For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 22, 2018 USDL-18-0453

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2017 

The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time 

since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—edged down to 4.5 percent in 

2017, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all veterans declined from 

4.3 percent to 3.7 percent in 2017. About 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-connected 

disability in August 2017, compared with 24 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of 

about 60,000 households that provides data on employment and unemployment in the United States. 

Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2017 

annual averages presented in this news release. In August 2017, a supplement to the CPS collected 

additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' 

current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information from the supplement is also 

presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For more 

information, see the Technical Note, which provides definitions of terms used in this release. 

Highlights from the 2017 data: 

• The unemployment rate for male veterans (3.6 percent) declined over the year, and the rate for 

female veterans (4.1 percent) changed little in 2017. The unemployment rate for male veterans 

was not statistically different from the rate for female veterans. (See table A.)

• Among the 370,000 unemployed veterans in 2017, 59 percent were age 25 to 54, 37 percent were 

age 55 and over, and 4 percent were age 18 to 24. (See table 2A.) 

• Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 4.3 percent in August 

2017, little different from veterans with no disability (4.5 percent). (See table 7.)

• About 1 in 3 employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public sector 

in August 2017, compared with about 1 in 5 veterans with no disability. (See table 8.) 

• In 2017, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 1.7 percent 

in Maine and Vermont to 7.3 percent in Rhode Island. (See table 6A.) 
- 2 - 

The Veteran Population

In 2017, 20.4 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 8 percent of the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 18 and over. About 10 percent of all veterans were women. In the 

survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the U.S. 

Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. Veterans are more likely to 

be men than were nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics of 

veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now 

over 60 years old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods accounted for 39 percent (8.1 

million) of the total veteran population in 2017. Thirty-six percent of veterans (7.4 million) served 

during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 forward). 

About a quarter (4.9 million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Gulf War-era II Veterans

In 2017, there were 4.1 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001 

forward). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 percent of veterans 

from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Seventy percent of all Gulf War-era II 

veterans were between the ages of 25 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men was not statistically different from the 

rate for women in 2017. The unemployment rate for men edged down to 4.3 percent in 2017. The rate 

for women, at 5.5 percent, was essentially unchanged from the prior year. (See table A.)

In 2017, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 4.3 percent, was the same as the 

rate for male nonveterans. Among men age 25 to 34, Gulf War-era II veterans had a higher 

unemployment rate (6.0 percent) than did nonveterans (4.5 percent). Among men age 45 to 54, however, 

Gulf War-era II veterans had a lower unemployment rate (1.5 percent) than did nonveterans (3.1 

percent). (See table 2B.)

Among women, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (5.5 percent) was higher than the 

rate for nonveterans (4.1 percent) in 2017. By age, unemployment rates for female veterans and 

nonveterans were similar, with one exception: 25- to 34-year-old female veterans had a rate of 8.0 

percent, higher than the rate of 4.5 percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2C.) 

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2017 as 

employed nonveterans—27 percent and 13 percent, respectively. Among the employed, 15 percent of 

Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans. 

(See table 5.)

In August 2017, 47 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both 

locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 4.4 percent, little different from Gulf War-era II 

veterans who served elsewhere (4.5 percent). (See table 10.) 

Gulf War-era I Veterans

Of the 3.3 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), the 

proportion who were women (15 percent in 2017) was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans (17 
- 3 - 

percent). Nearly all (99 percent) Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2017, compared with 

54 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

In 2017, the unemployment rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were 3.0 percent and 3.4 

percent, respectively, lower than the rates for their Gulf War-era II veteran counterparts (4.3 percent and 

5.5 percent). The difference in unemployment rates reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of 

veterans who served during Gulf War era I. Younger people—whether veterans or nonveterans—tend to 

have higher unemployment rates than older people. (See tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods

In 2017, 4.9 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly between 

the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. All veterans from 

this period of service were 45 years or older at the time of the survey. Twenty-two percent of these 

veterans were age 45 to 54 in 2017, another 39 percent were age 55 to 64, and another 39 percent were 

age 65 and over. (See table 2A.) 

In 2017, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of other service periods, 

the unemployment rate for men (3.2 percent) was little different than the rate for women (2.7 percent). 

(See table 1.) 

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2017, about 4.9 million veterans, or 24 percent of the total, had a service-connected disability. 

Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of 

Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments 

of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.)

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 4.3 percent in August 2017, 

little different than the rate for veterans with no disability (4.5 percent). The labor force participation 

rate for veterans with a service-connected disability (48.4 percent) was not statistically different than the 

rate for veterans with no disability (49.2 percent). 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 28 percent reported a disability rating of less than 

30 percent, while another 41 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2017, veterans with 

a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor 

force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (53.5 percent and 37.7 percent, respectively). The 

unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 3.3 percent, not 

statistically different than for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher (4.8 percent). 

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 41 percent (1.7 million) reported a serviceconnected disability and nearly half of these veterans had a service-connected disability rating of 60 

percent or higher. In August 2017, 75.8 percent of all Gulf War era II veterans with a service-connected 

disability were in the labor force, lower than the 85.5 percent for veterans from this period with no 

service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a 

service-connected disability was 3.9 percent, not statistically different from those with no disability 

(4.8 percent). 
- 4 - 

In August 2017, 28 percent (946,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a serviceconnected disability. Their labor force participation rate was lower (65.6 percent) than the rate for 

veterans from the era who did not have a disability (85.9 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf 

War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability (4.3 percent) was not statistically different than 

that for Gulf War-era I veterans without a service-connected disability (2.8 percent). 

Among the 1.7 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II, the Korean War, 

and the Vietnam era, 15.4 percent were in the labor force in August 2017, lower than the 23.1 percent of 

veterans from these periods who did not have a service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of 

veterans from these wartime periods with a service-connected disability was 3.9 percent, lower than 

their counterparts with no disability (7.9 percent). 

Thirteen percent (633,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2017. The labor force participation rate of these veterans (38.6 percent) 

was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability (48.3 percent), while the 

unemployment rate was not statistically different for veterans with a service-connected disability (6.7 

percent) and those with no disability (3.6 percent). 

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public 

sector. In August 2017, 33 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in federal, state, or 

local government, compared with 19 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent of 

nonveterans. Nineteen percent of employed veterans with a disability worked for the federal 

government, compared with 7 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. 

(See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2017, about one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 to present) were current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard. Labor force participation rates were higher for veterans who 

were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (82.4 percent), compared with veterans 

who were never members (79.4 percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who were current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard had a lower unemployment rate than those who had never 

been members (2.5 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively). (See table 9.) 

Adjustments to Veteran Population Estimates

Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls 

derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs population model. In accordance with 

usual practice, BLS did not revise estimates for previous years. Information about the updated 

veteran population model is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs at 

www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/Vetpop16_Overview.pdf. 
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,

period of service, and sex, 2016-2017 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service

2016 2017

Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 20,895 18,881 2,014 20,387 18,387 2,000

Civilian labor force.................................................. 10,581 9,334 1,247 10,125 8,934 1,191

Participation rate.................................................. 50.6 49.4 61.9 49.7 48.6 59.6

Employed.......................................................... 10,129 8,944 1,184 9,755 8,613 1,142

Employment-population ratio................................. 48.5 47.4 58.8 47.8 46.8 57.1

Unemployed....................................................... 453 390 63 370 321 49

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.3 4.2 5.0 3.7 3.6 4.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 10,314 9,547 767 10,262 9,454 808

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 3,896 3,207 689 4,116 3,400 716

Civilian labor force.................................................. 3,174 2,666 508 3,318 2,819 498

Participation rate.................................................. 81.5 83.1 73.7 80.6 82.9 69.6

Employed.......................................................... 3,013 2,533 480 3,169 2,698 471

Employment-population ratio................................. 77.3 79.0 69.6 77.0 79.4 65.7

Unemployed....................................................... 161 133 28 149 121 28

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.1 5.0 5.6 4.5 4.3 5.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 722 541 181 798 580 218

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 223,649 99,107 124,541 225,619 100,301 125,318

Civilian labor force.................................................. 146,479 74,393 72,086 147,957 75,154 72,803

Participation rate.................................................. 65.5 75.1 57.9 65.6 74.9 58.1

Employed.......................................................... 139,560 70,799 68,761 141,692 71,907 69,785

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.4 71.4 55.2 62.8 71.7 55.7

Unemployed....................................................... 6,919 3,594 3,325 6,265 3,248 3,018

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 77,170 24,714 52,455 77,662 25,147 52,515

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces.
Technical Note

The data in this release were collected through the 

Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a monthly 

survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the 

U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics—

obtains information on employment and unemployment 

among the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 

16 and over.

Most of the data in this release are annual averages for 

2017, compiled from the results of the monthly survey. In 

August 2017, a supplement to the CPS collected additional 

information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability, veterans' Reserve or National Guard 

status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. 

The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department 

of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's 

Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions were 

asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their 

prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated 

for persons 18 years of age and older.

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

The definitions underlying the data in this release are 

as follows:

Veterans are men and women who previously served 

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were 

civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the 

Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they 

had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on 

active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of 

the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are 

persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and 

prisons.

Nonveterans are men and women who never served on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf 

War-era veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. 

Armed Forces during these periods of service, regardless of 

where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more 

than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans of other service periods are men and women 

who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time other than 

World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf

War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in 

several armed conflicts during other service periods, these 

conflicts were more limited in scope and included a smaller 

proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime 

periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected 

wartime periods and during another period are classified in 

the wartime period.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the 

question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. 

Armed Forces?"

Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the 

Armed Forces, but not the location of their service. It is 

obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, 

"When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed 

Forces?" The following service periods are identified:

Gulf War era II — September 2001-present

Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001

Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975

Korean War — July 1950-January 1955

World War II — December 1941-December 1946

Other service periods — All other time periods

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world 

during these periods of service. Veterans are counted only in

one period of service, their most recent wartime period.

Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are 

classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in 

both a wartime period and any other service period are 

classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service

definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in 

law, regulations, and program needs of the survey sponsors.

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are 

individuals who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, 

in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in both 

locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by 

answers to two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the 

coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time 

since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or 

did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since 

October 2001?" 

Presence of service-connected disability is determined 

by answers to the question, "Has the Department of Veterans 

Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined 

that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health 

condition or impairment caused or made worse by any of 

your military service?"

Service-connected disability rating is based on answers 

to the question, "What is your current service-connected 

disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent, 

in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are 

determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule 

published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, 

"Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—

"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is 

"primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting 

from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result 

of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings 

represent as far as can practicably be determined the average 

impairment in earning capacity resulting from such diseases 
and injuries and their residual conditions in civil 

occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible 

disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent, with 

instructions for rating multiple disorders.

Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to 

Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past members of 

the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and 

National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been 

called to active duty. These data do not refer to all persons 

who may have ever served in the Reserve or National Guard.

Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers 

to two questions. Gulf War-era veterans were asked: "Was 

any of your active service the result of a call-up from the 

Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they were 

asked, "Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or 

National Guard?" A 'yes' response to either question 

classified persons as "Current or past member of the Reserve 

or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter question 

classified persons as "Never a member of the Reserve or 

National Guard." 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates will differ from the true population values they

represent. The component of this difference that occurs 

because samples differ by chance is known as sampling 

error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population 

value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, the inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the 

inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data.

Information about the reliability of national data from 

the CPS and estimating standard errors is available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. 

For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates 

from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and 6B of this 

release, see www.bls.gov/opub/gp/gpapndb.htm. 

Comparability of the estimates

Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from 

the veterans supplement shown in tables 7 through 10 of this 

release reflect a change in the weighting methodology. As a 

result of this change, for August 2015 and later years, the 

estimates of the number of veterans with a service-connected 

disability, veteran Reserve or National Guard members, and 

veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan were higher than 

in previous years. The supplement data presented in this 

release are not strictly comparable with data for years before 

2015 due to the change. See the note in the Employment 

Situation of Veterans 2015 news release for more 

information about the change in weighting methodology 

(www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/vet_03222016.pdf).
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2017 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over................................. 246,006 158,082 64.3 151,447 61.6 6,635 4.2 87,924

Veterans................................................. 20,387 10,125 49.7 9,755 47.8 370 3.7 10,262

Gulf War era, total.................................. 7,394 5,903 79.8 5,675 76.8 228 3.9 1,491

Gulf War era II.................................... 4,116 3,318 80.6 3,169 77.0 149 4.5 798

Gulf War era I..................................... 3,279 2,585 78.9 2,507 76.4 79 3.1 693

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 8,052 1,818 22.6 1,751 21.7 67 3.7 6,234

Other service periods............................... 4,941 2,404 48.7 2,329 47.1 75 3.1 2,537

Nonveterans............................................ 225,619 147,957 65.6 141,692 62.8 6,265 4.2 77,662

Men

Total, 18 years and over................................. 118,688 84,088 70.8 80,520 67.8 3,568 4.2 34,600

Veterans................................................. 18,387 8,934 48.6 8,613 46.8 321 3.6 9,454

Gulf War era, total.................................. 6,175 5,035 81.5 4,848 78.5 188 3.7 1,139

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,400 2,819 82.9 2,698 79.4 121 4.3 580

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,775 2,216 79.9 2,150 77.5 66 3.0 559

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 7,764 1,758 22.6 1,693 21.8 66 3.7 6,006

Other service periods............................... 4,449 2,140 48.1 2,073 46.6 68 3.2 2,309

Nonveterans............................................ 100,301 75,154 74.9 71,907 71.7 3,248 4.3 25,147

Women

Total, 18 years and over................................. 127,318 73,994 58.1 70,927 55.7 3,067 4.1 53,323

Veterans................................................. 2,000 1,191 59.6 1,142 57.1 49 4.1 808

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,220 868 71.2 828 67.9 40 4.6 352

Gulf War era II.................................... 716 498 69.6 471 65.7 28 5.5 218

Gulf War era I..................................... 504 370 73.4 357 70.9 13 3.4 134

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 288 60 20.8 58 20.2 2 2.8 228

Other service periods............................... 492 264 53.6 256 52.1 7 2.7 228

Nonveterans............................................ 125,318 72,803 58.1 69,785 55.7 3,018 4.1 52,515

White

Total, 18 years and over................................. 192,255 123,175 64.1 118,657 61.7 4,518 3.7 69,080

Veterans................................................. 16,867 8,122 48.2 7,846 46.5 276 3.4 8,745

Gulf War era, total.................................. 5,618 4,532 80.7 4,372 77.8 159 3.5 1,087

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,133 2,541 81.1 2,438 77.8 103 4.1 592

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,485 1,990 80.1 1,934 77.8 56 2.8 494

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 7,100 1,606 22.6 1,546 21.8 60 3.8 5,494

Other service periods............................... 4,148 1,984 47.8 1,928 46.5 56 2.8 2,164

Nonveterans............................................ 175,388 115,053 65.6 110,810 63.2 4,243 3.7 60,336

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over................................. 30,970 19,900 64.3 18,459 59.6 1,442 7.2 11,070

Veterans................................................. 2,587 1,465 56.6 1,390 53.7 75 5.1 1,122

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,286 991 77.1 937 72.9 54 5.5 295

Gulf War era II.................................... 709 559 78.9 523 73.7 37 6.5 150

Gulf War era I..................................... 577 432 74.9 414 71.8 18 4.1 145

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 684 146 21.3 141 20.6 4 3.0 538

Other service periods............................... 617 328 53.2 312 50.5 16 5.0 289

Nonveterans............................................ 28,383 18,435 65.0 17,068 60.1 1,367 7.4 9,948

Asian

Total, 18 years and over................................. 14,804 9,641 65.1 9,316 62.9 325 3.4 5,163

Veterans................................................. 336 202 60.1 199 59.1 3 1.6 134

Gulf War era, total.................................. 185 149 80.4 147 79.3 2 1.3 36

Gulf War era II.................................... 108 88 81.3 86 80.0 1 1.6 20

Gulf War era I..................................... 78 61 79.1 61 78.4 1 0.9 16
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2017 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 91 20 22.0 20 21.7 0 – 71

Other service periods............................... 60 33 55.3 32 53.8 1 – 27

Nonveterans............................................ 14,468 9,439 65.2 9,117 63.0 321 3.4 5,029

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over................................. 39,190 26,836 68.5 25,514 65.1 1,321 4.9 12,355

Veterans................................................. 1,459 916 62.8 881 60.4 35 3.8 543

Gulf War era, total.................................. 798 642 80.4 619 77.5 23 3.6 156

Gulf War era II.................................... 527 420 79.7 403 76.5 17 4.0 107

Gulf War era I..................................... 270 222 81.9 215 79.5 6 2.9 49

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 374 103 27.5 99 26.4 4 4.0 271

Other service periods............................... 287 171 59.7 164 57.1 8 4.4 116

Nonveterans............................................ 37,732 25,919 68.7 24,633 65.3 1,287 5.0 11,812

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race

groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is

identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 35,000).
Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,387 10,125 49.7 9,755 47.8 370 3.7 10,262

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 187 81.0 172 74.6 15 7.9 44

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,704 1,385 81.3 1,297 76.1 88 6.4 319

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,226 1,903 85.5 1,843 82.8 60 3.2 323

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,142 2,612 83.1 2,541 80.9 71 2.7 530

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,647 2,264 62.1 2,193 60.1 72 3.2 1,383

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,437 1,773 18.8 1,709 18.1 64 3.6 7,663

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,394 5,903 79.8 5,675 76.8 228 3.9 1,491

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 187 81.0 172 74.6 15 7.9 44

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,704 1,385 81.3 1,297 76.1 88 6.4 319

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,226 1,903 85.5 1,843 82.8 60 3.2 323

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,058 1,731 84.1 1,685 81.8 47 2.7 327

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 614 70.4 598 68.6 16 2.6 258

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 83 27.3 80 26.6 2 2.8 220

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,116 3,318 80.6 3,169 77.0 149 4.5 798

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 187 81.0 172 74.6 15 7.9 44

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,678 1,364 81.3 1,278 76.2 86 6.3 314

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,189 984 82.7 952 80.1 32 3.2 205

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634 529 83.5 520 82.0 9 1.8 104

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 228 74.8 222 72.9 6 2.5 77

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 25 32.1 25 31.1 1 – 54

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,279 2,585 78.9 2,507 76.4 79 3.1 693

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 20 – 19 – 2 – 5

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,037 920 88.7 891 85.9 28 3.1 118

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,425 1,202 84.4 1,165 81.7 37 3.1 223

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 386 68.0 376 66.2 10 2.6 182

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 57 25.7 56 24.9 2 2.7 166

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,052 1,818 22.6 1,751 21.7 67 3.7 6,234

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 400 46.5 386 44.9 14 3.4 460

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,192 1,418 19.7 1,364 19.0 53 3.8 5,774

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,941 2,404 48.7 2,329 47.1 75 3.1 2,537

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,084 881 81.3 857 79.1 24 2.7 203

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,915 1,250 65.3 1,208 63.1 42 3.4 664

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,943 273 14.0 264 13.6 9 3.1 1,670

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,619 147,957 65.6 141,692 62.8 6,265 4.2 77,662

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,846 18,736 65.0 17,143 59.4 1,593 8.5 10,110

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,255 34,701 82.1 33,142 78.4 1,559 4.5 7,554

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,726 31,131 82.5 30,048 79.6 1,082 3.5 6,595

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,645 30,951 80.1 29,962 77.5 990 3.2 7,694

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,046 24,637 64.8 23,872 62.7 765 3.1 13,409

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,102 7,801 19.5 7,525 18.8 276 3.5 32,301

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,387 8,934 48.6 8,613 46.8 321 3.6 9,454

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 157 85.6 144 78.4 13 8.4 26

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396 1,167 83.6 1,096 78.5 71 6.1 229

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825 1,606 88.0 1,556 85.2 50 3.1 219

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,675 2,259 84.5 2,199 82.2 60 2.7 416

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,236 2,028 62.7 1,964 60.7 64 3.2 1,208

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,072 1,716 18.9 1,653 18.2 62 3.6 7,356

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,175 5,035 81.5 4,848 78.5 188 3.7 1,139

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 157 85.6 144 78.4 13 8.4 26

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396 1,167 83.6 1,096 78.5 71 6.1 229

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825 1,606 88.0 1,556 85.2 50 3.1 219

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,743 1,494 85.7 1,456 83.5 38 2.5 249

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 538 71.3 525 69.5 13 2.5 217

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 73 26.9 71 26.1 2 3.0 199

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,400 2,819 82.9 2,698 79.4 121 4.3 580

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 157 85.6 144 78.4 13 8.4 26

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,377 1,151 83.6 1,082 78.6 69 6.0 225

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965 831 86.1 804 83.3 27 3.3 134

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542 461 85.0 454 83.7 7 1.5 81

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 197 75.2 193 73.6 4 2.1 65

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 22 31.6 22 30.7 1 – 48

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,775 2,216 79.9 2,150 77.5 66 3.0 559

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 16 – 14 – 2 – 3

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 775 90.1 752 87.4 23 3.0 85

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201 1,033 86.0 1,002 83.4 31 3.0 168

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 341 69.2 332 67.3 9 2.7 152

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 51 25.2 49 24.5 2 3.1 151

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,764 1,758 22.6 1,693 21.8 66 3.7 6,006

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 378 47.0 365 45.3 13 3.5 427

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,959 1,380 19.8 1,327 19.1 52 3.8 5,579

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,449 2,140 48.1 2,073 46.6 68 3.2 2,309

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932 766 82.2 743 79.8 22 2.9 166

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,676 1,112 66.3 1,074 64.1 37 3.4 564

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,841 263 14.3 255 13.8 8 3.0 1,578

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,301 75,154 74.9 71,907 71.7 3,248 4.3 25,147

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,449 9,674 66.9 8,738 60.5 936 9.7 4,775

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,424 18,206 89.1 17,394 85.2 813 4.5 2,217

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,772 16,170 91.0 15,646 88.0 524 3.2 1,602

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,759 15,403 86.7 14,926 84.0 476 3.1 2,357

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,820 12,130 72.1 11,746 69.8 384 3.2 4,690

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,077 3,571 27.3 3,457 26.4 114 3.2 9,506

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000 1,191 59.6 1,142 57.1 49 4.1 808

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 30 63.5 29 60.0 2 – 17

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 218 70.7 200 65.1 17 7.9 90

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 297 74.0 287 71.6 10 3.2 104

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 353 75.5 342 73.2 11 3.0 114

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 236 57.4 228 55.5 8 3.3 175

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 58 15.8 56 15.3 2 3.6 307

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,220 868 71.2 828 67.9 40 4.6 352

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 30 63.5 29 60.0 2 – 17

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 218 70.7 200 65.1 17 7.9 90

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 297 74.0 287 71.6 10 3.2 104

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 238 75.3 229 72.5 9 3.8 78

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 76 64.8 73 62.5 3 3.5 41

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 10 – 9 – 0 – 21

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 498 69.6 471 65.7 28 5.5 218

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 30 63.5 29 60.0 2 – 17

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 213 70.7 196 65.0 17 8.0 88

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 152 68.1 148 66.0 5 3.1 71

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 68 74.8 66 72.2 2 3.6 23

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 31 72.8 30 69.0 2 – 12

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 – 3 – 0 – 6

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 370 73.4 357 70.9 13 3.4 134

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 – 5 – 0 – 2

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 144 81.6 139 78.8 5 3.4 33

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 169 75.5 163 72.6 6 3.8 55

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 45 60.2 44 58.8 1 2.4 30

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6 – 6 – 0 – 15

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 60 20.8 58 20.2 2 2.8 228

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 22 39.0 21 38.3 0 – 34

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 38 16.4 37 15.9 1 3.4 195

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 264 53.6 256 52.1 7 2.7 228

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 115 75.9 113 74.8 2 1.5 36

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 139 58.0 134 56.0 5 3.5 100

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 10 9.8 9 9.2 1 – 92

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,318 72,803 58.1 69,785 55.7 3,018 4.1 52,515

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,397 9,062 62.9 8,405 58.4 657 7.2 5,335

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,831 16,494 75.6 15,748 72.1 746 4.5 5,337

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,954 14,960 75.0 14,402 72.2 558 3.7 4,993

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,885 15,549 74.4 15,035 72.0 513 3.3 5,337

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,226 12,507 58.9 12,126 57.1 381 3.0 8,719

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,025 4,230 15.7 4,068 15.1 162 3.8 22,795

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational

attainment, 2017 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status,

period of service, and educational attainment

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 20,156 9,938 49.3 9,583 47.5 355 3.6 10,218

Less than a high school diploma.................... 876 187 21.3 173 19.8 13 7.0 689

High school graduates, no college.................. 5,890 2,566 43.6 2,467 41.9 99 3.9 3,323

Some college or associate degree.................. 7,026 3,665 52.2 3,514 50.0 151 4.1 3,361

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 6,365 3,520 55.3 3,428 53.9 92 2.6 2,845

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over................................. 7,163 5,716 79.8 5,503 76.8 213 3.7 1,447

Less than a high school diploma.................... 88 54 61.5 50 57.2 4 7.0 34

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,578 1,257 79.7 1,200 76.0 57 4.6 321

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,884 2,221 77.0 2,123 73.6 98 4.4 664

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 2,613 2,184 83.6 2,130 81.5 54 2.5 429

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over................................. 3,885 3,131 80.6 2,997 77.1 134 4.3 754

Less than a high school diploma.................... 48 27 56.5 25 51.2 3 – 21

High school graduates, no college.................. 799 654 81.9 616 77.1 38 5.9 144

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,614 1,220 75.6 1,158 71.7 62 5.1 394

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,423 1,229 86.3 1,198 84.2 31 2.5 195

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over................................. 3,279 2,585 78.9 2,507 76.4 79 3.1 693

Less than a high school diploma.................... 40 27 67.6 26 64.5 1 – 13

High school graduates, no college.................. 779 603 77.4 584 74.9 19 3.2 176

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,270 1,000 78.8 965 76.0 35 3.5 269

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,190 955 80.3 932 78.3 23 2.4 234

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over................................. 8,052 1,818 22.6 1,751 21.7 67 3.7 6,234

Less than a high school diploma.................... 509 62 12.3 58 11.4 4 7.0 447

High school graduates, no college.................. 2,547 499 19.6 480 18.9 19 3.8 2,047

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,528 584 23.1 558 22.1 26 4.4 1,944

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 2,469 673 27.2 654 26.5 18 2.7 1,796

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over................................. 4,941 2,404 48.7 2,329 47.1 75 3.1 2,537

Less than a high school diploma.................... 279 70 25.1 65 23.4 5 7.0 209

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,765 810 45.9 787 44.6 23 2.8 955

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,614 861 53.3 833 51.6 27 3.2 754

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,283 664 51.7 644 50.2 20 3.0 619

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 196,773 129,221 65.7 124,549 63.3 4,673 3.6 67,552

Less than a high school diploma.................... 21,596 10,040 46.5 9,386 43.5 654 6.5 11,556

High school graduates, no college.................. 56,169 33,229 59.2 31,669 56.4 1,560 4.7 22,940

Some college or associate degree.................. 50,520 34,232 67.8 32,958 65.2 1,274 3.7 16,288

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 68,489 51,721 75.5 50,536 73.8 1,185 2.3 16,768

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2017

annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 9,755 5,675 3,169 2,507 1,751 2,329 141,692

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 39.4 39.9 38.8 41.2 41.4 36.7 40.2

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 19.3 18.2 17.6 18.9 23.8 18.5 16.6

Professional and related occupations...................................... 20.1 21.7 21.2 22.3 17.6 18.2 23.6

Service occupations............................................................ 13.9 15.1 16.1 13.8 10.7 13.4 17.3

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 16.8 17.0 16.8 17.3 18.2 15.1 22.1

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 8.6 7.8 7.5 8.1 11.8 8.1 10.2

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 8.2 9.2 9.3 9.2 6.4 7.0 11.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 13.6 13.6 14.8 12.1 12.4 14.3 9.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.8

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 5.8 5.3 5.7 4.8 6.0 6.7 5.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 7.3 7.9 8.8 6.9 5.5 7.1 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 16.4 14.4 13.5 15.6 17.3 20.5 11.4

Production occupations...................................................... 6.2 6.0 5.5 6.6 5.3 7.6 5.5

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 10.2 8.4 8.0 9.0 12.1 12.9 5.9

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 8,613 4,848 2,698 2,150 1,693 2,073 71,907

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 38.1 38.3 37.2 39.6 41.0 35.4 36.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 19.3 18.1 17.3 19.0 23.8 18.6 17.4

Professional and related occupations...................................... 18.8 20.2 20.0 20.6 17.2 16.8 18.9

Service occupations............................................................ 13.7 14.9 15.7 13.9 10.8 13.2 14.0

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 15.2 15.0 14.8 15.1 17.6 13.6 15.9

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 8.5 7.7 7.4 8.0 11.8 7.9 9.9

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 6.6 7.3 7.4 7.1 5.9 5.8 6.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 15.2 15.8 17.3 13.9 12.9 15.8 16.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.6 1.1

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 6.5 6.2 6.6 5.6 6.2 7.4 9.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 8.2 9.2 10.2 7.8 5.7 7.8 5.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 17.8 16.1 14.9 17.5 17.7 22.0 17.0

Production occupations...................................................... 6.8 6.7 6.1 7.5 5.3 8.2 7.5

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 11.0 9.3 8.8 9.9 12.4 13.7 9.4

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 1,142 828 471 357 58 256 69,785

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 48.9 49.3 47.8 51.2 52.0 47.0 44.1

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 18.9 18.9 19.3 18.3 25.4 17.4 15.7

Professional and related occupations...................................... 30.0 30.4 28.5 32.9 26.7 29.6 28.4

Service occupations............................................................ 15.3 16.0 18.4 13.0 7.9 14.7 20.7

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 28.9 29.1 28.1 30.4 34.4 26.9 28.5

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 9.0 8.4 8.1 8.8 12.7 10.3 10.6

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 19.9 20.7 20.1 21.6 21.7 16.7 17.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 1.0 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.1 2.3 1.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 0.6 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.3
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2017

annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 5.9 4.9 5.4 4.4 5.5 9.2 5.7

Production occupations...................................................... 1.9 1.6 2.2 0.9 3.0 2.3 3.5

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 4.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 2.6 6.8 2.2

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2017 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 9,755 5,675 3,169 2,507 1,751 2,329 141,692

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 2.0 0.8 0.9 0.6 5.7 2.1 1.6

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 4.1 1.2 0.5

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.0 99.2 99.1 99.4 94.3 97.9 98.4

Wage and salary workers2............................... 92.1 96.0 96.4 95.5 80.2 91.7 92.7

Private industries....................................... 70.4 70.5 69.9 71.2 68.1 72.1 79.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5

Construction.......................................... 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.8 6.4 6.7 5.7

Manufacturing........................................ 12.1 12.0 10.8 13.5 8.7 14.7 9.7

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.6 3.5 2.9 2.2

Retail trade........................................... 8.6 8.0 8.5 7.5 10.4 8.6 10.3

Transportation and utilities.......................... 7.2 6.8 5.9 8.0 7.0 8.4 4.0

Information............................................ 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.7 1.7

Financial activities................................... 4.9 4.9 4.3 5.7 5.8 4.2 6.4

Professional and business services............... 10.8 11.6 11.7 11.5 9.6 9.9 10.7

Education and health services..................... 8.2 8.7 8.7 8.7 7.0 7.7 15.5

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.7 3.9 4.9 2.8 3.6 3.2 8.4

Other services........................................ 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.4 4.2 3.4 4.3

Government............................................. 21.7 25.5 26.5 24.3 12.1 19.6 13.3

Federal................................................ 10.2 13.4 14.8 11.6 3.5 7.5 1.9

State................................................... 4.6 4.9 5.1 4.5 3.2 5.1 4.7

Local................................................... 6.8 7.2 6.5 8.2 5.4 7.0 6.7

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 5.9 3.2 2.7 3.9 14.1 6.2 5.7

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 8,613 4,848 2,698 2,150 1,693 2,073 71,907

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 2.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 5.7 2.3 2.2

Wage and salary workers2............................... 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.6 1.1 1.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.1 1.3 0.6

Nonagricultural industries................................... 97.8 99.1 99.0 99.3 94.3 97.7 97.8

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 91.6 95.8 96.2 95.3 80.1 91.3 91.3

Private industries....................................... 71.0 71.3 70.8 72.0 68.1 72.8 81.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Construction.......................................... 7.1 7.2 7.8 6.5 6.6 7.4 10.1

Manufacturing........................................ 13.0 13.3 12.1 14.9 8.9 15.7 13.2

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.1 3.0

Retail trade........................................... 8.5 8.0 8.6 7.3 10.5 8.2 10.2

Transportation and utilities.......................... 7.8 7.5 6.5 8.8 7.3 9.1 6.0

Information............................................ 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.2 1.8 2.0

Financial activities................................... 4.7 4.6 3.9 5.5 5.8 4.1 5.6

Professional and business services............... 11.0 11.9 12.0 11.7 9.6 10.1 11.7

Education and health services..................... 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.8

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.5 3.7 4.5 2.5 3.6 3.0 7.9

Other services........................................ 3.2 2.8 3.0 2.5 4.3 3.4 3.9

Government............................................. 20.6 24.5 25.5 23.3 12.0 18.6 10.3

Federal................................................ 9.4 12.7 14.0 11.1 3.3 6.9 1.8

State................................................... 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.4 3.2 4.9 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2017 annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Local................................................... 6.7 7.2 6.7 7.8 5.4 6.7 5.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 6.2 3.3 2.8 4.0 14.2 6.3 6.4

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 1,142 828 471 357 58 256 69,785

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 4.0 0.5 0.8

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 3.8 0.4 0.3

Nonagricultural industries................................... 99.5 99.7 99.6 99.9 96.0 99.5 99.2

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 95.8 97.0 97.3 96.6 84.3 94.7 94.1

Private industries....................................... 66.0 65.6 64.9 66.6 67.6 66.6 77.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1

Construction.......................................... 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 2.1 1.1 1.2

Manufacturing........................................ 4.7 4.3 3.3 5.6 3.8 6.4 6.2

Wholesale trade...................................... 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 7.3 1.2 1.5

Retail trade........................................... 9.0 8.3 8.0 8.6 7.1 11.6 10.5

Transportation and utilities.......................... 2.4 2.5 2.1 3.2 0.0 2.6 2.0

Information............................................ 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.0 1.0 1.3

Financial activities................................... 6.5 6.9 6.6 7.4 6.0 5.1 7.2

Professional and business services............... 9.5 9.9 9.7 10.2 7.4 8.4 9.6

Education and health services..................... 21.5 21.4 21.4 21.4 30.2 19.8 24.5

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 5.5 5.7 6.8 4.2 3.7 5.1 8.9

Other services........................................ 3.0 2.9 3.5 2.2 0.0 4.0 4.6

Government............................................. 29.9 31.4 32.4 30.0 16.7 28.0 16.4

Federal................................................ 15.9 17.6 19.9 14.6 9.8 11.9 2.0

State................................................... 6.2 6.1 6.8 5.1 3.0 7.0 5.9

Local................................................... 7.8 7.6 5.6 10.3 3.9 9.1 8.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 3.6 2.7 2.2 3.3 11.7 4.8 5.0

1 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.
Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2017 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,387 10,125 49.7 9,755 47.8 370 3.7 10,262

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 182 48.5 178 47.4 4 2.2 193

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 44 60.5 42 57.3 2 5.3 29

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 229 45.7 217 43.3 12 5.2 272

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 108 44.3 103 42.4 5 4.4 136

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,823 887 48.7 850 46.6 37 4.2 936

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 215 54.3 207 52.3 8 3.7 181

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 93 48.9 90 47.3 3 3.4 97

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 36 46.0 34 44.2 1 4.0 42

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 14 49.6 13 46.5 1 6.3 14

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,603 734 45.8 713 44.5 21 2.9 869

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 410 58.8 396 56.8 14 3.4 287

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 55 52.5 53 50.7 2 3.5 50

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 54 44.4 52 42.8 2 3.4 67

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 295 47.3 283 45.4 12 4.1 329

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 239 53.4 233 52.1 6 2.4 208

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 113 52.2 108 49.6 6 5.0 104

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 88 50.7 86 49.5 2 2.5 85

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 148 50.3 145 49.3 3 2.0 146

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 149 48.7 145 47.3 4 3.0 157

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 55 48.6 54 47.8 1 1.7 58

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 268 61.6 260 59.6 9 3.3 167

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 172 47.5 168 46.4 4 2.4 189

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 260 45.9 251 44.3 9 3.6 307

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 178 52.8 169 50.2 9 5.1 159

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 98 49.7 95 48.0 3 3.5 99

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 208 46.6 202 45.2 6 3.1 238

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 51 49.3 49 47.2 2 4.4 52

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 63 50.8 60 48.5 3 4.5 61

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 135 50.1 129 47.6 7 4.9 135

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 49 47.6 48 46.0 2 3.3 54

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 150 44.1 144 42.4 6 4.0 190

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 70 45.9 67 44.4 2 3.3 82

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 323 42.5 310 40.8 13 3.9 437

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 365 50.7 348 48.3 17 4.7 355

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 27 56.6 27 55.4 1 2.1 21

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796 369 46.4 357 44.8 13 3.5 427

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 151 50.9 146 49.1 5 3.5 146

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 152 49.8 145 47.6 6 4.3 153

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 382 45.7 363 43.4 19 5.0 454

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 32 44.5 29 41.3 2 7.3 39

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 189 45.4 182 43.6 7 3.9 228

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 46 59.5 45 58.0 1 2.5 31

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 262 50.8 253 49.1 9 3.5 253

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,678 905 53.9 870 51.9 35 3.8 773

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 79 52.1 76 50.6 2 2.9 72

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 19 44.8 19 44.1 0 1.7 23

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 463 60.0 452 58.5 11 2.5 309

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 245 48.2 237 46.6 8 3.2 263

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 64 44.2 61 41.9 3 5.1 81

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 175 49.4 169 47.8 6 3.3 179

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 28 53.9 26 51.4 1 4.6 24

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2017 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,619 147,957 65.6 141,692 62.8 6,265 4.2 77,662

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,339 1,967 58.9 1,881 56.3 86 4.4 1,372

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 321 70.2 296 64.8 25 7.8 136

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,768 3,033 63.6 2,897 60.8 135 4.5 1,736

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,004 1,241 61.9 1,198 59.8 43 3.5 763

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,000 18,116 64.7 17,275 61.7 842 4.6 9,884

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,871 2,768 71.5 2,692 69.6 75 2.7 1,103

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,577 1,790 69.5 1,705 66.2 85 4.8 786

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 433 65.8 412 62.7 20 4.7 225

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 384 72.7 361 68.3 24 6.1 144

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,799 9,284 62.7 8,915 60.2 369 4.0 5,515

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,000 4,607 65.8 4,397 62.8 211 4.6 2,393

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 626 65.2 612 63.7 14 2.3 334

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125 762 67.7 739 65.7 23 3.0 363

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,030 6,046 66.9 5,763 63.8 283 4.7 2,985

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,506 3,011 66.8 2,910 64.6 101 3.4 1,494

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,155 1,527 70.8 1,482 68.7 45 3.0 629

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,966 1,366 69.5 1,319 67.1 47 3.5 600

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,043 1,885 61.9 1,787 58.7 98 5.2 1,158

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,172 1,946 61.4 1,845 58.2 101 5.2 1,225

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953 635 66.7 616 64.6 20 3.1 317

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,171 2,919 70.0 2,799 67.1 120 4.1 1,252

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,012 3,437 68.6 3,305 65.9 132 3.8 1,575

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,082 4,522 63.8 4,316 60.9 206 4.6 2,560

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,846 2,846 74.0 2,755 71.6 91 3.2 999

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,005 1,169 58.3 1,112 55.5 57 4.9 835

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,150 2,751 66.3 2,648 63.8 103 3.7 1,400

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 465 65.8 447 63.3 18 3.8 242

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,284 920 71.6 896 69.8 24 2.6 364

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,001 1,308 65.4 1,245 62.2 63 4.8 693

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952 677 71.1 659 69.3 17 2.5 276

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,517 4,279 65.6 4,083 62.7 195 4.6 2,239

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,402 852 60.8 801 57.1 51 6.0 550

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,547 9,240 63.5 8,821 60.6 419 4.5 5,306

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,010 4,481 63.9 4,291 61.2 190 4.2 2,529

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 383 74.3 374 72.4 10 2.5 133

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,033 5,292 65.9 5,034 62.7 258 4.9 2,742

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,603 1,668 64.1 1,598 61.4 70 4.2 935

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,925 1,941 66.4 1,864 63.7 77 4.0 984

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,037 5,882 65.1 5,615 62.1 268 4.5 3,155

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 516 67.4 494 64.6 21 4.1 249

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,365 2,060 61.2 1,972 58.6 88 4.2 1,305

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 407 72.2 392 69.6 15 3.6 157

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,611 2,912 63.2 2,803 60.8 109 3.7 1,699

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,678 12,409 66.4 11,882 63.6 527 4.2 6,269

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,997 1,445 72.4 1,399 70.1 46 3.2 551

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 319 69.9 309 67.9 9 3.0 137

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,621 3,806 67.7 3,665 65.2 141 3.7 1,816

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,143 3,425 66.6 3,269 63.6 155 4.5 1,718

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,271 711 56.0 675 53.1 37 5.1 560

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,055 2,905 71.6 2,815 69.4 90 3.1 1,150

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 263 68.6 252 65.8 11 4.1 120

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Not in

labor

force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total 20,562 10,065 49.0 9,618 46.8 448 4.4 10,497

With service-connected disability 4,939 2,390 48.4 2,287 46.3 103 4.3 2,549

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,401 749 53.5 725 51.7 24 3.3 652

30 to 50 percent disability rating 1,066 664 62.3 642 60.3 22 3.3 402

60 percent or higher disability rating 2,034 767 37.7 730 35.9 37 4.8 1,267

Disability rating not reported 438 210 47.9 190 43.4 20 9.5 228

Without service-connected disability 14,905 7,338 49.2 7,005 47.0 333 4.5 7,567

Presence of disability not reported 718 337 47.0 325 45.3 12 3.6 381

Gulf War era, total

Total 7,490 6,001 80.1 5,769 77.0 232 3.9 1,489

With service-connected disability 2,613 1,885 72.1 1,809 69.2 76 4.0 728

Less than 30 percent disability rating 580 515 88.8 494 85.2 21 4.1 65

30 to 50 percent disability rating 658 534 81.2 527 80.1 7 1.3 124

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,171 685 58.5 648 55.3 37 5.3 487

Disability rating not reported 204 151 73.9 139 68.3 11 7.6 53

Without service-connected disability 4,526 3,878 85.7 3,732 82.4 146 3.8 648

Presence of disability not reported 350 238 67.8 228 65.0 10 4.1 113

Gulf War era II

Total 4,085 3,297 80.7 3,150 77.1 147 4.5 788

With service-connected disability 1,667 1,264 75.8 1,215 72.9 50 3.9 403

Less than 30 percent disability rating 328 300 91.6 294 89.7 6 2.1 27

30 to 50 percent disability rating 430 373 86.9 368 85.6 6 1.5 56

60 percent or higher disability rating 808 499 61.7 467 57.9 31 6.3 309

Disability rating not reported 102 92 90.6 86 84.2 7 7.1 10

Without service-connected disability 2,200 1,881 85.5 1,791 81.4 90 4.8 319

Presence of disability not reported 218 152 69.8 144 66.1 8 5.4 66

Gulf War era I

Total 3,405 2,704 79.4 2,619 76.9 85 3.1 701

With service-connected disability 946 621 65.6 594 62.8 26 4.3 326

Less than 30 percent disability rating 252 215 85.2 200 79.3 15 6.9 37

30 to 50 percent disability rating 228 161 70.5 160 69.9 1 0.8 67

60 percent or higher disability rating 363 186 51.2 181 49.8 5 2.9 177

Disability rating not reported 102 59 57.4 54 52.6 5 - 44

Without service-connected disability 2,326 1,998 85.9 1,941 83.4 57 2.8 329

Presence of disability not reported 132 85 64.5 84 63.3 2 1.8 47

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 8,050 1,707 21.2 1,582 19.7 124 7.3 6,343

With service-connected disability 1,692 260 15.4 250 14.8 10 3.9 1,432

Less than 30 percent disability rating 602 120 19.9 118 19.6 2 1.8 482

30 to 50 percent disability rating 281 62 22.1 59 20.8 4 - 219

60 percent or higher disability rating 654 52 8.0 52 8.0 - - 602

Disability rating not reported 155 26 16.6 21 13.8 4 - 129

Without service-connected disability 6,157 1,421 23.1 1,309 21.3 112 7.9 4,736

Presence of disability not reported 201 26 12.7 23 11.5 2 - 175

Other service periods

Total 5,022 2,358 46.9 2,267 45.1 91 3.9 2,664

With service-connected disability 633 244 38.6 228 36.0 16 6.7 389

Less than 30 percent disability rating 219 114 52.0 113 51.5 1 1.1 105

30 to 50 percent disability rating 127 68 53.2 57 44.6 11 - 59

60 percent or higher disability rating 209 30 14.3 30 14.3 - - 179

Disability rating not reported 79 33 42.2 29 36.9 4 - 45

Without service-connected disability 4,222 2,039 48.3 1,965 46.5 74 3.6 2,183

Presence of disability not reported 167 74 44.4 74 44.4 0 - 93

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Not in

labor

force

MEN

VETERANS

Total 18,530 8,821 47.6 8,452 45.6 369 4.2 9,709

With service-connected disability 4,390 2,086 47.5 1,995 45.4 92 4.4 2,304

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,241 633 51.0 619 49.8 14 2.2 608

30 to 50 percent disability rating 952 594 62.4 572 60.1 22 3.7 358

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,810 681 37.6 646 35.7 36 5.3 1,129

Disability rating not reported 387 178 46.1 158 40.9 20 11.2 208

Without service-connected disability 13,519 6,447 47.7 6,173 45.7 274 4.2 7,072

Presence of disability not reported 621 288 46.4 284 45.8 4 1.4 333

Gulf War era, total

Total 6,254 5,099 81.5 4,930 78.8 169 3.3 1,155

With service-connected disability 2,169 1,600 73.7 1,535 70.7 65 4.1 570

Less than 30 percent disability rating 463 416 89.8 405 87.5 11 2.6 47

30 to 50 percent disability rating 558 464 83.2 457 82.0 7 1.5 94

60 percent or higher disability rating 992 600 60.5 564 56.9 36 6.0 392

Disability rating not reported 156 119 76.4 108 69.0 11 9.6 37

Without service-connected disability 3,812 3,304 86.7 3,202 84.0 102 3.1 508

Presence of disability not reported 273 195 71.5 193 71.0 2 0.8 78

Gulf War era II

Total 3,339 2,761 82.7 2,659 79.6 102 3.7 578

With service-connected disability 1,392 1,097 78.8 1,054 75.7 43 3.9 295

Less than 30 percent disability rating 263 253 96.2 253 96.2 - - 10

30 to 50 percent disability rating 364 331 90.8 325 89.2 6 1.7 34

60 percent or higher disability rating 682 440 64.5 410 60.1 30 6.9 242

Disability rating not reported 82 72 88.3 66 80.4 7 - 10

Without service-connected disability 1,777 1,542 86.8 1,483 83.5 59 3.8 234

Presence of disability not reported 171 122 71.2 122 71.2 0 0.0 49

Gulf War era I

Total 2,915 2,338 80.2 2,271 77.9 67 2.9 577

With service-connected disability 778 503 64.6 480 61.8 22 4.4 275

Less than 30 percent disability rating 200 163 81.3 152 75.9 11 6.6 37

30 to 50 percent disability rating 193 133 68.9 132 68.2 1 1.0 60

60 percent or higher disability rating 310 160 51.6 155 49.8 5 3.3 150

Disability rating not reported 74 47 - 42 - 5 - 27

Without service-connected disability 2,035 1,762 86.6 1,719 84.4 43 2.4 273

Presence of disability not reported 102 73 72.0 72 70.5 2 - 29

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 7,760 1,640 21.1 1,520 19.6 120 7.3 6,120

With service-connected disability 1,649 260 15.8 250 15.2 10 3.9 1,389

Less than 30 percent disability rating 585 120 20.5 118 20.2 2 1.8 465

30 to 50 percent disability rating 272 62 22.8 59 21.5 4 - 210

60 percent or higher disability rating 637 52 8.2 52 8.2 - - 585

Disability rating not reported 155 26 16.6 21 13.8 4 - 129

Without service-connected disability 5,917 1,354 22.9 1,247 21.1 108 8.0 4,562

Presence of disability not reported 194 26 13.2 23 11.9 2 - 168

Other service periods

Total 4,516 2,082 46.1 2,002 44.3 80 3.8 2,434

With service-connected disability 571 226 39.6 210 36.8 16 7.3 345

Less than 30 percent disability rating 193 97 50.1 95 49.5 1 1.3 96

30 to 50 percent disability rating 122 68 55.4 57 46.4 11 - 55

60 percent or higher disability rating 181 29 15.9 29 15.9 - - 152

Disability rating not reported 75 33 44.1 29 38.6 4 - 42

Without service-connected disability 3,790 1,788 47.2 1,725 45.5 64 3.6 2,002

Presence of disability not reported 155 68 43.9 68 43.9 0 - 87

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Not in

labor

force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total 2,032 1,244 61.2 1,166 57.4 78 6.3 788

With service-connected disability 549 304 55.3 292 53.3 11 3.6 245

Less than 30 percent disability rating 160 116 72.8 106 66.3 10 8.9 43

30 to 50 percent disability rating 114 70 61.6 70 61.6 - - 44

60 percent or higher disability rating 224 86 38.2 85 37.9 1 0.9 138

Disability rating not reported 51 31 - 31 - - - 20

Without service-connected disability 1,386 891 64.3 832 60.1 59 6.6 494

Presence of disability not reported 97 49 50.4 41 42.0 8 - 48

Gulf War era, total

Total 1,236 902 73.0 839 67.8 64 7.0 334

With service-connected disability 444 285 64.3 274 61.8 11 3.9 159

Without service-connected disability 714 574 80.4 530 74.2 44 7.7 140

Presence of disability not reported 78 43 54.8 34 44.3 8 - 35

Gulf War era II

Total 746 536 71.9 491 65.8 46 8.5 209

With service-connected disability 275 167 60.8 160 58.3 7 4.1 108

Without service-connected disability 423 338 79.9 308 72.7 31 9.1 85

Presence of disability not reported 47 31 - 23 - 8 - 17

Gulf War era I

Total 490 366 74.6 348 71.0 18 4.9 124

With service-connected disability 169 118 70.0 114 67.5 4 3.5 51

Without service-connected disability 291 236 81.0 222 76.3 14 5.8 55

Presence of disability not reported 30 12 - 12 - - - 18

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 290 67 22.9 62 21.5 4 - 223

With service-connected disability 43 - - - - - - 43

Without service-connected disability 240 67 27.7 62 26.0 4 - 173

Presence of disability not reported 7 0 - 0 - - - 7

Other service periods

Total 506 275 54.4 265 52.3 11 3.9 231

With service-connected disability 62 18 - 18 - - - 44

Without service-connected disability 432 251 58.1 240 55.6 11 4.3 181

Presence of disability not reported 13 6 - 6 - 0 - 6

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and

other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served

in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The

associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal

Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication

criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,

and class of worker, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of

disability, and period of service

Total

employed

(thousands)

Percent distribution by class of worker

Total

Agriculture

and

related

industries

Nonagricultural industries

Total

Wage and salary workers 1

Private

sector

Government

Total Federal State and

local

Selfemployed,

unincorporated, and

unpaid

family

workers

Veterans, total 2 9,618 100.0 2.3 97.7 69.8 21.9 10.3 11.6 6.0

With service-connected disability 2,287 100.0 1.6 98.4 59.2 32.5 19.3 13.2 6.7

Without service-connected disability 7,005 100.0 2.4 97.6 73.1 18.6 7.2 11.4 5.9

Gulf War era, total 2 5,769 100.0 0.8 99.2 70.8 25.6 12.6 13.0 2.7

With service-connected disability 1,809 100.0 0.4 99.6 60.7 35.1 21.4 13.7 3.9

Without service-connected disability 3,732 100.0 0.9 99.1 75.5 21.4 8.1 13.3 2.2

Gulf War era II 2 3,150 100.0 0.9 99.1 70.9 25.3 12.1 13.2 2.9

With service-connected disability 1,215 100.0 0.6 99.4 63.0 32.5 17.3 15.2 3.9

Without service-connected disability 1,791 100.0 0.8 99.2 76.3 20.7 7.9 12.8 2.1

Gulf War era I 2 2,619 100.0 0.8 99.2 70.7 26.0 13.3 12.7 2.5

With service-connected disability 594 100.0 - 100.0 55.8 40.3 29.6 10.7 3.8

Without service-connected disability 1,941 100.0 0.9 99.1 74.8 22.1 8.3 13.8 2.2

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 2 1,582 100.0 6.8 93.2 65.4 11.4 4.1 7.3 16.5

With service-connected disability 250 100.0 7.0 93.0 52.6 14.8 6.3 8.4 25.7

Without service-connected disability 1,309 100.0 6.8 93.2 67.3 10.9 3.8 7.2 15.0

Other service periods 2 2,267 100.0 3.0 97.0 70.1 19.8 8.8 10.9 7.2

With service-connected disability 228 100.0 5.7 94.3 54.7 31.5 17.6 14.0 8.1

Without service-connected disability 1,965 100.0 2.5 97.5 72.2 18.4 7.7 10.7 6.8

Nonveterans 141,637 100.0 1.6 98.4 79.7 13.0 1.9 11.1 5.7

 1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

 2 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-

January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a

health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is

determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this

release.
Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2017, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and

Reserve or National Guard status

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

Not in

labor

force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total 7,490 6,001 80.1 5,769 77.0 232 3.9 1,489

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 2,392 1,971 82.4 1,922 80.4 48 2.5 421

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 4,800 3,811 79.4 3,641 75.9 170 4.5 989

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 298 219 73.5 205 68.8 14 6.4 79

Gulf War era II

Total 4,085 3,297 80.7 3,150 77.1 147 4.5 788

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,398 1,150 82.2 1,118 79.9 32 2.8 249

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 2,516 2,029 80.6 1,922 76.4 107 5.3 487

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 170 118 69.5 110 64.7 8 6.9 52

Gulf War era I

Total 3,405 2,704 79.4 2,619 76.9 85 3.1 701

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 994 821 82.6 805 81.0 16 2.0 173

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 2,284 1,782 78.0 1,719 75.3 63 3.5 502

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 128 101 78.9 95 74.4 6 5.7 27

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The

Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present)

and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include

Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty.
Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2017, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Number Rate

Not in

labor

force

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans 4,085 3,297 80.7 3,150 77.1 147 4.5 788

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both 1 1,940 1,519 78.3 1,452 74.8 67 4.4 421

Served in Iraq 2 1,509 1,149 76.2 1,105 73.2 44 3.9 359

Served in Afghanistan 3 977 785 80.3 746 76.4 38 4.9 192

Served in both locations 4 545 415 76.1 399 73.3 15 3.7 130

Served elsewhere 2,145 1,778 82.9 1,698 79.2 80 4.5 367

 1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also

includes veterans who served in both countries.

 2 Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.

 3 Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.

 

4

 Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001.