufacturing sector, productivity was revised down 0.1 percentage point to an increase of 2.8

percent. Unit labor costs were revised up to an increase of 0.7 percent rather than the previously reported 

decrease of 0.7 percent. This revision is mainly due to a 1.3-percentage point upward revision to hourly 

compensation.

In the nonfinancial corporate sector, productivity decreased 3.2 percent rather than decreasing 2.7

percent as previously reported, due solely to a 0.5-percentage point downward revision to output; hours 

worked were unrevised. Unit labor costs were revised down 0.3 percentage point to an increase of 7.2

percent, reflecting a 0.8-percentage point downward revision to hourly compensation that was partially 

offset by a 0.5-percentage point downward revision to labor productivity.

Complete quarterly and annual data series can be found on the Productivity and Costs home page: 

www.bls.gov/productivity/.

______________

The preliminary Productivity and Costs news release for fourth-quarter and annual averages 2022

is scheduled to be released on Thursday, February 2, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Calendar year 2023 release dates for Productivity and Costs news releases are now available at 

www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/prod2.htm.
-4-

Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised third-quarter 2022

(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)

Sector Percent change from:

Labor 

productivity Output

Hours 

worked

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs

Nonfarm businessPrevious quarter 0.8 3.3 2.5 3.2 -2.3 2.4

A year ago -1.3 2.1 3.4 4.0 -4.0 5.3

Business Previous quarter 0.5 3.1 2.6 3.1 -2.5 2.6

A year ago -1.3 2.0 3.3 4.0 -4.0 5.4

Manufacturing Previous quarter -2.9 0.6 3.6 2.7 -2.9 5.8

A year ago -1.1 3.4 4.5 4.0 -3.9 5.2

Durable 

manufacturing

Previous quarter -5.0 1.7 7.1 2.2 -3.3 7.5

A year ago -0.6 4.7 5.4 4.1 -3.9 4.7

Nondurable 

manufacturing

Previous quarter 1.3 -0.7 -1.9 2.8 -2.8 1.5

A year ago -1.1 2.0 3.1 3.8 -4.1 5.0

Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - preliminary third-quarter 2022

(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)

Sector Percent change from:

Labor 

productivity Output

Hours 

worked

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs

Nonfinancial 

corporate

Previous quarter -1.8 1.8 3.7 3.5 -2.1 5.3

A year ago -2.7 1.3 4.1 4.5 -3.5 7.4

Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published third-quarter 2022

(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)

Sector

Labor 

productivity Output

Hours 

worked

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs

Nonfarm business Revised 0.8 3.3 2.5 3.2 -2.3 2.4

Previously published 0.3 2.8 2.4 3.8 -1.7 3.5

Business Revised 0.5 3.1 2.6 3.1 -2.5 2.6

Previously published 0.1 2.6 2.5 3.7 -1.9 3.6

Manufacturing Revised -2.9 0.6 3.6 2.7 -2.9 5.8

Previously published -1.3 1.9 3.3 2.4 -3.1 3.8

Durable 

manufacturing

Revised -5.0 1.7 7.1 2.2 -3.3 7.5

Previously published -4.3 2.0 6.6 1.7 -3.8 6.3

Nondurable 

manufacturing

Revised 1.3 -0.7 -1.9 2.8 -2.8 1.5

Previously published 4.0 1.8 -2.1 3.1 -2.4 -0.8
-5-

Table B2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published second-quarter 2022

(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)

Sector

Labor 

productivity Output

Hours 

worked

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs

Nonfarm business Revised -4.1 -1.2 2.9 2.3 -7.4 6.7

Previously published -4.1 -1.2 2.9 4.5 -5.5 8.9

Business Revised -3.8 -1.4 2.5 2.7 -7.1 6.8

Previously published -3.8 -1.4 2.5 4.9 -5.1 9.1

Manufacturing Revised 2.8 3.5 0.7 3.5 -6.3 0.7

Previously published 2.9 3.6 0.7 2.2 -7.6 -0.7

Durable 

manufacturing

Revised 3.9 5.1 1.2 4.5 -5.4 0.6

Previously published 3.9 5.1 1.2 2.7 -7.1 -1.2

Nondurable 

manufacturing

Revised 1.9 1.7 -0.2 1.6 -8.1 -0.3

Previously published 2.1 2.0 -0.2 1.1 -8.5 -1.0

Nonfinancial 

corporate

Revised -3.2 -0.6 2.7 3.8 -6.1 7.2

Previously published -2.7 -0.1 2.7 4.6 -5.3 7.5
-6-

TECHNICAL NOTES

Labor Hours

Hours worked data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked for all persons 

working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The 

primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by and hours paid to wage and 

salary workers in nonfarm establishments, counting a person who is employed by two or more 

establishments at each place of employment. Hours of paid time off are removed from hours paid using 

data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS) for 1996 forward and data from the BLS Hours at 

Work survey, conducted for this purpose, prior to 1990. Between 1990 and 1995, hours of paid time off 

are removed using a combination of NCS and Hours at Work survey data. Off-the-clock hours are 

added, yielding hours worked, using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). 

Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm 

unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on employment and hours worked at primary jobs and 

all other jobs, separately, the BLS productivity measures assign all hours worked to the appropriate 

industrial sector. Hours for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National 

Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the 

Department of Commerce. 

Detailed hours data are presented in the table “Hours Worked in Total U.S. Economy and Subsectors” 

on the BLS website (www.bls.gov/productivity/tables/total-economy-hours-employment.xlsx).

Output

Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from gross 

domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and

households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor hours 

worked. Business output accounted for about 77 percent of the value of GDP in 2021. Nonfarm 

business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 76 percent of GDP in 2021.

Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are constructed by 

deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with 

deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS Producer Price Index program 

and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasectoral

transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the indexes of 

industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 

adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. 

Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of the 

costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the following 

outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; households; unincorporated business; 

and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other holding 

companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 

51 percent of the value of GDP in 2021.

Labor Productivity

The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its production. 

Measures of labor productivity growth show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods 

and services produced per hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many influences, including
-7-

changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; 

the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force.

Labor Compensation

The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer contributions to employee 

benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of 

hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee compensation data from the 

NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general government, nonprofit 

institutions and households are subtracted from compensation of employees in domestic industries to 

derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors cannot be 

explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that proprietors have the same 

hourly compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost 

measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers. 

Unit Labor Costs

These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and labor productivity, or real 

output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in 

hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation 

increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Presentation of the data

The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent changes from the previous 

quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the 

previous year, and as index number series where 2012=100. Annual data are presented both as index 

number series and percent changes from the previous year. 

The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are rounded 

to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using 

index numbers to three decimal places. A complete historical series of these index numbers are available 

at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector 

Productivity (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email productivity@bls.gov).

For a more detailed explanation of methodology see the Handbook of Methods at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/msp/home.htm.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
-8-

 

Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted.

 Real

 Hourly hourly Unit Implicit

Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price

and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator

quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 III 0.5 r 3.1 r 2.6 r 3.1 r -2.5 r 2.6 r 5.1 r 3.7 r

 II -3.8 -1.4 2.5 2.7 r -7.1 r 6.8 r 15.3 r 10.4 

 I -6.0 -2.4 3.8 2.0 -6.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 

2021 ANNUAL 2.4 7.7 5.1 5.0 0.3 2.6 8.3 4.9 

2021 IV 4.5 9.0 4.4 8.4 0.4 3.8 12.2 7.3 

 III -2.1 2.6 4.8 7.1 0.4 9.4 2.7 6.5 

 II 2.9 8.7 5.7 7.6 -0.5 4.6 11.0 7.3 

 I 2.9 8.1 5.0 -1.1 -5.0 -4.0 22.5 6.3 

2020 ANNUAL 4.3 -3.4 -7.4 8.0 6.7 3.5 -3.8 0.4 

2020 IV -4.5 5.3 10.2 8.8 6.4 13.8 -11.6 2.4 

 III 8.3 47.1 35.9 -4.6 -9.0 -11.9 33.3 4.6 

 II 16.6 -35.1 -44.3 24.9 29.2 7.2 -19.2 -4.5 

 I -0.9 -6.3 -5.5 9.7 8.3 10.7 -12.2 0.3 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 III -1.3 r 2.0 r 3.3 4.0 r -4.0 r 5.4 r 10.2 r 7.4 

 II -2.0 1.8 3.9 5.0 r -3.3 r 7.1 r 9.6 r 8.2 

 I -0.3 4.4 4.7 6.2 -1.6 6.6 8.5 7.4 

2021 ANNUAL 2.4 7.7 5.1 5.0 0.3 2.6 8.3 4.9 

2021 IV 2.0 7.1 5.0 5.4 -1.2 3.3 11.9 6.8 

 III -0.3 6.1 6.4 5.5 0.2 5.8 5.4 5.6 

 II 2.3 16.1 13.5 2.5 -2.2 0.2 12.5 5.1 

 I 5.5 2.1 -3.3 6.4 4.4 0.8 3.9 2.1 

2020 ANNUAL 4.3 -3.4 -7.4 8.0 6.7 3.5 -3.8 0.4 

2020 IV 4.6 -1.5 -5.8 9.2 7.9 4.5 -4.4 0.6 

 III 6.4 -2.3 -8.2 8.7 7.3 2.1 -2.1 0.3 

 II 4.8 -10.4 -14.5 10.1 9.6 5.0 -8.0 -0.7 

 I 1.4 0.5 -0.9 4.1 2.0 2.6 -0.9 1.1 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2012=100

2022 III 113.3 r 128.8 r 113.7 r 143.4 r 111.1 r 126.5 r 124.6 r 125.7 r

 II 113.2 127.9 113.0 142.3 r 111.8 r 125.7 r 123.1 r 124.5 

 I 114.3 128.3 112.3 141.3 113.8 123.6 118.8 121.5 

2021 ANNUAL 115.3 126.0 109.3 136.8 115.7 118.7 112.8 116.1 

2021 IV 116.1 129.1 111.2 140.6 115.8 121.1 116.4 119.0 

 III 114.8 126.4 110.0 137.8 115.7 120.0 113.1 117.0 

 II 115.5 125.5 108.7 135.5 115.6 117.3 112.3 115.1 

 I 114.7 123.0 107.2 133.0 115.7 116.0 109.4 113.1 

2020 ANNUAL 112.6 117.0 103.9 130.3 115.4 115.7 104.2 110.6 

2020 IV 113.8 120.6 105.9 133.4 117.2 117.2 104.0 111.4 

 III 115.1 119.0 103.4 130.6 115.4 113.5 107.3 110.8 

 II 112.9 108.1 95.8 132.2 118.1 117.1 99.8 109.5 

 I 108.6 120.4 110.8 125.0 110.8 115.1 105.3 110.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. December 7, 2022

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-9-

 

Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and

prices, seasonally adjusted.

 Real

 Hourly hourly Unit Implicit

Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price

and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator

quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 III 0.8 r 3.3 r 2.5 r 3.2 r -2.3 r 2.4 r 5.2 r 3.6 r

 II -4.1 -1.2 2.9 2.3 r -7.4 r 6.7 r 13.9 r 9.7 

 I -5.9 -2.5 3.6 2.1 -6.4 8.5 6.4 7.6 

2021 ANNUAL 2.4 7.8 5.3 4.9 0.2 2.4 7.7 4.6 

2021 IV 4.4 9.1 4.5 8.2 0.3 3.6 12.9 7.5 

 III -2.4 2.7 5.3 6.7 0.0 9.3 2.3 6.3 

 II 2.7 8.9 6.0 7.4 -0.7 4.5 8.6 6.2 

 I 3.0 8.5 5.3 -1.3 -5.2 -4.2 22.8 6.2 

2020 ANNUAL 4.4 -3.5 -7.6 8.1 6.8 3.6 -3.8 0.4 

2020 IV -3.9 5.3 9.5 9.5 7.1 13.9 -12.7 1.9 

 III 7.2 47.2 37.2 -5.5 -9.8 -11.9 32.4 4.2 

 II 17.9 -35.0 -44.9 25.8 30.1 6.6 -17.4 -3.9 

 I -1.4 -6.7 -5.4 9.8 8.4 11.3 -12.8 0.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 III -1.3 r 2.1 r 3.4 4.0 r -4.0 r 5.3 r 9.5 r 7.1 r

 II -2.1 1.9 4.1 4.8 r -3.5 r 7.0 r 8.8 r 7.8 

 I -0.4 4.5 4.8 6.1 -1.8 6.5 7.5 6.9 

2021 ANNUAL 2.4 7.8 5.3 4.9 0.2 2.4 7.7 4.6 

2021 IV 1.9 7.3 5.3 5.2 -1.4 3.2 11.4 6.5 

 III -0.2 6.3 6.5 5.5 0.2 5.7 4.5 5.1 

 II 2.2 16.3 13.8 2.3 -2.4 0.1 11.4 4.6 

 I 5.8 2.2 -3.4 6.4 4.5 0.6 4.0 2.0 

2020 ANNUAL 4.4 -3.5 -7.6 8.1 6.8 3.6 -3.8 0.4 

2020 IV 4.7 -1.5 -5.9 9.3 8.0 4.5 -4.5 0.6 

 III 6.4 -2.4 -8.2 8.6 7.3 2.1 -2.0 0.3 

 II 5.1 -10.4 -14.8 10.3 9.8 4.9 -7.8 -0.6 

 I 1.4 0.5 -1.0 4.2 2.0 2.7 -1.1 1.1 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2012=100

2022 III 113.3 r 129.0 r 113.9 r 143.4 r 111.1 r 126.6 r 124.0 r 125.5 r

 II 113.0 128.0 113.2 142.3 r 111.8 r 125.9 r 122.5 r 124.4 

 I 114.2 128.4 112.4 141.5 113.9 123.8 118.5 121.5 

2021 ANNUAL 115.2 126.0 109.3 137.0 115.9 118.9 113.3 116.4 

2021 IV 116.0 129.2 111.4 140.7 115.9 121.3 116.7 119.3 

 III 114.7 126.4 110.2 138.0 115.8 120.3 113.2 117.2 

 II 115.4 125.5 108.8 135.8 115.8 117.6 112.6 115.4 

 I 114.7 122.9 107.2 133.4 116.0 116.3 110.3 113.7 

2020 ANNUAL 112.5 116.9 103.9 130.6 115.6 116.1 105.2 111.3 

2020 IV 113.8 120.4 105.8 133.8 117.5 117.6 104.8 112.0 

 III 114.9 118.9 103.4 130.8 115.5 113.8 108.4 111.5 

 II 112.9 107.9 95.6 132.7 118.6 117.5 101.1 110.3 

 I 108.4 120.2 110.9 125.3 111.0 115.6 106.0 111.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. December 7, 2022

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-10-

 

Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted.

 Real

Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit

and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor

quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 III -2.9 r 0.6 r 3.6 r 2.7 r -2.9 r 5.8 r

 II 2.8 r 3.5 r 0.7 3.5 r -6.3 r 0.7 r

 I -3.3 3.7 7.3 1.4 -7.1 4.9 

2021 ANNUAL 2.7 r 5.8 3.1 2.7 -1.8 0.1 

2021 IV -0.7 5.9 6.7 8.7 0.7 9.5 

 III -0.5 3.8 4.3 -0.5 -6.7 0.0 

 II 5.1 5.7 0.6 6.6 -1.4 1.4 

 I 0.7 2.6 1.9 -1.7 -5.5 -2.3 

2020 ANNUAL 0.8 -6.6 r -7.4 7.0 5.7 6.1 

2020 IV -0.5 8.3 8.9 7.4 5.0 7.9 

 III 17.8 r 53.1 r 30.0 -12.4 -16.4 -25.6 

 II -5.3 -43.1 r -39.9 30.2 34.6 37.4 r

 I 0.5 r -5.3 r -5.8 5.7 4.3 5.1 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 III -1.1 r 3.4 r 4.5 r 4.0 r -3.9 r 5.2 r

 II -0.5 r 4.2 4.7 3.2 r -4.9 r 3.7 r

 I 0.1 4.8 4.7 4.0 -3.7 3.9 

2021 ANNUAL 2.7 r 5.8 3.1 2.7 -1.8 0.1 

2021 IV 1.1 4.5 3.3 3.2 -3.3 2.1 

 III 1.2 5.1 3.9 2.9 -2.2 1.7 

 II 5.5 15.8 9.7 -0.3 -4.9 -5.6 r

 I 2.8 -0.8 -3.5 4.8 2.8 1.9 

2020 ANNUAL 0.8 -6.6 r -7.4 7.0 5.7 6.1 

2020 IV 2.8 r -2.8 -5.4 6.7 5.4 3.8 

 III 2.9 -5.4 -8.1 7.2 5.9 4.2 

 II -1.7 -15.2 -13.7 10.5 10.0 12.4 r

 I -1.3 -3.2 -1.8 3.4 1.3 4.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2012=100

2022 III 97.7 r 103.8 r 106.2 r 131.6 r 102.0 r 134.7 r

 II 98.4 r 103.6 r 105.2 130.7 r 102.7 r 132.8 r

 I 97.8 r 102.7 r 105.1 129.6 104.4 132.6 r

2021 ANNUAL 98.6 r 99.9 r 101.4 126.9 107.3 128.7 r

2021 IV 98.6 r 101.8 r 103.3 129.2 106.3 131.0 r

 III 98.8 r 100.4 r 101.6 126.5 106.2 128.1 r

 II 98.9 r 99.4 r 100.5 126.6 108.0 128.0 r

 I 97.7 r 98.1 r 100.4 124.6 108.4 127.6 r

2020 ANNUAL 96.0 r 94.4 r 98.3 123.5 109.3 128.6 r

2020 IV 97.5 r 97.4 r 99.9 125.1 109.9 128.3 r

 III 97.6 r 95.5 r 97.8 122.9 108.6 125.9 r

 II 93.7 r 85.9 r 91.6 127.1 113.6 135.6 r

 I 95.0 r 98.9 r 104.1 119.0 105.4 125.2 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. December 7, 2022

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-11-

 

Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor

costs, seasonally adjusted.

 Real

Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit

and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor

quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 III -5.0 r 1.7 r 7.1 r 2.2 r -3.3 r 7.5 r

 II 3.9 5.1 1.2 4.5 r -5.4 r 0.6 r

 I -2.8 5.5 8.6 -0.4 -8.8 2.5 

2021 ANNUAL 5.0 r 8.2 r 3.0 3.5 -1.2 -1.4 

2021 IV 1.7 6.5 4.7 10.3 2.2 8.4 

 III 1.7 6.7 4.9 -6.1 -12.0 -7.7 

 II 1.7 1.0 -0.7 9.9 1.6 8.0 

 I 1.5 6.4 4.8 -0.3 -4.2 -1.7 

2020 ANNUAL 1.1 r -7.9 r -8.9 7.1 5.8 6.0 r

2020 IV 2.3 r 9.1 6.7 11.2 8.8 8.7 r

 III 42.5 r 93.9 r 36.1 -15.9 -19.7 -41.0 r

 II -13.9 r -53.0 r -45.4 34.7 39.3 56.5 r

 I -1.6 r -8.3 r -6.8 4.6 3.3 6.3 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 III -0.6 r 4.7 r 5.4 r 4.1 r -3.9 r 4.7 r

 II 1.1 6.0 4.8 1.9 r -6.2 r 0.8 r

 I 0.6 4.9 4.3 3.2 -4.4 2.6 

2021 ANNUAL 5.0 r 8.2 r 3.0 3.5 -1.2 -1.4 

2021 IV 1.7 5.1 3.4 3.2 -3.3 1.5 

 III 1.8 5.7 3.9 3.4 -1.7 1.6 

 II 10.8 r 22.8 r 10.9 0.6 -4.0 -9.2 r

 I 6.2 r 1.4 r -4.5 5.9 3.9 -0.3 r

2020 ANNUAL 1.1 r -7.9 r -8.9 7.1 5.8 6.0 r

2020 IV 5.4 r -2.3 r -7.3 7.1 5.9 1.6 r

 III 4.8 r -5.1 r -9.5 7.3 5.9 2.3 r

 II -4.7 r -20.0 r -16.1 11.3 10.8 16.8 r

 I -2.0 r -4.3 -2.3 2.8 0.7 4.9 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2012=100

2022 III 102.0 r 107.7 r 105.6 r 132.5 r 102.6 r 129.9 r

 II 103.3 r 107.2 r 103.8 131.8 r 103.5 r 127.6 r

 I 102.3 r 105.9 r 103.5 130.3 105.0 127.4 r

2021 ANNUAL 102.5 r 102.3 r 99.9 128.5 108.7 125.4 r

2021 IV 103.0 r 104.4 r 101.4 130.5 107.4 126.6 r

 III 102.6 r 102.8 r 100.2 127.3 106.8 124.1 r

 II 102.2 r 101.2 r 99.0 129.3 110.3 126.6 r

 I 101.7 r 100.9 r 99.2 126.3 109.8 124.2 r

2020 ANNUAL 97.6 r 94.6 r 96.9 124.2 109.9 127.2 r

2020 IV 101.3 r 99.4 r 98.0 126.4 111.0 124.7 r

 III 100.8 r 97.2 r 96.5 123.1 108.7 122.1 r

 II 92.2 r 82.4 r 89.3 128.5 114.9 139.4 r

 I 95.8 r 99.5 r 103.9 119.3 105.7 124.6 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. December 7, 2022

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-12-

 

Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor

costs, seasonally adjusted.

 Real

Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit

and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor

quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 III 1.3 r -0.7 r -1.9 r 2.8 r -2.8 r 1.5 r

 II 1.9 r 1.7 r -0.2 1.6 r -8.1 r -0.3 r

 I -3.2 1.8 5.1 4.6 -4.2 8.1 

2021 ANNUAL 0.3 3.5 3.2 1.4 -3.1 1.2 

2021 IV -4.3 5.1 9.8 6.3 -1.5 11.1 

 III -2.4 0.8 3.3 11.1 4.1 13.9 

 II 8.2 11.2 2.7 1.0 -6.5 -6.7 

 I 1.3 -1.3 -2.5 -5.1 -8.8 -6.3 

2020 ANNUAL -0.1 -4.9 -4.8 7.2 5.9 7.3 

2020 IV -4.3 7.7 12.5 1.0 -1.2 5.5 

 III -0.6 19.8 20.6 -6.4 -10.7 -5.8 

 II -1.2 -30.7 -29.8 24.8 29.1 26.4 

 I 2.5 -1.8 -4.1 8.0 6.6 5.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 III -1.1 r 2.0 r 3.1 3.8 -4.1 r 5.0 r

 II -2.0 2.4 4.5 5.9 r -2.5 r 8.0 r

 I -0.5 4.7 r 5.2 5.7 -2.1 6.3 

2021 ANNUAL 0.3 3.5 3.2 1.4 -3.1 1.2 

2021 IV 0.6 3.9 3.2 3.2 -3.3 2.6 

 III 0.6 4.5 3.9 1.9 -3.2 1.3 

 II 1.1 9.1 7.9 -2.4 -6.9 -3.4 

 I -1.2 -3.0 -1.8 2.9 1.0 4.2 

2020 ANNUAL -0.1 -4.9 -4.8 7.2 5.9 7.3 

2020 IV -0.9 -3.2 -2.3 6.3 5.0 7.3 

 III 0.3 -5.4 -5.7 7.5 6.2 7.2 

 II 0.1 r -9.5 -9.7 9.8 9.3 9.7 r

 I -0.5 -1.6 r -1.1 4.7 2.5 5.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2012=100

2022 III 97.1 r 104.1 r 107.2 r 130.2 r 100.8 r 134.0 r

 II 96.8 r 104.3 r 107.7 129.3 r 101.6 r 133.5 r

 I 96.3 r 103.8 r 107.8 128.8 103.7 133.6 r

2021 ANNUAL 97.8 r 101.6 r 103.9 124.3 105.1 127.0 r

2021 IV 97.1 r 103.4 r 106.4 127.3 104.8 131.1 r

 III 98.2 r 102.1 r 104.0 125.4 105.2 127.7 r

 II 98.8 r 101.9 r 103.1 122.1 104.1 123.6 r

 I 96.9 r 99.2 r 102.4 121.8 105.9 125.7 r

2020 ANNUAL 97.6 r 98.2 r 100.7 122.5 108.5 125.6 r

2020 IV 96.5 r 99.5 r 103.1 123.4 108.4 127.8 r

 III 97.6 r 97.7 r 100.1 123.1 108.7 126.1 r

 II 97.8 r 93.4 r 95.5 125.1 111.8 128.0 r

 I 98.1 r 102.3 r 104.4 118.4 104.9 120.7 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. December 7, 2022

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-13-

 

Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,

unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.

 Real

 Hourly hourly Unit Total Implicit

Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor unit Unit price

and produc- Hours sation sation labor costs costs profits deflator

quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 III -1.8 1.8 3.7 3.5 -2.1 5.3 4.6 5.1 -0.7 4.2 

 II -3.2 r -0.6 r 2.7 3.8 r -6.1 r 7.2 r 12.0 r 8.6 r 36.4 r 12.6 

 I -4.8 -1.2 3.8 3.8 -4.9 9.1 24.7 13.6 4.8 12.2 

2021 ANNUAL 3.2 8.3 4.9 4.7 0.1 1.5 4.1 2.3 22.9 5.0 

2021 IV -1.0 5.3 6.4 7.0 -0.9 8.1 17.7 10.9 -3.1 8.6 

 III 1.8 5.4 3.6 10.0 3.1 8.1 17.0 10.7 -4.0 8.2 

 II -0.7 4.7 5.4 7.3 -0.8 8.0 -10.8 2.0 48.2 8.2 

 I 2.5 7.3 4.7 -1.7 -5.5 -4.1 3.3 -1.9 51.6 4.4 

2020 ANNUAL 3.5 -4.0 -7.3 8.1 6.7 4.4 -7.5 0.6 6.6 1.4 

2020 IV 12.6 24.3 10.4 7.1 4.8 -4.9 59.3 10.3 -38.3 1.3 

 III 0.9 34.5 33.3 -6.4 -10.6 -7.2 -22.9 -11.9 177.2 3.2 

 II 3.5 -41.0 -43.0 28.9 33.3 24.6 -35.4 2.3 7.0 2.9 

 I 2.7 -2.3 -4.9 8.5 7.1 5.6 2.5 4.6 -30.6 -0.6 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 III -2.7 1.3 4.1 4.5 -3.5 7.4 14.5 9.5 8.3 9.3 

 II -1.8 r 2.2 r 4.1 6.1 r -2.3 r 8.1 r 17.8 r 10.9 r 7.4 r 10.4 

 I -1.2 3.5 4.8 7.0 -0.9 8.3 11.3 9.2 9.6 9.3 

2021 ANNUAL 3.2 8.3 4.9 4.7 0.1 1.5 4.1 2.3 22.9 5.0 

2021 IV 0.6 5.7 5.0 5.6 -1.0 4.9 6.1 5.3 20.3 7.3 

 III 3.9 10.2 6.0 5.6 0.3 1.6 14.5 5.1 7.4 5.5 

 II 3.7 17.1 12.9 1.4 -3.2 -2.2 3.1 -0.7 40.0 4.3 

 I 4.8 1.4 -3.2 6.2 4.2 1.3 -4.8 -0.6 29.1 3.0 

2020 ANNUAL 3.5 -4.0 -7.3 8.1 6.7 4.4 -7.5 0.6 6.6 1.4 

2020 IV 4.8 -0.9 -5.5 8.8 7.6 3.8 -5.0 1.0 6.2 1.7 

 III 2.9 -5.3 -8.0 8.5 7.2 5.5 -16.4 -1.6 23.7 1.6 

 II 3.3 -11.4 -14.3 10.6 10.1 7.1 -9.9 1.7 -3.0 1.1 

 I 2.6 1.6 -1.0 4.1 2.0 1.5 0.9 1.3 -1.2 1.0 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2012=100

2022 III 111.1 126.1 113.5 146.9 113.8 132.2 119.8 128.1 143.2 130.2 

 II 111.6 r 125.5 r 112.5 145.7 r 114.5 r 130.5 r 118.5 r 126.5 r 143.4 r 128.9 

 I 112.5 125.7 111.7 144.4 116.3 128.3 115.2 123.9 132.7 125.2 

2021 ANNUAL 114.0 123.8 108.6 139.0 117.6 121.9 104.4 116.1 129.5 118.0 

2021 IV 113.9 126.1 110.7 143.0 117.8 125.5 109.0 120.0 131.2 121.6 

 III 114.2 124.5 109.0 140.6 118.0 123.1 104.6 117.0 132.2 119.1 

 II 113.7 122.9 108.0 137.3 117.1 120.7 100.6 114.0 133.5 116.8 

 I 113.9 121.5 106.6 134.9 117.3 118.4 103.5 113.5 121.0 114.5 

2020 ANNUAL 110.4 114.3 103.5 132.7 117.5 120.2 100.3 113.6 105.4 112.4 

2020 IV 113.2 119.3 105.4 135.5 119.0 119.7 102.7 114.0 109.1 113.3 

 III 109.9 113.0 102.8 133.2 117.6 121.2 91.4 111.3 123.1 112.9 

 II 109.6 104.9 95.7 135.4 121.0 123.5 97.5 114.8 95.4 112.0 

 I 108.7 119.8 110.2 127.0 112.6 116.9 108.8 114.2 93.8 111.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. December 7, 2022

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-14-

 

SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S. 

Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal 

Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of

Economic Analysis.

SIZE OF REVISIONS: Productivity and cost measures are revised on a regular schedule as more 

complete data become available. The first estimate is published within 40 days of the close of the 

reference quarter, the second estimate approximately 30 days later, and the third estimate approximately 

60 days after the second estimate. Based on past revisions, the third estimate of nonfarm business sector 

quarterly labor productivity growth has differed from the first estimate by -1.1 to +1.4 percentage point 

about 80 percent of the time. This interval is based on estimates for reference quarters from the first 

quarter of 2001 to the second quarter of 2022. For more about revisions to labor productivity growth see 

“How large are revisions to estimates of quarterly labor productivity growth?” at 

www.bls.gov/osmr/research-papers/2021/ec210040.htm.

Table Footnotes

(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private

benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include

an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers 

(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2021 is based on the Consumer Price Index Retroactive series (CPI-URS).

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and 

imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, 

rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to 

three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for

convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal 

places.

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less 

subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments.

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.

(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption 

adjustment.