News

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 

United States 

Department 

of Labor 

Technical information: 

 Employment: (202) 691-6559 USDL 09-0093 

 http://www.bls.gov/sae/ 

 Unemployment: (202) 691-6392 

http://www.bls.gov/lau/ For release: 10:00 A.M. (EST) 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Tuesday, January 27, 2009 

REGIONAL AND STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: DECEMBER 2008 

Regional and state unemployment rates were universally higher in December. All 50 states and the 

District of Columbia recorded both over-the-month and over-the-year unemployment rate increases, the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The national unemployment 

rate rose from 6.8 to 7.2 percent in December and was up by 2.3 percentage points from a year earlier. 

In December, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 1 state and the District of Columbia, 

decreased in 48 states, and was unchanged in 1 state (Oklahoma). The only over-the-month increases 

in the level of employment were recorded in Louisiana (+3,700 or +0.2 percent) and the District of 

Columbia (+100 or less than +0.1 percent). The largest over-the-month decrease in the level of 

employment was reported in California (-78,200), followed by Michigan (-59,000), New York 

(-54,000), Illinois (-36,000), Indiana (-35,300), and North Carolina (-34,900). Idaho (-1.6 percent) 

experienced the largest over-the-month percentage decrease in employment, followed by Michigan 

(-1.4 percent), Hawaii and Indiana (-1.2 percent each), and North Carolina and New Hampshire (-0.9 

percent each). Over the year, nonfarm employment increased in 8 states and the District of Columbia 

and decreased in 42 states. Wyoming (+2.2 percent) reported the largest over-the-year percentage 

increase in employment, followed by Texas (+1.5 percent), Oklahoma (+1.0 percent), Alaska (+0.9 

percent), and South Dakota (+0.8 percent). The largest over-the-year percentage decrease in employment was reported in Rhode Island (-4.5 percent), followed by Arizona and Idaho (-4.3 percent each), 

Michigan (-4.1 percent), and Indiana (-3.7 percent). 

Regional Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted)

In December, the West and Midwest again posted the highest regional jobless rates, 8.0 and 7.5 

percent, respectively. The Northeast and South recorded the lowest unemployment rates, 7.0 percent 

each. All four regions registered statistically significant rate increases from November: the Northeast 

(+0.9 percentage point), West (+0.7 point), and Midwest and South (+0.6 point each). All four regions 

also reported significant jobless rate increases from December 2007: the West (+2.9 percentage points), 

South (+2.5 points), Northeast (+2.4 points), and Midwest (+2.2 points). (See table 1.) 
2

Among the nine geographic divisions, the Pacific and East North Central again recorded the highest unemployment rates in December, 8.8 and 8.2 percent, respectively. The West North Central and 

West South Central registered the lowest jobless rates, 5.9 percent each. All nine divisions reported 

statistically significant over-the-month unemployment rate increases: the East South Central and Middle 

Atlantic (+0.9 percentage point each); Pacific (+0.8 point); East North Central, New England, and South 

Atlantic (+0.7 point each); Mountain (+0.6 point); West North Central (+0.4 point); and West South 

Central (+0.3 point). Over the year, all nine divisions also had significant rate increases: the Pacific 

(+3.2 percentage points); South Atlantic (+3.1 points); East North Central, East South Central, and New 

England (+2.5 points each); Middle Atlantic (+2.4 points); Mountain (+2.3 points); and West North 

Central and West South Central (+1.5 points each). 

State Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted)

In December, Michigan and Rhode Island reported the highest jobless rates, 10.6 and 10.0 percent, 

respectively. The Rhode Island rate was the highest in its series. (All state series begin in 1976.) Four 

additional states recorded rates of 9.0 percent or more: South Carolina, 9.5 percent; California, 9.3 percent; Nevada, 9.1 percent; and Oregon, 9.0 percent. Wyoming posted the lowest unemployment rate, 

3.4 percent, followed closely by North Dakota at 3.5 percent. Overall, 10 states and the District of 

Columbia registered significantly higher jobless rates than the U.S. figure of 7.2 percent, 22 states reported measurably lower rates, and 18 states had rates little different from that of the nation. (See 

tables A and 3 and chart 1.) 

Indiana and South Carolina recorded the largest over-the-month unemployment rate increases 

in December (+1.1 percentage points each). Six other states had increases of 1.0 percentage point: 

Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, and Oregon. Thirty-two additional states 

and the District of Columbia also experienced statistically significant rate increases. The remaining 

10 states registered December unemployment rates that were not appreciably different from those of 

a month earlier, though some had changes that were at least as large numerically as the significant 

changes. (See table B.) 

Forty-eight states and the District of Columbia had statistically significant jobless rate increases 

from December 2007. Rhode Island reported the largest rate increase from a year earlier (+4.8 percentage points). The states with the next largest rate increases were North Carolina (+4.0 percentage 

points) and Nevada (+3.9 points). Nine other states and the District of Columbia posted over-the-year 

rate increases of 3.0 percentage points or more, and 36 additional states had smaller, but also statistically 

significant, rate increases from December 2007. The remaining two states recorded December 2008 

jobless rates that were not appreciably different from those of a year earlier. (See table C.) 

Nonfarm Payroll Employment (Seasonally Adjusted)

Between November and December 2008, 33 states reported statistically significant changes in 

employment, all of which were decreases. The largest statistically significant decreases in employment were experienced in California (-78,200), Michigan (-59,000), New York (-54,000), and Illinois 

(-36,000). (See tables D and 5.) 

Over the year, 30 states reported statistically significant changes in employment with only 1 of 

those being an increase. The only statistically significant increase was recorded in Texas (+153,700). 

The largest statistically significant over-the-year decreases occurred in California (-257,400), Florida 

(-255,200), Michigan (-173,000), and North Carolina (-120,200). (See table E.) 
3

______________________________ 

The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for December 2008 is scheduled to 

be issued on Wednesday, February 4. The Regional and State Employment and Unemployment release 

for January 2009 is scheduled to be issued on Wednesday, March 11. 

Hurricane Katrina 

For December, BLS and its state partners continued to make modifications to the usual 

estimation procedures for the LAUS program to reflect the impact of Hurricane Katrina on the 

labor force statistics in affected areas. These modifications included: (1) modifying the state 

population controls to account for displacement due to Katrina; (2) developing labor force 

estimates for the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner metropolitan area using an alternative to the 

model-based method; and (3) not publishing labor force estimates for the months immediately 

following the hurricane for the parishes within the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner metropolitan 

area and cities within those parishes, where the quality of input data was severely compromised 

by the hurricane. 

For more information on LAUS procedures and estimates for December 2008, see 

Hurricane Information: Katrina and Rita at http://www.bls.gov/Katrina/home.htm or call 

(202) 691-6392. 

This will be the last month this note will appear in this news release, though the modifications to the estimation procedures for the affected areas will continue until further notice. 

Upcoming Changes to Local Area Unemployment Statistics Data 

Effective with the release of 2008 annual average estimates on February 27, the labor force 

data for regions, divisions, states, the District of Columbia, and the modeled substate areas 

presented in tables 1-4 of this news release will be revised to incorporate updated population 

controls, reestimation of models, and adjustment to new division and national control totals. 

Revised seasonal adjustment factors will apply to data tables 1 and 3 as well. Both not 

seasonally adjusted and seasonally adjusted data are subject to revision back to 2004. The 

updated population controls reflect the annual updating of population estimates by the U.S. 

Census Bureau. 
4

Upcoming Changes to Current Employment Statistics Data 

Effective with the release of January 2009 estimates, all nonfarm payroll employment 

estimates for states and areas presented in tables 5 and 6 of this news release will be adjusted to 

2008 benchmark levels. Data in table 5 will be adjusted to incorporate new seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted payroll data back to April 2007 and seasonally adjusted 

data for states back to January 2004 will be subject to revision. 

 

Revisions to November 2008 Preliminary Current 

Employment Statistics Data 

Revisions to the November 2008 preliminary Current Employment Statistics (CES) estimates were unusually large in many states. The revisions reflect the routine incorporation of 

additional sample reports, and the use of improved estimate review procedures provided by the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The procedures are designed to improve the overall accuracy 

of individual state estimates bringing the aggregate employment change across states into 

closer alignment with the change in national employment reflected in the estimates produced 

and published by BLS. The new review procedures more closely align the state review process 

with the BLS review process. 

More detailed information on the changes to procedures for producing CES estimates is 

available on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/sae/cesprocs.htm.

 
5

State Rate p

United States 1................................................... 7.2

Arkansas ................................................................. 6.2

California ................................................................. 9.3

Colorado .................................................................. 6.1

Delaware ................................................................. 6.2

District of Columbia ................................................. 8.8

Florida ...................................................................... 8.1

Georgia .................................................................... 8.1

Hawaii ...................................................................... 5.5

Indiana ..................................................................... 8.2

Iowa ......................................................................... 4.6

Kansas ..................................................................... 5.2

Louisiana ................................................................. 5.9

Maryland .................................................................. 5.8

Michigan .................................................................. 10.6

Montana ................................................................... 5.4

Nebraska ................................................................. 4.0

Nevada .................................................................... 9.1

New Hampshire ....................................................... 4.6

New Mexico ............................................................. 4.9

North Carolina ......................................................... 8.7

North Dakota ........................................................... 3.5

Oklahoma ................................................................ 4.9

Oregon ..................................................................... 9.0

Rhode Island ........................................................... 10.0

South Carolina ......................................................... 9.5

South Dakota ........................................................... 3.9

Texas ....................................................................... 6.0

Utah ......................................................................... 4.3

Vermont ................................................................... 6.4

Virginia ..................................................................... 5.4

West Virginia ........................................................... 4.9

Wisconsin ................................................................ 6.2

Wyoming ................................................................. 3.4

1

 Data are not preliminary.

p

 = preliminary.

of the U.S., December 2008, seasonally adjusted

Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different from that
6

Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from November 2008

to December 2008, seasonally adjusted

November 2008 December 2008 p

Alabama .......................................... 6.0 6.7 0.7

Arizona ............................................ 6.3 6.9 .6

Arkansas ......................................... 5.7 6.2 .5

California ......................................... 8.4 9.3 .9

Delaware ......................................... 5.6 6.2 .6

District of Columbia ......................... 8.0 8.8 .8

Florida ............................................. 7.4 8.1 .7

Georgia ........................................... 7.4 8.1 .7

Hawaii ............................................. 5.0 5.5 .5

Idaho ............................................... 5.7 6.4 .7

Indiana ............................................ 7.1 8.2 1.1

Iowa ................................................ 4.3 4.6 .3

Kansas ............................................ 4.9 5.2 .3

Kentucky ......................................... 7.0 7.8 .8

Maine .............................................. 6.3 7.0 .7

Maryland ......................................... 5.3 5.8 .5

Massachusetts ................................ 5.9 6.9 1.0

Michigan .......................................... 9.6 10.6 1.0

Minnesota ....................................... 6.4 6.9 .5

Mississippi ....................................... 7.2 8.0 .8

Missouri ........................................... 6.8 7.3 .5

Montana .......................................... 4.9 5.4 .5

Nebraska ........................................ 3.7 4.0 .3

Nevada ............................................ 8.1 9.1 1.0

New Jersey ..................................... 6.1 7.1 1.0

New Mexico .................................... 4.3 4.9 .6

New York ........................................ 6.0 7.0 1.0

North Carolina ................................. 7.8 8.7 .9

Ohio ................................................ 7.3 7.8 .5

Oregon ............................................ 8.0 9.0 1.0

Pennsylvania ................................... 6.2 6.7 .5

Rhode Island ................................... 9.3 10.0 .7

South Carolina ................................ 8.4 9.5 1.1

South Dakota .................................. 3.4 3.9 .5

Tennessee ...................................... 7.0 7.9 .9

Texas .............................................. 5.7 6.0 .3

Utah ................................................ 3.7 4.3 .6

Vermont .......................................... 5.7 6.4 .7

Virginia ............................................ 4.8 5.4 .6

Washington ..................................... 6.3 7.1 .8

Wisconsin ....................................... 5.6 6.2 .6

p

 = preliminary.

Rate

State Over-the-month rate 

change p
7

Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from December 2007 to

December 2008, seasonally adjusted

December 2007 December 2008 p

Alabama .......................................... 3.7 6.7 3.0

Alaska ............................................. 6.3 7.5 1.2

Arizona ............................................ 4.2 6.9 2.7

Arkansas ......................................... 5.5 6.2 .7

California ......................................... 5.9 9.3 3.4

Colorado ......................................... 4.0 6.1 2.1

Connecticut ..................................... 4.8 7.1 2.3

Delaware ......................................... 3.5 6.2 2.7

District of Columbia ......................... 5.7 8.8 3.1

Florida ............................................. 4.5 8.1 3.6

Georgia ........................................... 4.5 8.1 3.6

Hawaii ............................................. 3.1 5.5 2.4

Idaho ............................................... 2.7 6.4 3.7

Illinois .............................................. 5.3 7.6 2.3

Indiana ............................................ 4.5 8.2 3.7

Iowa ................................................ 3.8 4.6 .8

Kansas ............................................ 4.2 5.2 1.0

Kentucky ......................................... 5.3 7.8 2.5

Louisiana ......................................... 4.0 5.9 1.9

Maine .............................................. 4.9 7.0 2.1

Maryland ......................................... 3.6 5.8 2.2

Massachusetts ................................ 4.3 6.9 2.6

Michigan .......................................... 7.4 10.6 3.2

Minnesota ....................................... 4.7 6.9 2.2

Mississippi ....................................... 6.3 8.0 1.7

Missouri ........................................... 5.3 7.3 2.0

Montana .......................................... 3.2 5.4 2.2

Nebraska ........................................ 2.8 4.0 1.2

Nevada ............................................ 5.2 9.1 3.9

New Hampshire .............................. 3.4 4.6 1.2

New Jersey ..................................... 4.2 7.1 2.9

New Mexico .................................... 3.2 4.9 1.7

New York ........................................ 4.6 7.0 2.4

North Carolina ................................. 4.7 8.7 4.0

North Dakota ................................... 3.2 3.5 .3

Ohio ................................................ 5.8 7.8 2.0

Oklahoma ....................................... 4.1 4.9 .8

Oregon ............................................ 5.4 9.0 3.6

Pennsylvania ................................... 4.4 6.7 2.3

Rhode Island ................................... 5.2 10.0 4.8

South Carolina ................................ 6.2 9.5 3.3

South Dakota .................................. 2.9 3.9 1.0

Tennessee ...................................... 5.0 7.9 2.9

Texas .............................................. 4.2 6.0 1.8

Utah ................................................ 2.9 4.3 1.4

Vermont .......................................... 3.9 6.4 2.5

Virginia ............................................ 3.2 5.4 2.2

Washington ..................................... 4.6 7.1 2.5

Wisconsin ....................................... 4.8 6.2 1.4

p

 = preliminary.

Rate

State Over-the-year rate 

change p
8

Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from November 2008 to

December 2008, seasonally adjusted

November December Over-the-month

2008 2008 p change p

Alabama........................................... 1,990,200 1,976,300 -13,900

Arizona............................................. 2,560,600 2,543,900 -16,700

Arkansas.......................................... 1,195,400 1,187,700 -7,700

California.......................................... 14,991,800 14,913,600 -78,200

Colorado.......................................... 2,345,700 2,332,400 -13,300

Connecticut...................................... 1,688,700 1,677,200 -11,500

Georgia............................................ 4,064,000 4,041,300 -22,700

Hawaii.............................................. 620,300 612,600 -7,700

Idaho................................................ 638,700 628,800 -9,900

Illinois............................................... 5,921,800 5,885,800 -36,000

Indiana............................................. 2,918,300 2,883,000 -35,300

Iowa................................................. 1,521,100 1,513,300 -7,800

Kansas............................................. 1,392,200 1,385,500 -6,700

Kentucky.......................................... 1,859,000 1,843,200 -15,800

Massachusetts................................. 3,260,900 3,244,100 -16,800

Michigan........................................... 4,113,600 4,054,600 -59,000

Minnesota........................................ 2,732,200 2,720,400 -11,800

Mississippi........................................ 1,136,200 1,128,400 -7,800

New Hampshire............................... 653,100 647,200 -5,900

New Jersey...................................... 4,034,800 4,019,600 -15,200

New York......................................... 8,715,200 8,661,200 -54,000

North Carolina.................................. 4,102,400 4,067,500 -34,900

Ohio................................................. 5,363,100 5,329,700 -33,400

Oregon............................................. 1,704,900 1,695,200 -9,700

Pennsylvania.................................... 5,759,200 5,732,100 -27,100

Rhode Island.................................... 471,800 468,800 -3,000

South Carolina................................. 1,918,900 1,903,900 -15,000

Tennessee....................................... 2,760,600 2,742,700 -17,900

Utah................................................. 1,246,300 1,237,700 -8,600

Vermont........................................... 305,100 302,700 -2,400

Virginia............................................. 3,764,800 3,743,900 -20,900

Washington...................................... 2,941,500 2,920,200 -21,300

Wisconsin........................................ 2,841,500 2,819,500 -22,000

p

 = preliminary.

State
9

Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from December 2007 to

December 2008, seasonally adjusted

December December Over-the-year

2007 2008 p change p

Alabama........................................... 2,018,000 1,976,300 -41,700

Arizona............................................. 2,659,300 2,543,900 -115,400

Arkansas.......................................... 1,206,400 1,187,700 -18,700

California.......................................... 15,171,000 14,913,600 -257,400

Connecticut...................................... 1,706,500 1,677,200 -29,300

Florida.............................................. 8,039,400 7,784,200 -255,200

Georgia............................................ 4,159,700 4,041,300 -118,400

Hawaii.............................................. 626,000 612,600 -13,400

Idaho................................................ 657,300 628,800 -28,500

Illinois............................................... 5,986,500 5,885,800 -100,700

Indiana............................................. 2,994,900 2,883,000 -111,900

Kentucky.......................................... 1,880,000 1,843,200 -36,800

Maine............................................... 619,800 608,100 -11,700

Michigan........................................... 4,227,600 4,054,600 -173,000

Minnesota........................................ 2,776,300 2,720,400 -55,900

Mississippi........................................ 1,154,600 1,128,400 -26,200

Nevada............................................. 1,293,300 1,261,100 -32,200

New York......................................... 8,781,100 8,661,200 -119,900

North Carolina.................................. 4,187,700 4,067,500 -120,200

Ohio................................................. 5,418,700 5,329,700 -89,000

Oregon............................................. 1,740,600 1,695,200 -45,400

Pennsylvania.................................... 5,808,300 5,732,100 -76,200

Rhode Island.................................... 490,800 468,800 -22,000

South Carolina................................. 1,958,100 1,903,900 -54,200

Tennessee....................................... 2,806,800 2,742,700 -64,100

Texas............................................... 10,475,100 10,628,800 153,700

Utah................................................. 1,264,800 1,237,700 -27,100

Vermont........................................... 308,500 302,700 -5,800

Washington...................................... 2,958,300 2,920,200 -38,100

Wisconsin........................................ 2,882,100 2,819,500 -62,600

p

 = preliminary.

State
Technical Note 

This release presents labor force and unemployment 

data for census regions and divisions, states, and selected 

substate areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics 

(LAUS) program (tables 1 to 4). Also presented are nonfarm 

payroll employment estimates by state and major industry 

sector from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 5 and 6). The LAUS and CES programs are 

both federal-state cooperative endeavors. 

Labor force and unemployment—from the LAUS 

program 

Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data 

are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used 

for the official national estimates obtained from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that 

is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the 

U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program measures 

employment and unemployment on a place-of-residence 

basis. The universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional 

population 16 years of age and over. Employed persons are 

those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the 

reference week (the week including the 12th of the month) or 

worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or 

farm, plus those not working who had a job from which they 

were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such 

reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation. 

Unemployed persons are those who were not employed 

during the reference week (based on the definition above), 

had actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period 

ending with the reference week, and were currently available 

for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The labor 

force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. The 

unemployment rate is the number of unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. 

Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 of the 50 

states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long 

Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, New York City, and 

the balances of California and New York State are produced 

using estimating equations based on regression techniques. 

This method, which underwent substantial enhancement at 

the beginning of 2005, utilizes data from several sources, 

including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state of California 

are derived by summing the estimates for the Los AngelesLong Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the balance 

of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are 

derived by summing the estimates for New York City and the 

balance of New York State. Estimates for all nine census 

divisions and the five additional substate areas contained in 

this release (the Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor and DetroitWarren-Livonia metropolitan areas and the ChicagoNaperville-Joliet, Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, and SeattleBellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) and their respective 

balances of state are based on a similar regression approach 

that does not incorporate CES or UI data. Estimates for 

census regions are obtained by summing the model-based 

estimates for the component divisions and then calculating 

the unemployment rate. Each month, census division 

estimates are controlled to national totals; state estimates are 

then controlled to their respective division totals. Substate 

and balance-of-state estimates for the five areas noted above 

are controlled to their respective state totals. Estimates for 

Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey 

similar to the CPS. A detailed description of the estimation 

procedures is available from BLS upon request. 

Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data 

for prior years reflect adjustments made at the end of each 

year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data 

from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other data 

sources, and model reestimation. In most years, historical 

data for the most recent five years (both seasonally adjusted 

and not seasonally adjusted) are revised near the beginning of 

each calendar year, prior to or coincident with the release of 

January estimates. 

Seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment of modeled 

estimates of employment and unemployment levels is 

performed within the modeling procedure. Series are 

decomposed into trend, seasonal, and irregular components 

and survey error. This directly yields seasonally adjusted 

estimates for employment and unemployment levels with 

reliability measures. Labor force levels and unemployment 

rates are calculated from these two estimates. 

Area definitions. The substate area data published in 

this release reflect the standards and definitions established 

by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on November 

20, 2007. A detailed list of the geographic definitions is available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm.

Employment—from the CES program 

Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on 

establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the 

pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are 

counted at their place of work rather than at their place of 

residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are 

counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis 

of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version 

of the North American Industry Classification System. 

Method of estimation. The employment data are 

estimated using a “link relative” technique in which a ratio 

(link relative) of current-month employment to that of the 

previous month is computed from a sample of establishments 

reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for 

the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates 

for the previous month by these ratios. Small-domain models 
are used as the official estimators for the approximately 39 

percent of CES published series which have insufficient 

sample for direct sample-based estimates. 

Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted 

annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, 

derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by 

employers who are covered under state unemployment 

insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to 

adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and 

the preceding one and also to establish the level of 

employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the 

benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, 

and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month 

changes in the level for the subsequent months. 

Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are 

seasonally adjusted at the statewide supersector level. In 

some states, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total 

is computed by aggregating the independently adjusted supersector series. In other states, the seasonally adjusted payroll 

employment total is independently adjusted. Revisions of 

historical data for the most recent 5 years are made once a 

year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments. 

Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation 

procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each 

individual state. BLS independently develops a national 

employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to 

national totals. Because each state series is subject to larger 

sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, 

summing them cumulates individual state level errors and can 

cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to 

these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a “sum-ofstates” employment series, and cautions users that such a 

series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error 

structure. 

Reliability of the estimates 

The estimates presented in this release are based on 

sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, 

are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling 

error is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation 

that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire 

population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to 

nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced 

into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates 

not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to 

additional errors resulting from the specific estimation 

processes used. The sums of individual items may not 

always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of 

rounding. Unemployment rates are computed from 

unrounded data and thus may differ slightly from rates 

computed using the rounded data displayed in the tables. 

Use of error measures. In 2005, the LAUS program 

introduced several improvements to its methodology. Among 

these was the development of model-based error measures for 

the monthly estimates and the estimates of over-the-month 

changes. The introductory section of this release preserves 

the long-time practice of highlighting the direction of the 

movements in regional and state unemployment rates and 

state nonfarm payroll employment regardless of their 

statistical significance. The remainder of the analysis in the 

release takes statistical significance into consideration. 

Labor force and unemployment estimates. Modelbased error measures for both seasonally adjusted and not 

seasonally adjusted data and for over-the-month changes are 

available online at http://www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. BLS 

uses a 90-percent confidence level in determining whether 

changes in LAUS unemployment rates are statistically 

significant. The average magnitude of the current year overthe-month change in a state unemployment rate that is 

required in order to be statistically significant at the 90-

percent confidence level is between 0.3 and 0.4 percentage 

point. More details can be found on the Web site. Measures 

of nonsampling error are not available, but additional 

information on the subject is provided in Employment and 

Earnings Online at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ee/home.htm. 

Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error 

for state CES data at the total nonfarm and supersector level 

and for metropolitan area CES data at the total nonfarm level 

are available online at http://www.bls.gov/sae/790stderr.htm. 

BLS uses a 90-percent confidence level in determining 

whether changes in CES employment levels are statistically 

significant. Information on recent benchmark revisions for 

states is available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/sae/. 

Additional information 

More complete information on the technical procedures 

used to develop these estimates and additional data appear in 

Employment and Earnings Online. 

Estimates of labor force and unemployment from the 

LAUS program, as well as nonfarm employment from the 

CES program, for over 300 metropolitan areas and 

metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs) 

are available in the news release, Metropolitan Area 

Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of labor force, 

employment, and unemployment for all states, metropolitan 

areas, labor market areas, counties, cities with a population of 

25,000 or more, and other areas used in the administration of 

various federal economic assistance programs are available 

on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data 

from the CES program are available on the Internet at 

http://www.bls.gov/sae/. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-

8339. 
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census region and division, seasonally adjusted 1

(Numbers in thousands)

Census region and

division

Civilian labor force

Unemployed

Number Percent of labor force

Dec.

2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008

Northeast ........................... 27,992.1 28,364.2 28,262.5 28,322.0 1,274.8 1,648.8 1,732.7 1,968.7 4.6 5.8 6.1 7.0

 New England .................... 7,659.8 7,712.4 7,704.5 7,690.7 339.7 453.1 476.9 531.5 4.4 5.9 6.2 6.9

 Middle Atlantic .................. 20,332.4 20,651.8 20,558.0 20,631.3 935.1 1,195.7 1,255.8 1,437.1 4.6 5.8 6.1 7.0

South ................................. 54,760.1 55,371.2 55,260.7 55,273.7 2,487.6 3,404.1 3,553.7 3,880.5 4.5 6.1 6.4 7.0

 South Atlantic ................... 29,425.3 29,759.3 29,670.9 29,672.9 1,308.2 1,913.0 2,029.5 2,232.8 4.4 6.4 6.8 7.5

 East South Central ........... 8,633.5 8,579.7 8,536.7 8,552.8 439.1 565.8 575.1 646.5 5.1 6.6 6.7 7.6

 West South Central .......... 16,701.3 17,032.3 17,053.1 17,047.9 740.3 925.3 949.1 1,001.2 4.4 5.4 5.6 5.9

Midwest ............................. 34,933.7 34,867.8 34,835.3 34,797.2 1,845.5 2,319.1 2,402.1 2,603.1 5.3 6.7 6.9 7.5

 East North Central ............ 24,012.1 23,899.9 23,866.3 23,840.8 1,362.6 1,740.4 1,798.3 1,955.2 5.7 7.3 7.5 8.2

 West North Central ........... 10,921.5 10,967.9 10,969.0 10,956.4 483.0 578.7 603.8 647.9 4.4 5.3 5.5 5.9

West ................................... 35,804.7 36,303.1 36,303.8 36,425.1 1,830.7 2,565.9 2,649.8 2,928.3 5.1 7.1 7.3 8.0

 Mountain ........................... 11,059.6 11,222.7 11,215.2 11,247.3 446.3 618.4 642.7 707.8 4.0 5.5 5.7 6.3

 Pacific ............................... 24,745.1 25,080.4 25,088.6 25,177.8 1,384.4 1,947.5 2,007.1 2,220.5 5.6 7.8 8.0 8.8

1 Census region estimates are derived by summing the Census

division model-based estimates.

 NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. The States (including the

District of Columbia) that compose the various census divisions are: New

England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode

Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and

Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,

Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and

Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and

Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and

Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,

Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,

Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming;

and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

Estimates for the current year are subject to revision early in the following

calendar year.

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census region and division, not seasonally adjusted 1

(Numbers in thousands)

Census region and

division

Civilian labor force

Unemployed

Number Percent of labor force

November December November December November December

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008

Northeast ........................... 27,998.5 28,234.0 27,933.3 28,227.8 1,168.0 1,659.0 1,232.1 1,873.1 4.2 5.9 4.4 6.6

 New England .................... 7,664.0 7,694.5 7,633.7 7,654.5 312.5 452.6 325.3 502.5 4.1 5.9 4.3 6.6

 Middle Atlantic .................. 20,334.5 20,539.5 20,299.5 20,573.3 855.5 1,206.3 906.8 1,370.6 4.2 5.9 4.5 6.7

South ................................. 54,776.8 55,250.3 54,660.1 55,100.1 2,318.1 3,471.0 2,440.5 3,735.1 4.2 6.3 4.5 6.8

 South Atlantic ................... 29,399.2 29,620.4 29,336.4 29,540.8 1,225.4 1,996.3 1,287.8 2,160.0 4.2 6.7 4.4 7.3

 East South Central ........... 8,653.0 8,559.3 8,647.2 8,557.9 401.8 556.3 432.6 624.8 4.6 6.5 5.0 7.3

 West South Central .......... 16,724.6 17,070.5 16,676.5 17,001.4 691.0 918.4 720.1 950.4 4.1 5.4 4.3 5.6

Midwest ............................. 34,964.9 34,821.7 34,837.3 34,653.4 1,683.9 2,279.4 1,841.2 2,526.5 4.8 6.5 5.3 7.3

 East North Central ............ 24,053.0 23,868.4 23,965.2 23,757.1 1,252.9 1,709.6 1,357.0 1,895.0 5.2 7.2 5.7 8.0

 West North Central ........... 10,911.9 10,953.3 10,872.1 10,896.3 431.0 569.8 484.1 631.6 3.9 5.2 4.5 5.8

West ................................... 35,806.4 36,317.6 35,782.8 36,367.2 1,725.2 2,605.6 1,834.3 2,864.0 4.8 7.2 5.1 7.9

 Mountain ........................... 11,060.2 11,222.6 11,044.5 11,225.1 410.5 625.4 443.6 688.2 3.7 5.6 4.0 6.1

 Pacific ............................... 24,746.2 25,094.9 24,738.3 25,142.1 1,314.7 1,980.2 1,390.7 2,175.8 5.3 7.9 5.6 8.7

1 Census region estimates are derived by summing the Census

division model-based estimates.

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. The composition of the regions

and divisions is described in table 1. Estimates for the current year are

subject to revision early in the following calendar year.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

State and area

Civilian labor force

Unemployed

Number Percent of labor force

Dec.

2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p

Dec.

2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p Dec.

2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p

Alabama ................................................... 2,194.0 2,172.0 2,162.2 2,153.7 82.2 120.5 130.6 144.1 3.7 5.5 6.0 6.7

Alaska ....................................................... 353.6 360.5 360.3 362.0 22.3 26.1 25.9 27.3 6.3 7.2 7.2 7.5

Arizona ..................................................... 3,060.2 3,149.7 3,145.1 3,165.7 127.8 191.6 199.0 219.8 4.2 6.1 6.3 6.9

Arkansas ................................................... 1,372.3 1,385.4 1,378.7 1,370.3 74.9 74.6 78.5 84.4 5.5 5.4 5.7 6.2

California .................................................. 18,319.6 18,581.8 18,583.5 18,648.5 1,079.4 1,530.3 1,566.5 1,731.8 5.9 8.2 8.4 9.3

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale 1 ... 4,963.1 4,963.9 4,978.8 4,960.1 266.5 413.5 441.0 491.5 5.4 8.3 8.9 9.9

Colorado ................................................... 2,738.7 2,753.3 2,748.4 2,750.1 109.0 155.9 159.8 167.6 4.0 5.7 5.8 6.1

Connecticut ............................................... 1,882.2 1,910.7 1,903.5 1,894.7 90.7 125.0 126.4 134.2 4.8 6.5 6.6 7.1

Delaware .................................................. 445.3 447.7 445.3 445.3 15.8 23.9 25.1 27.7 3.5 5.3 5.6 6.2

District of Columbia .................................. 328.3 329.6 328.5 329.3 18.7 24.2 26.2 29.0 5.7 7.3 8.0 8.8

Florida ....................................................... 9,240.7 9,365.6 9,318.2 9,313.0 415.5 658.7 687.9 751.8 4.5 7.0 7.4 8.1

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall 1 .............. 1,198.1 1,208.8 1,199.0 1,202.4 45.1 70.8 69.9 84.1 3.8 5.9 5.8 7.0

Georgia ..................................................... 4,855.9 4,894.4 4,886.7 4,878.4 220.5 338.6 360.6 393.2 4.5 6.9 7.4 8.1

Hawaii ....................................................... 648.5 665.3 660.7 661.7 19.9 30.4 33.0 36.4 3.1 4.6 5.0 5.5

Idaho ......................................................... 757.0 759.6 760.8 759.7 20.2 40.2 43.4 49.0 2.7 5.3 5.7 6.4

Illinois ........................................................ 6,742.5 6,642.4 6,645.1 6,640.4 360.1 481.9 485.1 505.3 5.3 7.3 7.3 7.6

Chicago-Naperville-Joliet 1 ................... 4,136.8 4,070.9 4,074.0 4,077.5 202.2 281.0 272.8 295.8 4.9 6.9 6.7 7.3

Indiana ...................................................... 3,207.6 3,246.5 3,238.4 3,230.8 143.3 207.8 230.6 266.5 4.5 6.4 7.1 8.2

Iowa .......................................................... 1,666.7 1,682.6 1,679.0 1,671.9 63.9 73.9 71.7 77.1 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.6

Kansas ...................................................... 1,484.2 1,501.7 1,503.8 1,506.6 61.7 73.4 73.5 78.6 4.2 4.9 4.9 5.2

Kentucky ................................................... 2,043.7 2,045.1 2,038.3 2,049.4 107.7 138.9 142.2 159.8 5.3 6.8 7.0 7.8

Louisiana .................................................. 2,017.0 2,062.0 2,050.1 2,061.1 79.9 114.5 108.6 121.9 4.0 5.6 5.3 5.9

Maine ........................................................ 706.5 710.9 711.9 710.7 34.6 40.3 44.9 50.0 4.9 5.7 6.3 7.0

Maryland ................................................... 2,991.5 3,000.8 2,994.4 2,995.6 106.9 148.4 157.4 174.7 3.6 4.9 5.3 5.8

Massachusetts .......................................... 3,402.8 3,423.0 3,421.2 3,418.1 146.1 186.9 202.8 235.4 4.3 5.5 5.9 6.9

Michigan ................................................... 4,988.8 4,930.3 4,915.3 4,894.3 371.6 456.8 472.2 519.3 7.4 9.3 9.6 10.6

Detroit-Warren-Livonia 2 ....................... 2,126.5 2,118.4 2,098.9 2,090.0 172.7 191.3 209.0 232.5 8.1 9.0 10.0 11.1

Minnesota ................................................. 2,933.8 2,942.1 2,945.4 2,951.8 137.4 174.5 188.3 202.8 4.7 5.9 6.4 6.9

Mississippi ................................................ 1,325.6 1,316.8 1,311.0 1,310.9 83.1 94.5 94.4 104.4 6.3 7.2 7.2 8.0

Missouri .................................................... 3,036.9 3,028.2 3,018.6 3,012.3 159.7 196.7 204.1 219.7 5.3 6.5 6.8 7.3

Montana .................................................... 503.0 507.0 505.7 505.7 16.1 24.4 25.0 27.2 3.2 4.8 4.9 5.4

Nebraska .................................................. 985.3 999.2 999.3 997.6 27.4 36.5 36.8 40.0 2.8 3.7 3.7 4.0

Nevada ..................................................... 1,359.7 1,416.9 1,417.9 1,426.8 70.7 108.6 114.2 130.5 5.2 7.7 8.1 9.1

New Hampshire ........................................ 740.6 744.4 742.4 739.5 25.3 30.5 31.8 33.8 3.4 4.1 4.3 4.6

New Jersey ............................................... 4,463.8 4,552.7 4,519.6 4,550.6 188.0 273.9 275.7 324.9 4.2 6.0 6.1 7.1

New Mexico .............................................. 945.2 961.6 960.9 966.1 30.6 41.7 41.7 47.8 3.2 4.3 4.3 4.9

New York .................................................. 9,542.2 9,660.2 9,619.1 9,635.3 442.2 548.3 581.8 671.5 4.6 5.7 6.0 7.0

New York City ...................................... 3,868.5 3,918.5 3,911.1 3,923.1 198.2 222.0 245.9 291.8 5.1 5.7 6.3 7.4

North Carolina .......................................... 4,531.9 4,588.5 4,564.8 4,563.1 211.7 323.5 358.3 396.8 4.7 7.1 7.8 8.7

North Dakota ............................................ 367.8 372.1 371.5 371.5 11.8 12.7 12.2 12.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.5

Ohio .......................................................... 5,988.4 5,989.2 5,969.5 5,971.6 347.3 435.0 435.2 464.8 5.8 7.3 7.3 7.8

Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor 2 .................... 1,094.3 1,080.7 1,073.8 1,073.5 66.0 75.8 78.7 79.0 6.0 7.0 7.3 7.4

Oklahoma ................................................. 1,732.4 1,769.8 1,771.0 1,768.9 71.5 76.8 82.9 87.0 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.9

Oregon ...................................................... 1,937.5 1,970.9 1,976.1 1,990.9 105.0 142.6 158.4 178.9 5.4 7.2 8.0 9.0

Pennsylvania ............................................ 6,290.1 6,447.0 6,419.4 6,442.2 278.6 372.3 395.4 433.7 4.4 5.8 6.2 6.7

Rhode Island ............................................ 576.7 570.5 570.6 566.2 30.2 52.9 53.1 56.8 5.2 9.3 9.3 10.0

South Carolina .......................................... 2,150.2 2,169.8 2,170.3 2,184.6 133.4 171.4 181.6 207.2 6.2 7.9 8.4 9.5

South Dakota ............................................ 443.1 447.0 446.1 445.9 12.7 14.5 15.1 17.2 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.9

Tennessee ................................................ 3,055.0 3,045.9 3,028.4 3,042.3 151.3 211.8 211.4 241.2 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.9

Texas ........................................................ 11,557.6 11,815.2 11,851.0 11,853.8 488.0 656.7 676.0 711.8 4.2 5.6 5.7 6.0

Utah .......................................................... 1,384.2 1,384.0 1,383.3 1,383.0 39.6 48.6 51.4 60.1 2.9 3.5 3.7 4.3

Vermont .................................................... 352.9 356.3 356.9 356.9 13.6 18.6 20.2 22.7 3.9 5.2 5.7 6.4

Virginia ...................................................... 4,087.6 4,150.7 4,152.2 4,159.5 131.6 183.4 198.2 222.7 3.2 4.4 4.8 5.4

Washington ............................................... 3,443.6 3,515.6 3,517.3 3,534.2 157.3 221.0 222.5 251.7 4.6 6.3 6.3 7.1

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett 1 .................... 1,454.0 1,479.3 1,472.6 1,477.5 51.7 79.1 78.9 91.4 3.6 5.3 5.4 6.2

West Virginia ............................................ 810.3 810.1 805.2 800.0 37.3 37.4 36.7 39.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.9

Wisconsin ................................................. 3,090.5 3,089.0 3,093.9 3,094.3 149.8 159.0 174.4 191.4 4.8 5.1 5.6 6.2

Wyoming ................................................... 290.1 293.8 293.5 293.9 8.9 9.7 9.3 10.0 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4

Puerto Rico ............................................... 1,364.9 1,364.0 1,374.2 1,377.1 153.3 164.1 171.4 185.9 11.2 12.0 12.5 13.5

p = preliminary. 1 Metropolitan division. 2 Metropolitan statistical area.

 NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from

a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area

definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 08-01,

dated November 20, 2007, and are available at http://www.bls.gov/

lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the

following month.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

State and area

Civilian labor force

Unemployed

Number Percent of labor force

November December November December November December

2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p

Alabama ................................................... 2,206.6 2,171.7 2,204.2 2,158.6 77.3 127.1 83.5 138.9 3.5 5.9 3.8 6.4

Alaska ....................................................... 351.8 357.3 351.8 358.8 21.2 25.0 23.6 27.7 6.0 7.0 6.7 7.7

Arizona ..................................................... 3,070.2 3,150.4 3,067.4 3,163.4 122.6 193.8 131.9 210.8 4.0 6.2 4.3 6.7

Arkansas ................................................... 1,368.2 1,372.3 1,364.8 1,358.1 68.3 71.4 76.8 81.9 5.0 5.2 5.6 6.0

California .................................................. 18,342.2 18,579.1 18,352.6 18,612.8 1,021.2 1,546.5 1,080.3 1,688.0 5.6 8.3 5.9 9.1

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale 1 ... 4,994.5 4,994.2 4,987.8 4,965.0 252.5 433.1 260.3 473.5 5.1 8.7 5.2 9.5

Colorado ................................................... 2,744.9 2,749.1 2,740.7 2,743.1 107.6 155.8 116.9 163.1 3.9 5.7 4.3 5.9

Connecticut ............................................... 1,882.1 1,901.3 1,871.8 1,882.8 86.1 121.9 84.4 123.9 4.6 6.4 4.5 6.6

Delaware .................................................. 446.0 445.8 445.2 445.4 13.6 23.1 15.2 26.3 3.0 5.2 3.4 5.9

District of Columbia .................................. 327.1 328.3 325.8 327.4 18.6 27.4 18.9 29.1 5.7 8.4 5.8 8.9

Florida ....................................................... 9,224.1 9,310.6 9,215.0 9,280.9 398.0 685.2 412.6 723.6 4.3 7.4 4.5 7.8

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall 1 .............. 1,201.2 1,201.2 1,199.3 1,205.6 44.0 67.0 47.1 83.9 3.7 5.6 3.9 7.0

Georgia ..................................................... 4,857.8 4,889.8 4,871.3 4,887.9 205.5 349.8 223.3 381.6 4.2 7.2 4.6 7.8

Hawaii ....................................................... 650.0 660.4 649.1 659.8 19.1 33.6 18.0 33.6 2.9 5.1 2.8 5.1

Idaho ......................................................... 757.4 759.2 755.5 756.8 19.3 42.0 22.3 48.9 2.6 5.5 2.9 6.5

Illinois ........................................................ 6,748.4 6,642.3 6,731.0 6,621.1 324.6 458.5 355.6 488.8 4.8 6.9 5.3 7.4

Chicago-Naperville-Joliet 1 ................... 4,142.5 4,068.9 4,131.4 4,062.4 191.9 257.5 203.5 282.6 4.6 6.3 4.9 7.0

Indiana ...................................................... 3,213.1 3,237.0 3,190.0 3,209.7 134.2 222.5 142.2 261.3 4.2 6.9 4.5 8.1

Iowa .......................................................... 1,669.5 1,681.4 1,666.3 1,668.5 58.6 67.4 70.5 80.3 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.8

Kansas ...................................................... 1,484.3 1,506.2 1,480.1 1,500.4 56.7 72.3 59.9 73.1 3.8 4.8 4.0 4.9

Kentucky ................................................... 2,049.0 2,041.2 2,048.3 2,047.0 96.9 134.4 110.5 154.0 4.7 6.6 5.4 7.5

Louisiana .................................................. 2,020.0 2,054.7 2,005.1 2,045.8 69.7 102.3 76.2 113.2 3.4 5.0 3.8 5.5

Maine ........................................................ 702.9 707.7 701.4 705.0 32.7 44.1 35.1 49.3 4.7 6.2 5.0 7.0

Maryland ................................................... 2,988.2 2,986.5 2,973.9 2,977.5 101.2 153.4 103.1 165.3 3.4 5.1 3.5 5.6

Massachusetts .......................................... 3,406.9 3,417.5 3,393.5 3,407.9 131.0 188.4 138.7 222.0 3.8 5.5 4.1 6.5

Michigan ................................................... 5,005.0 4,920.8 4,988.5 4,890.5 341.9 448.9 370.0 510.4 6.8 9.1 7.4 10.4

Detroit-Warren-Livonia 2 ....................... 2,132.5 2,100.2 2,127.4 2,085.7 161.2 198.8 170.8 221.0 7.6 9.5 8.0 10.6

Minnesota ................................................. 2,933.5 2,945.4 2,924.2 2,937.7 118.1 176.7 143.6 200.7 4.0 6.0 4.9 6.8

Mississippi ................................................ 1,326.3 1,309.3 1,333.3 1,312.4 76.0 86.8 84.2 99.5 5.7 6.6 6.3 7.6

Missouri .................................................... 3,030.3 3,010.5 3,022.8 2,993.1 147.7 194.2 158.5 209.9 4.9 6.5 5.2 7.0

Montana .................................................... 501.2 502.8 498.5 500.0 16.1 24.7 18.1 27.4 3.2 4.9 3.6 5.5

Nebraska .................................................. 989.1 998.7 978.6 990.4 29.1 34.5 26.4 37.8 2.9 3.5 2.7 3.8

Nevada ..................................................... 1,358.6 1,417.0 1,361.4 1,421.6 69.3 112.0 76.0 128.1 5.1 7.9 5.6 9.0

New Hampshire ........................................ 739.7 740.4 736.7 735.7 23.3 30.1 24.2 31.5 3.1 4.1 3.3 4.3

New Jersey ............................................... 4,472.2 4,512.9 4,466.3 4,541.2 175.1 261.0 183.5 308.1 3.9 5.8 4.1 6.8

New Mexico .............................................. 951.5 964.7 946.5 966.2 30.2 39.6 28.9 43.5 3.2 4.1 3.1 4.5

New York .................................................. 9,544.1 9,597.6 9,536.7 9,603.7 422.0 565.7 449.7 652.3 4.4 5.9 4.7 6.8

New York City ...................................... 3,873.5 3,909.6 3,872.0 3,914.8 193.1 242.7 199.8 282.3 5.0 6.2 5.2 7.2

North Carolina .......................................... 4,538.0 4,561.2 4,508.2 4,532.5 207.7 355.8 211.9 383.5 4.6 7.8 4.7 8.5

North Dakota ............................................ 362.1 366.0 361.6 364.9 9.3 10.3 12.0 12.4 2.6 2.8 3.3 3.4

Ohio .......................................................... 5,997.7 5,977.8 5,975.1 5,954.2 318.4 416.5 347.2 454.8 5.3 7.0 5.8 7.6

Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor 2 .................... 1,094.3 1,070.7 1,081.2 1,058.7 60.4 73.1 65.1 74.7 5.5 6.8 6.0 7.1

Oklahoma ................................................. 1,746.1 1,778.3 1,731.6 1,764.2 71.5 80.0 73.7 84.7 4.1 4.5 4.3 4.8

Oregon ...................................................... 1,947.2 1,980.6 1,933.4 1,980.0 98.2 154.6 104.9 174.8 5.0 7.8 5.4 8.8

Pennsylvania ............................................ 6,318.3 6,429.0 6,296.5 6,428.4 258.4 379.6 273.7 410.3 4.1 5.9 4.3 6.4

Rhode Island ............................................ 580.4 571.6 578.1 566.8 27.1 48.8 29.9 54.6 4.7 8.5 5.2 9.6

South Carolina .......................................... 2,136.3 2,157.5 2,132.4 2,164.1 124.3 177.7 136.2 202.3 5.8 8.2 6.4 9.3

South Dakota ............................................ 443.2 445.1 438.5 441.2 11.7 14.3 13.4 17.4 2.6 3.2 3.1 3.9

Tennessee ................................................ 3,071.0 3,037.1 3,061.5 3,039.9 151.5 208.1 154.3 232.4 4.9 6.9 5.0 7.6

Texas ........................................................ 11,590.2 11,865.3 11,575.1 11,833.3 481.5 664.7 493.4 670.6 4.2 5.6 4.3 5.7

Utah .......................................................... 1,386.7 1,386.3 1,385.5 1,381.7 36.8 48.5 39.3 55.9 2.7 3.5 2.8 4.0

Vermont .................................................... 351.9 355.9 352.3 356.3 12.3 19.4 13.0 21.2 3.5 5.4 3.7 6.0

Virginia ...................................................... 4,072.4 4,137.0 4,059.2 4,131.2 122.9 190.8 130.8 213.4 3.0 4.6 3.2 5.2

Washington ............................................... 3,455.0 3,517.4 3,451.4 3,530.8 154.9 220.5 164.1 251.7 4.5 6.3 4.8 7.1

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett 1 .................... 1,455.5 1,469.1 1,458.7 1,478.1 53.9 81.1 54.5 89.7 3.7 5.5 3.7 6.1

West Virginia ............................................ 809.2 803.7 805.2 793.9 33.4 33.1 35.8 35.0 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.4

Wisconsin ................................................. 3,088.7 3,090.4 3,080.5 3,081.8 133.9 163.3 142.1 179.6 4.3 5.3 4.6 5.8

Wyoming ................................................... 289.7 293.1 289.0 292.3 8.6 8.9 10.2 10.4 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5

Puerto Rico ............................................... 1,365.8 1,371.0 1,359.0 1,370.7 149.5 169.8 142.9 179.6 10.9 12.4 10.5 13.1

p = preliminary. 1 Metropolitan division. 2 Metropolitan statistical area.

 NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from

a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area

definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 08-01,

dated November 20, 2007, and are available at http://www.bls.gov/

lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the

following month.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 5. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

State 

Total1 Construction Manufacturing

Dec.

2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p Dec.2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p Dec.2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p

Alabama ............................... 2,018.0 2,008.6 1,990.2 1,976.3 113.9 111.8 110.0 109.2 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( )

Alaska ................................... 317.4 318.8 321.7 320.2 17.3 17.1 17.0 17.2 13.8 13.0 13.8 13.1

Arizona ................................. 2,659.3 2,591.2 2,560.6 2,543.9 210.8 180.1 172.4 167.2 180.2 177.1 176.5 175.9

Arkansas ............................... 1,206.4 1,205.3 1,195.4 1,187.7 55.6 55.6 55.0 54.2 185.9 181.2 177.9 175.9

California .............................. 15,171.0 15,065.3 14,991.8 14,913.6 856.0 799.4 780.0 763.4 1,452.1 1,425.9 1,414.9 1,405.4

Colorado ............................... 2,347.9 2,358.6 2,345.7 2,332.4 165.1 162.0 157.3 157.4 145.5 142.6 141.4 140.0

Connecticut ........................... 1,706.5 1,698.5 1,688.7 1,677.2 68.5 67.2 65.0 63.1 190.7 188.3 186.2 185.7

Delaware 3 ........................... 439.4 436.9 432.5 431.8 28.2 25.9 25.5 25.0 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( )

District of Columbia 3 ........... 701.5 707.8 702.0 702.1 12.8 13.0 13.0 13.1 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( )

Florida .................................. 8,039.4 7,881.8 7,805.6 7,784.2 565.6 499.7 485.9 477.4 381.4 361.1 356.1 353.3

Georgia ................................ 4,159.7 4,094.4 4,064.0 4,041.3 217.5 200.4 200.9 195.6 425.0 403.7 394.3 391.0

Hawaii 3 ................................ 626.0 620.3 620.3 612.6 40.0 38.0 37.5 36.7 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( )

Idaho .................................... 657.3 646.1 638.7 628.8 51.5 46.3 46.0 43.7 65.3 61.3 59.0 57.6

Illinois .................................... 5,986.5 5,959.4 5,921.8 5,885.8 267.7 254.4 247.1 233.7 673.0 668.2 660.0 654.8

Indiana .................................. 2,994.9 2,963.4 2,918.3 2,883.0 151.0 149.7 140.9 132.1 546.5 520.4 510.5 500.6

Iowa ...................................... 1,521.0 1,524.9 1,521.1 1,513.3 72.9 73.0 72.6 69.1 230.4 225.7 225.7 223.4

Kansas .................................. 1,384.6 1,391.9 1,392.2 1,385.5 65.6 65.1 64.8 63.5 186.5 185.4 185.1 181.8

Kentucky ............................... 1,880.0 1,865.0 1,859.0 1,843.2 86.6 81.6 81.5 76.0 250.7 240.4 239.2 234.8

Louisiana .............................. 1,940.8 1,945.9 1,945.3 1,949.0 135.4 139.1 140.3 140.6 159.3 154.6 153.9 153.6

Maine .................................... 619.8 614.2 611.5 608.1 31.0 28.9 28.6 27.8 58.3 58.4 57.8 57.1

Maryland 3 ............................ 2,625.4 2,634.9 2,620.1 2,610.3 190.4 185.7 182.6 179.8 131.2 126.2 125.5 125.5

Massachusetts ...................... 3,288.0 3,283.2 3,260.9 3,244.1 137.1 131.7 127.9 125.4 293.6 289.3 286.0 285.0

Michigan ............................... 4,227.6 4,152.2 4,113.6 4,054.6 161.4 148.2 142.4 136.3 601.2 565.7 564.8 552.4

Minnesota ............................. 2,776.3 2,756.0 2,732.2 2,720.4 117.6 111.5 107.1 106.0 339.0 328.6 326.4 323.5

Mississippi ............................ 1,154.6 1,138.9 1,136.2 1,128.4 58.4 57.8 58.1 57.8 167.7 160.5 159.9 157.3

Missouri ............................... 2,801.2 2,790.4 2,776.3 2,774.7 147.3 145.8 145.9 145.4 295.8 286.6 282.9 280.1

Montana ................................ 447.0 446.6 444.5 443.2 32.4 30.3 29.5 29.7 20.3 20.4 20.3 20.2

Nebraska 3 ........................... 971.3 976.6 971.1 970.3 52.1 51.8 51.8 51.6 102.2 100.3 99.6 98.7

Nevada ................................. 1,293.3 1,279.3 1,269.3 1,261.1 128.8 115.2 112.0 109.3 50.5 49.7 49.3 48.7

New Hampshire .................... 654.7 656.3 653.1 647.2 28.5 27.5 27.8 26.1 77.8 76.6 75.8 74.7

New Jersey ........................... 4,082.6 4,054.4 4,034.8 4,019.6 170.1 166.2 163.9 160.9 309.7 297.7 295.7 293.8

New Mexico .......................... 846.5 846.1 843.4 839.8 58.7 57.4 57.4 57.6 36.6 34.2 33.8 33.3

New York .............................. 8,781.1 8,760.2 8,715.2 8,661.2 352.9 350.0 342.9 336.7 545.2 531.5 529.5 525.0

North Carolina ...................... 4,187.7 4,150.9 4,102.4 4,067.5 256.8 252.4 246.0 238.9 535.5 511.3 501.3 495.7

North Dakota ........................ 360.1 363.5 363.5 362.1 19.7 19.9 19.8 19.6 26.0 25.8 26.0 25.1

Ohio ...................................... 5,418.7 5,394.4 5,363.1 5,329.7 224.6 216.5 214.4 205.5 767.5 752.9 741.0 725.2

Oklahoma ............................. 1,574.6 1,587.9 1,589.8 1,589.8 72.9 75.5 75.8 75.8 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( )

Oregon ................................. 1,740.6 1,713.3 1,704.9 1,695.2 100.7 91.4 89.9 87.8 204.3 188.1 189.1 187.2

Pennsylvania ........................ 5,808.3 5,786.4 5,759.2 5,732.1 264.3 256.2 252.1 251.2 650.2 632.2 626.9 619.4

Rhode Island ........................ 490.8 475.8 471.8 468.8 21.7 20.3 19.9 19.2 49.6 47.0 46.5 45.8

South Carolina ...................... 1,958.1 1,930.7 1,918.9 1,903.9 127.0 109.8 107.4 105.9 249.0 240.1 238.6 236.2

South Dakota3 ...................... 408.4 413.3 412.5 411.8 23.3 23.9 23.2 22.2 42.2 43.0 42.9 42.8

Tennessee3 .......................... 2,806.8 2,775.6 2,760.6 2,742.7 139.2 137.7 138.0 133.7 376.6 366.6 360.0 356.5

Texas .................................... 10,475.1 10,665.8 10,654.5 10,628.8 654.7 668.1 667.2 663.9 933.8 925.0 923.4 915.4

Utah ...................................... 1,264.8 1,251.7 1,246.3 1,237.7 105.7 87.3 87.0 82.4 128.8 126.2 124.9 123.4

Vermont ................................ 308.5 307.1 305.1 302.7 16.7 15.8 14.9 14.5 35.7 35.0 34.8 34.1

Virginia .................................. 3,774.7 3,777.2 3,764.8 3,743.9 240.4 229.8 228.2 226.0 274.8 273.6 270.9 269.4

Washington ........................... 2,958.3 2,931.0 2,941.5 2,920.2 207.6 194.4 190.3 187.4 296.3 271.7 292.2 288.6

West Virginia ........................ 758.1 757.7 757.4 755.3 37.6 37.8 37.9 35.2 58.6 56.5 56.2 56.4

Wisconsin ............................. 2,882.1 2,853.1 2,841.5 2,819.5 124.5 119.5 118.9 115.9 497.3 481.1 475.8 470.9

Wyoming ............................... 292.5 299.6 299.6 299.0 27.2 27.2 27.6 26.8 10.3 9.9 10.0 10.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 5. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted—Continued

(In thousands)

State 

Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services

Dec.

2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p Dec.2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p Dec.2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p

Alabama ............................... 399.6 396.8 394.6 391.0 100.7 100.7 99.5 99.5 222.9 225.1 221.8 218.3

Alaska ................................... 64.0 63.8 64.9 64.6 14.8 14.6 14.7 14.6 24.8 25.5 25.4 25.3

Arizona ................................. 523.4 505.1 496.8 493.5 179.5 176.2 173.1 172.4 400.0 387.7 377.1 372.1

Arkansas ............................... 249.5 248.9 245.4 242.5 53.9 53.6 53.7 53.2 118.6 118.7 116.4 117.6

California .............................. 2,908.3 2,869.7 2,841.3 2,815.9 887.1 863.1 860.3 857.0 2,276.4 2,268.1 2,260.5 2,252.0

Colorado ............................... 433.5 432.7 429.5 425.8 158.5 155.0 153.6 153.9 352.4 349.2 348.2 341.1

Connecticut ........................... 313.1 309.4 305.7 301.2 143.2 142.0 141.7 141.5 206.5 204.2 202.8 201.3

Delaware 3 ........................... 83.2 83.3 81.3 81.6 45.7 45.5 45.3 45.2 60.3 58.6 57.6 57.2

District of Columbia 3 ........... 27.3 28.0 27.6 27.4 29.0 28.4 28.5 28.3 156.3 157.3 156.3 154.8

Florida .................................. 1,616.6 1,573.2 1,558.2 1,535.5 541.1 527.5 522.4 522.7 1,334.5 1,286.1 1,270.9 1,280.8

Georgia ................................ 893.9 881.6 877.6 870.2 227.8 227.1 226.3 226.0 563.7 549.2 536.5 535.0

Hawaii 3 ................................ 121.1 117.3 116.8 115.7 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( )

Idaho .................................... 132.4 128.2 126.9 126.1 31.8 31.9 31.8 30.7 83.6 80.9 80.0 77.1

Illinois .................................... 1,212.4 1,212.7 1,205.1 1,196.5 403.2 394.2 393.5 393.4 871.5 877.0 866.5 861.9

Indiana .................................. 590.1 584.3 573.0 566.8 138.2 139.0 138.9 135.9 289.8 286.2 277.5 276.5

Iowa ...................................... 308.6 311.5 311.9 312.3 103.1 103.4 103.4 103.5 121.4 119.7 116.6 112.1

Kansas .................................. 263.6 262.7 263.1 265.2 73.9 73.8 73.7 73.8 146.6 147.9 147.4 143.8

Kentucky ............................... 389.9 390.6 388.9 385.9 94.4 92.8 92.6 92.1 182.6 177.5 177.2 173.0

Louisiana .............................. 385.8 385.8 385.1 385.9 97.1 98.1 97.9 98.0 202.4 202.7 202.7 203.7

Maine .................................... 127.3 124.0 122.9 121.8 33.0 32.4 32.2 31.9 54.2 55.7 55.4 54.8

Maryland 3 ............................ 476.6 476.0 471.4 467.4 157.1 154.8 153.7 153.7 401.9 406.7 402.3 400.1

Massachusetts ...................... 571.4 565.3 560.7 557.3 224.5 221.6 218.4 217.5 484.2 489.3 485.5 478.0

Michigan ............................... 783.7 770.8 763.3 753.8 209.4 204.1 203.4 201.3 569.3 563.4 552.6 537.3

Minnesota ............................. 531.6 526.1 522.0 516.7 178.5 182.0 180.6 180.0 329.5 321.2 316.7 315.1

Mississippi ............................ 227.5 225.2 225.7 224.7 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 96.0 95.8 95.4 91.4

Missouri ............................... 549.2 549.4 542.7 543.1 166.9 163.9 162.5 162.2 339.0 338.3 337.4 337.4

Montana ................................ 93.3 93.1 92.2 91.6 21.9 21.6 22.0 21.9 41.4 40.4 39.5 39.9

Nebraska 3 ........................... 206.0 204.9 205.4 206.2 69.2 70.9 70.3 70.0 106.1 108.7 105.3 105.3

Nevada ................................. 235.5 235.9 234.3 234.1 64.0 61.4 61.1 60.5 155.6 153.5 153.2 150.3

New Hampshire .................... 142.6 143.3 141.5 141.1 38.6 39.0 38.7 38.7 66.6 68.3 68.6 65.8

New Jersey ........................... 879.9 870.1 866.3 861.8 270.2 263.5 262.9 262.7 612.8 616.0 610.5 605.5

New Mexico .......................... 144.8 145.5 143.7 142.6 35.6 34.6 34.2 34.0 107.9 106.4 106.1 105.7

New York .............................. 1,529.0 1,520.1 1,508.3 1,496.0 732.3 718.2 712.9 712.5 1,145.1 1,132.5 1,126.3 1,113.3

North Carolina ...................... 783.6 773.6 761.9 753.6 210.9 210.7 208.7 209.0 510.3 496.8 481.9 470.5

North Dakota ........................ 76.3 78.2 78.0 77.5 20.1 19.9 19.9 19.8 29.9 30.2 30.1 30.1

Ohio ...................................... 1,050.4 1,043.1 1,035.3 1,034.2 299.7 298.8 299.1 299.0 666.2 664.5 655.7 647.9

Oklahoma ............................. 288.8 289.6 287.9 288.0 84.4 84.1 84.0 84.1 182.4 183.6 183.6 184.1

Oregon ................................. 342.0 336.6 332.1 330.2 105.5 102.5 103.3 103.2 198.3 194.6 192.5 192.1

Pennsylvania ........................ 1,132.5 1,117.0 1,110.1 1,104.6 331.0 328.2 327.6 326.4 711.6 714.3 707.6 696.7

Rhode Island ........................ 79.5 76.3 74.7 73.5 34.5 33.2 33.0 32.6 55.6 53.2 52.6 51.9

South Carolina ...................... 380.1 372.0 369.8 366.2 107.7 107.9 107.3 107.6 226.1 220.9 219.0 212.2

South Dakota3 ...................... 82.4 82.2 82.9 83.1 30.9 31.4 31.3 31.2 28.1 27.7 27.4 27.4

Tennessee3 .......................... 613.4 605.4 599.3 596.3 143.3 141.0 140.4 139.5 325.9 316.8 315.8 310.7

Texas .................................... 2,124.1 2,151.6 2,144.7 2,136.6 649.6 654.4 655.0 653.2 1,321.3 1,370.2 1,368.1 1,365.4

Utah ...................................... 250.1 250.3 247.6 244.2 74.4 72.9 72.0 73.3 162.7 162.8 161.5 161.8

Vermont ................................ 59.3 58.7 58.8 57.6 13.2 13.0 13.0 12.9 22.2 22.4 22.3 22.2

Virginia .................................. 670.0 663.2 657.3 654.9 192.7 190.5 189.8 189.8 649.5 653.1 652.0 644.4

Washington ........................... 557.3 551.3 546.1 543.8 154.4 151.0 150.6 150.1 349.5 351.1 347.5 338.8

West Virginia ........................ 143.5 140.4 140.2 140.5 29.7 29.2 29.0 29.2 60.4 60.8 60.8 60.8

Wisconsin ............................. 547.6 538.9 536.6 533.4 162.9 163.2 163.4 162.1 279.0 272.5 268.9 264.7

Wyoming ............................... 56.2 56.4 56.6 57.1 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.8 18.5 19.2 19.0 19.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 5. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted—Continued

(In thousands)

State 

Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government

Dec.

2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p Dec.2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p Dec.2007

Oct.

2008

Nov.

2008

Dec.

2008p

Alabama ............................... 210.8 209.9 207.4 207.2 174.4 174.7 172.2 169.4 378.0 381.7 381.1 381.4

Alaska ................................... 36.7 37.4 37.5 37.3 31.8 30.9 31.6 31.5 81.5 82.6 82.8 82.5

Arizona ................................. 309.6 317.5 317.5 318.7 275.1 267.8 266.8 265.4 429.9 433.7 434.4 433.8

Arkansas ............................... 155.7 159.1 158.1 159.7 100.1 100.5 100.5 98.1 211.7 211.5 212.0 211.2

California .............................. 1,686.6 1,730.3 1,735.9 1,738.2 1,561.9 1,559.8 1,550.1 1,543.3 2,523.4 2,534.3 2,530.9 2,529.4

Colorado ............................... 243.8 252.4 253.1 252.7 273.6 276.5 274.5 272.3 378.8 387.5 388.3 388.7

Connecticut ........................... 290.8 293.8 295.1 295.2 138.0 138.1 138.1 136.2 251.2 252.1 251.6 251.4

Delaware 3 ........................... 59.1 60.6 60.9 61.3 40.3 40.4 40.0 39.5 61.5 62.0 61.8 61.5

District of Columbia 3 ........... 99.7 103.2 101.1 102.3 55.3 55.5 54.9 55.4 233.9 233.7 233.0 233.4

Florida .................................. 1,019.5 1,054.0 1,061.9 1,061.9 932.0 936.7 912.8 918.4 1,137.0 1,141.1 1,136.1 1,133.0

Georgia ................................ 463.8 472.8 473.1 474.1 398.9 393.6 390.8 388.4 680.4 677.8 676.9 675.7

Hawaii 3 ................................ 72.9 74.3 74.3 74.2 109.4 106.0 104.7 104.8 122.9 126.2 130.5 125.6

Idaho .................................... 74.2 76.0 75.8 75.9 64.0 62.9 62.0 60.2 119.5 123.1 122.8 123.2

Illinois .................................... 784.7 790.1 791.7 790.7 530.2 528.0 523.5 521.9 852.4 850.5 851.6 852.3

Indiana .................................. 403.3 404.4 403.0 404.2 282.1 283.4 280.0 277.5 433.8 436.5 436.2 432.6

Iowa ...................................... 203.4 205.7 206.2 206.9 137.3 140.1 138.7 139.9 251.0 252.6 253.1 253.4

Kansas .................................. 171.8 173.3 173.6 173.0 115.8 115.3 115.5 115.9 258.8 266.0 266.6 266.3

Kentucky ............................... 241.5 241.0 241.2 242.0 175.1 173.2 171.3 171.8 329.9 338.2 338.7 339.9

Louisiana .............................. 250.5 253.8 253.9 255.0 198.3 198.6 198.5 199.0 364.9 365.1 365.3 366.2

Maine .................................... 116.7 117.6 118.2 118.5 60.6 59.3 59.1 58.8 104.7 104.6 104.2 104.6

Maryland 3 ............................ 379.0 386.5 387.5 388.3 237.4 241.8 241.6 239.5 481.3 484.6 484.5 485.5

Massachusetts ...................... 628.1 638.9 638.1 637.4 303.0 300.1 297.8 296.9 435.5 437.1 437.3 437.8

Michigan ............................... 600.0 610.7 610.6 606.3 402.9 404.2 396.5 395.3 650.5 641.1 637.9 635.9

Minnesota ............................. 434.7 442.0 441.8 445.8 248.7 248.0 241.1 239.7 416.9 419.1 419.7 416.8

Mississippi ............................ 126.9 128.8 128.4 127.9 126.9 121.9 120.8 120.4 244.1 241.5 241.4 242.6

Missouri ............................... 387.0 393.8 395.1 397.1 281.8 278.3 277.2 277.0 443.5 447.4 446.3 446.3

Montana ................................ 59.7 60.7 60.1 60.1 58.7 59.8 60.2 61.2 86.1 86.6 87.3 85.9

Nebraska 3 ........................... 133.7 137.0 136.0 135.6 83.4 84.8 84.8 84.8 164.8 164.4 163.8 163.9

Nevada ................................. 94.2 96.7 96.7 96.8 341.4 338.5 335.2 334.4 158.9 163.7 163.5 163.2

New Hampshire .................... 105.3 107.3 107.8 107.0 64.5 63.8 61.8 61.8 95.2 94.4 95.6 97.1

New Jersey ........................... 585.9 592.9 592.9 591.0 340.8 336.0 334.5 335.8 648.8 646.7 646.2 645.6

New Mexico .......................... 112.5 116.3 116.6 116.6 88.5 86.8 86.3 85.7 196.4 198.4 198.8 197.5

New York .............................. 1,625.4 1,643.7 1,643.5 1,634.4 703.3 706.1 699.1 698.8 1,509.6 1,517.0 1,515.0 1,510.3

North Carolina ...................... 522.8 539.5 539.9 540.9 400.0 402.4 399.4 397.9 703.6 706.6 709.0 706.2

North Dakota ........................ 51.4 51.7 51.8 51.8 33.3 33.2 33.3 33.6 75.4 75.9 76.0 76.0

Ohio ...................................... 795.5 804.0 804.7 805.6 497.1 499.8 500.4 501.6 798.1 797.2 797.3 796.3

Oklahoma ............................. 195.4 195.7 197.8 197.4 140.4 142.1 143.2 143.1 319.9 320.4 321.8 322.3

Oregon ................................. 214.9 225.5 224.5 225.7 176.5 173.1 171.1 168.4 292.9 298.6 299.4 297.8

Pennsylvania ........................ 1,084.9 1,102.8 1,105.2 1,106.8 502.2 503.2 499.1 499.3 744.5 748.6 746.8 746.0

Rhode Island ........................ 99.7 100.4 100.3 100.9 51.4 50.5 50.0 50.0 64.5 62.1 62.1 62.4

South Carolina ...................... 204.7 207.4 208.4 208.9 217.5 218.6 212.5 211.9 339.8 347.3 348.6 349.2

South Dakota3 ...................... 60.4 62.8 62.8 63.0 42.8 43.4 43.4 43.2 75.3 76.2 76.1 76.3

Tennessee3 .......................... 355.0 359.1 360.2 361.4 278.2 271.0 270.9 270.6 422.6 425.4 423.7 422.7

Texas .................................... 1,273.8 1,301.1 1,304.9 1,303.8 995.7 1,026.3 1,023.7 1,027.5 1,729.2 1,761.5 1,764.5 1,763.9

Utah ...................................... 142.8 147.7 149.5 150.0 113.4 113.9 113.2 111.8 207.4 211.1 212.0 211.7

Vermont ................................ 57.7 58.1 58.2 58.1 33.2 33.3 33.0 33.5 53.9 54.0 53.9 53.8

Virginia .................................. 420.9 429.7 429.8 429.5 351.3 346.4 345.6 342.8 688.3 701.7 702.1 700.0

Washington ........................... 352.7 357.1 356.8 357.5 286.5 287.9 288.9 287.2 536.9 546.4 548.3 546.1

West Virginia ........................ 115.2 116.0 116.2 116.3 71.6 72.4 72.5 72.3 145.4 146.0 146.2 146.4

Wisconsin ............................. 400.8 406.7 406.9 406.7 259.2 258.6 256.7 254.6 418.7 423.4 425.0 422.2

Wyoming ............................... 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2( ) 34.2 35.0 34.7 34.6 67.5 70.3 69.9 69.7

1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, and other services, except

public administration, not shown separately. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal

component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot

be separated with sufficient precision. 3 Natural resources and mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently projected

from 2007 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. Data reflect

the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification

System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/sae/saenaics07.htm. for more

details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 6. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

State 

Total Natural resources and mining Construction Manufacturing

November December November December November December November December

2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p

Alabama ................... 2,023.2 1,997.6 2,025.1 1,983.2 12.8 12.9 12.8 12.9 114.2 110.3 113.7 109.0 295.0 280.6 295.0 277.9

Alaska ....................... 307.3 311.1 303.5 306.5 14.4 15.4 14.2 15.4 16.4 16.1 15.1 15.0 9.0 9.0 6.8 6.5

Arizona ..................... 2,692.8 2,589.4 2,693.5 2,577.0 12.1 12.0 12.2 11.3 215.1 173.6 211.6 167.8 180.0 176.5 180.6 176.3

Arkansas ................... 1,211.9 1,202.1 1,212.1 1,193.3 10.2 10.7 10.1 10.7 55.3 54.7 54.8 53.4 185.8 177.7 186.0 176.0

California .................. 15,266.6 15,097.8 15,290.5 15,030.7 26.2 27.5 25.6 26.7 866.4 784.8 849.7 757.1 1,450.9 1,412.1 1,447.0 1,400.3

Colorado ................... 2,353.0 2,351.3 2,367.4 2,351.2 26.0 29.4 26.2 29.5 167.7 158.4 161.9 154.0 145.8 141.6 146.1 140.6

Connecticut ............... 1,722.0 1,706.8 1,729.3 1,699.5 .8 .8 .7 .7 70.5 66.5 68.2 62.8 191.1 186.5 191.4 186.3

Delaware ................. 442.3 436.3 443.3 435.7 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 28.3 25.9 28.3 25.1 34.5 32.6 34.4 32.4

District of Columbia .. 702.5 706.1 704.6 705.4 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 12.8 13.1 12.6 12.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

Florida ....................... 8,074.4 7,854.4 8,124.4 7,873.7 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4 569.7 486.4 566.2 477.9 380.9 356.1 381.9 353.8

Georgia ..................... 4,186.0 4,091.2 4,189.8 4,068.0 11.8 11.3 11.9 11.0 219.2 201.1 219.6 194.9 425.1 393.8 424.5 390.5

Hawaii ...................... 629.6 626.1 635.2 621.6 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 39.9 37.7 40.2 36.8 15.1 15.0 15.2 14.9

Idaho ........................ 662.6 642.8 658.0 629.6 4.6 4.3 4.6 3.9 52.5 46.7 50.4 42.7 65.5 59.0 65.4 57.7

Illinois ........................ 6,042.1 5,979.7 6,033.1 5,931.2 9.9 9.9 9.7 9.9 278.8 256.3 266.4 232.4 673.4 661.4 675.4 657.1

Indiana ...................... 3,030.6 2,951.6 3,020.8 2,908.5 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.1 154.0 143.4 148.3 129.3 546.9 510.7 546.9 500.9

Iowa .......................... 1,536.9 1,538.3 1,534.2 1,526.9 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 75.4 75.0 71.1 67.3 230.3 225.7 230.4 223.5

Kansas ...................... 1,399.6 1,407.7 1,396.8 1,397.6 9.2 9.6 9.2 9.6 66.5 65.2 63.8 61.7 186.8 185.7 186.8 182.1

Kentucky ................... 1,893.7 1,874.6 1,893.9 1,856.9 22.2 23.6 22.2 23.5 88.0 83.1 86.7 76.1 254.7 240.8 252.0 236.1

Louisiana .................. 1,948.7 1,955.0 1,949.5 1,958.0 51.4 51.9 51.6 51.7 136.5 140.8 136.0 141.1 160.0 154.9 160.2 154.5

Maine ........................ 625.0 617.5 624.2 612.4 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.6 31.4 29.2 30.3 27.1 59.5 58.7 59.2 58.0

Maryland ................... 2,638.9 2,641.6 2,645.4 2,630.4 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 191.4 185.0 190.5 180.0 131.6 125.7 131.5 125.8

Massachusetts .......... 3,314.7 3,291.7 3,315.8 3,273.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 140.8 131.2 136.7 125.0 293.8 286.1 293.8 285.2

Michigan ................... 4,285.9 4,170.2 4,276.4 4,101.4 7.5 7.2 7.2 6.9 168.0 148.5 158.7 133.7 606.0 568.2 609.1 559.4

Minnesota ................. 2,799.8 2,756.2 2,787.5 2,732.1 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.5 121.6 110.4 112.4 101.2 339.2 326.8 337.7 322.2

Mississippi ................ 1,162.2 1,143.9 1,161.3 1,135.0 9.7 10.0 9.7 9.9 58.5 58.4 58.1 57.5 168.3 160.0 168.1 157.7

Missouri ................... 2,822.9 2,795.4 2,815.3 2,788.3 6.2 5.1 6.1 5.0 149.1 146.9 144.2 142.2 297.8 284.0 297.3 281.6

Montana .................... 447.8 447.0 447.6 443.8 8.5 8.2 8.5 8.1 33.5 30.4 31.6 28.9 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.4

Nebraska .................. 975.1 977.8 976.0 974.7 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 51.8 52.2 50.7 50.2 102.1 99.8 102.4 98.9

Nevada ..................... 1,299.5 1,277.1 1,301.0 1,268.9 12.2 12.0 12.3 11.9 130.5 112.5 128.3 108.9 50.6 49.4 50.6 48.8

New Hampshire ........ 656.7 656.9 660.5 653.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 .9 29.1 28.4 28.4 26.0 78.2 76.1 78.3 75.2

New Jersey ............... 4,108.5 4,066.9 4,121.2 4,057.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 174.4 167.5 171.4 162.1 311.4 297.1 311.0 295.1

New Mexico .............. 850.3 847.9 851.1 844.3 19.5 20.6 19.5 20.6 58.7 57.4 58.0 56.9 36.4 33.7 36.3 33.0

New York .................. 8,874.0 8,819.5 8,899.9 8,778.5 6.5 6.6 6.1 5.9 361.1 353.1 351.7 335.4 550.3 532.3 546.7 526.4

North Carolina .......... 4,208.2 4,133.3 4,210.9 4,090.2 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 256.7 246.8 256.4 238.5 536.0 501.3 535.9 496.1

North Dakota ............ 364.1 368.3 363.1 365.0 5.2 5.8 5.2 5.7 19.6 20.1 18.2 18.1 26.0 26.1 25.9 25.0

Ohio .......................... 5,473.1 5,418.8 5,471.3 5,381.6 12.0 12.3 11.8 12.2 230.6 220.4 223.3 204.1 770.1 742.8 771.2 728.7

Oklahoma ................. 1,586.0 1,602.4 1,584.3 1,599.7 48.9 54.1 48.6 53.8 72.7 75.5 72.1 75.0 150.0 150.8 150.1 150.4

Oregon ...................... 1,755.6 1,721.6 1,748.7 1,703.6 9.2 8.2 9.0 7.6 102.4 90.6 99.0 86.1 203.9 189.0 202.5 185.4

Pennsylvania ............ 5,859.7 5,816.5 5,856.0 5,779.4 21.5 22.3 21.0 21.8 268.5 257.1 258.8 245.8 652.5 627.7 651.6 620.8

Rhode Island ............ 496.1 478.1 495.2 473.1 .3 .2 .3 .2 22.1 20.5 21.7 19.2 50.3 47.1 50.2 46.3

South Carolina .......... 1,972.4 1,928.9 1,961.0 1,906.9 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.2 129.7 107.3 126.9 105.9 248.3 238.2 248.9 236.1

South Dakota ............ 409.0 413.1 407.0 410.2 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 23.7 23.4 22.1 20.9 42.3 42.9 42.1 42.7

Tennessee ................ 2,823.7 2,780.3 2,829.4 2,764.9 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 138.6 137.4 138.0 132.4 376.4 359.6 375.7 355.6

Texas ........................ 10,511.5 10,715.7 10,538.0 10,692.7 211.1 226.1 214.0 221.9 651.8 666.3 649.3 658.5 936.1 925.4 936.1 917.8

Utah .......................... 1,271.6 1,257.2 1,278.7 1,251.3 11.3 12.2 11.3 12.1 105.7 87.9 104.6 81.3 128.7 125.0 129.1 123.6

Vermont .................... 310.5 307.4 314.8 308.9 .9 .9 .8 .8 17.1 15.3 16.3 14.1 35.9 34.9 36.1 34.5

Virginia ...................... 3,791.5 3,792.3 3,797.5 3,766.4 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 240.7 229.3 239.3 224.9 275.9 271.7 275.2 269.8

Washington ............... 2,975.0 2,965.7 2,970.1 2,931.6 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.0 208.8 191.3 203.4 183.2 296.5 292.8 295.4 287.8

West Virginia ............ 765.9 764.9 763.5 760.8 28.9 31.4 28.9 31.4 39.5 39.1 37.0 34.6 58.6 56.2 58.4 56.2

Wisconsin ................. 2,904.4 2,867.0 2,896.0 2,833.4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.1 128.3 122.5 120.3 111.6 497.2 474.8 496.0 469.5

Wyoming ................... 289.3 297.6 289.9 296.3 27.3 29.4 27.5 29.5 27.5 27.9 26.1 25.7 10.4 10.2 10.5 10.3

Puerto Rico ............... 1,026.0 995.4 1,036.3 1,003.1 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 66.0 65.4 65.4 64.8 105.1 99.8 104.7 98.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 6. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted—Continued

(In thousands)

State 

Trade, transportation, and utilities Information Financial activities Professional and business services

November December November December November December November December

2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p

Alabama ................... 403.8 399.6 407.9 399.3 28.6 28.4 28.8 28.4 100.6 99.7 101.0 99.8 222.8 222.4 222.7 218.2

Alaska ....................... 62.2 63.2 62.0 62.4 6.9 7.0 6.9 7.0 14.6 14.5 14.7 14.5 24.2 24.7 24.1 24.6

Arizona ..................... 535.0 506.6 538.2 508.2 42.8 39.6 42.8 39.4 180.3 173.4 180.7 173.6 403.1 379.4 403.4 375.3

Arkansas ................... 252.6 248.7 254.4 247.3 19.9 20.1 20.0 20.1 53.6 53.5 54.1 53.4 118.4 116.7 117.9 116.9

California .................. 2,970.0 2,900.1 3,001.2 2,904.9 471.2 476.5 475.0 468.8 889.0 860.3 888.4 858.2 2,286.3 2,272.5 2,291.2 2,266.9

Colorado ................... 441.4 438.0 447.1 439.2 77.2 76.4 76.8 76.8 158.2 153.1 159.4 154.6 350.7 347.3 351.5 340.0

Connecticut ............... 319.4 312.3 325.8 313.3 39.1 38.5 39.3 38.1 143.4 141.8 143.4 141.7 207.1 203.8 208.0 202.8

Delaware ................. 85.7 83.5 86.0 84.4 6.9 7.1 6.8 7.1 45.6 45.3 45.8 45.3 60.4 57.9 61.1 58.0

District of Columbia .. 27.8 28.1 28.2 28.3 21.3 20.9 21.4 20.9 28.8 28.4 29.0 28.3 155.5 156.0 156.2 154.7

Florida ....................... 1,637.7 1,580.3 1,666.7 1,585.1 161.2 152.8 160.7 152.6 539.7 521.8 541.2 522.9 1,333.4 1,275.8 1,341.3 1,288.0

Georgia ..................... 907.4 892.7 915.1 891.0 115.2 115.8 115.5 115.6 229.1 226.7 228.4 226.5 566.8 540.3 566.3 537.6

Hawaii ...................... 122.8 118.5 124.7 119.3 10.7 10.3 10.7 9.7 30.0 29.4 30.2 29.3 76.7 75.2 77.8 75.2

Idaho ........................ 135.3 129.5 135.1 128.7 10.9 11.4 10.9 11.4 32.6 31.8 31.9 30.8 83.7 80.2 82.5 76.0

Illinois ........................ 1,235.0 1,228.5 1,250.1 1,233.6 116.4 114.3 116.8 114.2 403.9 394.4 405.2 395.3 880.0 876.1 873.0 863.1

Indiana ...................... 602.0 582.7 604.1 580.4 41.1 40.6 41.0 40.9 138.1 138.8 138.4 136.1 294.7 281.5 290.1 276.8

Iowa .......................... 313.4 317.2 315.8 319.7 33.2 32.6 33.0 32.7 102.7 103.1 103.4 103.8 122.1 117.3 121.7 112.4

Kansas ...................... 268.4 267.7 269.3 271.0 40.5 40.7 40.8 41.0 74.3 73.8 74.3 74.1 146.4 148.0 147.1 144.3

Kentucky ................... 395.3 396.0 399.0 395.1 30.4 29.5 30.5 29.3 93.8 92.2 94.4 92.1 184.9 180.6 186.8 177.3

Louisiana .................. 389.6 388.7 391.3 391.4 26.2 26.5 26.6 26.6 97.0 97.7 96.9 97.8 202.3 202.7 202.5 203.7

Maine ........................ 132.0 127.5 133.1 127.4 11.2 10.8 11.3 10.8 33.0 32.1 33.1 32.0 54.2 55.5 53.9 54.5

Maryland ................... 486.1 482.4 493.4 483.9 51.4 50.8 51.6 50.8 156.2 153.2 156.8 153.4 401.2 403.2 401.6 399.8

Massachusetts .......... 581.6 571.3 590.1 575.3 89.7 89.7 90.2 90.1 223.1 217.1 224.4 217.5 487.7 489.4 486.4 480.2

Michigan ................... 800.8 779.4 806.5 775.9 65.2 61.7 65.4 61.4 208.5 202.4 209.0 200.9 576.0 560.1 573.6 541.5

Minnesota ................. 542.2 532.2 544.7 529.4 58.2 56.8 58.3 56.9 178.0 180.1 179.0 180.6 331.6 319.6 329.9 315.5

Mississippi ................ 230.7 228.4 231.5 228.6 13.3 13.2 13.3 13.2 46.6 46.9 46.9 46.8 96.0 95.4 96.0 91.4

Missouri ................... 558.6 551.9 563.1 556.8 64.3 62.3 64.3 62.4 167.5 162.4 167.1 162.4 340.1 338.8 339.6 337.9

Montana .................... 94.0 93.2 94.9 93.2 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7 21.9 22.0 22.0 22.0 41.1 39.8 40.7 39.3

Nebraska .................. 208.9 208.5 210.5 210.7 19.2 19.0 19.3 19.0 68.9 70.2 69.3 70.1 106.2 105.8 106.6 105.7

Nevada ..................... 239.2 238.3 241.4 239.9 15.5 14.9 15.4 14.8 64.1 61.3 64.5 61.0 156.9 153.9 154.9 149.6

New Hampshire ........ 145.4 144.6 148.0 146.5 12.4 11.8 12.4 11.8 38.5 38.6 38.6 38.7 66.6 68.7 66.6 65.8

New Jersey ............... 894.1 882.9 908.2 889.3 98.6 97.9 99.1 97.9 270.6 262.5 270.5 263.0 615.3 614.7 614.5 607.2

New Mexico .............. 147.6 146.6 148.8 146.5 16.3 16.1 16.6 16.8 35.2 34.1 35.7 34.1 108.6 106.7 108.3 106.1

New York .................. 1,564.1 1,542.6 1,585.6 1,551.0 268.7 265.2 269.2 263.6 730.7 712.1 732.9 713.1 1,152.7 1,136.4 1,154.9 1,122.8

North Carolina .......... 793.9 775.0 801.3 770.8 72.8 72.4 73.0 72.5 210.4 208.5 210.7 208.8 510.7 484.5 510.1 470.5

North Dakota ............ 77.8 79.4 78.0 79.2 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.5 20.0 19.9 20.2 19.9 30.3 30.4 29.8 30.0

Ohio .......................... 1,073.5 1,059.2 1,086.1 1,069.6 87.2 85.9 87.5 85.7 299.4 299.1 300.2 299.5 671.5 662.3 669.4 651.3

Oklahoma ................. 294.1 293.4 295.8 295.0 28.8 28.6 29.1 28.6 84.2 84.2 84.5 84.2 182.4 183.2 181.2 182.9

Oregon ...................... 349.8 340.2 351.2 339.0 36.6 35.4 36.4 35.2 104.8 102.7 105.4 103.1 198.4 192.4 197.0 190.8

Pennsylvania ............ 1,157.2 1,134.8 1,170.4 1,141.4 107.2 104.7 107.6 103.9 330.8 326.7 331.2 326.7 712.2 711.0 712.7 697.8

Rhode Island ............ 81.5 76.8 82.2 76.2 10.7 10.7 10.8 10.6 34.4 33.0 34.5 32.6 56.3 53.3 56.0 52.2

South Carolina .......... 384.1 373.6 385.7 371.7 27.8 27.4 27.7 27.5 107.3 107.3 107.2 107.2 230.2 221.6 227.0 213.1

South Dakota ............ 82.9 83.7 83.5 84.2 7.2 6.9 7.2 7.0 30.6 31.1 30.9 31.2 27.7 27.4 27.8 27.1

Tennessee ................ 621.9 610.5 628.7 611.4 49.9 49.4 50.1 49.0 143.8 140.8 144.2 140.2 330.4 320.0 331.8 316.8

Texas ........................ 2,151.0 2,174.1 2,174.4 2,187.0 222.4 217.5 223.0 217.0 647.5 655.0 651.1 654.8 1,316.5 1,371.2 1,320.3 1,364.3

Utah .......................... 254.7 253.2 258.1 252.2 32.7 31.4 32.4 31.8 74.4 72.3 75.2 74.1 163.2 162.6 163.4 162.5

Vermont .................... 60.5 60.1 61.4 59.7 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.9 13.1 12.9 13.2 12.9 22.1 22.3 22.2 22.2

Virginia ...................... 682.9 672.4 691.3 676.0 90.2 89.2 89.9 89.3 192.3 189.7 192.9 190.0 646.6 653.0 650.4 645.4

Washington ............... 568.5 557.5 572.2 558.2 103.5 106.1 103.6 106.4 154.2 150.6 154.5 150.2 349.3 349.7 349.5 338.8

West Virginia ............ 145.8 143.0 146.6 143.6 11.6 11.2 11.5 11.2 29.8 29.1 29.7 29.2 61.2 61.4 61.2 61.6

Wisconsin ................. 560.3 550.2 564.0 549.4 50.6 50.3 50.7 50.3 162.0 162.9 163.2 162.4 278.7 270.1 278.1 263.9

Wyoming ................... 56.1 56.8 56.5 57.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 11.5 11.7 11.6 11.7 18.2 18.7 17.8 18.4

Puerto Rico ............... 184.5 171.4 191.4 177.3 22.3 21.2 22.3 21.2 48.6 46.2 48.4 45.9 105.0 100.2 104.3 100.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 6. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted—Continued

(In thousands)

State 

Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Other services Government

November December November December November December November December

2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p 2007 2008 2007 2008p

Alabama ................... 211.8 209.0 211.1 207.6 172.1 170.0 171.6 166.6 80.2 79.9 80.2 79.9 381.3 384.8 380.3 383.6

Alaska ....................... 36.5 37.3 36.7 37.3 28.4 28.2 28.5 28.2 11.4 11.6 11.4 11.5 83.3 84.1 83.1 84.1

Arizona ..................... 309.6 319.3 311.1 320.2 275.3 266.9 275.5 265.7 96.3 94.5 96.0 94.2 443.2 447.6 441.4 445.0

Arkansas ................... 156.8 159.3 156.8 160.8 97.9 98.7 97.3 95.3 45.1 45.5 45.2 44.4 216.3 216.5 215.5 215.0

California .................. 1,698.4 1,753.8 1,700.1 1,752.6 1,544.9 1,538.1 1,553.0 1,534.7 516.4 512.8 517.1 512.0 2,546.9 2,559.3 2,542.2 2,548.5

Colorado ................... 244.2 253.8 245.1 254.0 263.1 264.0 275.5 274.2 92.4 93.4 93.3 93.8 386.3 395.9 384.5 394.5

Connecticut ............... 294.4 300.2 294.8 299.1 134.0 134.5 135.2 133.7 64.3 62.9 64.7 63.0 257.9 259.0 257.8 258.0

Delaware ................. 59.0 61.1 59.2 61.4 39.2 39.0 38.8 38.1 20.7 21.2 20.5 21.5 62.0 62.7 62.4 62.4

District of Columbia .. 103.7 106.0 103.2 106.0 55.3 54.9 54.7 54.8 63.3 65.2 64.4 65.1 232.3 231.9 233.3 232.8

Florida ....................... 1,022.8 1,067.2 1,026.0 1,068.7 923.2 904.9 932.1 918.5 343.1 341.9 345.9 343.6 1,156.2 1,160.8 1,156.0 1,156.2

Georgia ..................... 466.0 475.9 465.3 475.5 396.3 387.9 394.9 384.3 161.4 160.4 160.9 158.4 687.7 685.3 687.4 682.7

Hawaii ...................... 73.4 74.8 73.6 74.9 108.9 104.6 109.7 105.1 27.0 27.5 26.9 27.5 125.1 133.1 126.2 128.9

Idaho ........................ 74.9 76.6 74.9 76.6 61.8 59.6 62.3 58.6 19.3 18.7 19.3 18.8 121.5 125.0 120.7 124.4

Illinois ........................ 790.4 798.4 790.5 796.5 524.5 518.2 521.0 512.8 263.3 257.7 264.8 256.4 866.5 864.5 860.2 859.9

Indiana ...................... 407.0 408.4 408.6 409.5 280.6 277.8 278.6 274.1 111.6 110.2 111.9 108.6 447.4 450.5 445.9 444.8

Iowa .......................... 208.2 211.1 208.1 211.8 133.7 135.7 133.4 135.9 57.9 58.1 58.0 58.1 257.8 260.3 257.3 259.7

Kansas ...................... 172.9 174.7 172.6 173.7 115.6 115.5 114.5 114.6 52.5 52.4 52.4 52.0 266.5 274.4 266.0 273.5

Kentucky ................... 242.2 242.0 241.8 242.1 173.2 169.0 171.6 168.0 76.4 75.2 76.5 74.9 332.6 342.6 332.4 342.4

Louisiana .................. 252.2 255.5 250.9 255.3 196.0 197.5 197.1 197.9 68.8 69.3 69.1 69.4 368.7 369.5 367.3 368.6

Maine ........................ 117.4 119.3 117.4 119.2 54.3 53.5 54.2 52.6 19.9 19.7 19.9 19.5 109.3 108.6 108.9 108.7

Maryland ................... 379.7 389.3 380.5 389.9 231.6 236.3 229.7 231.9 118.5 119.8 118.9 119.8 491.2 495.9 490.9 495.1

Massachusetts .......... 638.9 649.9 638.4 647.7 294.8 290.5 292.3 286.6 118.1 117.1 118.5 117.0 444.6 447.9 443.4 447.0

Michigan ................... 605.7 618.1 605.2 611.6 391.7 385.7 391.7 384.2 176.2 172.8 177.0 168.1 680.3 666.1 673.0 657.8

Minnesota ................. 439.4 446.0 436.4 447.4 242.4 234.6 241.8 233.3 116.1 114.7 116.6 115.3 425.1 429.1 424.9 424.8

Mississippi ................ 127.7 129.3 127.7 128.7 126.9 120.7 126.3 119.8 37.1 36.7 37.5 36.7 247.4 244.9 246.2 244.7

Missouri ................... 388.7 397.1 388.0 398.0 278.5 273.7 273.9 269.3 120.2 118.5 120.0 118.3 451.9 454.7 451.7 454.4

Montana .................... 60.3 60.9 60.4 60.8 55.4 56.7 56.2 58.6 17.0 17.7 17.2 17.2 87.9 89.9 87.8 87.6

Nebraska .................. 134.7 136.9 134.4 136.3 81.3 83.2 81.2 82.5 35.1 35.2 34.9 35.6 166.9 167.0 166.7 165.7

Nevada ..................... 94.1 96.9 94.5 97.1 337.5 333.5 339.6 332.7 36.8 37.0 36.7 37.1 162.1 167.4 162.8 167.1

New Hampshire ........ 105.2 108.2 105.5 107.2 60.1 57.7 61.0 58.5 22.0 22.5 22.1 22.2 98.1 99.2 98.5 100.5

New Jersey ............... 588.3 596.6 589.8 595.0 330.6 325.6 330.6 325.8 163.0 162.0 164.2 163.5 660.6 658.4 660.3 657.1

New Mexico .............. 113.8 118.1 113.7 117.8 86.4 84.2 86.7 83.9 29.0 29.3 28.7 28.7 198.8 201.1 198.8 199.9

New York .................. 1,649.9 1,674.1 1,654.2 1,663.5 693.2 690.2 694.1 689.7 367.2 370.4 369.2 371.0 1,529.6 1,536.5 1,535.3 1,536.1

North Carolina .......... 523.8 542.0 524.5 542.6 393.3 394.5 390.8 388.7 183.1 175.0 183.2 174.7 720.5 726.6 718.0 720.3

North Dakota ............ 51.2 51.7 51.4 51.8 32.7 33.0 32.8 33.1 15.4 15.5 15.5 15.6 78.3 78.9 78.6 79.1

Ohio .......................... 806.1 815.6 804.4 814.6 486.0 489.4 483.2 487.6 220.4 216.9 220.7 216.9 816.3 814.9 813.5 811.4

Oklahoma ................. 196.8 199.5 196.6 198.6 139.2 141.9 138.1 140.8 62.9 62.8 62.8 62.7 326.0 328.4 325.4 327.7

Oregon ...................... 217.8 228.3 218.1 229.1 173.2 168.7 173.2 165.5 59.6 59.1 59.3 59.3 299.9 307.0 297.6 302.5

Pennsylvania ............ 1,100.5 1,122.3 1,095.7 1,117.7 487.9 486.3 488.5 486.0 257.0 255.7 257.9 255.3 764.4 767.9 760.6 762.2

Rhode Island ............ 101.8 102.7 101.4 102.6 49.9 48.7 49.4 48.1 23.1 21.7 23.1 21.6 65.7 63.4 65.6 63.5

South Carolina .......... 204.0 209.4 205.3 209.5 216.8 208.9 208.2 202.6 73.8 75.0 73.0 73.2 345.9 355.9 346.5 355.9

South Dakota ............ 61.1 63.4 61.0 63.6 41.0 41.3 40.2 40.5 15.8 15.7 15.8 15.6 76.7 77.3 76.4 77.4

Tennessee ................ 355.8 361.9 356.3 362.6 274.7 267.9 273.2 265.6 102.1 102.6 102.4 102.2 430.1 430.2 429.0 429.1

Texas ........................ 1,278.6 1,312.3 1,279.2 1,309.4 981.3 1,012.7 982.4 1,014.4 353.2 356.2 353.8 358.1 1,762.0 1,798.9 1,754.4 1,789.5

Utah .......................... 144.6 151.7 145.2 152.3 110.1 110.3 113.6 111.9 35.4 35.1 35.8 35.2 210.8 215.5 210.0 214.3

Vermont .................... 57.7 58.6 58.3 58.7 30.6 29.8 33.7 34.0 9.8 9.7 9.9 9.3 56.8 57.0 56.9 56.8

Virginia ...................... 425.7 435.9 426.4 434.9 341.4 337.0 338.1 330.3 184.7 188.0 185.0 185.1 700.4 715.4 698.3 710.0

Washington ............... 355.5 360.6 354.5 359.4 279.6 283.0 281.9 282.6 104.8 106.0 105.0 105.8 546.3 560.0 542.1 551.2

West Virginia ............ 116.5 117.7 116.4 117.6 70.7 71.4 70.7 71.4 55.5 55.8 55.7 55.6 147.8 148.6 147.4 148.4

Wisconsin ................. 404.2 410.9 404.1 410.0 250.8 248.0 249.1 244.7 137.3 135.2 137.8 135.6 431.3 438.5 429.2 432.9

Wyoming ................... 23.8 24.9 23.7 24.3 30.3 31.1 31.8 32.2 11.6 12.0 11.7 12.0 68.6 70.9 68.7 70.9

Puerto Rico ............... 107.0 105.5 108.0 108.3 74.4 71.1 74.7 72.2 17.9 16.3 17.5 16.4 295.2 298.3 299.6 297.4

1 Natural resources and mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently projected

from 2007 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. Data reflect the

conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System

(NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. For more details, see http://www.bls.gov/sae/saenaics07.htm.
WASH.

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West

North Central Mountain

East

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Middle

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South

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East

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West

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(U.S. rate = 7.2 percent)

Chart 1. Unemployment rates by state, seasonally adjusted,December 2008

6.0% or higher5.0% - 5.9%4.0% - 4.9%3.0% - 3.9%2.9% or lower

HAWAII

ALASKA