U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – MAY 2019 

Prices for U.S. imports declined 0.3 percent in May, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

following an increase of 0.1 percent the previous month. Lower fuel and nonfuel prices contributed to the 

May decline in import prices. U.S. export prices fell 0.2 percent in May, after advancing 0.1 percent in 

April, 0.8 percent in March, and 0.6 percent in February. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: May 2018 – May 2019

Imports 

U.S. Import prices fell 0.3 percent in May, the first monthly decline since a 1.4-percent drop in December. 

Import prices advanced 1.8 percent from December to April before the downturn in May. The price index 

for overall imports decreased 1.5 percent over the past 12 months, matching the drop in January. These were 

the largest over-the-year declines since the index fell 2.2 percent in August 2016. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 1.0 percent in May, after rising 25.4 percent over the previous 4 

months. Lower prices for both petroleum and natural gas contributed to the May decline. Petroleum prices 

fell 0.9 percent in May, after a 4.7-percent advance in April. The May decrease was the first monthly 

decline since a 15.3-percent drop in December. Natural gas prices fell 6.8 percent in May following a 51.1-

percent decline the previous month. Overall fuel prices decreased 1.1 percent over the past year. The decline 

was driven by a 1.9-percent drop in petroleum prices which more than offset a 2.5-percent rise in natural gas 

prices. 

0.9

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0.1

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3.1 3.4

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-2.0

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2.0

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May'18 Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, June 13, 2019 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-19-0949
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports fell 0.3 percent in May following a 0.1-percent 

decline in April and a 0.2-percent decrease in March. Lower prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and 

materials; foods, feeds, and beverages; capital goods; and automotive vehicles all contributed to the May 

decrease in nonfuel prices. The price index for nonfuel imports declined 1.4 percent between May 2018 and 

May 2019. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices decreased 1.0 

percent in May, after falling 0.1 percent in April. The May decline was led by a 1.9-percent drop in 

unfinished metals prices. Lower prices for building materials and paper also contributed to the overall 

decline. 

 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly down in May. The price indexes for capital goods and 

automotive vehicles each edged down 0.1 percent following decreases of 0.4 percent and 0.1 percent, 

respectively, in April. Consumer goods prices recorded no change in May, after declining 0.3 percent the 

previous month. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 0.8 percent in May following a 

2.7-percent increase in April. In May, a 10.4-percent drop in vegetable prices more than offset a 7.5-percent 

advance in fruit prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: May 2018 – May 2019 

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports declined 0.2 percent in May, the first monthly drop since the index fell 0.6 percent in 

January. Lower prices for both agricultural and nonagricultural exports contributed to the May decline. 

Export prices decreased 0.7 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year decline since the 

index fell 1.1 percent in October 2016. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports declined 1.0 percent in May, after 

decreasing 1.5 percent the previous month. In May, lower prices for soybeans, wheat, and fruit more than 

offset higher prices for meat and vegetables. Agricultural export prices fell 5.3 percent over the past year, 

the largest 12-month drop since the index declined 9.1 percent in April 2016. A 20.6-percent decrease in 

soybeans prices for the year ended in May led the overall decline in agricultural prices. The drop in 

soybeans prices more than offset higher vegetable prices over the past 12 months. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices decreased 0.2 percent in May following 

a 0.2-percent increase the previous month. In May, falling prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials; consumer goods; nonagricultural foods; and automotive vehicles more than offset rising prices for 

capital goods. The price index for nonagricultural exports also declined 0.2 percent for the year ended in 

May. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials drove the overall decrease. In 

contrast, prices for each of the major finished goods categories rose over the past 12 months. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials decreased 0.4 percent in May, after rising 0.7 percent in April. Decreasing prices for fuel and 

nonferrous metals more than offset advancing chemicals prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in May. Prices for capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent 

for the second consecutive month. A 0.7-percent advance in transportation equipment prices led the May 

increase in capital goods prices. In contrast, consumer goods prices decreased 0.2 percent in May and prices 

for automotive vehicles edged down 0.1 percent. 

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0.5

-0.8

-0.6 -0.6

0.6 0.8

0.1

-0.2

5.0 5.3

4.3

3.6

2.7

3.1

1.8

1.1

-0.2

0.2 0.6 0.2

-0.7

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

May'18 Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China edged down 0.1 percent in May 

following a 0.2-percent drop the previous month. Import prices from China have not recorded a monthly 

advance since the index rose 0.1 percent in May 2018. Prices for imports from China declined 1.4 percent 

over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since a 1.6-percent decrease in February 2017. Import prices 

from Japan recorded no change in May, after a 0.1-percent decline in April. Prices for imports from Japan 

also recorded no change from May 2018 to May 2019. The price index for imports from Canada declined 

1.0 percent in May, driven by lower fuel prices. The May drop followed a 2.1-percent increase in April. In 

contrast, import prices from Mexico and the European Union advanced 0.4 percent and 0.2 percent, 

respectively. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China fell 1.4 percent in May, after increasing 1.9 

percent over the previous 3 months. The May decrease was led by a 4.6-percent drop in nonmanufacturing 

prices, though lower manufacturing prices also contributed to the overall decline. Prices for exports to China 

decreased 4.3 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for exports to Japan also fell in May, 

declining 0.9 percent. The decrease followed a 0.7-percent advance in April. Export prices to Japan fell 2.0 

percent over the past year. In May, prices for exports to Canada decreased 0.3 percent, after declining 0.7 

percent in April. Export prices to Mexico and the European Union each edged down 0.1 percent in May. 

Prices for exports to Mexico fell 0.4 percent in April and the price index for exports to the European Union 

rose 0.6 percent. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 1.3 

percent in May following 0.7-percent increases in each of the previous 2 months. The decline in May 

resulted from export prices to China falling more than import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms 

of trade with China decreased 2.9 percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with Japan declined 0.9 

percent in May, after rising 0.8 percent in April. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 1.9 

percent for the year ended in May. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the European Union also decreased 

in May, declining 0.5 percent and 0.3 percent, respectively. In contrast, terms of trade between the United 

States and Canada rose 0.7 percent in May, after falling 2.7 percent the previous month. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 6.9 percent in May following a 7.2-percent decline in April 

and a 5.7-percent decrease in March. The May advance was driven by an 8.0-percent rise in European fares 

and a 9.9-percent increase in Asian fares. The index for import air passenger fares fell 1.9 percent for the 

year ended in May. Prices for import air freight rose 0.8 percent in May, after increasing 1.7 percent in 

April. Despite the recent advances, import air freight prices declined 7.9 percent over the past year, the 

largest 12-month drop since the index fell 9.5 percent in July 2016. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares advanced 0.7 percent in May following a 1.4-percent decline in April. 

The May increase was led by a 5.6-percent rise in Asian fares. Despite the advance in May, export air 

passenger fares fell 2.1 percent over the past year and have not recorded a 12-month advance since the index 

rose 2.4 percent in September. The price index for export air freight rose 0.3 percent in May and 1.3 percent 

over the past 12 months. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for June are scheduled for release on Tuesday, July 16, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. 

(EDT). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2018 to May

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 126.7 126.3 -1.5 1.0 0.6 0.1 -0.3

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.895 99.5 99.3 -1.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 89.375 112.6 112.3 -1.4 0.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.3

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.006 116.8 116.5 -1.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.111 184.0 182.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 2.7 -0.8

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.773 202.3 200.5 0.0 0.0 -0.7 3.4 -0.9

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.337 142.5 141.9 -0.7 0.0 1.4 0.1 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.958 194.5 192.6 -2.9 4.2 2.9 0.7 -1.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.496 154.7 153.0 -4.1 0.8 1.0 -2.8 -1.1

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 13.965 176.9 175.2 -4.1 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -1.0

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.773 167.6 165.5 -5.3 0.6 0.4 -0.1 -1.3

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.560 139.0 137.8 -1.8 1.0 1.7 -6.3 -0.9

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.994 224.5 222.2 -1.1 10.2 6.9 1.7 -1.0

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 10.625 246.0 243.8 -1.9 10.2 6.2 4.7 -0.9

Crude........................................ 10000 7.818 259.2 252.3 -4.8 14.3 6.8 5.5 -2.7

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.369 85.3 81.0 -4.9 10.7 19.7 -44.1 -5.0

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.276 69.2 64.5 2.5 12.9 23.7 -51.1 -6.8

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.585 124.0 120.8 3.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.6 -2.6

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.606 159.5 159.2 -2.6 -0.2 -0.7 -0.1 -0.2

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.478 143.0 140.6 -13.3 1.2 -0.1 -1.4 -1.7

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.803 236.6 232.1 -4.9 1.2 1.2 0.6 -1.9

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.757 158.1 157.4 -4.4 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.734 113.2 112.9 0.6 -0.3 0.1 -0.4 -0.3

Capital goods................................... 2 27.599 88.5 88.4 -1.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.368 118.4 118.4 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.968 80.7 80.6 -1.8 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.263 135.9 135.8 0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.549 109.9 109.8 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 25.784 106.8 106.8 -0.7 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.271 123.1 123.2 0.3 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.267 91.6 91.4 -1.8 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.246 116.5 116.5 -0.8 2.6 -2.6 -0.4 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2018 to May

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 127.2 126.9 -0.7 0.6 0.8 0.1 -0.2

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.480 178.0 176.2 -5.3 0.2 1.0 -1.5 -1.0

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.027 101.8 101.7 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.520 123.3 123.1 -0.2 0.7 0.7 0.2 -0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.780 180.7 178.7 -4.4 0.1 1.3 -1.8 -1.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.163 178.7 176.9 -4.6 0.0 1.2 -1.8 -1.0

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.616 218.1 212.9 -1.0 1.7 1.1 -2.1 -2.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 32.867 159.9 159.1 -2.3 1.6 1.9 0.7 -0.5

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.296 166.8 165.5 -1.6 0.9 0.7 0.5 -0.8

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 22.571 156.9 156.4 -2.6 1.9 2.5 0.8 -0.3

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.288 179.1 177.1 -9.8 0.9 -0.5 0.4 -1.1

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 31.580 159.3 158.6 -2.0 1.6 2.0 0.7 -0.4

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 11.193 195.5 194.2 -2.8 4.3 5.5 1.7 -0.7

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.389 158.8 158.4 -1.8 0.3 0.3 0.1 -0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.997 123.2 122.7 -1.4 0.4 -0.5 1.1 -0.4

Capital goods................................... 2 35.799 110.8 110.9 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.743 118.0 118.0 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.407 94.8 94.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 8.650 182.2 183.5 4.1 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.7

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.142 114.9 114.8 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.412 110.3 110.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.880 107.8 107.7 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.6 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.100 107.1 107.0 -0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.432 99.6 99.3 – 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2018 to May 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 10.484 123.1 119.9 -0.5 10.9 5.4 3.6 -2.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.027 191.4 186.9 0.5 1.3 -2.4 6.6 -2.4

Crop production............................... 111 1.643 205.7 202.5 1.6 1.6 -4.1 8.3 -1.6

Mining............................................ 21 8.457 116.2 113.1 -0.8 13.6 7.4 2.9 -2.7

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 8.210 116.2 113.0 -1.2 14.1 7.4 3.0 -2.8

Manufacturing..................................... 89.202 111.4 111.3 -1.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.102 125.3 125.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.384 156.6 156.2 -1.6 0.2 0.6 0.5 -0.3

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.110 122.5 122.3 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.365 100.5 99.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.6 -0.7

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.922 108.7 109.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.6

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.704 112.0 112.1 0.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.616 123.1 123.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 17.426 126.5 127.0 -0.7 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.060 115.8 113.4 3.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -2.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.564 101.3 105.6 7.1 1.0 4.7 2.4 4.2

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 9.506 139.4 139.5 -1.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.3 0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.247 119.2 119.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.027 131.3 131.1 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 60.675 103.9 103.6 -1.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.400 158.1 155.5 -4.1 1.3 0.6 0.7 -1.6

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.085 126.6 126.4 -1.6 -0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.218 118.6 118.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.182 73.1 72.9 -3.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.9 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.080 116.8 116.8 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.513 109.1 109.0 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.863 117.5 117.5 0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.333 118.4 118.0 -0.8 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2018 to May 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.289 137.4 134.2 -6.0 1.6 2.6 -1.4 -2.3

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.760 151.1 147.4 -10.4 0.6 1.2 -2.5 -2.4

Crop production............................... 111 4.413 157.8 153.9 -10.1 0.4 1.0 -2.5 -2.5

Mining............................................ 21 4.529 91.5 89.5 0.4 2.8 4.1 -0.3 -2.2

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.351 119.4 119.9 4.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.4

Manufacturing..................................... 89.466 117.4 117.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.0

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.711 140.5 140.6 -0.6 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.557 157.5 158.2 -0.5 0.0 0.6 -0.2 0.4

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.657 123.9 121.9 -3.9 0.2 -1.4 0.0 -1.6

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.502 117.5 117.7 -0.9 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.2

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.534 100.9 100.2 -4.0 0.7 -2.3 0.1 -0.7

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.707 127.7 127.2 -2.7 0.3 -0.6 -1.5 -0.4

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.557 116.6 117.3 -3.3 5.5 6.8 3.4 0.6

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.382 119.7 119.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.257 116.7 116.8 1.5 0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.841 118.1 118.1 0.9 -0.1 1.0 0.3 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.253 115.1 115.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.025 147.7 145.4 -1.3 1.2 0.2 0.5 -1.6

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 2.941 146.6 146.6 4.5 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.466 129.7 129.7 2.0 0.7 -0.1 0.2 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.755 82.3 82.1 -1.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.784 118.2 118.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.578 129.1 129.5 2.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.393 122.5 122.6 3.3 0.1 0.4 1.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.311 120.0 119.7 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2018 to May

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.412 200.0 197.7 0.0 0.8 2.5 1.0 -1.2

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.384 268.4 267.8 6.4 1.9 2.3 3.8 -0.2

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.741 142.4 140.6 -2.4 -0.1 3.2 -0.3 -1.3

Vegetable products............................... II 1.986 226.2 223.6 2.6 1.7 -3.5 7.8 -1.1

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.541 586.1 512.2 20.6 2.8 0.2 12.7 -12.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.694 128.9 138.4 5.1 -2.0 -5.8 14.1 7.4

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.318 199.8 194.8 -10.3 -1.5 -0.8 -0.1 -2.5

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.232 88.1 85.2 -18.8 -0.8 -0.9 -2.7 -3.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.814 165.4 165.1 -1.6 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.222 97.4 97.0 -6.5 0.1 0.9 0.6 -0.4

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.358 169.4 169.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -1.6 0.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.065 132.6 132.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Mineral products.................................. V 10.975 224.4 222.1 -1.0 10.1 7.0 1.4 -1.0

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.670 221.9 219.6 -1.2 10.4 7.0 1.5 -1.0

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 8.857 156.9 156.9 -1.1 0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.0

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.542 311.3 308.1 -1.2 2.9 -3.3 -3.0 -1.0

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.019 127.8 127.9 -4.3 -0.1 -0.5 0.6 0.1

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.303 152.6 152.7 0.1 1.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.280 85.5 86.7 6.1 -0.4 -2.0 -3.8 1.4

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.592 102.8 102.4 -1.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.4

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.580 103.5 103.4 -3.5 -0.6 -1.6 -0.3 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.453 140.5 140.7 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.315 143.6 143.6 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.139 136.4 137.0 -0.9 -0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.615 124.7 124.7 -1.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.0

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.587 131.1 131.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.842 145.2 141.1 -21.4 1.7 -0.5 -2.7 -2.8

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.110 122.0 120.3 3.7 0.2 -0.6 -0.2 -1.4

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.732 111.7 111.4 4.0 0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.3

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.840 114.4 114.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.954 104.7 104.7 0.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.618 120.2 120.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.2

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.643 103.7 103.7 -0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2018 to May

2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.345 122.1 122.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.117 121.1 121.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.0

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.942 132.2 132.0 -0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 -0.2

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.265 136.2 136.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.694 177.9 176.4 1.5 0.7 0.5 -0.6 -0.8

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.900 178.5 176.5 -4.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 -1.1

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.365 222.6 219.2 -5.3 -1.4 0.1 1.5 -1.5

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.716 150.7 150.1 -1.9 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.4

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.461 292.9 287.8 -9.8 4.1 2.0 -0.6 -1.7

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.017 134.5 132.3 -8.1 0.4 0.2 0.7 -1.6

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.439 123.8 123.7 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.513 136.2 136.2 -1.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.7 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.732 79.3 79.2 -1.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.789 85.6 85.5 -1.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.944 73.4 73.4 -1.9 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.801 113.6 113.5 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.627 112.6 112.6 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.066 114.6 114.5 -0.9 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.955 101.8 101.5 -1.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.688 98.4 98.1 -1.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.206 141.5 140.4 -2.4 0.1 -0.6 0.1 -0.8

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.418 112.4 112.5 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.778 118.6 118.7 0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.371 102.3 102.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.269 128.8 128.8 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2018 to May

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.922 211.2 216.0 3.3 0.5 1.4 -0.5 2.3

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.121 163.4 170.0 2.3 0.1 0.7 0.5 4.0

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.405 120.6 117.2 -0.8 1.1 1.7 -2.6 -2.8

Vegetable products............................... II 4.402 193.1 188.9 -8.5 -0.1 2.0 -3.7 -2.2

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.935 134.4 132.3 -5.2 -0.1 -1.8 -3.2 -1.6

Cereals............................................ 10 1.302 188.7 183.8 -11.8 – -2.8 -1.9 -2.6

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.651 188.7 179.2 -17.4 – -1.0 -0.3 -5.0

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.984 153.5 151.6 -1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 -1.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.558 97.5 97.6 0.4 0.9 1.8 -0.3 0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.525 106.5 106.7 -3.5 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.2

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.715 222.4 210.1 -9.9 -0.1 -1.7 0.4 -5.5

Mineral products.................................. V 11.306 235.8 234.4 -2.5 4.4 5.6 1.9 -0.6

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.421 102.2 102.8 -6.5 2.6 2.5 1.3 0.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.689 227.2 225.7 -2.3 4.6 5.8 2.0 -0.7

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.912 139.8 139.6 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.4 -0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.733 149.2 149.3 -10.5 3.9 -0.8 0.1 0.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.640 147.0 146.0 0.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.7

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.017 106.7 106.7 -0.8 0.8 -0.1 1.1 0.0

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.540 103.9 105.1 2.3 0.8 -1.0 2.4 1.2

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.853 132.6 132.0 1.1 1.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.486 124.3 124.7 4.4 -0.1 0.4 0.8 0.3

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.978 158.1 158.3 3.7 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.187 144.4 144.6 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.315 141.5 141.7 0.6 -0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.872 154.6 154.6 -2.8 0.6 -1.0 -0.1 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.642 99.6 99.0 -7.3 0.5 -0.7 0.2 -0.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.905 126.5 125.6 -5.4 -0.9 -1.0 -1.4 -0.7

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.077 126.1 125.7 -2.7 0.0 -0.2 -1.5 -0.3

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.757 124.3 123.6 -2.6 0.5 -0.2 0.8 -0.6

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.522 129.2 127.0 -12.7 1.8 0.0 2.3 -1.7

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.815 127.9 127.9 3.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.162 243.9 241.4 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.1 -1.0

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.772 162.6 160.4 -2.3 0.4 1.0 0.7 -1.4

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2018 to May

2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.511 192.4 189.0 -4.2 3.9 3.5 0.6 -1.8

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.729 108.8 106.4 -14.1 -2.8 1.4 2.3 -2.2

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.332 154.0 153.0 0.4 0.0 1.4 -0.7 -0.6

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 27.898 98.1 98.1 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.219 116.4 116.6 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.679 78.4 78.3 -0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.632 137.1 137.2 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.277 116.8 116.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.783 108.9 108.9 -0.5 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.364 113.0 113.0 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.761 131.1 131.2 2.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.451 88.3 88.3 0.9 1.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: May 2018 to May 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 128.4 127.9 1.3 2.8 1.2 0.5 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.200 208.3 202.1 20.7 25.0 8.9 5.1 -3.0

Manufacturing................................ 87.195 121.0 121.0 -1.1 0.6 0.2 -0.2 0.0

Canada.......................................... 100.000 146.6 145.1 5.6 7.6 3.0 2.1 -1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 32.376 205.1 199.1 24.3 27.1 9.4 5.5 -2.9

Manufacturing................................ 66.748 131.9 131.9 -2.2 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.0

European Union............................... 100.000 137.2 137.5 -0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.2

Manufacturing................................ 98.664 133.5 133.9 -0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.3

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.3 128.2 -0.7 0.2 0.4 0.2 -0.1

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 112.4 112.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.1

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 121.8 121.9 -0.2 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.1

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 148.4 148.2 -2.8 1.2 0.1 0.3 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 17.254 267.0 264.4 -5.0 5.7 1.3 2.9 -1.0

Manufacturing................................ 82.467 120.5 120.6 -2.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.1

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.7 129.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.9 0.4

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 9.528 157.8 161.4 15.5 3.1 2.7 14.4 2.3

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 90.211 87.3 87.5 -1.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.2

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4

............... 100.000 98.5 98.3 -1.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 99.2 99.1 -1.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.6 96.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 98.9 98.7 – -0.5 0.1 -0.6 -0.2

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 88.6 88.4 -1.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.2

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 96.9 96.8 -2.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 187.4 184.1 -1.7 0.5 4.6 3.4 -1.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: May 2018 to May 2019

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 103.7 103.7 1.1 0.9 1.0 -0.3 0.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.017 116.9 114.7 17.0 4.4 9.4 -4.3 -1.9

Manufacturing................................ 89.915 102.9 103.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1

Canada.......................................... 100.000 105.3 105.0 1.3 0.4 1.5 -0.7 -0.3

European Union............................... 100.000 105.2 105.1 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.6 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.924 115.5 113.2 9.6 1.9 3.4 3.9 -2.0

Manufacturing................................ 91.004 104.5 104.6 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.1

Germany........................................ 100.000 102.6 102.7 0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 102.9 102.8 -0.5 0.9 1.5 0.0 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.013 106.8 104.8 -1.0 0.4 1.0 -1.2 -1.9

Manufacturing................................ 92.573 102.7 102.7 -0.4 0.9 1.6 0.1 0.0

Mexico........................................... 100.000 101.8 101.7 -0.6 0.5 1.4 -0.4 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.114 99.8 98.0 -6.5 -0.2 1.7 -3.8 -1.8

Manufacturing................................ 93.402 101.9 101.9 -0.2 0.6 1.3 -0.1 0.0

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 100.9 100.1 -2.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.679 102.4 98.3 -7.4 1.8 1.4 3.3 -4.0

Manufacturing................................ 83.293 100.9 100.8 -0.7 0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

China............................................ 100.000 99.8 98.4 -4.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 -1.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 21.251 102.0 97.3 -8.4 2.3 2.1 4.2 -4.6

Manufacturing................................ 75.049 100.1 99.8 -2.0 0.8 0.3 -0.4 -0.3

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.8 99.9 -2.0 1.1 0.2 0.7 -0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 19.287 106.2 102.9 -3.8 3.2 1.6 2.6 -3.1

Manufacturing................................ 79.518 99.2 99.0 -1.9 0.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: May 2018 to May 20191

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 98.9 99.2 -0.3 -1.9 -0.2 -0.7 0.3

Canada.................................................. 94.4 95.1 -4.1 -6.6 -1.4 -2.7 0.7

European Union...................................... 103.2 102.9 1.7 0.4 0.0 0.7 -0.3

Germany................................................ 105.1 105.3 0.6 -0.2 -0.3 0.9 0.2

Latin America3

........................................ 103.2 103.3 2.4 -0.3 1.4 -0.3 0.1

Mexico.................................................. 102.0 101.5 -0.6 0.1 1.4 -1.4 -0.5

Pacific Rim4

............................................ 100.8 100.2 -0.9 0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.6

China................................................... . 100.7 99.4 -2.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 -1.3

Japan.................................................... 99.7 98.8 -1.9 1.0 0.1 0.8 -0.9

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: May 2018

to May 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20191

Index Percent change

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Annual Monthly

May

2018 to

May

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 178.0 179.4 -7.9 -6.1 -0.1 1.7 0.8

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.307 149.0 148.9 -3.5 -1.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Asia.................................................. 59.675 166.1 168.9 -10.6 -9.5 0.4 2.8 1.7

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 165.7 166.2 1.3 0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.3

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 31.699 151.2 152.5 3.2 -1.4 0.3 0.3 0.9

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 165.6 167.7 -4.6 -4.4 0.3 -0.8 1.3

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.441 136.2 137.2 -2.0 -2.4 -0.1 -1.2 0.7

Asia.................................................. 56.669 152.9 156.2 -6.2 -6.5 0.8 -0.3 2.2

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 144.3 144.8 3.3 0.2 0.5 -0.6 0.3

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 33.519 153.6 155.0 4.3 -0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9

Asia.................................................. 44.081 137.5 137.5 4.2 1.4 0.0 -2.1 0.0

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 162.7 174.0 -1.9 -2.0 -5.7 -7.2 6.9

Europe............................................... 53.442 182.3 196.9 -3.0 -1.7 -8.5 -11.5 8.0

Asia.................................................. 20.129 124.7 137.1 -1.6 -9.0 -0.7 0.1 9.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 7.083 155.5 151.8 -1.2 4.9 -0.6 0.6 -2.4

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 147.1 148.2 -2.1 -8.9 1.6 -1.4 0.7

Europe............................................... 28.735 189.6 191.3 -4.3 -2.4 0.8 -3.2 0.9

Asia.................................................. 26.537 124.7 131.7 3.4 -13.6 1.2 -5.0 5.6

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 26.418 160.1 151.6 -3.3 -11.6 3.2 3.5 -5.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.