Technical information:      (202) 691-5870      USDL 07-1881
                   http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
                                                For release:  10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact:                    691-5902      Tuesday, December 11, 2007


              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER:  OCTOBER 2007

   On the last business day of October, there were 4.1 million job openings
in the United States, and the job openings rate was 2.9 percent, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.  The
job openings, hires, and total separations rates were all essentially un-
changed in October.  This release includes estimates of the number and rate
of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by in-
dustry and geographic region.

Job Openings

   In October, the job openings rate remained at 2.9 percent.  The rate has
been 2.9 percent for 8 of the past 9 months.  Job openings include only 
those jobs open on the last business day of the month.  The job openings 
rate changed significantly in October only in retail trade, falling from 
2.3  percent in September to 1.9 percent in October.  Over the month, the 
job openings rate rose  in the Northeast region (2.6 percent) and fell in 
the  Midwest region (2.3 percent). The seasonally adjusted job openings 
rate  was highest in October in accommodations and food services (4.9 per-
cent).  (See table 1.)
     
   Over the year, the job openings rate rose in wholesale trade (2.9 per-
cent); accommodations and food services (4.6 percent); and federal govern-
ment (1.7 percent).  The rate fell over the year in natural resources and
mining (1.4 percent); durable goods manufacturing (1.9 percent); retail
trade (2.5 percent); information (2.7 percent); health care and social as-
sistance (3.9 percent); and arts, entertainment, and recreation (2.8 per-
cent).  Regionally, the job openings rate fell over the year in the North-
east (2.8 percent).  (See table 5.)

Hires
     
   The hires rate was little changed at 3.5 percent in October.  Hires are
any additions to the payroll during the month.  In October, the hires rate
increased in education and health services (2.8 percent), in accommodations
and food services (7.1 percent), and in the West region (3.9 percent).  The
hires rate did not fall significantly in October in any industry or region.  
As occurs nearly every month, the seasonally adjusted hires rate in October 
was highest in accommodations and food services (7.1 percent).  (See 
table 2.)
     
   From October 2006 to October 2007, the hires rate decreased over the
year in professional and business services (4.7 percent), in other services
(3.0 percent), and in the Northeast region (2.5 percent).  The hires rate
did not increase significantly in any industry or region over the year.
(See table 6.)

                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          |                    |                    
                     |    Job openings    |       Hires        | Total separations  
                     |--------------------------------------------------------------
     Industry        | Oct. | Sept.| Oct. | Oct. | Sept.| Oct. | Oct. | Sept.| Oct. 
                     | 2006 | 2007 | 2007p| 2006 | 2007 | 2007p| 2006 | 2007 | 2007p
---------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
                     |                     Levels (in thousands)                    
                     |--------------------------------------------------------------
Total (1)............|4,157 |4,119 |4,122 |4,983 |4,714 |4,903 |4,613 |4,430 |4,665 
                     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
  Total private (1)..|3,702 |3,664 |3,652 |4,616 |4,355 |4,502 |4,323 |4,146 |4,394 
    Construction.....|  137 |  138 |  163 |  345 |  336 |  336 |  373 |  364 |  384 
    Manufacturing....|  364 |  319 |  309 |  366 |  365 |  389 |  359 |  379 |  397 
    Trade, trans-    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     portation, and  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     utilities (2)...|  658 |  691 |  638 |1,008 |  994 |1,019 |  987 |  954 |  994 
     Retail trade....|  370 |  367 |  303 |  713 |  709 |  708 |  688 |  676 |  682 
    Professional     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     and business    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     services........|  709 |  661 |  712 |  994 |  800 |  828 |  921 |  832 |  882 
    Education and    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     health ser-     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     vices...........|  749 |  720 |  704 |  529 |  448 |  523 |  424 |  411 |  431 
    Leisure and      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     hospitality (3) |  579 |  653 |  664 |  893 |  906 |  960 |  791 |  723 |  811 
     Accommodations  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
      and food       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
      services.......|  487 |  587 |  598 |  758 |  749 |  835 |  673 |  627 |  692 
  Government (4).....|  460 |  455 |  470 |  363 |  370 |  378 |  298 |  289 |  292 
    State and local  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     government......|  423 |  408 |  420 |  320 |  296 |  314 |  248 |  213 |  240 
                     |--------------------------------------------------------------
                     |                       Rates (percent)
                     |--------------------------------------------------------------
Total (1)............|  3.0 |  2.9 |  2.9 |  3.6 |  3.4 |  3.5 |  3.4 |  3.2 |  3.4 
                     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
  Total private (1)..|  3.1 |  3.1 |  3.0 |  4.0 |  3.8 |  3.9 |  3.8 |  3.6 |  3.8 
    Construction.....|  1.7 |  1.8 |  2.1 |  4.5 |  4.4 |  4.4 |  4.8 |  4.8 |  5.1 
    Manufacturing....|  2.5 |  2.2 |  2.2 |  2.6 |  2.6 |  2.8 |  2.5 |  2.7 |  2.8 
    Trade, trans-    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     portation, and  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     utilities (2)...|  2.4 |  2.5 |  2.4 |  3.8 |  3.7 |  3.8 |  3.8 |  3.6 |  3.8 
     Retail trade....|  2.4 |  2.3 |  1.9 |  4.7 |  4.6 |  4.6 |  4.5 |  4.4 |  4.4 
    Professional     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     and business    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     services........|  3.9 |  3.5 |  3.8 |  5.6 |  4.5 |  4.6 |  5.2 |  4.6 |  4.9 
    Education and    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     health ser-     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     vices...........|  4.0 |  3.7 |  3.7 |  2.9 |  2.4 |  2.8 |  2.4 |  2.2 |  2.3 
    Leisure and      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     hospitality (3) |  4.2 |  4.6 |  4.6 |  6.7 |  6.6 |  7.0 |  6.0 |  5.3 |  5.9 
     Accommodations  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
      and food       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
      services.......|  4.1 |  4.8 |  4.9 |  6.7 |  6.4 |  7.1 |  5.9 |  5.4 |  5.9 
  Government (4).....|  2.0 |  2.0 |  2.1 |  1.6 |  1.7 |  1.7 |  1.3 |  1.3 |  1.3 
    State and local  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
     government......|  2.1 |  2.0 |  2.1 |  1.7 |  1.5 |  1.6 |  1.3 |  1.1 |  1.2 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
   2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
   3 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
   4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
   p = preliminary.

                                  - 3 -
                                  
Separations
     
   The total separations, or turnover, rate was essentially unchanged at
3.4 percent in October.  Separations are terminations of employment that
occur at any time during the month.  Over the month, the separations rate
changed significantly in state and local government (1.2 percent) and in 
the West region (3.8 percent); both rates rose.  From October 2006 to  
October 2007, the total separations rate increased in durable goods manu-
facturing (2.7 percent) and wholesale trade (2.8 percent).  Over the year, 
the total separations rate decreased in information (1.7 percent) and fed-
eral government (0.9 percent).  The total separations rate did not change
significantly in any region over the year.  (See tables 3 and 7.)

   Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and dis-
charges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retire-
ments).  The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers' ability
to change jobs, was unchanged in October.  The quits rate increased over the
month in professional and business services (2.8 percent) and accommodations
and food services (4.4 percent).  Geographically, the quits rate rose over
the month in the West (2.3 percent).  As has occurred every month since the
series began in December 2000, the seasonally adjusted quits rate in October 
was highest in accommodations and food services (4.4 percent).  (See table 4.)

   Over the year, the quits rate did not rise significantly in any industry
but did fall in several industries, including information (1.1 percent);
real estate and rental and leasing (1.4 percent); health care and social 
assistance (1.4 percent); and federal government (0.3 percent).  Geographi-
cally, the quits rate rose over the year in the West (2.1 percent) and fell 
over the year in the Midwest (1.6 percent).  (See table 8.)

   The other two components of total separations--layoffs and discharges,
and other separations--are not seasonally adjusted.  For October, the
layoffs and discharges rate (1.3 percent) and level (1.8 million) were
little changed from a year earlier.  The layoffs and discharges rate in
October 2007 was highest in arts, entertainment, and recreation (5.4
percent).  The other separations level decreased over the year to 247,000.
(See tables 9 and 10.)

Flows in the Labor Market

   Several industries consistently have high rates of both hires and
separations.  These include construction; retail trade; professional and
business services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and accommodations
and food services.  In the 12 months ending in October 2007, these 5
industries produced 33.9 million hires and 32.3 million separations.  Thus,
these five industries accounted for 58 percent of total nonfarm hires and
59 percent of total nonfarm separations while comprising only 39 percent of
total nonfarm employment.

   Although the month-to-month changes in job openings and turnover data
are often small, some industries are experiencing significant over-the-year
change.  From October 2006 to October 2007, the information industry had
decreases in its job openings, hires, and total separations rates.

For More Information

   For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the
JOLTS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/.  Additional information about
JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling
(202) 691-5870.
   
                      ______________________________

   
   The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for November 2007 is
scheduled to be issued on Thursday, January 10, 2008.  Release dates for 
the balance of 2008 are as follows:
     
     Dec. - Feb. 12     March - May 15    June - Aug. 12    Sept - Nov. 13
     Jan. - March 12    April - June 10   July - Sept. 9    Oct. - Dec. 9
     Feb. - April 8     May   - July 9    Aug. - Oct. 7
     

                                  - 4 -

Technical Note


  The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are
collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments 
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
   
Collection
   
  Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments
for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations.  Data collection methods include computer-assisted
telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail.
   
Coverage
   
  The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as
factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local
government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
   
Concepts
   
  Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).  In order to ensure the highest possible
quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and update,
if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of
all establishments on a 3-year cycle.  Changes in establishment characteris-
tics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the
JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year.
   
  Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or re-
ceived pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference
month.  Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried,
and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or
other paid leave.  Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses,
unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for 
the entire pay period, are not counted as employed.  Employees of tempo-
rary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establish-
ment where they are working.
   
  Job openings.  Establishments submit job openings information for the
last business day of the reference month.  A job opening requires that:  
1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that posi-
tion, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable
candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside
the establishment to fill the position.  Included are full-time, part-time,
permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings.  Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in news-
papers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, 
or using other similar methods.
   
  Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or
recall from layoffs are excluded.  Also excluded are jobs with start dates
more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired
but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors,
or consultants.  The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number
of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
   
                                  - 5 -

  Hires.  Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring
at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired em-
ployees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal em-
ployees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more
than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after
having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations.  The
hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies
or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.  The
hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and
multiplying that quotient by 100.
   
  Separations.  Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are
reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
other separations.  Quits are voluntary separations by employees (ex-
cept for retirements, which are reported as other separations).  Lay-
offs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the em-
ployer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs 
lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting 
from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges 
for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and 
terminations of seasonal employees.  Other separations include re-
tirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations 
due to disability.  Separations do not include transfers within the 
same location or employees on strike.
   
  The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations
by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.  The quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, divid-
ing the number by employment and multiplying by 100.
   
   Annual estimates.  Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires, quits,
layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released
with the January news release each year.
   
   The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published
monthly levels.  The annual rate estimates are computed by dividing the an-
nual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employ-
ment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100.  This figure will be ap-
proximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.  Note that both the
JOLTS and CES annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the
annual estimates are calculated.  Consistent with BLS practices, annual es-
timates will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
   
   Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business
day of each month.  Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are
counted.  For the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout
each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created by summing
the monthly estimates.  Hires and separations are flow measures and are
cumulated over the month with a total reported for the month.  Therefore,
the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates.

                                  - 6 -

Sample methodology
   
  The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business
establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as
federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District 
of Columbia.  The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight
million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program.  This program includes
all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal
agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
   
  The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector,
and size class.  Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty.
JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey.  A ratio of CES to JOLTS
employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels.
   
Using JOLTS data
   
  The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are rel-
atively new.  The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel
enrolled each month.  A full complement of panels for the original data
series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system
was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002.  The supple-
mental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not 
completely enrolled until May 2003.  The data collected up until those
points are from less than a full sample.  Therefore, estimates from earlier
months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting
data at that time.
   
  In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data
were revised to address possible underreporting.  As a result, JOLTS hires
and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be compar-
able with estimates for March 2002 and later.
   
  The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approx-
imately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not 
reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal gov-
ernment.  The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers 
were completed in March 2003.  The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS defi-
nitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of 
workers between establishments.  The Department of Homeland Security reorgan-
ization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovern-
mental transfers would distort the federal government time series.
   
Seasonal adjustment
   
  BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program.  Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such 
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year.
Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in 
the level of the series, particularly those associated with general 
economic expansions and contractions.  A concurrent seasonal adjust-
ment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 
calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including 
the data for the current month.

                                  - 7 -

  Prior  to  the  January  2007 benchmark release in March  2007,  sea-
sonal adjustment of the JOLTS series was  conducted using the stable
seasonal filter option since  there  were not enough data observations
available  for  the standard use of moving averages as seasonal  filters.
Although the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is conducted with
fewer data observations than is customary, the  number  of observations
is now above the minimum required  by  X-12-ARIMA to use the normal sea-
sonal filters.  Therefore, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal
filter is now in place for JOLTS seasonal adjustment.  JOLTS seasonal ad-
justment now includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal adjustment
models  and REGARIMA (regression  with autocorrelated errors) modeling to
improve the  seasonal adjustment factors  at the beginning and end of the
series and to detect and adjust for outliers in  the  series.   Due to
the  improved diagnostics, three  additional industries are  now  season-
ally  adjusted:  retail trade,  accommodations  and  food services, and
state and local government. It is expected that more series  may  be sea-
sonally adjusted when more data are available.
   
Reliability of the estimates
   
  JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a
chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate.  BLS analysis is generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.  That means that there is
a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true"
population value because of sampling error.  Estimates of sampling errors
are available upon request.
   
  The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.  Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a seg-
ment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the 
sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection 
or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data 
used in estimation.
   
  JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly ex-
plain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment.  Some reasons why it is
problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and
separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period
for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month,
while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month;
and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-
time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that in-
cludes the 12th of the month.  Additionally, research has found that some
reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a
number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and prac-
tices.  The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month 
period.
   
Other information
   
  Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.





Table 1.  Job openings levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

                                                      Levels (3) (in thousands)                              Rates

           Industry and region                Oct.   May    June   July   Aug.   Sept.  Oct.   Oct.  May   June  July  Aug.  Sept. Oct.
                                              2006   2007   2007   2007   2007   2007   2007p  2006  2007  2007  2007  2007  2007  2007p

Total (4)..................................  4,157  4,095  4,280  4,186  4,168  4,119  4,122    3.0   2.9   3.0   2.9   2.9   2.9   2.9

                INDUSTRY

 Total private (4).........................  3,702  3,627  3,810  3,711  3,709  3,664  3,652    3.1   3.0   3.2   3.1   3.1   3.1   3.0
  Construction.............................    137    157    139    167    149    138    163    1.7   2.0   1.8   2.1   1.9   1.8   2.1
  Manufacturing............................    364    345    344    340    328    319    309    2.5   2.4   2.4   2.4   2.3   2.2   2.2
  Trade, transportation, and utilities (5).    658    609    676    684    703    691    638    2.4   2.3   2.5   2.5   2.6   2.5   2.4
   Retail trade............................    370    337    409    399    380    367    303    2.4   2.1   2.6   2.5   2.4   2.3   1.9
  Professional and business services.......    709    654    763    693    676    661    712    3.9   3.5   4.1   3.7   3.6   3.5   3.8
  Education and health services............    749    703    711    717    700    720    704    4.0   3.7   3.7   3.7   3.6   3.7   3.7
  Leisure and hospitality (6)..............    579    571    568    547    585    653    664    4.2   4.0   4.0   3.9   4.1   4.6   4.6
   Accommodations and food services........    487    500    497    497    518    587    598    4.1   4.1   4.1   4.1   4.3   4.8   4.9
 Government (7)............................    460    468    465    475    449    455    470    2.0   2.1   2.0   2.1   2.0   2.0   2.1
  State and local government...............    423    424    424    430    410    408    420    2.1   2.1   2.1   2.2   2.1   2.0   2.1

                 REGION (8)

  Northeast................................    760    674    732    741    682    611    687    2.9   2.5   2.8   2.8   2.6   2.3   2.6
  South....................................  1,649  1,648  1,635  1,612  1,690  1,651  1,663    3.3   3.2   3.2   3.2   3.3   3.2   3.2
  Midwest..................................    769    799    805    754    778    828    757    2.4   2.4   2.5   2.3   2.4   2.5   2.3
  West.....................................    989    970  1,106  1,120  1,024  1,048  1,025    3.1   3.1   3.5   3.5   3.2   3.3   3.2

   1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
   2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
   3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
   4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
   5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
   6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
   7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
   8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are:  Northeast:  Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South:  Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:  Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West:  Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
   p = preliminary.





Table 2.  Hires levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

                                                      Levels (3) (in thousands)                              Rates

           Industry and region               Oct.   May    June   July   Aug.   Sept. Oct.    Oct.  May   June  July  Aug.  Sept. Oct.
                                             2006   2007   2007   2007   2007   2007  2007p   2006  2007  2007  2007  2007  2007  2007p

Total (4).................................. 4,983  4,982  4,741  4,802  4,836  4,714  4,903    3.6   3.6   3.4   3.5   3.5   3.4   3.5

                INDUSTRY

 Total private (4)......................... 4,616  4,503  4,335  4,443  4,369  4,355  4,502    4.0   3.9   3.7   3.8   3.8   3.8   3.9
  Construction.............................   345    351    358    408    371    336    336    4.5   4.6   4.7   5.3   4.9   4.4   4.4
  Manufacturing............................   366    356    355    359    349    365    389    2.6   2.5   2.5   2.6   2.5   2.6   2.8
  Trade, transportation, and utilities (5). 1,008  1,044    910    924    922    994  1,019    3.8   3.9   3.4   3.5   3.5   3.7   3.8
   Retail trade............................   713    715    605    613    666    709    708    4.7   4.6   3.9   4.0   4.3   4.6   4.6
  Professional and business services.......   994    935    865    879    797    800    828    5.6   5.2   4.8   4.9   4.4   4.5   4.6
  Education and health services............   529    507    493    502    501    448    523    2.9   2.8   2.7   2.7   2.7   2.4   2.8
  Leisure and hospitality (6)..............   893    873    854    874    901    906    960    6.7   6.5   6.3   6.4   6.6   6.6   7.0
   Accommodations and food services........   758    755    736    748    758    749    835    6.7   6.5   6.4   6.5   6.5   6.4   7.1
 Government (7)............................   363    409    395    385    396    370    378    1.6   1.8   1.8   1.7   1.8   1.7   1.7
  State and local government...............   320    330    312    293    314    296    314    1.7   1.7   1.6   1.5   1.6   1.5   1.6


                 REGION (8)

  Northeast................................   727    705    684    750    761    689    647    2.8   2.7   2.6   2.9   2.9   2.7   2.5
  South.................................... 1,969  1,960  1,842  1,898  1,841  1,848  1,916    4.0   4.0   3.7   3.8   3.7   3.7   3.9
  Midwest.................................. 1,097  1,101  1,082  1,039  1,081  1,125  1,114    3.5   3.5   3.4   3.3   3.4   3.5   3.5
  West..................................... 1,198  1,143  1,117  1,135  1,148  1,068  1,211    3.9   3.7   3.6   3.7   3.7   3.5   3.9

   1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
   2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 
   3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
   4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
   5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
   6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
   7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
   8 See footnote 8, table 1.
   p = preliminary.





Table 3.  Total separations levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

                                                      Levels (3) (in thousands)                              Rates

           Industry and region               Oct.   May    June   July   Aug.   Sept.  Oct.   Oct.  May   June  July  Aug.  Sept. Oct.
                                             2006   2007   2007   2007   2007   2007   2007p  2006  2007  2007  2007  2007  2007  2007p

Total (4)..................................  4,613  4,544  4,543  4,507  4,446  4,430  4,665    3.4   3.3   3.3   3.3   3.2   3.2   3.4

                INDUSTRY

 Total private (4).........................  4,323  4,233  4,234  4,173  4,120  4,146  4,394    3.8   3.7   3.7   3.6   3.6   3.6   3.8
  Construction.............................    373    346    363    384    371    364    384    4.8   4.5   4.7   5.0   4.9   4.8   5.1
  Manufacturing............................    359    396    382    379    380    379    397    2.5   2.8   2.7   2.7   2.7   2.7   2.8
  Trade, transportation, and utilities (5).    987    950    974    987    926    954    994    3.8   3.6   3.7   3.7   3.5   3.6   3.8
   Retail trade............................    688    685    688    687    652    676    682    4.5   4.5   4.5   4.5   4.2   4.4   4.4
  Professional and business services.......    921    775    728    733    742    832    882    5.2   4.3   4.1   4.1   4.1   4.6   4.9
  Education and health services............    424    437    473    414    430    411    431    2.4   2.4   2.6   2.2   2.3   2.2   2.3
  Leisure and hospitality (6)..............    791    833    850    837    808    723    811    6.0   6.2   6.3   6.2   6.0   5.3   5.9
   Accommodations and food services........    673    715    730    735    703    627    692    5.9   6.2   6.3   6.3   6.1   5.4   5.9
 Government(7).............................    298    315    310    323    322    289    292    1.3   1.4   1.4   1.5   1.4   1.3   1.3
  State and local government...............    248    239    239    254    255    213    240    1.3   1.2   1.2   1.3   1.3   1.1   1.2

                 REGION (8)

  Northeast................................    745    642    634    622    667    631    681    2.9   2.5   2.5   2.4   2.6   2.4   2.6
  South....................................  1,709  1,798  1,699  1,744  1,710  1,760  1,757    3.5   3.6   3.4   3.5   3.5   3.6   3.5
  Midwest..................................  1,072  1,024  1,033  1,014  1,038    998  1,005    3.4   3.2   3.2   3.2   3.3   3.1   3.1
  West.....................................  1,081  1,062  1,191  1,149  1,053  1,018  1,190    3.5   3.4   3.9   3.7   3.4   3.3   3.8

   1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
   2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
   3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
   4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
   5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
   6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
   7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
   8 See footnote 8, table 1.
   p = preliminary.





Table 4.  Quits levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

                                                      Levels (3) (in thousands)                              Rates

           Industry and region                Oct.   May    June   July   Aug.   Sept.  Oct.   Oct.  May   June  July  Aug.  Sept. Oct.
                                              2006   2007   2007   2007   2007   2007   2007p  2006  2007  2007  2007  2007  2007  2007p

Total (4)..................................  2,655  2,686  2,627  2,640  2,539  2,450  2,653    1.9   1.9   1.9   1.9   1.8   1.8   1.9

                INDUSTRY

 Total private (4).........................  2,513  2,530  2,475  2,493  2,391  2,308  2,507    2.2   2.2   2.1   2.2   2.1   2.0   2.2
  Construction.............................    137    124    129    176    145    135    136    1.8   1.6   1.7   2.3   1.9   1.8   1.8
  Manufacturing............................    196    216    195    186    202    189    200    1.4   1.5   1.4   1.3   1.4   1.4   1.4
  Trade, transportation, and utilities (5).    593    606    618    572    545    559    589    2.3   2.3   2.3   2.2   2.1   2.1   2.2
   Retail trade............................    438    445    448    427    401    412    433    2.9   2.9   2.9   2.8   2.6   2.7   2.8
  Professional and business services.......    475    424    411    418    395    420    504    2.7   2.4   2.3   2.3   2.2   2.3   2.8
  Education and health services............    274    284    271    276    270    253    256    1.5   1.6   1.5   1.5   1.5   1.4   1.4
  Leisure and hospitality (6)..............    542    551    595    597    557    410    561    4.1   4.1   4.4   4.4   4.1   3.0   4.1
   Accommodations and food services........    496    503    540    552    505    363    519    4.4   4.3   4.7   4.8   4.4   3.1   4.4
 Government (7)............................    144    157    152    148    148    146    146     .7    .7    .7    .7    .7    .7    .7
  State and local government...............    124    130    123    125    126    123    128     .6    .7    .6    .6    .6    .6    .7

                 REGION (8)

  Northeast................................    359    331    380    314    313    306    336    1.4   1.3   1.5   1.2   1.2   1.2   1.3
  South....................................  1,101  1,162  1,049  1,097  1,070  1,012  1,077    2.2   2.4   2.1   2.2   2.2   2.0   2.2
  Midwest..................................    604    551    555    553    564    543    549    1.9   1.7   1.7   1.7   1.8   1.7   1.7
  West.....................................    592    643    648    669    598    582    702    1.9   2.1   2.1   2.2   1.9   1.9   2.3

   1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
   2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
   3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
   4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
   5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
   6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
   7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
   8 See footnote 8, table 1.
   p = preliminary.






Table 5.  Job openings levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

                                                    Levels (in thousands)                  Rates

              Industry and region                  Oct.     Sept.    Oct.          Oct.     Sept.    Oct.
                                                   2006     2007     2007p         2006     2007     2007p

Total...........................................  4,189    4,273    4,157           3.0      3.0      2.9

                   INDUSTRY

 Total private..................................  3,740    3,830    3,698           3.1      3.2      3.1
  Natural resources and mining..................     14       12       11           2.0      1.7      1.4
  Construction..................................    120      132      145           1.5      1.7      1.8
  Manufacturing.................................    356      321      300           2.4      2.2      2.1
   Durable goods................................    226      191      174           2.5      2.1      1.9
   Nondurable goods.............................    130      130      126           2.4      2.5      2.4
  Trade, transportation, and utilities..........    762      790      729           2.8      2.9      2.7
   Wholesale trade..............................    130      190      181           2.1      3.0      2.9
   Retail trade.................................    489      445      401           3.1      2.8      2.5
   Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...    143      156      148           2.7      2.9      2.8
  Information...................................    153       90       86           4.8      2.8      2.7
  Financial activities..........................    227      244      233           2.6      2.8      2.7
   Finance and insurance........................    184      203      186           2.9      3.2      2.9
   Real estate and rental and leasing...........     43       41       47           1.9      1.8      2.1
  Professional and business services............    711      669      721           3.8      3.6      3.8
  Education and health services.................    740      750      698           3.9      3.9      3.6
   Educational services.........................     68       69       65           2.1      2.3      2.0
   Health care and social assistance............    673      681      633           4.3      4.2      3.9
  Leisure and hospitality.......................    517      639      614           3.8      4.4      4.3
   Arts, entertainment, and recreation..........     81       67       55           4.1      3.2      2.8
   Accommodations and food services.............    436      572      559           3.7      4.6      4.6
  Other services................................    140      184      161           2.5      3.3      2.9

 Government.....................................    448      443      459           2.0      2.0      2.0
  Federal.......................................     32       42       46           1.1      1.5      1.7
  State and local...............................    417      401      413           2.1      2.0      2.0

                    REGION (3)

  Northeast.....................................    810      661      744           3.1      2.5      2.8
  South.........................................  1,620    1,662    1,637           3.2      3.2      3.2
  Midwest.......................................    775      885      762           2.4      2.7      2.3
  West..........................................    984    1,064    1,015           3.1      3.3      3.2

   1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
   2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
   3 See footnote 8, table 1.
   p = preliminary.





Table 6.  Hires levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

                                                    Levels (in thousands)                  Rates

              Industry and region                  Oct.     Sept.    Oct.          Oct.     Sept.    Oct.
                                                   2006     2007     2007p         2006     2007     2007p

Total...........................................  4,985    5,135    4,931           3.6      3.7      3.5

                   INDUSTRY

 Total private..................................  4,645    4,572    4,587           4.0      3.9      3.9
  Natural resources and mining..................     20       27       19           2.8      3.7      2.5
  Construction..................................    309      332      297           3.9      4.2      3.8
  Manufacturing.................................    331      382      359           2.3      2.7      2.6
   Durable goods................................    187      214      211           2.1      2.4      2.4
   Nondurable goods.............................    144      168      148           2.8      3.3      2.9
  Trade, transportation, and utilities..........  1,122    1,105    1,149           4.3      4.2      4.3
   Wholesale trade..............................    139      183      171           2.3      3.0      2.8
   Retail trade.................................    823      756      831           5.4      4.9      5.4
   Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...    159      167      147           3.1      3.2      2.9
  Information...................................     74       60       60           2.4      2.0      2.0
  Financial activities..........................    217      236      224           2.6      2.8      2.7
   Finance and insurance........................    140      142      164           2.3      2.3      2.6
   Real estate and rental and leasing...........     77       93       59           3.5      4.2      2.7
  Professional and business services............  1,013      830      854           5.7      4.6      4.7
  Education and health services.................    535      561      539           2.9      3.0      2.9
   Educational services.........................     73      130       68           2.3      4.4      2.1
   Health care and social assistance............    463      431      472           3.1      2.8      3.0
  Leisure and hospitality.......................    810      866      920           6.1      6.3      6.8
   Arts, entertainment, and recreation..........     81      124       93           4.3      6.1      4.8
   Accommodations and food services.............    729      742      827           6.5      6.3      7.1
  Other services................................    215      172      166           4.0      3.2      3.0

 Government.....................................    340      563      344           1.5      2.5      1.5
  Federal.......................................     31      113       37           1.2      4.2      1.4
  State and local...............................    308      451      307           1.6      2.3      1.5

                    REGION (3)

  Northeast.....................................    738      848      642           2.9      3.3      2.5
  South.........................................  1,962    1,922    1,938           4.0      3.9      3.9
  Midwest.......................................  1,068    1,214    1,098           3.4      3.8      3.4
  West..........................................  1,218    1,150    1,253           4.0      3.7      4.0

   1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
   2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
   3 See footnote 8, table 1.
   p = preliminary.






Table 7.  Total separations levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

                                                    Levels (in thousands)                  Rates

              Industry and region                  Oct.     Sept.    Oct.          Oct.     Sept.    Oct.
                                                   2006     2007     2007p         2006     2007     2007p

Total...........................................  4,621    4,896    4,689           3.4      3.5      3.4

                   INDUSTRY

 Total private..................................  4,380    4,526    4,462           3.8      3.9      3.8
  Natural resources and mining..................     16       30       19           2.3      4.1      2.5
  Construction..................................    380      379      407           4.8      4.8      5.2
  Manufacturing.................................    357      400      399           2.5      2.8      2.9
   Durable goods................................    201      228      239           2.2      2.6      2.7
   Nondurable goods.............................    157      173      160           3.0      3.3      3.1
  Trade, transportation, and utilities..........    926    1,008      948           3.5      3.8      3.6
   Wholesale trade..............................    119      152      172           2.0      2.5      2.8
   Retail trade.................................    642      706      634           4.2      4.6      4.1
   Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...    165      150      142           3.3      2.9      2.8
  Information...................................     80       78       54           2.6      2.5      1.7
  Financial activities..........................    249      235      228           3.0      2.8      2.7
   Finance and insurance........................    149      153      155           2.4      2.5      2.5
   Real estate and rental and leasing...........    100       82       74           4.6      3.7      3.3
  Professional and business services............    888      847      910           5.0      4.7      5.0
  Education and health services.................    379      442      387           2.1      2.4      2.1
   Educational services.........................     38       53       34           1.2      1.8      1.1
   Health care and social assistance............    342      389      353           2.3      2.5      2.3
  Leisure and hospitality.......................    935      928      946           7.1      6.7      7.0
   Arts, entertainment, and recreation..........    153      209      153           8.0     10.2      7.9
   Accommodations and food services.............    782      719      793           6.9      6.1      6.8
  Other services................................    169      179      165           3.1      3.3      3.0

 Government.....................................    241      370      227           1.1      1.7      1.0
  Federal.......................................     32      103       24           1.2      3.8       .9
  State and local...............................    209      267      203           1.1      1.4      1.0

                    REGION (3)

  Northeast.....................................    754      802      711           2.9      3.1      2.7
  South.........................................  1,731    1,839    1,771           3.5      3.7      3.5
  Midwest.......................................  1,055    1,098      991           3.3      3.4      3.1
  West..........................................  1,081    1,157    1,217           3.5      3.7      3.9

   1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
   2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent
of total employment.
   3 See footnote 8, table 1.
   p = preliminary.






Table 8.  Quits levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

                                                    Levels (in thousands)                  Rates

              Industry and region                  Oct.     Sept.    Oct.          Oct.     Sept.    Oct.
                                                   2006     2007     2007p         2006     2007     2007p

Total...........................................  2,593    2,671    2,604           1.9      1.9      1.9

                   INDUSTRY

 Total private..................................  2,473    2,498    2,486           2.1      2.1      2.1
  Natural resources and mining..................     10       20       11           1.5      2.7      1.5
  Construction..................................    140      144      141           1.8      1.8      1.8
  Manufacturing.................................    196      207      202           1.4      1.5      1.4
   Durable goods................................    104      114      116           1.2      1.3      1.3
   Nondurable goods.............................     93       93       86           1.8      1.8      1.7
  Trade, transportation, and utilities..........    567      610      566           2.2      2.3      2.1
   Wholesale trade..............................     65       87       78           1.1      1.4      1.3
   Retail trade.................................    424      445      422           2.8      2.9      2.7
   Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...     78       78       66           1.5      1.5      1.3
  Information...................................     52       52       34           1.7      1.7      1.1
  Financial activities..........................    157      132      124           1.9      1.6      1.5
   Finance and insurance........................    100       91       92           1.6      1.5      1.5
   Real estate and rental and leasing...........     57       41       32           2.6      1.9      1.4
  Professional and business services............    432      426      477           2.4      2.4      2.6
  Education and health services.................    260      275      237           1.4      1.5      1.3
   Educational services.........................     17       32       20            .6      1.1       .6
   Health care and social assistance............    243      243      217           1.6      1.6      1.4
  Leisure and hospitality.......................    580      517      590           4.4      3.8      4.3
   Arts, entertainment, and recreation..........     56       68       44           3.0      3.3      2.3
   Accommodations and food services.............    524      450      545           4.6      3.8      4.7
  Other services................................     78      116      104           1.4      2.1      1.9

 Government.....................................    120      173      118            .5       .8       .5
  Federal.......................................     14       36        9            .5      1.3       .3
  State and local...............................    105      137      109            .5       .7       .5

                    REGION (3)

  Northeast.....................................    351      389      341           1.4      1.5      1.3
  South.........................................  1,109    1,047    1,079           2.2      2.1      2.2
  Midwest.......................................    584      595      527           1.8      1.9      1.6
  West..........................................    549      640      656           1.8      2.1      2.1

  1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
  2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 
  3 See footnote 8, table 1.
  p = preliminary.






Table 9.  Layoffs and discharges levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

                                                    Levels (in thousands)                  Rates

              Industry and region                  Oct.     Sept.    Oct.          Oct.     Sept.    Oct.
                                                   2006     2007     2007p         2006     2007     2007p

Total...........................................  1,706    1,924    1,838           1.2      1.4      1.3

                   INDUSTRY

 Total private..................................  1,620    1,800    1,762           1.4      1.5      1.5
  Natural resources and mining..................      4        8        6            .5      1.1       .8
  Construction..................................    206      221      251           2.6      2.8      3.2
  Manufacturing.................................    134      167      178            .9      1.2      1.3
   Durable goods................................     80      101      113            .9      1.1      1.3
   Nondurable goods.............................     54       67       64           1.0      1.3      1.3
  Trade, transportation, and utilities..........    282      327      337           1.1      1.2      1.3
   Wholesale trade..............................     46       59       89            .8      1.0      1.5
   Retail trade.................................    174      210      189           1.1      1.4      1.2
   Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...     62       59       59           1.2      1.1      1.2
  Information...................................     23       19       12            .8       .6       .4
  Financial activities..........................     73       91       89            .9      1.1      1.1
   Finance and insurance........................     36       53       53            .6       .9       .9
   Real estate and rental and leasing...........     37       38       36           1.7      1.7      1.6
  Professional and business services............    400      371      395           2.2      2.1      2.2
  Education and health services.................     88      143      112            .5       .8       .6
   Educational services.........................     17       18       11            .6       .6       .4
   Health care and social assistance............     71      126      100            .5       .8       .6
  Leisure and hospitality.......................    337      397      333           2.6      2.9      2.4
   Arts, entertainment, and recreation..........     94      139      106           4.9      6.8      5.4
   Accommodations and food services.............    243      257      228           2.2      2.2      2.0
  Other services................................     71       55       50           1.3      1.0       .9

 Government.....................................     87      124       76            .4       .6       .3
  Federal.......................................     11       27        9            .4      1.0       .3
  State and local...............................     76       97       67            .4       .5       .3

                    REGION (3)

  Northeast.....................................    345      345      309           1.3      1.3      1.2
  South.........................................    495      707      598           1.0      1.4      1.2
  Midwest.......................................    411      438      414           1.3      1.4      1.3
  West..........................................    455      435      517           1.5      1.4      1.7

   1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
   2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
   3 See footnote 8, table 1.
   p = preliminary.






Table 10.  Other separations levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

                                                    Levels (in thousands)                  Rates

              Industry and region                  Oct.     Sept.    Oct.          Oct.     Sept.    Oct.
                                                   2006     2007     2007p         2006     2007     2007p

Total...........................................    322      301      247           0.2      0.2      0.2

                   INDUSTRY

 Total private..................................    287      228      214            .2       .2       .2
  Natural resources and mining..................      2        2        2            .3       .3       .2
  Construction..................................     34       14       15            .4       .2       .2
  Manufacturing.................................     27       26       19            .2       .2       .1
   Durable goods................................     17       13       10            .2       .1       .1
   Nondurable goods.............................     10       13       10            .2       .2       .2
  Trade, transportation, and utilities..........     77       71       45            .3       .3       .2
   Wholesale trade..............................      7        6        5            .1       .1       .1
   Retail trade.................................     44       51       23            .3       .3       .1
   Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...     26       13       16            .5       .3       .3
  Information...................................      5        7        8            .2       .2       .3
  Financial activities..........................     19       12       15            .2       .1       .2
   Finance and insurance........................     13        9        9            .2       .1       .1
   Real estate and rental and leasing...........      7        3        6            .3       .1       .3
  Professional and business services............     55       50       39            .3       .3       .2
  Education and health services.................     31       25       38            .2       .1       .2
   Educational services.........................      3        3        3            .1       .1       .1
   Health care and social assistance............     27       21       35            .2       .1       .2
  Leisure and hospitality.......................     17       14       23            .1       .1       .2
   Arts, entertainment, and recreation..........      2        2        3            .1       .1       .2
   Accommodations and food services.............     15       12       20            .1       .1       .2
  Other services................................     20        8       10            .4       .1       .2

 Government.....................................     35       73       32            .2       .3       .1
  Federal.......................................      7       40        6            .3      1.5       .2
  State and local...............................     27       33       27            .1       .2       .1

                    REGION (3)

  Northeast.....................................     58       68       60            .2       .3       .2
  South.........................................    127       86       94            .3       .2       .2
  Midwest.......................................     60       65       49            .2       .2       .2
  West..........................................     77       82       44            .3       .3       .1

   1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
   2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
   3 See footnote 8, table 1.
   p = preliminary.