# Patent

## Title
Long-acting coagulation factors and methods of producing same

## Abstract

Polypeptides comprising at least one carboxy-terminal peptide (CTP) of chorionic gonadotropin attached to the carboxy terminus but not to the amino terminus of a coagulation factor and polynucleotides encoding the same are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the polypeptides and polynucleotides of the invention and methods of using and producing same are also disclosed.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/932,839, filed on Jul. 1, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/759,860, filed on Feb. 5, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/372,540, filed Feb. 14, 2012, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/826,754, filed Jun. 30, 2010 and now U.S. Pat. No. 8,476,234, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/224,366, filed Jul. 9, 2009; and is a continuation-in-part application of International Application No. PCT/IL2013/050107, filed Feb. 5, 2013 all of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety herein.


FIELD OF INVENTION
Polypeptides comprising at least one carboxy-terminal peptide (CTP) of chorionic gonadotropin attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor and polynucleotides encoding the same are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the polypeptides and polynucleotides of the invention and methods of using and producing same are also disclosed.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The development of coagulation factor replacement therapy has transformed the lives of many individuals with hemophilia. Hemophilia is a group of hereditary genetic disorders that impair the body's ability to control blood clotting or coagulation. Patients with hemophilia do not produce adequate amounts of Factor VIII or Factor IX proteins, which are necessary for effective blood clotting. In severe hemophiliacs even a minor injury can result in blood loss that continues for days or weeks, and complete healing may not occur, leading to the potential for debilitating permanent damage to joints and other organs, and premature death.
One type of hemophilia, Hemophilia B, is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by a mutation in the Factor IX (FIX) gene, resulting in a deficiency of the procoagulant activity of FIX. Hemophilia B patients have spontaneous soft tissue hemorrhages and recurrent hemarthroses that often lead to a crippling arthropathy. Current treatment for these patients includes an intravenous administration of recombinant FIX. However issues of cost and relatively rapid clearance of FIX from the circulation make developing a long-acting FIX a challenging task.
Commercial availability of FVIII and FIX has led to improved control of life-threatening bleedings episodes. Many patients receive prophylactic therapy, which reduces the risk of bleeding and its associated complications. However, a significant proportion of patients (10-30%) develop inhibitory antibodies to exogenously administered FVIII and FIX. Administration of FVIIa, which is a bypassing product, can induce homeostasis and provide an effective treatment for patients with inhibitory Abs.
Recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®) is commercially available and was approved in 1996 for treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. However, rFVIIa is rapidly cleared with a terminal half-life of 2.5 hours. As a result, patients generally require multiple, frequent infusions (2-3 doses given in 2-3 hour intervals) to achieve adequate homeostasis following a mild to moderate bleed. Consequently, there is much interest in developing a long-acting form of FVIIa that would prolong the duration of haemostatic activity following a single dose and allow much less frequent dosing. A long-acting FVIIa would also increase the feasibility of long-term prophylactic therapy.
Various technologies are being developed for prolonging the half-life of FVIIa. However, there remains a need to achieve a prolonged half-life of this protein while preserving its biological activity and ensuring that the modifications do not induce significant immunogenicity. The present invention addresses this need by attaching gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to FVIIa, thereby modifying it to prolong its half-life and biological activity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said coagulation factor. In one embodiment, the sequence of at least one CTP is selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is glycosylated. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is truncated. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is attached to said coagulation factor via a linker. In one embodiment, the linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, wherein in one embodiment the coagulation faction is a vitamin K dependent glycoprotein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor IX. In yet another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor VII. In still another embodiment, the coagulation factor is activated FVII (FVIIa).
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the CTP-modified polypeptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a polynucleotide molecule comprising a coding portion encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said coagulation factor. In one embodiment, the sequence of at least one CTP is selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is truncated. In one embodiment, the coagulation factor is a vitamin K dependent glycoprotein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor IX. In still another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor VII. In yet another embodiment the coagulation factor is activated FVII (FVIIa).
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide molecule described herein.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a cell comprising an expression vector described herein.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a composition comprising an expression vector described herein.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of extending the biological half-life of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby extending the biological half-life of the coagulation factor. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is glycosylated. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is truncated. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is attached to the coagulation factor via a linker. In one embodiment, the linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby improving the AUC of the coagulation factor. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is glycosylated. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is truncated. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is attached to the coagulation factor via a linker. In one embodiment, the linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby reducing the dosing frequency of the coagulation factor. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is glycosylated. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is truncated. In one embodiment, at least one CTP is attached to said coagulation factor via a linker. In one embodiment, the linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of preventing or treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in a subject, the method comprising the step of administering a CTP-modified coagulation factor polypeptide of this invention, as described herein, to the subject, thereby preventing or treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in said subject. In one embodiment, disorder is hemophilia. In one embodiment, the subject is a human child. In one embodiment, administering is via the subcutaneous route.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, examples and figures. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modification within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
FIG. 1A. Shows a bar graph showing harvests limited, diluted, transfected, and selected cells with FIX-CTP and FIX-CTP-CTP variants in the presence of 5 μg/ml of Vitamin K3. The level of FIX was quantified using Human FIX ELISA kit (Affinity Biologicals; Cat. No. FIX-AG RUO), and the calculated protein concentration (μg/ml) is the average of two independent runs.
FIG. 1B. Shows SDS-PAGE gel micrographs of FIX Ab recognition and depicts recognition of anti-FIX antibody in Western-blot; Lane 1 in FIG. 1B was loaded with a sample containing recombinant FIX; Lane 2 in FIG. 1B was loaded with a sample containing FIX-CTP harvests. Lane 3 in FIG. 1B was loaded with a sample containing FIX-(CTP)2 harvest.
FIG. 1C. Shows SDS-PAGE gel micrographs of FIX Ab recognition. FIG. 1C depicts recognition of anti-γ carboxylation antibody in Western-blot. Lane 1 in FIG. 1C was loaded with a sample containing recombinant FIX. Lane 2 in FIG. 1C was loaded with a sample containing FIX-CTP harvests. Lane 3 in FIG. 1C was loaded with a sample containing FIX-(CTP)2 harvest.
FIG. 2. Shows a graph showing FIX-CTP and FIX-(CTP)2 harvests comparative chromogenic activity (measured by a the EC50. concentration) compared to rhFIX (American Diagnostics).
FIG. 3. Shows a graph showing PK profile of rhFIX, harvest of FIX-CTP-CTP, and harvest of FIX-CTP.
FIG. 4. Shows a bar graph showing harvests of FIX-CTP and FIX-CTP-CTP harvests and FIX-CTP-CTP purified protein FIX antigen level as determined using Human FIX ELISA kit (Affinity Biologicals; cat. No. FIX-AG RUO). The calculated protein concentration (μg/ml) is the average of two independent runs.
FIG. 5A. Shows SDS-PAGE gel micrographs of FIX Ab recognition and depicts a coomassie blue staining. Lane 1 was loaded with a sample containing FIX-(CTP)2. Lane 2 was loaded with a sample containing unbound FIX-(CTP)2. Lane 3 was loaded with a sample containing a concentrated elution of FIX-(CTP)2.
FIG. 5B. Shows SDS-PAGE gel micrographs of FIX Ab recognition and depicts recognition of anti-FIX antibody in Western-blot. Lane 1 was loaded with a sample containing FIX-(CTP)2. Lane 2 was loaded with a sample containing unbound FIX-(CTP)2. Lane 3 was loaded with a sample containing a concentrated elution of FIX-(CTP)2.
FIG. 5C. Shows SDS-PAGE gel micrographs of FIX Ab recognition and depicts recognition of anti-γ carboxylation antibody in Western-blot. Lane 1 was loaded with a sample containing FIX-(CTP)2. Lane 2 was loaded with a sample containing unbound FIX-(CTP)2. Lane 3 was loaded with a sample containing a concentrated elution of FIX-(CTP)2.
FIG. 6. Shows a graph showing FIX-(CTP)2 chromogenic activity (sample concentration/O.D.) compared to human normal pool plasma and rhFIX (American Diagnostics).
FIG. 7. Shows a graph showing the PK profile of purified FIX-CTP-CTP, rhFIX, harvest of FIX-CTP-CTP, and harvest of FIX-CTP.
FIG. 8A. Shows an anti-CTP and anti-gamma carboxylation antibodies Western blots of FIX fused to three, four or five CTPs. FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5 harvests were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision plus dual color protein marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was performed by Western immuno-blot using anti-CTP polyclonal Ab (Adar Biotech Production).
FIG. 8B. Shows an anti-CTP and anti-gamma carboxylation antibodies Western blots of FIX fused to three, four or five CTPs. FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5 harvests were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision plus dual color protein marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was performed by Western immuno-blot using anti-Gla Ab (American Diagnostica).
FIG. 9. Shows a Coomassie blue detection of FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5. After a purification process utilizing Jacalin column (immunoaffinity purification of glycosylated proteins), FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5 were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE was stained by Coomassie blue dye for sample detection.
FIG. 10. Shows FIX Chromogenic activity. A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of fully purified (HA column) FIX-CTP3 FIX-CTP4 and FIX-CTP5 versus human pool normal plasma was performed using a commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221802). All samples were serially diluted and the potency was assessed by comparing a dose response curve to a reference preparation consisting of normal human plasma.
FIG. 11. Shows the comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of FIX-CTP3 FIX-CTP4 and FIX-CTP5. FIX concentration in plasma samples were quantified using human FIX Elisa kits (Affinity Biologicals). Pharmacokinetic profile was calculated and is the mean of 3 animals at each time point. Terminal half-lives were calculated using PK Solutions 2.0 software.
FIG. 12A. Shows the FIX-CTP3 SDS-PAGE analysis—Coomassie SDS-PAGE. FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein, rhFIX and rFIXa (activated FIX) were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE Coomassie analysis was performed by staining the gel with Coomassie blue reagent (800 ng of protein).
FIG. 12B. Shows the FIX-CTP3 SDS-PAGE analysis—Coomassie SDS-PAGE. FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein, rhFIX and rFIXa (activated FIX) were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). A Western immunoblot was performed using 100 ng of protein with anti-human FIX polyclonal Ab.
FIG. 12C. Shows the FIX-CTP3 SDS-PAGE analysis—Coomassie SDS-PAGE. FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein, rhFIX and rFIXa (activated FIX) were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). A Western immunoblot was performed using 100 ng of protein with anti-human gamma carboxylation monoclonal antibody (American Diagnostics Cat #499, 3570).
FIG. 12D. Shows the FIX-CTP3 SDS-PAGE analysis—Coomassie SDS-PAGE. FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein, rhFIX and rFIXa (activated FIX) were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). A Western immunoblot was performed using 100 ng of protein with anti-FIX pro-peptide polyclonal Ab (FIG. 12D).
FIG. 12E. Shows the FIX-CTP3 SDS-PAGE analysis—Coomassie SDS-PAGE. FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein, rhFIX and rFIXa (activated FIX) were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). A Western immunoblot was performed using 100 ng of protein with anti-CTP polyclonal Ab.
FIG. 13. Shows the FIX-CTP3 chromogenic activity. A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of FIX-CTP3 harvest and FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein, versus human pool normal plasma was performed using a commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221802). FIX-CTP3 harvest and protein were serially diluted, and the potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve to a reference preparation consisting of normal human plasma.
FIG. 14. Shows the comparative clotting time. An in vitro aPTT (activated Partial Thrombin Time Assay) was performed comparing the clotting activity of FIX-CTP3 to BeneFIX. The proteins were serially diluted and spiked into human FIX-depleted plasma, and the clotting time was evaluated.
FIG. 15. Shows FIX-CTP3 comparative PK profile. FIX concentration was quantitated using human FIX ELISA kits (Affinity Biologicals; Cat. # FIX-AG RUO). The pharmacokinetic profile was calculated for each protein and is the mean of 3 animals at each time point.
FIG. 16A. In parallel to PK sampling, FIX-deficient animals administered with FIX-CTP3, citrated plasma samples, were evaluated for their clotting activity by aPTT assay, which was translated to % activity. The % activity at each collection point was calculated as the current clotting time/clotting time of normal pool mice plasma*100.
FIG. 16B. In parallel to PK sampling, FIX-deficient animals administered with either BeneFIX®, citrated plasma samples, were evaluated for their clotting activity by aPTT assay, which was translated to % activity. The % activity at each collection point was calculated as the current clotting time/clotting time of normal pool mice plasma*100.
FIG. 17A. Shows a first challenge bleeding parameters. FIX-deficient mice were administered a single intravenous injection of 100 IU/Kg of BeneFIX® or rFIX-CTP3. The tail vein was slightly clipped 48 hours post-dosing and tail vein bleeding time (TVBT) was evaluated. A second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes after reaching homeostasis, and the same parameters were measured.
FIG. 17B. Shows a first challenge bleeding parameters. FIX-deficient mice were administered a single intravenous injection of 100 IU/Kg of BeneFIX® or rFIX-CTP3. The tail vein was slightly clipped 48 hours post-dosing and tail vein bleeding time (TVBT) was evaluated. A second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes after reaching homeostasis, and the same parameters were measured.
FIG. 17C. Shows a first challenge bleeding parameters. FIX-deficient mice were administered a single intravenous injection of 100 IU/Kg of BeneFIX® or rFIX-CTP3. The tail vein was slightly clipped 48 hours post-dosing and bleeding intensity (hemoglobin OD) was evaluated. A second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes after reaching homeostasis, and the same parameters were measured.
FIG. 17D. Shows a first challenge bleeding parameters. FIX-deficient mice were administered a single intravenous injection of 100 IU/Kg of BeneFIX® or rFIX-CTP3. The tail vein was slightly clipped 48 hours post-dosing and bleeding intensity (hemoglobin OD) was evaluated. A second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes after reaching homeostasis, and the same parameters were measured.
FIG. 18A. Shows a second challenge bleeding parameters. Once the first bleeding described in the legend to FIG. 19 was spontaneously or manually stopped, a second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes following the first one, and the time was re-measured.
FIG. 18B. Shows a second challenge bleeding parameters. Once the first bleeding described in the legend to FIG. 19 was spontaneously or manually stopped, a second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes following the first one, and the time was re-measured.
FIG. 18C. Shows a second challenge bleeding parameters. Once the first bleeding described in the legend to FIG. 19 was spontaneously or manually stopped, a second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes following the first one, and the bleeding intensity was re-measured.
FIG. 18D. Shows a second challenge bleeding parameters. Once the first bleeding described in the legend to FIG. 19 was spontaneously or manually stopped, a second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes following the first one, and the bleeding intensity was re-measured.
FIG. 19A. Shows a diagram illustrating the rFVII-CTP construct.
FIG. 19B. Shows a diagram illustrating the rFVII-CTP-CTP construct.
FIG. 19C. Shows a diagram illustrating the rFIX-CTP construct.
FIG. 19D. Shows a diagram illustrating the rFIX-CTP-CTP construct.
FIG. 20A. Shows a bar graph showing harvests limited diluted clone transfected and selected cells with FVII-CTP variants in the presence of 5 μg/ml of Vitamin K3. The level of FVII was quantified using FVII ELISA (AssayPro).
FIG. 20B. Shows a bar graph showing harvests of limited diluted transfected and selected cells with FVII-CTP variants in the presence of 5 μg of Vitamin K3.activity. FVII activity was quantified using FVII chromogenic activity assay (AssayPro).
FIG. 20C. Shows a bar graph showing harvests of limited diluted transfected and selected cells with FVII-CTP variants in the presence of 5 μg of Vitamin K3. The specific activity of FVII was calculated for each version by dividing the activity value by the harvest FVII concentration.
FIG. 20D. Shows a graph showing PK profile of FVII, FVII-CTP-CTP, and FVII-CTP harvests.
FIG. 21A. Shows western blots of FVII fused to three, four and five CTPs, detected using anti-FVII, anti-CTP, and anti-gamma carboxylation antibodies. FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 harvests were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel (expedeon) using Precision plus dual color protein marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was performed by Western immunoblot using anti-FVII.
FIG. 21B. Shows western blots of FVII fused to three, four and five CTPs, detected using anti-FVII, anti-CTP, and anti-gamma carboxylation antibodies. FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 harvests were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel (expedeon) using Precision plus dual color protein marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was performed by Western immunoblot using anti-CTP polyclonal Ab (Adar Biotech Production).
FIG. 21C. Shows western blots of FVII fused to three, four and five CTPs, detected using anti-FVII, anti-CTP, and anti-gamma carboxylation antibodies. FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 harvests were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel (expedeon) using Precision plus dual color protein marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was performed by Western immunoblot using anti-Gla Ab (American Diagnostica).
FIG. 22. Shows the FVII Activity—Chromogenic activity. A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of HA purified (highly gamma carboxylated fraction) FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 versus normal human pool plasma was performed using a commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221304). All samples were serially diluted and the potency was assessed by comparing a dose response curve to a reference preparation consisting of normal human plasma.
FIG. 23. Shows a first comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) profile-FVII 3, 4 and 5 CTPs. FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 (Group A, B and C, respectively) were administered in a single intravenous injection to Sprague Dawley rats (six rats per treatment) in a dose of 250 μg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally from 3 rats alternately at 0.083, 0.5 2, 5, 8, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post dosing. Citrated plasma (0.38%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis. FVII-CTP5 demonstrated a superior profile as compared to the two other versions.
FIG. 24. Shows a second comparative PK profile-FVII 3, 4 and 5 CTPs. FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 following FVII selection and the HA purification process (Group A, B and C, respectively) were administered in a single intravenous injection to Sprague Dawley rats (three rats per substance) in a dose of 29.45 μg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn retro-orbital at 0.083, 0.5 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing. Citrated plasma (0.38%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis.
FIG. 25A. Shows a schematic diagram of FVII-CTP3 purification process. Batch 31 was produced for the PK/PD study.
FIG. 25B. Shows a schematic diagram of FVII-CTP3 purification process. Batch 38 was produced for the survival study.
FIG. 26A. Shows an SDS-PAGE and Western blot of Final FVII and FVIIa. 10 μg (Batch 31) or 5 μg (Batch 38) were loaded in each lane of Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE. 1. FVII-CTP3 polypeptide; 2. Heavy chain, including 3×CTP; 3. Light Chain. All three antibodies detect FVII.
FIG. 26B. Shows an SDS-PAGE and Western blot of Final FVII and FVIIa. 10 μg (Batch 31) or 5 μg (Batch 38) were loaded in each lane of Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE 1. FVII-CTP3 polypeptide; 2. Heavy chain, including 3×CTP; 3. Light Chain.
FIG. 26C. Shows an SDS-PAGE and Western blot of Final FVII and FVIIa. 10 μg (Batch 31) or 5 μg (Batch 38) were loaded in each lane of Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE 1. FVII-CTP3 polypeptide; 2. Heavy chain, including 3×CTP; 3. Light Chain.
FIG. 26D. Shows an SDS-PAGE and Western blot of Final FVII and FVIIa. 10 μg (Batch 31) or 5 μg (Batch 38) were loaded in each lane of Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE 1. FVII-CTP3 polypeptide; 2. Heavy chain, including 3×CTP; 3. Light Chain.
FIG. 26E. Shows an SDS-PAGE and Western blot of Final FVII and FVIIa. 10 μg (Batch 31) or 5 μg (Batch 38) were loaded in each lane of Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE 1. FVII-CTP3 polypeptide; 2. Heavy chain, including 3×CTP; 3. Light Chain.
FIG. 26F. Shows an SDS-PAGE and Western blot of Final FVII and FVIIa. 1 μg protein was loaded in each lane of Western blot. 1. FVII-CTP3 polypeptide; 2. Heavy chain, including 3×CTP; 3. Light Chain. All three antibodies detect FVII. FVIIa light chain is detected with both α-FVII.
FIG. 26G. Shows an SDS-PAGE and Western blot of Final FVII and FVIIa. 1 μg protein was loaded in each lane of Western blot. 1. FVII-CTP3 polypeptide; 2. Heavy chain, including 3×CTP; 3. Light Chain. All three antibodies detect FVII. FVIIa heavy chain was detected by α-CTP.
FIG. 26H. Shows an SDS-PAGE and Western blot of Final FVII and FVIIa. 1 μg protein was loaded in each lane of Western blot. 1. FVII-CTP3 polypeptide; 2. Heavy chain, including 3×CTP; 3. Light Chain. All three antibodies detect FVII. FVIIa heavy chain was detected by α-Gla.
FIG. 27. Shows that FVII-CTP3 chromogenic activity is enhanced as a result of purification on ceramic hydroxyapatite (HA) column. A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of FVII-CTP3 harvest, in-process fractions, and purified FVII-CTP3 versus human pool normal plasma was performed using a commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221304). FVII-CTP3 harvest and protein were serially diluted and the potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve to a reference preparation of normal human plasma.
FIG. 28. Shows the PK profile of FVIIa-CTP3 vs. NovoSeven® in FVIII-deficient mice. FVIIa-CTP3 was produced following FVII selection, HA purification process and activation. FVIIa-CTP3 or NovoSeven® was administered in a single intravenous injection to FVIII−/− hemophilic mice. Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally at 0.083, 0.5 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing. Citrated plasma (0.38%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis, and a PK profile was established based on FVIIa clotting activity using a STACLOT commercial kit.
FIG. 29A. Shows that FVIIa-CTP3 was produced following FVII selection, HA purification process and activation. FVIIa-CTP3 or NovoSeven® was administered in a single intravenous injection to FVIII−/− hemophilic mice. Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally at 0.083, 0.5 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing. Citrated plasma (0.38%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis. Thrombin generation parameters were evaluated during the PK experiment, and parameters including maximal amount to peak was evaluated.
FIG. 29B. Shows that FVIIa-CTP3 was produced following FVII selection, HA purification process and activation. FVIIa-CTP3 or NovoSeven® was administered in a single intravenous injection to FVIII−/− hemophilic mice. Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally at 0.083, 0.5 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing. Citrated plasma (0.38%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis. Thrombin generation parameters were evaluated during the PK experiment, and parameters including amount of thrombin to time point was evaluated.
FIG. 29C. Shows that FVIIa-CTP3 was produced following FVII selection, HA purification process and activation. FVIIa-CTP3 or NovoSeven® was administered in a single intravenous injection to FVIII−/− hemophilic mice. Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally at 0.083, 0.5 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing. Citrated plasma (0.38%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis. Thrombin generation parameters were evaluated during the PK experiment, and parameters including rate of thrombin generation was evaluated.
FIG. 30A. Shows hemophilic mice survival curves post tail vain transection (TVT). TVT was performed 15 min post administration. Mice Survival was observed for 24 hours after TVT and recorded every single hour for the first 12 hours, and after 24 hours. Control group data (vehicle) is the sum of the 3 experiments with 5 mice/experiment.
FIG. 30B. Shows hemophilic mice survival curves post tail vain transection (TVT). TVT was performed 24 hours post administration. Mice Survival was observed for 24 hours after TVT and recorded every single hour for the first 12 hours, and after 24 hours. Control group data (vehicle) is the sum of the 3 experiments with 5 mice/experiment.
FIG. 30C. Shows hemophilic mice survival curves post tail vain transection (TVT). TVT was performed 48 hours post administration. Mice Survival was observed for 24 hours after TVT and recorded every single hour for the first 12 hours, and after 24 hours. Control group data (vehicle) is the sum of the 3 experiments with 5 mice/experiment.
FIG. 30D. Summarizes mouse survival as recorded 24 hours post TVT.
FIG. 31A. Shows FVII-3-CTP and FVII-5 CTP immune-blots, blotted for GLA.
FIG. 31B. Shows FVII-3-CTP and FVII-5 CTP immune-blots, blotted for FVII.
FIG. 31C. Shows FVII-3-CTP and FVII-5 CTP immune-blots, blotted for CTP.
FIG. 32. Shows a comparative PK profile-FVII 3 & 5 CTP- from select and HA column purification (FVIIS vs. FVII HA).
FIG. 33. Shows a comparative PK profile-FVII 3 & 5 CTP—The second study (IV vs. SC).
FIG. 34. Shows hemophilic mice survival curves post tail vain transection (TVT) following SC administration. TVT was performed 12 hours post administration. Mice Survival was observed for 24 hours after TVT and recorded every single hour for the first 12 hours, and after 24 hours.
FIG. 35A. Shows the PK profile of MOD-5014 vs. NovoSeven® following IV administration.
FIG. 35B. Shows the PK profile of MOD-5014 vs. NovoSeven® following SC administration.
FIG. 36. Shows the PK profile of MOD-5014 (Clone 61 #75, #81) vs. NovoSeven® following single SC administration.
FIG. 37. Shows that warfarin increases PT and aPTT values. SD-rats received 10 mg/Kg warfarin per-os, and blood samples were taken at the designated time point. Plasma was prepared and PT and aPTT values were determined.
FIG. 38. Acute effect of IV injection of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® on Warfarin treated rats.
FIG. 39. Shows the response of Warfarin treated rats to a wide range of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® doses, 24 hours post injection.
FIG. 40. Shows that MOD-5014 restored PT values to normal up to 48 hours post dosing, while the effect of NovoSeven® no longer exists after 24 hours.
FIG. 41. Shows IV injection of MOD-5014 reduce bleeding time in warfarin treated rats as compared to NovoSeven® 24 and 48 hours post injection.
FIG. 42. Shows that MOD-5014 is able to restore PT values to normal up to 48 hours post dosing, while the effect of NovoSeven® no longer exists after 24 hours
FIG. 43. Shows superiority over NovoSeven® by keeping the blood loss at low level for 48 hours after administration.
FIG. 44. Shows that Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) inhibits MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® in a similar dose-dependent manner.
FIG. 45. Shows that anti-thrombin III inhibited MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® in a similar manner.
FIG. 46. Shows the results of Factor X activation by MOD-5014 and NovoSeven®, which were almost identical.
FIG. 47. Shows the Factor X activation in the presence of TFPI (20 μg/ml to 0.002 ng/ml) by MOD-5014 and NovoSeven®, present at 0.6 ng/ml.
FIG. 48. Shows the Factor X activation in the presence of TFPI (20 μg/ml to 0.002 ng/ml) by MOD-5014 and NovoSeven®, present at 4.0 ng/ml.
FIG. 49. Shows Factor X activation in the presence of TFPI and Heparin, wherein MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® exhibited similar activation.
FIG. 50. Shows Factor X activation in the presence of anti-thrombin III, wherein MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® exhibited similar activation.
FIG. 51. Shows the Factor X activation by MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® in the presence of Heparin, wherein similar moderate inhibition was observed.
FIG. 52. Shows similar Factor X activation by MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® in the presence of anti-thrombin and heparin.
FIG. 53. Shows a MOD-5014 thrombin generation profile as compared to commercially available NovoSeven® at high phospholipid (PL) concentration.
FIG. 54. Shows a MOD-5014 peak thrombin generation profile as compared to commercially available NovoSeven® at low phospholipid (PL) concentration.
FIGS. 55A and B. Show the thromboelastography results for MOD-5014 and NovoSeven®, wherein both decreased clotting time and increased the rate of clot formation.
FIG. 56. Shows the results of NovoSeven® thrombin generation (TG) following re-calcification. (Run #1)
FIG. 57. Shows the results of MOD-5014 thrombin generation (TG) following re-calcification. (Run #1)
FIG. 58 A-E. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS) results versus MOD-5014 (PRO) TG results at similar concentrations. (A) provides results at 1.25 μg/ml. (B) provides results at 5 μg/ml. (C) provides results at 15 μg/ml. (D) provides results at 2.5 μg/ml. (E) provides results at 10 μg/ml. (Run #1)
FIG. 59 A-D. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS) results versus MOD-5014 (PRO) TG results at different concentrations. (A) shows results of NS at 1.25 μg/ml and PRO at 2.5 μg/ml. (B) shows results of NS at 5 μg/ml and PRO at 10 μg/ml (C) shows results of NS at 2.5 μg/ml and PRO at 5 μg/ml. (D) shows results of NS at 10 μg/ml and PRO at 15 μg/ml. (Run #1)
FIG. 60. Shows the results of NovoSeven® (NS) thrombin generation (TG) following re-calcification for NS at different concentrations. (Run #2)
FIG. 61. Shows the results of MOD-5014 (PRO) thrombin generation (TG) following re-calcification for PRO at different concentrations. (Run #2)
FIG. 62 A-E. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS) results versus MOD-5014 (PRO) TG results at similar concentrations. (A) provides results at 1.25 μg/ml. (B) provides results at 5 μg/ml. (C) provides results at 15 μg/ml. (D) provides results at 2.5 μg/ml. (E) provides results at 10 μg/ml. (Run #2)
FIG. 63 A-D. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS) results versus MOD-5014 (PRO) TG results at different concentrations. (A) shows results of NS at 1.25 μg/ml and PRO at 2.5 μg/ml. (B) shows results of NS at 5 μg/ml and PRO at 10 μg/ml. (C) shows results of NS at 2.5 μg/ml and PRO at 5 μg/ml. (D) shows results of NS at 10 μg/ml and PRO at 15 μg/ml. (Run #2)
FIG. 64. Shows data for TG by NovoSeven® following re-calcification at low TF concentration. (Run #1)
FIG. 65. Shows data for TG by MOD-5014 following re-calcification at low TF concentration. (Run #1)
FIG. 66 A-E. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS) results versus MOD-5014 (PRO) results at similar concentrations, following re-calcification at low TF. (A) provides results at 1.25 μg/ml. (B) provides results at 5 μg/ml. (C) provides results at 15 μg/ml. (D) provides results at 2.5 μg/ml. (E) provides results at 10 μg/ml. (Run #1)
FIG. 67. Shows data for TG by NovoSeven® following re-calcification at low TF concentration. (Run #2)
FIG. 68. Shows data for TG by MOD-5014 following re-calcification at low TF concentration. (Run #2)
FIG. 69 A-E. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS) results versus MOD-5014 (PRO) results at similar concentrations, following re-calcification at low TF. (A) provides results at 1.25 μg/ml. (B) provides results at 5 μg/ml. (C) provides results at 15 μg/ml. (D) provides results at 2.5 μg/ml. (E) provides results at 10 μg/ml. (Run #2)
FIG. 70 A-C. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS) results versus MOD-5014 (PRO) results at different concentrations, following re-calcification at low TF. (A) shows results of NS at 1.25 μg/ml and PRO at 5 μg/ml. (B) shows results of NS at 5 μg/ml and PRO at 15 μg/ml. (C) shows results of NS at 2.5 μg/ml and PRO at 10 μg/ml. (Run #2)
FIG. 71. Shows complete thrombin generation by FVIII, as a comparison for the results with NovoSeven® and MOD-5014 in the presence and absence of low TF.
FIG. 72. Provides an overlay analysis of thrombin generation by FVIII in the presence and absence of low TF.
FIG. 73. Provides an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 1.25 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 1.25 μg/kg) TG results at escalating concentrations of TF. (Run #1)
FIG. 74 A-E. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 1.25 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 1.25 μg/kg) TG results at escalating concentrations of TF. (A) provides results at 0 pM TF. (B) provides results at 1 pM TF. (C) provides results at 5 pM TF. (D) provides results at 0.5 pM TF. (E) provides results at 2.5 pM TF. (Run #1)
FIG. 75. Provides an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 2.5 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 2.5 μg/kg) TG results at escalating concentrations of TF. (Run #1)
FIG. 76 A-E. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 2.5 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 2.5 μg/kg) results at escalating concentrations of TF. (A) provides results at 0 pM TF. (B) provides results at 1 pM TF. (C) provides results at 5 pM TF. (D) provides results 0.5 pM TF. (E) provides results at 2.5 pM TF. (Run #1)
FIG. 77. Provides an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 5 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 5 μg/kg) results at escalating concentrations of TF. (Run #1)
FIG. 78 A-E. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 5 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 5 μg/kg) TG results at escalating concentrations of TF. (A) provides results at 0 pM TF. (B) provides results at 1 pM TF. (C) provides results at 5 pM TF. (D) provides results 0.5 pM TF. (E) provides results at 2.5 pM TF. (Run #1)
FIG. 79 A-C. Show a dose dependent TG response in the presence of NovoSeven® (NS) at escalating concentrations of TF. (A) provides results at 1.25 μg/kg NS. (B) provides results at 5 μg/kg NS. (C) provides results at 2.5 μg/kg NS. (Run #1)
FIG. 80 A-C. Show a dose dependent TG response in the presence of MOD-5014 (PRO) at escalating concentrations of TF. (A) provides results at 1.25 μg/kg PRO. (B) provides results at 5 μg/kg PRO. (C) provides results at 2.5 μg/kg PRO. (Run #1)
FIG. 81. Provides an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 10 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 10 μg/kg) TG results at escalating concentrations of TF. (Run #2)
FIG. 82. Provides an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 2.5 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 2.5 μg/kg) TG results at escalating concentrations of TF. (Run #2)
FIG. 83. Provides an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 5 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 5 μg/kg) results at escalating concentrations of TF. (Run #2)
FIG. 84 A-C. Show a dose dependent TG response in the presence of NovoSeven® (NS) at escalating concentrations of TF. (A) provides results at 2.5 μg/ml NS. (B) provides results at 10 μg/ml NS. (C) provides results at 5 μg/ml NS. (Run #2)
FIG. 85 A-C. Show a dose dependent TG response in the presence of MOD-5014 (PRO) at escalating concentrations of TF. (A) provides results at 2.5 μg/ml PRO. (B) provides results at 10 μg/ml PRO. (C) provides results at 5 μg/ml PRO. (Run #2)
FIG. 86 A-E. Provide an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 10 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 10 μg/kg) TG results at escalating concentrations of TF. (A) provides results at 0 pM TF. (B) provides results at 1 pM TF. (C) provides results at 5 pM TF. (D) provides results 0.5 pM TF. (E) provides results at 2.5 pM TF. (Run #2)
FIG. 87. Provides an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 2.5 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 2.5 μg/kg) TG results at escalating concentrations of TF (A) provides results at 0 pM TF. (B) provides results at 1 pM TF. (C) provides results at 5 pM TF. (D) provides results 0.5 pM TF. (E) provides results at 2.5 pM TF. (Run #2)
FIG. 88. Provides an overlay analysis of NovoSeven® (NS; 5 μg/kg) TG results versus MOD-5014 (PRO; 5 μg/kg) TG results at escalating concentrations of TF. (A) provides results at 0 pM TF. (B) provides results at 1 pM TF. (C) provides results at 5 pM TF. (D) provides results 0.5 pM TF. (E) provides results at 2.5 pM TF. (Run #2)
FIG. 89. Shows graphs of WBCT Following MOD-5014 Spiking Canine Blood.
FIG. 90. Shows a schematic Drawing of Two-compartment Pharmacokinetic Model.
FIG. 91. Provides a graph of mean Plasma MOD-5014 Concentrations vs Time Following IV Infusion in Dogs.
FIG. 92. Provides a graph of mean Plasma MOD-5014 Activity vs Time Following IV Infusion in Dogs.
FIGS. 93A-B. Show comparison data of MOD-5014 Plasma Concentration and Activity Following IV Infusion of 50 μg/kg in Dogs. FIG. 93(A) shows the results for dog P14 and FIG. 93(B) shows the results for dog N06.
FIGS. 94A-D. Show comparison data of MOD-5014 Plasma Concentration and Activity Following IV Infusion of 200 μg/kg in Dogs. FIG. 94(A) shows the results for dog Blondie;
FIG. 94(B) for dog Josie; FIG. 94(C) for dog N06; and FIG. 94(D) for dog P14.
FIGS. 95A-B. Show comparison data of MOD-5014 Plasma Concentration and Activity Following IV Infusion of 400 μg/kg in Dogs. FIG. 95(A) shows the results for dog Blondie and FIG. 95(B) shows the results for dog Josie.
FIGS. 96A-B. Show comparison data of MOD-5014 Plasma Concentration and Activity Following IV Infusion of 600 μg/kg in Dogs. FIG. 96(A) shows the results for dog N05 and FIG. 96(B) shows the results for dog Joanie.
FIGS. 97A-J. Show plots of Plasma MOD-5014 Concentrations versus Time. Points represent observed plasma concentrations and the line represents the terminal slope used to calculate T1/2. FIG. 97(A) shows the results for dog N06 after more than 30 hours; FIG. 97(B) for dog P14 after more than 30 hours; FIG. 97(C) for dog Blondie after about 50 hours; FIG. 97(D) for dog Josie after about 50 hours; FIG. 97(E) for dog N06 after almost 100 hours; FIG. 97(F) for dog P14 after almost 100 hours; FIG. 97(G) for dog Blondie after almost 100 hours; FIG. 97(H) for dog Josie after almost 100 hours; FIG. 97(I) for dog Joanie after almost 100 hours and FIG. 97(J) for dog N05 after almost 100 hours.
FIGS. 98A-J. Show plots of plasma MOD-5014 Activity versus Time. Points represent observed plasma concentrations and the line represents the terminal slope used to calculate T112. FIG. 98(A) shows the results for dog N06 after more than 30 hours; FIG. 98(B) for dog P14 after more than 30 hours; FIG. 98(C) for dog Blondie after almost 50 hours; FIG. 98(D) for dog Josie after almost 50 hours; FIG. 98(E) for dog N06 after almost 50 hours; FIG. 98(F) for dog P14 after almost 50 hours; FIG. 98(G) for dog Blondie after almost 50 hours; FIG. 98(H) for dog Josie after almost 50 hours; FIG. 98(I) for dog Joanie after almost 50 hours and FIG. 98(J) for dog N05 after almost 50 hours.
FIGS. 99A-J. Show the results of modeling—Plasma Concentrations. Points represent observed plasma concentrations and the solid line represents concentrations predicted by model. FIG. 99(A) shows the observed and predicted results for dog N06; FIG. 99(B) for dog P14; FIG. 99(C) for dog Blondie; FIG. 99(D) for dog Josie; FIG. 99(E) for dog N06 after almost 100 hours; FIG. 99(F) for dog P14 after almost 100 hours; FIG. 99(G) for dog Blondie after almost 100 hours; FIG. 99(H) for dog Josie after almost 100 hours; FIG. 99(I) for dog Joanie after almost 100 hours and FIG. 99(J) for dog N05 after almost 100 hours.
FIGS. 100A-J. Show the results of modeling—Activity. Points represent observed plasma activity and the solid line represents activity predicted by model. FIG. 100(A) shows the observed and predicted results for dog N06 after at least 32 hours; FIG. 100(B) for dog P14 after at least 32 hours; FIG. 100(C) for dog Blondie after at least 48 hours; FIG. 100(D) for dog Josie after at least 48 hours; FIG. 100(E) for dog N06 after at least 48 hours; FIG. 100(F) for dog P14 after at least 48 hours; FIG. 100(G) for dog Blondie after at least 48 hours; FIG. 100(H) for dog Josie after at least 48 hours; FIG. 100(I) for dog Joanie after at least 48 hours and FIG. 100(J) for dog N05 after at least 48 hours.
FIG. 101A-D. Show the dose-dependent change in kaolin-initiated TEG kinetics following administration of 50, 200 or 400 μg/kg MOD-5014 in dog N06. (A) shows the R-time (Reaction Time); (B) shows the K-time (time from the end of R until the clot reaches 20 mm, the speed of clot formation); (C) shows the Angle (the tangent of the curve made as the K is reached); and (D) shows the MA (Maximum Amplitude).
FIG. 102A-D. Show the dose-dependent change in kaolin-initiated TEG kinetics following administration of 50 and 200 μg/kg MOD-5014 in dog P-14. (A) shows the R-time (Reaction Time; (B) shows the K-time (time from the end of R until the clot reaches 20 mm, the speed of clot formation); (C) shows the Angle (the tangent of the curve made as the K is reached); and (D) shows the MA (Maximum Amplitude).
FIG. 103A-D. Show the dose-dependent change in kaolin-initiated TEG kinetics following administration of 200 and 400 μg/kg MOD-5014 in dog Blondie. (A) shows the R-time (Reaction Time); (B) shows the K-time (time from the end of R until the clot reaches 20 mm, the speed of clot formation); (C) shows the Angle (the tangent of the curve made as the K is reached); and (D) shows the MA (Maximum Amplitude).
FIG. 104A-D. Show the dose-dependent change in kaolin-initiated TEG kinetics following administration of 200 and 400 μg/kg MOD-5014 in dog Josie. (A) shows the R-time (Reaction Time); (B) shows the K-time (time from the end of R until the clot reaches 20 mm, the speed of clot formation); (C) shows the Angle (the tangent of the curve made as the K is reached); and (D) shows the MA (Maximum Amplitude).
FIG. 105A-D. Show the dose-dependent change in kaolin-initiated TEG kinetics following administration of 50, 200 or 400 μg/kg MOD-5014 in dog Joanie. (A) shows the R-time (Reaction Time); (B) shows the K-time (time from the end of R until the clot reaches 20 mm, the speed of clot formation); (C) shows the Angle (the tangent of the curve made as the K is reached); and (D) shows the MA (Maximum Amplitude).
FIG. 106A-D. Show the kinetics of TEG over time following MOD-5014 administration in dog NOS. (A) shows the R-time (Reaction Time); (B) shows the K-time (time from the end of RT until the clot reaches 20 mm, the speed of clot formation); (C) shows the Angle (the tangent of the curve made as the K is reached); and (D) shows the MA (Maximum Amplitude).
FIG. 107 A-D. Show the change in TEG performance following administration of 270 μg/kg of rhFVIIa (A) shows R-Time (Reaction Time). (B) shows Angle (the tangent of the curve made as the K is reached). (C) shows K-Time (time from the end of RT until the clot reaches 20 mm, the speed of clot formation). (D) shows the MA (Maximum Amplitude).
FIG. 108A-D. Show MOD-5014 extended TEG effect, representative data from an individual animal (Blondie). (A) shows R-Time (Reaction Time). (B) shows K-Time (time from the end of RT until the clot reaches 20 mm, the speed of clot formation). (C) shows the Angle (the tangent of the curve made as the K is reached). (D) shows the MA (Maximum Amplitude). Arrows in (B), (C) and (D) are pointing to MOD-5014 TEG values 4 hours post dosing.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
In one embodiment, the present invention provides long-acting coagulation factors and methods of producing and using same. In another embodiment, long-acting coagulation factors comprise a carboxy terminal peptide (CTP, also referred to as CTP unit). In another embodiment, long-acting polypeptides which comprise a coagulation factor further comprise a carboxy terminal peptide (CTP) of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG). In another embodiment, CTP acts as a protectant against the degradation of a coagulation factor. In another embodiment, CTP extends the Cmax of a coagulation factor. In another embodiment, CTP extends the Tmax of a coagulation factor. In another embodiment, CTP extends the circulatory half-life of a coagulation factor. In some embodiments, CTP enhances the potency of a coagulation factor.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of extending the biological half-life of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching one to ten CTPs to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby extending the biological half-life of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of extending the biological half-life of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching one to five CTPs to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby extending the biological half-life of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for extending the circulatory half-life of a coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for increasing the half-life of a coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for extending the half-life of a coagulation factor.
Coagulation Factor VII (FVII) is a 444 amino acid glycoprotein (50 KDa) secreted by hepatocytes into the bloodstream as an inactive pro-enzyme. Upon tissue injury and exposure to circulating blood, FVII forms a complex with Tissue Factor (TF) which is a true receptor protein to FVII and is expressed by various cells localized in the deeper layers of the vessel wall. The formation of this FVII-TF complex leads to activation of FVII. Activated FVII (FVIIa) initiates the extrinsic coagulation pathway by activating Factor IX and Factor X.
FVII belong to a group of Vitamin K-dependent glycoproteins associated with the coagulation system. Besides FVII, this group consists of Factor IX, Factor X, Protein C and prothrombin. These proteins have similar domain organizations and are synthesized as precursors with an N-terminal propeptide followed by a mature amino acid sequence. The propeptide contains a docking site for gammacarboxylase which converts glutamic acids (Glu) into gamma carboxy glutamic acids (Gla). This domain is followed by two epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domains, a connecting region (CR) and a C-terminal serine protease domain. Prior to secretion, FVII propeptide is cleaved forming a 406 amino acid single chain zymogen FVII glycoprotein. After secretion, the protein can be activated into a disulfide-linked two chain heterodimer, FVIIa, by cleavage in the CR. The plasma concentration of FVII is 10 nM and approximately 1% circulates in the active form in healthy individuals.
Factor IX (FIX) is a 415 Amino acid (55 KDa) glycoprotein; it belongs to a group of vitamin K dependent glycoproteins associated with the coagulation system. FIX has a similar domain organization as factor FVII, Factor X, Protein C and prothrombin that are synthesized as precursors with an N-terminal propeptide followed by a mature amino acid sequence.
FIX is secreted as a single chain molecule that undergoes complex post-transcriptional modifications, many of which are critical to its biochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Among all the post-transcriptional modifications, 12 glutamic acid residues near the amino terminus of FIX that are gamma carboxylated by the vitamin K-dependent gamma carboxylase are the most crucial ones. Carboxylation is required for the interaction of FIX with the phospholipid surfaces and for optimal FIX activity. The amino terminus propeptide serves as a recognition site for the gamma carboxylase and thus, following gamma carboxylation, it is cleaved off by the Golgi apparatus serine protease known as Paired basic Amino acid Cleave Enzyme (PACE/Furin). Four additional post-transcriptional modifications might occur at the Golgi apparatus: sulfation of tyrosine 155, phosphorylation of serine 158, O-glycosylation on Ser 63 and on 61 and finally, N-glycosylation on Asn 157 and 16, but were shown not to be necessary for proper activity of FIX.
FIX circulates in the plasma (average concentration of 5 μg/ml) as a single chain inactive zymogen. Upon proteolytic cleavage at two peptide bonds: Arg 145 and Arg 180 by either one or two physiological activators, FVIIa-TF complex or FIXa, the activation peptide is removed, converting FIX to a fully active enzyme consisting of a light and heavy chain held together by a single disulfide bond. The N-terminal light chain contains the non-catalytic gamma carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) and two epidermal growth factor-like domains, while the C-terminal heavy chain contains the trypsin-like catalytic domain of the molecule. FIXa alone is characterized by poor catalytic activity. However when complexed with FVIII, its proteolytic activity increase by 4-5 orders of magnitude towards its natural substrate FX.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of extending the biological half-life or a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching one to ten CTPs to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby extending the biological half-life or improving the AUC of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of extending the biological half-life or a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching one to five CTPs to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby extending the biological half-life or improving the AUC of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of extending the biological half-life or a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of FIX, comprising the step of attaching one to five CTPs to the carboxy terminus of the FIX, thereby extending the biological half-life or improving the AUC of the FIX. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of extending the biological half-life or a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of FVII or FVIIa, comprising the step of attaching one to five CTPs to the carboxy terminus of FVII or FVIIa, thereby extending the biological half-life or improving the AUC of FVII or FVIIa.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of extending the biological half-life of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby extending the biological half-life of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a method of extending the biological half-life of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching up to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby extending the biological half-life of said FVIIa polypeptide. In one embodiment, three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) are attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide. In another embodiment, four chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) are attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide. In another embodiment, five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) are attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby improving the AUC of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching up to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby improving the AUC of said FVIIa polypeptide. In one embodiment, three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) are attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide. In another embodiment, four chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) are attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide. In another embodiment, five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) are attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, a coagulation factor of the invention is a protein. In another embodiment, a coagulation factor of the invention is a peptide. In another embodiment, a coagulation factor of the invention is a polypeptide. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is an enzyme. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a serine protease. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a glycoprotein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a transglutaminase. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is an inactive zymogen. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is any coagulation factor known to one of skill in the art.
In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor VIII (FVIII). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor V (FV). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor XIII (FXIII). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor X (FX). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is fibrin.
In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor VIIa (FVIIa). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor VII (FVII). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor IX (FIX). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor X (FX). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor XIa (FXIa). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor XII (FXII). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor Xa (FXa). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor Va (FVa). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is prothrombin. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is thrombin. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor XI (FXI). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Von Willebrand factor (vWF). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor VIIIa (FVIIIa). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is B-deleted Domain FVIII (FVIIIBDD). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is B domain-deleted FVIII (FVIIIBDD). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Beta domain-deleted FVIII (FVIIIBDD). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor IXa (FIXa). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is prekallikrein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is kallikrein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor XIIa (FXIIa). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Fibrinogen. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is thrombomodulin. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is Factor II (FII).
In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a glycoprotein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a vitamin K-independent glycoprotein.
In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant protein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant glycoprotein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant glycoprotein FV. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FVI. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FVII. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FVIII. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FIX. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FX. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FXI. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FXII. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FvW. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FII. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FIXa. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FXIa. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant fibrin. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FVIIa. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FXa. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FVa. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant prothrombin. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant thrombin. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FVIIIa. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant prekallikrein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant kallikrein. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a recombinant FXIIa. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is any known recombinant coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor comprising a signal peptide is any known recombinant coagulation factor.
In another embodiment, a coagulation factor comprises 1-10 CTP repeats attached to the C-terminus and no CTPs attached to the N-terminus. In another embodiment, a coagulation factor comprises at least one CTP attached to the C-terminus and no CTPs attached to the N-terminus. In another embodiment, a coagulation factor comprising 1-10 CTP repeats attached to the C-terminus and no CTPs attached to the N-terminus is an engineered coagulation factor. In another embodiment, a coagulation factor comprising at least one CTP attached to the C-terminus and no CTPs attached to the N-terminus is an engineered coagulation factor. In another embodiment, a coagulation factor comprising 1-10 CTP repeats attached to the C-terminus and no CTPs attached to the N-terminus is a conjugated coagulation factor. In another embodiment, a coagulation factor comprising at least one CTP attached to the C-terminus and no CTPs attached to the N-terminus is a conjugated coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide consisting of a FIX polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said CTP-modified FIX polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide consisting of a FVIIa polypeptide and five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa.
In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is a coagulation factor comprising a domain organization similar or identical to the domain organization of FIX, FVII, Factor X, Protein C, or prothrombin. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is synthesized as a precursor with an N-terminal propeptide. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor as used herein is in an inactive pro-enzyme form. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is produced in hepatocytes. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor comprises a docking site for gammacarboxylase which converts glutamic acids (Glu) into gamma carboxy glutamic acids (Gla). In another embodiment, the coagulation factor as used herein is a commercially available coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor VII comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 11)







ctcgaggacatggtctcccaggccctcaggctcctctgccttctgcttg


 


ggcttcagggctgcctggctgcagtcttcgtaacccaggaggaagccca


 


cggcgtcctgcaccggcgccggcgcgccaacgcgttcctggaggagctg


 


cggccgggctccctggagagggagtgcaaggaggagcagtgctccttcg


 


aggaggcccgggagatcttcaaggacgcggagaggacgaagctgttctg


 


gatttcttacagtgatggggaccagtgtgcctcaagtccatgccagaat


 


gggggctcctgcaaggaccagctccagtcctatatctgcttctgcctcc


 


ctgccttcgagggccggaactgtgagacgcacaaggatgaccagctgat


 


ctgtgtgaacgagaacggcggctgtgagcagtactgcagtgaccacacg


 


ggcaccaagcgctcctgtcggtgccacgaggggtactctctgctggcag


 


acggggtgtcctgcacacccacagttgaatatccatgtggaaaaatacc


 


tattctagaaaaaagaaatgccagcaaaccccaaggccgaattgtgggg


 


ggcaaggtgtgccccaaaggggagtgtccatggcaggtcctgttgttgg


 


tgaatggagctcagttgtgtggggggaccctgatcaacaccatctgggt


 


ggtctccgcggcccactgtttcgacaaaatcaagaactggaggaacctg


 


atcgcggtgctgggcgagcacgacctcagcgagcacgacggggatgagc


 


agagccggcgggtggcgcaggtcatcatccccagcacgtacgtcccggg


 


caccaccaaccacgacatcgcgctgctccgcctgcaccagcccgtggtc


 


ctcactgaccatgtggtgcccctctgcctgcccgaacggacgttctctg


 


agaggacgctggccttcgtgcgcttctcattggtcagcggctggggcca


 


gctgctggaccgtggcgccacggccctggagctcatggtcctcaacgtg


 


ccccggctgatgacccaggactgcctgcagcagtcacggaaggtgggag


 


actccccaaatatcacggagtacatgttctgtgccggctactcggatgg


 


cagcaaggactcctgcaagggggacagtggaggcccacatgccacccac


 


taccggggcacgtggtacctgacgggcatcgtcagctggggccagggct


 


gcgcaaccgtgggccactttggggtgtacaccagggtctcccagtacat


 


cgagtggctgcaaaagctcatgcgctcagagccacgcccaggagtcctc


 


ctgcgagccccatttccctgaggatgcggccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor VII comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 9)







MVSQALRLLCLLLGLQGCLAAVFVTQEEAHGVLHRRRRANAFLEELRPG


 


SLERECKEEQCSFEEAREIFKDAERTKLFWISYSDGDQCASSPCQNGGS


 


CKDQLQSYICFCLPAFEGRNCETHKDDQLICVNENGGCEQYCSDHTGTK


 


RSCRCHEGYSLLADGVSCTPTVEYPCGKIPILEKRNASKPQGRIVGGKV


 


CPKGECPWQVLLLVNGAQLCGGTLINTIWVVSAAHCFDKIKNWRNLIAV


 


LGEHDLSEHDGDEQSRRVAQVIIPSTYVPGTTNHDIALLRLHQPVVLTD


 


HVVPLCLPERTFSERTLAFVRFSLVSGWGQLLDRGATALELMVLNVPRL


 


MTQDCLQQSRKVGDSPNITEYMFCAGYSDGSKDSCKGDSGGPHATHYRG


 


TWYLTGIVSWGQGCATVGHFGVYTRVSQYIEWLQKLMRSEPRPGVLLRA


 


PFP.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor VII comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 10)







MVSQALRLLCLLLGLQGCLAAVFVTQEEAHGVLHRRRRANAFLEELRPG


 


SLERECKEEQCSFEEAREIFKDAERTKLFWISYSDGDQCASSPCQNGGS


 


CKDQLQSYICFCLPAFEGRNCETHKDDQLICVNENGGCEQYCSDHTGTK


 


RSCRCHEGYSLLADGVSCTPTVEYPCGKIPILEKRNASKPQGRIVGGKV


 


CPKGECPWQVLLLVNGAQLCGGTLINTIWVVSAAHCFDKIKNWRNLIAV


 


LGEHDLSEHDGDEQSRRVAQVIIPSTYVPGTTNHDIALLRLHQPVVLTD


 


HVVPLCLPERTFSERTLAFVRFSLVSGWGQLLDRGATALELMVLNVPRL


 


MTQDCLQQSRKVGDSPNITEYMFCAGYSDGSKDSCKGDSGGPHATHYRG


 


TWYLTGIVSWGQGCATVGHFGVYTRVSQYIEWLQKLMRSEPRPGVLLRA


 


PFP*GCGR.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor VII-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 12)







ctcgaggacatggtctcccaggccctcaggctcctctgccttctgcttg


 


ggcttcagggctgcctggctgcagtcttcgtaacccaggaggaagccca


 


cggcgtcctgcaccggcgccggcgcgccaacgcgttcctggaggagctg


 


cggccgggctccctggagagggagtgcaaggaggagcagtgctccttcg


 


aggaggcccgggagatcttcaaggacgcggagaggacgaagctgttctg


 


gatttcttacagtgatggggaccagtgtgcctcaagtccatgccagaat


 


gggggctcctgcaaggaccagctccagtcctatatctgcttctgcctcc


 


ctgccttcgagggccggaactgtgagacgcacaaggatgaccagctgat


 


ctgtgtgaacgagaacggcggctgtgagcagtactgcagtgaccacacg


 


ggcaccaagcgctcctgtcggtgccacgaggggtactctctgctggcag


 


acggggtgtcctgcacacccacagttgaatatccatgtggaaaaatacc


 


tattctagaaaaaagaaatgccagcaaaccccaaggccgaattgtgggg


 


ggcaaggtgtgccccaaaggggagtgtccatggcaggtcctgttgttgg


 


tgaatggagctcagttgtgtggggggaccctgatcaacaccatctgggt


 


ggtctccgcggcccactgtttcgacaaaatcaagaactggaggaacctg


 


atcgcggtgctgggcgagcacgacctcagcgagcacgacggggatgagc


 


agagccggcgggtggcgcaggtcatcatccccagcacgtacgtcccggg


 


caccaccaaccacgacatcgcgctgctccgcctgcaccagcccgtggtc


 


ctcactgaccatgtggtgcccctctgcctgcccgaacggacgttctctg


 


agaggacgctggccttcgtgcgcttctcattggtcagcggctggggcca


 


gctgctggaccgtggcgccacggccctggagctcatggtcctcaacgtg


 


ccccggctgatgacccaggactgcctgcagcagtcacggaaggtgggag


 


actccccaaatatcacggagtacatgttctgtgccggctactcggatgg


 


cagcaaggactcctgcaagggggacagtggaggcccacatgccacccac


 


taccggggcacgtggtacctgaccggcatcgtgagctggggccagggct


 


gcgccaccgtgggccacttcggcgtgtacaccagggtgtcccagtacat


 


cgagtggctgcagaaactgatgagaagcgagcccagacccggcgtgctg


 


ctgagagcccccttccccagcagcagctccaaggcccctccccctagcc


 


tgcccagccctagcagactgcctgggcccagcgacacccccatcctgcc


 


ccagtgaggatccgcggccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor VII-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 13)







MVSQALRLLCLLLGLQGCLAAVFVTQEEAHGVLHRRRRANAFLEELRPG


 


SLERECKEEQCSFEEAREIFKDAERTKLFWISYSDGDQCASSPCQNGGS


 


CKDQLQSYICFCLPAFEGRNCETHKDDQLICVNENGGCEQYCSDHTGTK


 


RSCRCHEGYSLLADGVSCTPTVEYPCGKIPILEKRNASKPQGRTVGGKV


 


CPKGECPWQVLLLVNGAQLCGGTLINTTWVVSAAHCFDKIKNWRNLIAV


 


LGEHDLSEHDGDEQSRRVAQVIIPSTYVPGTTNHDIALLRLHQPVVLTD


 


HVVPLCLPERTFSERTLAFVRFSLVSGWGQLLDRGATALELMVLNVPRL


 


MTQDCLQQSRKVGDSPNITEYMFCAGYSDGSKDSCKGDSGGPHATHYRG


 


TWYLTGIVSWGQGCATVGHFGVYTRVSQYIEWLQKLMRSEPRPGVLLRA


 


PFPSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ*.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor VII-CTP-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 14)







ctcgaggacatggtctcccaggccctcaggctcctctgccttctgcttg


 


ggcttcagggctgcctggctgcagtcttcgtaacccaggaggaagccca


 


cggcgtcctgcaccggcgccggcgcgccaacgcgttcctggaggagctg


 


cggccgggctccctggagagggagtgcaaggaggagcagtgctccttcg


 


aggaggcccgggagatcttcaaggacgcggagaggacgaagctgttctg


 


gatttcttacagtgatggggaccagtgtgcctcaagtccatgccagaat


 


gggggctcctgcaaggaccagctccagtcctatatctgcttctgcctcc


 


ctgccttcgagggccggaactgtgagacgcacaaggatgaccagctgat


 


ctgtgtgaacgagaacggcggctgtgagcagtactgcagtgaccacacg


 


ggcaccaagcgctcctgtcggtgccacgaggggtactctctgctggcag


 


acggggtgtcctgcacacccacagttgaatatccatgtggaaaaatacc


 


tattctagaaaaaagaaatgccagcaaaccccaaggccgaattgtgggg


 


ggcaaggtgtgccccaaaggggagtgtccatggcaggtcctgttgttgg


 


tgaatggagctcagttgtgtggggggaccctgatcaacaccatctgggt


 


ggtctccgcggcccactgtttcgacaaaatcaagaactggaggaacctg


 


atcgcggtgctgggcgagcacgacctcagcgagcacgacggggatgagc


 


agagccggcgggtggcgcaggtcatcatccccagcacgtacgtcccggg


 


caccaccaaccacgacatcgcgctgctccgcctgcaccagcccgtggtc


 


ctcactgaccatgtggtgcccctctgcctgcccgaacggacgttctctg


 


agaggacgctggccttcgtgcgcttctcattggtcagcggctggggcca


 


gctgctggaccgtggcgccacggccctggagctcatggtcctcaacgtg


 


ccccggctgatgacccaggactgcctgcagcagtcacggaaggtgggag


 


actccccaaatatcacggagtacatgttctgtgccggctactcggatgg


 


cagcaaggactcctgcaagggggacagtggaggcccacatgccacccac


 


taccggggcacgtggtacctgaccggcatcgtgagctggggccagggct


 


gcgccaccgtgggccacttcggcgtgtacaccagggtgtcccagtacat


 


cgagtggctgcagaaactgatgagaagcgagcccagacccggcgtgctg


 


ctgagagcccccttccccagcagcagctccaaggcccctccccctagcc


 


tgcccagccctagcagactgcctgggccctccgacacaccaatcctgcc


 


acagagcagctcctctaaggcccctcctccatccctgccatccccctcc


 


cggctgccaggcccctctgacacccctatcctgcctcagtgatgaaggt


 


ctggatccgcggccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor VII-CTP-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 15)







MVSQALRLLCLLLGLQGCLAAVFVTQEEAHGVLHRRRRANAFLEELRPG


 


SLERECKEEQCSFEEAREIFKDAERTKLFWISYSDGDQCASSPCQNGGS


 


CKDQLQSYICFCLPAFEGRNCETHKDDQLICVNENGGCEQYCSDHTGTK


 


RSCRCHEGYSLLADGVSCTPTVEYPCGKIPILEKRNASKPQGRTVGGKV


 


CPKGECPWQVLLLVNGAQLCGGTLINTTWVVSAAHCFDKIKNWRNLIAV


 


LGEHDLSEHDGDEQSRRVAQVIIPSTYVPGTTNHDIALLRLHQPVVLTD


 


HVVPLCLPERTFSERTLAFVRFSLVSGWGQLLDRGATALELMVLNVPRL


 


MTQDCLQQSRKVGDSPNITEYMFCAGYSDGSKDSCKGDSGGPHATHYRG


 


TWYLTGIVSWGQGCATVGHFGVYTRVSQYIEWLQKLMRSEPRPGVLLRA


 


PFPSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLP


 


GPSDTPILPQ**.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor VII-CTP-CTP-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 24)







ctcgaggacatggtctcccaggccctcaggctcctctgccttctgcttg


 


ggcttcagggctgcctggctgcagtcttcgtaacccaggaggaagccca


 


cggcgtcctgcaccggcgccggcgcgccaacgcgttcctggaggagctg


 


cggccgggctccctggagagggagtgcaaggaggagcagtgctccttcg


 


aggaggcccgggagatcttcaaggacgcggagaggacgaagctgttctg


 


gatttcttacagtgatggggaccagtgtgcctcaagtccatgccagaat


 


gggggctcctgcaaggaccagctccagtcctatatctgcttctgcctcc


 


ctgccttcgagggccggaactgtgagacgcacaaggatgaccagctgat


 


ctgtgtgaacgagaacggcggctgtgagcagtactgcagtgaccacacg


 


ggcaccaagcgctcctgtcggtgccacgaggggtactctctgctggcag


 


acggggtgtcctgcacacccacagttgaatatccatgtggaaaaatacc


 


tattctagaaaaaagaaatgccagcaaaccccaaggccgaattgtgggg


 


ggcaaggtgtgccccaaaggggagtgtccatggcaggtcctgttgttgg


 


tgaatggagctcagttgtgtggggggaccctgatcaacaccatctgggt


 


ggtctccgcggcccactgtttcgacaaaatcaagaactggaggaacctg


 


atcgcggtgctgggcgagcacgacctcagcgagcacgacggggatgagc


 


agagccggcgggtggcgcaggtcatcatccccagcacgtacgtcccggg


 


caccaccaaccacgacatcgcgctgctccgcctgcaccagcccgtggtc


 


ctcactgaccatgtggtgcccctctgcctgcccgaacggacgttctctg


 


agaggacgctggccttcgtgcgcttctcattggtcagcggctggggcca


 


gctgctggaccgtggcgccacggccctggagctcatggtcctcaacgtg


 


ccccggctgatgacccaggactgcctgcagcagtcacggaaggtgggag


 


actccccaaatatcacggagtacatgttctgtgccggctactcggatgg


 


cagcaaggactcctgcaagggggacagtggaggcccacatgccacccac


 


taccggggcacgtggtacctgaccggcatcgtgagctggggccagggct


 


gcgccaccgtgggccacttcggcgtgtacaccagggtgtcccagtacat


 


cgagtggctgcagaaactgatgagaagcgagcccagacccggcgtgctg


 


ctgagagcccccttccccagcagcagctccaaggcccctccccctagcc


 


tgcccagccctagcagactgcctgggcccagtgacacccctatcctgcc


 


tcagtccagctccagcaaggccccaccccctagcctgccttctccttct


 


cggctgcctggccccagcgatactccaattctgccccagtcctccagca


 


gtaaggctccccctccatctctgccatcccccagcagactgccaggccc


 


ttctgatacacccatcctcccacagtgatgaggatccgcggccgcttaa


 


ttaa.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor VII-CTP-CTP-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 25)







MVSQALRLLCLLLGLQGCLAAVFVTQEEAHGVLHRRRRANAFLEELRPG


 


SLERECKEEQCSFEEAREIFKDAERTKLFWISYSDGDQCASSPCQNGGS


 


CKDQLQSYICFCLPAFEGRNCETHKDDQLICVNENGGCEQYCSDHTGTK


 


RSCRCHEGYSLLADGVSCTPTVEYPCGKIPILEKRNASKPQGRTVGGKV


 


CPKGECPWQVLLLVNGAQLCGGTLINTTWVVSAAHCFDKIKNWRNLIAV


 


LGEHDLSEHDGDEQSRRVAQVIIPSTYVPGTTNHDIALLRLHQPVVLTD


 


HVVPLCLPERTFSERTLAFVRFSLVSGWGQLLDRGATALELMVLNVPRL


 


MTQDCLQQSRKVGDSPNITEYMFCAGYSDGSKDSCKGDSGGPHATHYRG


 


TWYLTGIVSWGQGCATVGHFGVYTRVSQYIEWLQKLMRSEPRPGVLLRA


 


PFPSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLP


 


GPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ**.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor VII-(CTP)4 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 26)







ctcgaggacatggtctcccaggccctcaggctcctctgccttctgcttg


 


ggcttcagggctgcctggctgcagtcttcgtaacccaggaggaagccca


 


cggcgtcctgcaccggcgccggcgcgccaacgcgttcctggaggagctg


 


cggccgggctccctggagagggagtgcaaggaggagcagtgctccttcg


 


aggaggcccgggagatcttcaaggacgcggagaggacgaagctgttctg


 


gatttcttacagtgatggggaccagtgtgcctcaagtccatgccagaat


 


gggggctcctgcaaggaccagctccagtcctatatctgcttctgcctcc


 


ctgccttcgagggccggaactgtgagacgcacaaggatgaccagctgat


 


ctgtgtgaacgagaacggcggctgtgagcagtactgcagtgaccacacg


 


ggcaccaagcgctcctgtcggtgccacgaggggtactctctgctggcag


 


acggggtgtcctgcacacccacagttgaatatccatgtggaaaaatacc


 


tattctagaaaaaagaaatgccagcaaaccccaaggccgaattgtgggg


 


ggcaaggtgtgccccaaaggggagtgtccatggcaggtcctgttgttgg


 


tgaatggagctcagttgtgtggggggaccctgatcaacaccatctgggt


 


ggtctccgcggcccactgtttcgacaaaatcaagaactggaggaacctg


 


atcgcggtgctgggcgagcacgacctcagcgagcacgacggggatgagc


 


agagccggcgggtggcgcaggtcatcatccccagcacgtacgtcccggg


 


caccaccaaccacgacatcgcgctgctccgcctgcaccagcccgtggtc


 


ctcactgaccatgtggtgcccctctgcctgcccgaacggacgttctctg


 


agaggacgctggccttcgtgcgcttctcattggtcagcggctggggcca


 


gctgctggaccgtggcgccacggccctggagctcatggtcctcaacgtg


 


ccccggctgatgacccaggactgcctgcagcagtcacggaaggtgggag


 


actccccaaatatcacggagtacatgttctgtgccggctactcggatgg


 


cagcaaggactcctgcaagggggacagtggaggcccacatgccacccac


 


taccggggcacgtggtacctgaccggcatcgtgagctggggccagggct


 


gcgccaccgtgggccacttcggcgtgtacaccagggtgtcccagtacat


 


cgagtggctgcagaaactgatgagaagcgagcccagacccggcgtgctg


 


ctgagagcccccttccccagcagcagctccaaggcccctccccctagcc


 


tgcccagccctagcagactgcctgggcccagtgacacccctatcctgcc


 


tcagtccagctccagcaaggccccaccccctagcctgccttctccttct


 


cggctgcctggccccagcgatactccaattctgccccagtcctccagca


 


gtaaggctccccctccatctctgccatcccccagcagactgccaggccc


 


ttctgatacacccatcctcccacagtgatgaggatccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor VII-(CTP)4 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 27)







LEDMVSQALRLLCLLLGLQGCLAAVFVTQEEAHGVLHRRRRANAFLEEL


 


RPGSLERECKEEQCSFEEAREIFKDAERTKLFWISYSDGDQCASSPCQN


 


GGSCKDQLQSYICFCLPAFEGRNCETHKDDQLICVNENGGCEQYCSDHT


 


GTKRSCRCHEGYSLLADGVSCTPTVEYPCGKIPILEKRNASKPQGRIVG


 


GKVCPKGECPWQVLLLVNGAQLCGGTLINTIWVVSAAHCFDKIKNWRNL


 


IAVLGEHDLSEHDGDEQSRRVAQVIIPSTYVPGTTNHDIALLRLHQPVV


 


LTDHVVPLCLPERTFSERTLAFVRFSLVSGWGQLLDRGATALELMVLNV


 


PRLMTQDCLQQSRKVGDSPNITEYMFCAGYSDGSKDSCKGDSGGPHATH


 


YRGTWYLTGIVSWGQGCATVGHFGVYTRVSQYIEWLQKLMRSEPRPGVL


 


LRAPFPSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPS


 


RLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ**G.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor VII-(CTP)5 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 28)







ctcgaggacatggtctcccaggccctcaggctcctctgccttctgcttg


 


ggcttcagggctgcctggctgcagtcttcgtaacccaggaggaagccca


 


cggcgtcctgcaccggcgccggcgcgccaacgcgttcctggaggagctg


 


cggccgggctccctggagagggagtgcaaggaggagcagtgctccttcg


 


aggaggcccgggagatcttcaaggacgcggagaggacgaagctgttctg


 


gatttcttacagtgatggggaccagtgtgcctcaagtccatgccagaat


 


gggggctcctgcaaggaccagctccagtcctatatctgcttctgcctcc


 


ctgccttcgagggccggaactgtgagacgcacaaggatgaccagctgat


 


ctgtgtgaacgagaacggcggctgtgagcagtactgcagtgaccacacg


 


ggcaccaagcgctcctgtcggtgccacgaggggtactctctgctggcag


 


acggggtgtcctgcacacccacagttgaatatccatgtggaaaaatacc


 


tattctagaaaaaagaaatgccagcaaaccccaaggccgaattgtgggg


 


ggcaaggtgtgccccaaaggggagtgtccatggcaggtcctgttgttgg


 


tgaatggagctcagttgtgtggggggaccctgatcaacaccatctgggt


 


ggtctccgcggcccactgtttcgacaaaatcaagaactggaggaacctg


 


atcgcggtgctgggcgagcacgacctcagcgagcacgacggggatgagc


 


agagccggcgggtggcgcaggtcatcatccccagcacgtacgtcccggg


 


caccaccaaccacgacatcgcgctgctccgcctgcaccagcccgtggtc


 


ctcactgaccatgtggtgcccctctgcctgcccgaacggacgttctctg


 


agaggacgctggccttcgtgcgcttctcattggtcagcggctggggcca


 


gctgctggaccgtggcgccacggccctggagctcatggtcctcaacgtg


 


ccccggctgatgacccaggactgcctgcagcagtcacggaaggtgggag


 


actccccaaatatcacggagtacatgttctgtgccggctactcggatgg


 


cagcaaggactcctgcaagggggacagtggaggcccacatgccacccac


 


taccggggcacgtggtacctgaccggcatcgtgagctggggccagggct


 


gcgccaccgtgggccacttcggcgtgtacaccagggtgtcccagtacat


 


cgagtggctgcagaaactgatgagaagcgagcccagacccggcgtgctg


 


ctgagagcccccttccccagcagcagctccaaggcccctccccctagcc


 


tgcccagccctagcagactgcctgggccctctgacacccctatcctgcc


 


tcagtccagctcctctaaggctccaccaccttccctgcctagcccttca


 


agactgccaggccctagcgatacaccaattctgccccagtcctccagca


 


gcaaggctcccccacctagcctgccttctccatcaaggctgcctggccc


 


atccgataccccaattttgcctcagagcagctctagcaaggcacctccc


 


cccagtctgccctctccaagcagactccctggcccttcagacactccaa


 


tcctcccacagtcctctagctctaaagctccacctcccagcctgcccag


 


ccctagtagactccccggaccttctgatacccccatcttgccccagtga


 


tgaggatccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor VII-(CTP)5 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 29)







LEDMVSQALRLLCLLLGLQGCLAAVFVTQEEAHGVLHRRRRANAFLEEL


 


RPGSLERECKEEQCSFEEAREIFKDAERTKLFWISYSDGDQCASSPCQN


 


GGSCKDQLQSYICFCLPAFEGRNCETHKDDQLICVNENGGCEQYCSDHT


 


GTKRSCRCHEGYSLLADGVSCTPTVEYPCGKIPILEKRNASKPQGRIVG


 


GKVCPKGECPWQVLLLVNGAQLCGGTLINTIWVVSAAHCFDKIKNWRNL


 


IAVLGEHDLSEHDGDEQSRRVAQVIIPSTYVPGTTNHDIALLRLHQPVV


 


LTDHVVPLCLPERTFSERTLAFVRFSLVSGWGQLLDRGATALELMVLNV


 


PRLMTQDCLQQSRKVGDSPNITEYMFCAGYSDGSKDSCKGDSGGPHATH


 


YRGTWYLTGIVSWGQGCATVGHFGVYTRVSQYIEWLQKLMRSEPRPGVL


 


LRAPFPSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPS


 


RLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPP


 


PSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILP


 


Q**GS.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor IX comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 16)







gcgatcgccatgcagcgcgtgaacatgatcatggcagaatcaccaggcc


 


tcatcaccattgccttttaggatatctactcagtgctgaatgtacagtt


 


tttcttgatcatgaaaacgccaacaaaattctgaatcggccaaagaggt


 


ataattcaggtaaattggaagagtttgttcaagggaaccttgagagaga


 


atgtatggaagaaaagtgtagttttgaagaagcacgagaagtttttgaa


 


aacactgaaagaacaactgaattttggaagcagtatgttgatggagatc


 


agtgtgagtccaatccatgtttaaatggcggcagttgcaaggatgacat


 


taattcctatgaatgttggtgtccctttggatttgaaggaaagaactgt


 


gaattagatgtaacatgtaacattaagaatggcagatgcgagcagtttt


 


gtaaaaatagtgctgataacaaggtggtttgctcctgtactgagggata


 


tcgacttgcagaaaaccagaagtcctgtgaaccagcagtgccatttcca


 


tgtggaagagtttctgtttcacaaacttctaagctcacccgtgctgaga


 


ctgtttttcctgatgtggactatgtaaattctactgaagctgaaaccat


 


tttggataacatcactcaaagcacccaatcatttaatgacttcactcga


 


gttgttggtggagaagatgccaaaccaggtcaattcccttggcaggttg


 


ttttgaatggtaaagttgatgcattctgtggaggctctatcgttaatga


 


aaaatggattgtaactgctgcccactgtgttgaaactggtgttaaaatt


 


acagttgtcgcaggtgaacataatattgaggagacagaacatacagagc


 


aaaagcgaaatgtgattcgaattattcctcaccacaactacaatgcagc


 


tattaataagtacaaccatgacattgcccttctggaactggacgaaccc


 


ttagtgctaaacagctacgttacacctatttgcattgctgacaaggaat


 


acacgaacatcttcctcaaatttggatctggctatgtaagtggctgggg


 


aagagtcttccacaaagggagatcagctttagttctccagtaccttaga


 


gttccacttgttgaccgagccacatgtcttcgatctacaaagttcacca


 


tctataacaacatgttctgtgctggcttccatgaaggaggtagagattc


 


atgtcaaggagatagtgggggaccccatgttactgaagtggaagggacc


 


agtttcttaactggaattattagctggggtgaagagtgtgcaatgaaag


 


gcaaatatggaatatataccaaggtatcccggtatgtcaactggattaa


 


ggaaaaaacaaagctcacttgaacgcggccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor IX comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 17)







MQRVNMPMAESPGLITICLLGYLLSAECTVFLDHENANKILNRPKRYNS


 


GKLEEFVQGNLERECMEEKCSFEEAREVFENTERTTEFWKQYVDGDQCE


 


SNPCLNGGSCKDDINSYECWCPFGFEGKNCELDVTCNIKNGRCEQFCKN


 


SADNKVVCSCTEGYRLAENQKSCEPAVPFPCGRVSVSQTSKLTRAETVF


 


PDVDYVNSTEAETILDNITQSTQSFNDFTRVVGGEDAKPGQFPWQVVLN


 


GKVDAFCGGSIVNEKWIVTAAHCVETGVKITVVAGEHNIEETEHTEQKR


 


NVIRIIPHHNYNAAINKYNHDIALLELDEPLVLNSYVTPICIADKEYTN


 


IFLKFGSGYVSGWGRVFHKGRSALVLQYLRVPLVDRATCLRSTKFTIYN


 


NMFCAGFHEGGRDSCQGDSGGPHVTEVEGTSFLTGIISWGEECAMKGKY


 


GIYTKVSRYVNWIKEKTKLT*.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor IX-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 18)







gcgatcgccatgcagcgcgtgaacatgatcatggcagaatcaccaggcct


 


catcaccatctgccttttaggatatctactcagtgctgaatgtacagttt


 


ttcttgatcatgaaaacgccaacaaaattctgaatcggccaaagaggtat


 


aattcaggtaaattggaagagtttgttcaagggaaccttgagagagaatg


 


tatggaagaaaagtgtagttttgaagaagcacgagaagtttttgaaaaca


 


ctgaaagaacaactgaattttggaagcagtatgttgatggagatcagtgt


 


gagtccaatccatgtttaaatggcggcagttgcaaggatgacattaattc


 


ctatgaatgttggtgtccctttggatttgaaggaaagaactgtgaattag


 


atgtaacatgtaacattaagaatggcagatgcgagcagttttgtaaaaat


 


agtgctgataacaaggtggtttgctcctgtactgagggatatcgacttgc


 


agaaaaccagaagtcctgtgaaccagcagtgccatttccatgtggaagag


 


tttctgtttcacaaacttctaagctcacccgtgctgagactgtttttcct


 


gatgtggactatgtaaattctactgaagctgaaaccattttggataacat


 


cactcaaagcacccaatcatttaatgacttcactcgagttgttggtggag


 


aagatgccaaaccaggtcaattcccttggcaggttgttttgaatggtaaa


 


gttgatgcattctgtggaggctctatcgttaatgaaaaatggattgtaac


 


tgctgcccactgtgttgaaactggtgttaaaattacagttgtcgcaggtg


 


aacataatattgaggagacagaacatacagagcaaaagcgaaatgtgatt


 


cgaattattcctcaccacaactacaatgcagctattaataagtacaacca


 


tgacattgcccttctggaactggacgaacccttagtgctaaacagctacg


 


ttacacctatttgcattgctgacaaggaatacacgaacatcttcctcaaa


 


tttggatctggctatgtaagtggctggggaagagtcttccacaaagggag


 


atcagctttagttcttcagtaccttagagttccacttgttgaccgagcca


 


catgtcttcgatctacaaagttcaccatctataacaacatgttctgtgct


 


ggcttccatgaaggaggtagagattcatgtcaaggagatagtgggggacc


 


ccatgttactgaagtggaagggaccagtttcttaactggaattattagct


 


ggggtgaagagtgtgcaatgaaaggcaaatatggaatatataccaaggta


 


tcccggtatgtcaactggattaaggaaaaaacaaagctcactagctccag


 


cagcaaggcccctcccccgagcctgccctccccaagcaggctgcctgggc


 


cctccgacacaccaatcctgccacagtgatgaaggtctggatccgcggcc


 


gc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor IX-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 19)







MQRVNMPMAESPGLITICLLGYLLSAECTVFLDHENANKILNRPKRYNSG


 


KLEEFVQGNLERECMEEKCSFEEAREVFENTERTTEFWKQYVDGDQCESN


 


PCLNGGSCKDDINSYECWCPFGFEGKNCELDVTCNIKNGRCEQFCKNSAD


 


NKVVCSCTEGYRLAENQKSCEPAVPFPCGRVSVSQTSKLTRAETVFPDVD


 


YVNSTEAETILDNITQSTQSFNDFTRVVGGEDAKPGQFPWQVVLNGKVDA


 


FCGGSIVNEKWIVTAAHCVETGVKITVVAGEHNIEETEHTEQKRNVIRII


 


PHHNYNAAINKYNHDIALLELDEPLVLNSYVTPICIADKEYTNIFLKFGS


 


GYVSGWGRVFHKGRSALVLQYLRVPLVDRATCLRSTKFTIYNNMFCAGFH


 


EGGRDSCQGDSGGPHVTEVEGTSFLTGIISWGEECAMKGKYGIYTKVSRY


 


VNWIKEKTKLTSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ**.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor IX-CTP-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 20)







gcgatcgccatgcagcgcgtgaacatgatcatggcagaatcaccaggcct


 


catcaccatctgccttttaggatatctactcagtgctgaatgtacagttt


 


ttcttgatcatgaaaacgccaacaaaattctgaatcggccaaagaggtat


 


aattcaggtaaattggaagagtttgttcaagggaaccttgagagagaatg


 


tatggaagaaaagtgtagttttgaagaagcacgagaagtttttgaaaaca


 


ctgaaagaacaactgaattttggaagcagtatgttgatggagatcagtgt


 


gagtccaatccatgtttaaatggcggcagttgcaaggatgacattaattc


 


ctatgaatgttggtgtccctttggatttgaaggaaagaactgtgaattag


 


atgtaacatgtaacattaagaatggcagatgcgagcagttttgtaaaaat


 


agtgctgataacaaggtggtttgctcctgtactgagggatatcgacttgc


 


agaaaaccagaagtcctgtgaaccagcagtgccatttccatgtggaagag


 


tttctgtttcacaaacttctaagctcacccgtgctgagactgtttttcct


 


gatgtggactatgtaaattctactgaagctgaaaccattttggataacat


 


cactcaaagcacccaatcatttaatgacttcactcgagttgttggtggag


 


aagatgccaaaccaggtcaattcccttggcaggttgttttgaatggtaaa


 


gttgatgcattctgtggaggctctatcgttaatgaaaaatggattgtaac


 


tgctgcccactgtgttgaaactggtgttaaaattacagttgtcgcaggtg


 


aacataatattgaggagacagaacatacagagcaaaagcgaaatgtgatt


 


cgaattattcctcaccacaactacaatgcagctattaataagtacaacca


 


tgacattgcccttctggaactggacgaacccttagtgctaaacagctacg


 


ttacacctatttgcattgctacaaggaatacacgaacatcttcctcaaat


 


ttggatctggctatgtaagtggctggggaagagtcttccacaaagggaga


 


tcagctttagttcttcagtaccttagagttccacttgttgaccgagccac


 


atgtcttcgatctacaaagttcaccatctataacaacatgttctgtgctg


 


gcttccatgaaggaggtagagattcatgtcaaggagatagtgggggaccc


 


catgttactgaagtggaagggaccagtttcttaactggaattattagctg


 


gggtgaagagtgtgcaatgaaaggcaaatatggaatatataccaaggtat


 


cccggtatgtcaactggattaaggaaaaaacaaagctcactagctccagc


 


agcaaggcccctcccccgagcctgccctccccaagcaggctgcctgggcc


 


ctccgacacaccaatcctgccacagagcagctcctctaaggcccctcctc


 


catccctgccatccccctcccggctgcctggcccctctgacacccctatc


 


ctgcctcagtgatgaaggtctggatccgcggccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor IX-CTP-CTP (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 21)







MQRVNMIMAESPGLITICLLGYLLSAECTVFLDHENANKILNRPKRYNSG


 


KLEEFVQGNLERECMEEKCSFEEAREVFENTERTTEFWKQYVDGDQCESN


 


PCLNGGSCKDDINSYECWCPFGFEGKNCELDVTCNIKNGRCEQFCKNSAD


 


NKVVCSCTEGYRLAENQKSCEPAVPFPCGRVSVSQTSKLTRAETVFPDVD


 


YVNSTEAETILDNITQSTQSFNDFTRVVGGEDAKPGQFPWQVVLNGKVDA


 


FCGGSIVNEKWIVTAAHCVETGVKITVVAGEHNIEETEHTEQKRNVIRII


 


PHHNYNAAINKYNHDIALLELDEPLVLNSYVTPICIADKEYTNIFLKFGS


 


GYVSGWGRVFHKGRSALVLQYLRVPLVDRATCLRSTKFTIYNNMFCAGFH


 


EGGRDSCQGDSGGPHVTEVEGTSFLTGIISWGEECAMKGKYGIYTKVSRY


 


VNWIKEKTKLTSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSL


 


PSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ**.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor IX-(CTP)3 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 30)







tctagagtcgaccccgccatgcagcgcgtgaacatgatcatggcagaatc


 


accaggcctcatcaccatctgccttttaggatatctactcagtgctgaat


 


gtacagtttttcttgatcatgaaaacgccaacaaaattctgaatcggcca


 


aagaggtataattcaggtaaattggaagagtttgttcaagggaaccttga


 


gagagaatgtatggaagaaaagtgtagttttgaagaagcacgagaagttt


 


ttgaaaacactgaaagaacaactgaattttggaagcagtatgttgatgga


 


gatcagtgtgagtccaatccatgtttaaatggcggcagttgcaaggatga


 


cattaattcctatgaatgttggtgtccctttggatttgaaggaaagaact


 


gtgaattagatgtaacatgtaacattaagaatggcagatgcgagcagttt


 


tgtaaaaatagtgctgataacaaggtggtttgctcctgtactgagggata


 


tcgacttgcagaaaaccagaagtcctgtgaaccagcagtgccatttccat


 


gtggaagagtttctgtttcacaaacttctaagctcacccgtgctgaggca


 


gtttttcctgatgtggactatgtaaattctactgaagctgaaaccatttt


 


ggataacatcactcaaagcacccaatcatttaatgacttcactcgagttg


 


ttggtggagaagatgccaaaccaggtcaattcccttggcaggttgttttg


 


aatggtaaagttgatgcattctgtggaggctctatcgttaatgaaaaatg


 


gattgtaactgctgcccactgtgttgaaactggtgttaaaattacagttg


 


tcgcaggtgaacataatattgaggagacagaacatacagagcaaaagcga


 


aatgtgattcgaattattcctcaccacaactacaatgcagctattaataa


 


gtacaaccatgacattgcccttctggaactggacgaacccttagtgctaa


 


acagctacgttacacctatttgcattgctgacaaggaatacacgaacatc


 


ttcctcaaatttggatctggctatgtaagtggctggggaagagtcttcca


 


caaagggagatcagctttagttcttcagtaccttagagttccacttgttg


 


accgagccacatgtcttcgatctacaaagttcaccatctataacaacatg


 


ttctgtgctggcttccatgaaggaggtagagattcatgtcaaggagatag


 


tgggggaccccatgttactgaagtggaagggaccagtttcttaactggaa


 


ttattagctggggtgaagagtgtgcaatgaaaggcaaatatggaatatat


 


accaaggtatcccggtatgtcaactggattaaggaaaaaacaaagctcac


 


tagctccagcagcaaggcccctcccccgagcctgccctccccaagcaggc


 


tgcctgggcccagtgacacccctatcctgcctcagtccagctccagcaag


 


gccccaccccctagcctgccttctccttctcggctgcctggccccagcga


 


tactccaattctgccccagtcctccagcagtaaggctccccctccatctc


 


tgccatcccccagcagactgccaggcccttctgatacacccatcctccca


 


cagtgatgaggatccgcggccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor IX-(CTP)3 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 31)







MQRVNMPMAESPGLITICLLGYLLSAECTVFLDHENANKILNRPKRYNSG


 


KLEEFVQGNLERECMEEKCSFEEAREVFENTERTTEFWKQYVDGDQCESN


 


PCLNGGSCKDDINSYECWCPFGFEGKNCELDVTCNIKNGRCEQFCKNSAD


 


NKVVCSCTEGYRLAENQKSCEPAVPFPCGRVSVSQTSKLTRAEAVFPDVD


 


YVNSTEAETILDNITQSTQSFNDFTRVVGGEDAKPGQFPWQVVLNGKVDA


 


FCGGSIVNEKWIVTAAHCVETGVKITVVAGEHNIEETEHTEQKRNVIRII


 


PHHNYNAAINKYNHDIALLELDEPLVLNSYVTPICIADKEYTNIFLKFGS


 


GYVSGWGRVFHKGRSALVLQYLRVPLVDRATCLRSTKFTIYNNMFCAGFH


 


EGGRDSCQGDSGGPHVTEVEGTSFLTGIISWGEECAMKGKYGIYTKVSRY


 


VNWIKEKTKLTSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSL


 


PSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ**.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor IX-(CTP)4 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 32)







tctagagtcgaccccgccatgcagcgcgtgaacatgatcatggcagaatc


 


accaggcctcatcaccatctgccttttaggatatctactcagtgctgaat


 


gtacagtttttcttgatcatgaaaacgccaacaaaattctgaatcggcca


 


aagaggtataattcaggtaaattggaagagtttgttcaagggaaccttga


 


gagagaatgtatggaagaaaagtgtagttttgaagaagcacgagaagttt


 


ttgaaaacactgaaagaacaactgaattttggaagcagtatgttgatgga


 


gatcagtgtgagtccaatccatgtttaaatggcggcagttgcaaggatga


 


cattaattcctatgaatgttggtgtccctttggatttgaaggaaagaact


 


gtgaattagatgtaacatgtaacattaagaatggcagatgcgagcagttt


 


tgtaaaaatagtgctgataacaaggtggtttgctcctgtactgagggata


 


tcgacttgcagaaaaccagaagtcctgtgaaccagcagtgccatttccat


 


gtggaagagtttctgtttcacaaacttctaagctcacccgtgctgaggca


 


gtttttcctgatgtggactatgtaaattctactgaagctgaaaccatttt


 


ggataacatcactcaaagcacccaatcatttaatgacttcactcgagttg


 


ttggtggagaagatgccaaaccaggtcaattcccttggcaggttgttttg


 


aatggtaaagttgatgcattctgtggaggctctatcgttaatgaaaaatg


 


gattgtaactgctgcccactgtgttgaaactggtgttaaaattacagttg


 


tcgcaggtgaacataatattgaggagacagaacatacagagcaaaagcga


 


aatgtgattcgaattattcctcaccacaactacaatgcagctattaataa


 


gtacaaccatgacattgcccttctggaactggacgaacccttagtgctaa


 


acagctacgttacacctatttgcattgctgacaaggaatacacgaacatc


 


ttcctcaaatttggatctggctatgtaagtggctggggaagagtcttcca


 


caaagggagatcagctttagttcttcagtaccttagagttccacttgttg


 


accgagccacatgtcttcgatctacaaagttcaccatctataacaacatg


 


ttctgtgctggcttccatgaaggaggtagagattcatgtcaaggagatag


 


tgggggaccccatgttactgaagtggaagggaccagtttcttaactggaa


 


ttattagctggggtgaagagtgtgcaatgaaaggcaaatatggaatatat


 


accaaggtatcccggtatgtcaactggattaaggaaaaaacaaagctcac


 


tagctccagcagcaaggcccctcccccgagcctgccctccccaagcaggc


 


tgcctgggccctctgacacccctatcctgcctcagtccagctcctctaag


 


gccccaccaccttccctgcctagcccttcaagactgccaggccctagcga


 


tacaccaattctgccccagtcctccagcagcaaggctcccccacctagcc


 


tgccttctccatcaaggctgcctggcccatccgataccccaattttgcct


 


cagagcagctctagcaaggcacctccccccagtctgccctctccaagcag


 


actccctggcccttcagacactcccattctgccacagtgatgaggatccg


 


cggccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor IX-(CTP)4 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 33)







SRVDPAMQRVNMIMAESPGLITICLLGYLLSAECTVFLDHENANKILNRP


 


KRYNSGKLEEFVQGNLERECMEEKCSFEEAREVFENTERTTEFWKQYVDG


 


DQCESNPCLNGGSCKDDINSYECWCPFGFEGKNCELDVTCNIKNGRCEQF


 


CKNSADNKVVCSCTEGYRLAENQKSCEPAVPFPCGRVSVSQTSKLTRAEA


 


VFPDVDYVNSTEAETILDNITQSTQSFNDFTRVVGGEDAKPGQFPWQVVL


 


NGKVDAFCGGSIVNEKWIVTAAHCVETGVKITVVAGEHNIEETEHTEQKR


 


NVIRIIPHHNYNAAINKYNHDIALLELDEPLVLNSYVTPICIADKEYTNI


 


FLKFGSGYVSGWGRVFHKGRSALVLQYLRVPLVDRATCLRSTKFTIYNNM


 


FCAGFHEGGRDSCQGDSGGPHVTEVEGTSFLTGIISWGEECAMKGKYGIY


 


TKVSRYVNWIKEKTKLTSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSK


 


APPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILP


 


QSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ**GSAA.






In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding Factor IX-(CTP)5 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 34)







ctagagtcgaccccgccatgcagcgcgtgaacatgatcatggcagaatca


 


ccaggcctcatcaccatctgccttttaggatatctactcagtgctgaatg


 


tacagtttttcttgatcatgaaaacgccaacaaaattctgaatcggccaa


 


agaggtataattcaggtaaattggaagagtttgttcaagggaaccttgag


 


agagaatgtatggaagaaaagtgtagttttgaagaagcacgagaagtttt


 


tgaaaacactgaaagaacaactgaattttggaagcagtatgttgatggag


 


atcagtgtgagtccaatccatgtttaaatggcggcagttgcaaggatgac


 


attaattcctatgaatgttggtgtccctttggatttgaaggaaagaactg


 


tgaattagatgtaacatgtaacattaagaatggcagatgcgagcagtttt


 


gtaaaaatagtgctgataacaaggtggtttgctcctgtactgagggatat


 


cgacttgcagaaaaccagaagtcctgtgaaccagcagtgccatttccatg


 


tggaagagtttctgtttcacaaacttctaagctcacccgtgctgaggcag


 


tttttcctgatgtggactatgtaaattctactgaagctgaaaccattttg


 


gataacatcactcaaagcacccaatcatttaatgacttcactcgagttgt


 


tggtggagaagatgccaaaccaggtcaattcccttggcaggttgttttga


 


atggtaaagttgatgcattctgtggaggctctatcgttaatgaaaaatgg


 


attgtaactgctgcccactgtgttgaaactggtgttaaaattacagttgt


 


cgcaggtgaacataatattgaggagacagaacatacagagcaaaagcgaa


 


atgtgattcgaattattcctcaccacaactacaatgcagctattaataag


 


tacaaccatgacattgcccttctggaactggacgaacccttagtgctaaa


 


cagctacgttacacctatttgcattgctgacaaggaatacacgaacatct


 


tcctcaaatttggatctggctatgtaagtggctggggaagagtcttccac


 


aaagggagatcagctttagttcttcagtaccttagagttccacttgttga


 


ccgagccacatgtcttcgatctacaaagttcaccatctataacaacatgt


 


tctgtgctggcttccatgaaggaggtagagattcatgtcaaggagatagt


 


gggggaccccatgttactgaagtggaagggaccagtttcttaactggaat


 


tattagctggggtgaagagtgtgcaatgaaaggcaaatatggaatatata


 


ccaaggtatcccggtatgtcaactggattaaggaaaaaacaaagctcact


 


agctccagcagcaaggcccctcccccgagcctgccctccccaagcaggct


 


gcctgggccctctgacacccctatcctgcctcagtccagctcctctaagg


 


ctccaccaccttccctgcctagcccttcaagactgccaggccctagcgat


 


acaccaattctgccccagtcctccagcagcaaggctcccccacctagcct


 


gccttctccatcaaggctgcctggcccatccgataccccaattttgcctc


 


agagcagctctagcaaggcacctccccccagtctgccctctccaagcaga


 


ctccctggcccttcagacactccaatcctcccacagtcctctagctctaa


 


agctccacctcccagcctgcccagccctagtagactccccggaccttctg


 


atacccccatcttgccccagtgatgaggatccgcggccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of Factor IX-(CTP)5 (attached to the carboxy terminus) comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 35)







RVDPAMQRVNMIMAESPGLITICLLGYLLSAECTVFLDHENANKILNRPK


 


RYNSGKLEEFVQGNLERECMEEKCSFEEAREVFENTERTTEFWKQYVDGD


 


QCESNPCLNGGSCKDDINSYECWCPFGFEGKNCELDVTCNIKNGRCEQFC


 


KNSADNKVVCSCTEGYRLAENQKSCEPAVPFPCGRVSVSQTSKLTRAEAV


 


FPDVDYVNSTEAETILDNITQSTQSFNDFTRVVGGEDAKPGQFPWQVVLN


 


GKVDAFCGGSIVNEKWIVTAAHCVETGVKITVVAGEHNIEETEHTEQKRN


 


VIRIIPHHNYNAAINKYNHDIALLELDEPLVLNSYVTPICIADKEYTNIF


 


LKFGSGYVSGWGRVFHKGRSALVLQYLRVPLVDRATCLRSTKFTIYNNMF


 


CAGFHEGGRDSCQGDSGGPHVTEVEGTSFLTGIISWGEECAMKGKYGIYT


 


KVSRYVNWIKEKTKLTSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKA


 


PPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ


 


SSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSD


 


TPILPQ**GSAA.






In another embodiment, furin is added to a cell expressing the coagulation factor-CTP of the invention. In another embodiment, furin increases the production efficiency of a coagulation factor-CTP of the invention in a cell. In another embodiment, furin is co-transfected with the vector comprising the coding sequence of the coagulation factor-CTP of the invention. In another embodiment, furin is encoded by a separate vector. In another embodiment, furin and a coagulation factor-CTP are encoded by one vector. In another embodiment, the coding sequence of furin is inserted into pCI-DHFR. In another embodiment, the coding sequence of furin is engineered in pCI-dhfr/smal+NotI, Furin/Asisl F.I.+NotI.
In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding furin comprises the following nucleic acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 22)







tctagagtcgaccccgccatggagctgaggccctggttgctatgggtggt


 


agcagcaacaggaaccttggtcctgctagcagctgatgctcagggccaga


 


aggtcttcaccaacacgtgggctgtgcgcatccctggaggcccagcggtg


 


gccaacagtgtggcacggaagcatgggttcctcaacctgggccagatctt


 


cggggactattaccacttctggcatcgaggagtgacgaagcggtccctgt


 


cgcctcaccgcccgcggcacagccggctgcagagggagcctcaagtacag


 


tggctggaacagcaggtggcaaagcgacggactaaacgggacgtgtacca


 


ggagcccacagaccccaagtttcctcagcagtggtacctgtctggtgtca


 


ctcagcgggacctgaatgtgaaggcggcctgggcgcagggctacacaggg


 


cacggcattgtggtctccattctggacgatggcatcgagaagaaccaccc


 


ggacttggcaggcaattatgatcctggggccagttttgatgtcaatgacc


 


aggaccctgacccccagcctcggtacacacagatgaatgacaacaggcac


 


ggcacacggtgtgcgggggaagtggctgcggtggccaacaacggtgtctg


 


tggtgtaggtgtggcctacaacgcccgcattggaggggtgcgcatgctgg


 


atggcgaggtgacagatgcagtggaggcacgctcgctgggcctgaacccc


 


aaccacatccacatctacagtgccagctggggccccgaggatgacggcaa


 


gacagtggatgggccagcccgcctcgccgaggaggccttcttccgtgggg


 


ttagccagggccgaggggggctgggctccatctttgtctgggcctcgggg


 


aacgggggccgggaacatgacagctgcaactgcgacggctacaccaacag


 


tatctacacgctgtccatcagcagcgccacgcagtttggcaacgtgccgt


 


ggtacagcgaggcctgctcgtccacactggccacgacctacagcagtggc


 


aaccagaatgagaagcagatcgtgacgactgacttgcggcagaagtgcac


 


ggagtctcacacgggcacctcagcctctgcccccttagcagccggcatca


 


ttgctctcaccctggaggccaataagaacctcacatggcgggacatgcaa


 


cacctggtggtacagacctcgaagccagcccacctcaatgccaacgactg


 


ggccaccaatggtgtgggccggaaagtgagccactcatatggctacgggc


 


ttttggacgcaggcgccatggtggccctggcccagaattggaccacagtg


 


gccccccagcggaagtgcatcatcgacatcctcaccgagcccaaagacat


 


cgggaaacggctcgaggtgcggaagaccgtgaccgcgtgcctgggcgagc


 


ccaaccacatcactcggctggagcacgctcaggcgcggctcaccctgtcc


 


tataatcgccgtggcgacctggccatccacctggtcagccccatgggcac


 


ccgctccaccctgctggcagccaggccacatgactactccgcagatgggt


 


ttaatgactgggccttcatgacaactcattcctgggatgaggatccctct


 


ggcgagtgggtcctagagattgaaaacaccagcgaagccaacaactatgg


 


gacgctgaccaagttcaccctcgtactctatggcaccgcccctgaggggc


 


tgcccgtacctccagaaagcagtggctgcaagaccctcacgtccagtcag


 


gcctgtgtggtgtgcgaggaaggcttctccctgcaccagaagagctgtgt


 


ccagcactgccctccaggcttcgccccccaagtcctcgatacgcactata


 


gcaccgagaatgacgtggagaccatccgggccagcgtctgcgccccctgc


 


cacgcctcatgtgccacatgccaggggccggccctgacagactgcctcag


 


ctgccccagccacgcctccttggaccctgtggagcagacttgctcccggc


 


aaagccagagcagccgagagtccccgccacagcagcagccacctcggctg


 


cccccggaggtggaggcggggcaacggctgcgggcagggctgctgccctc


 


acacctgcctgaggtggtggccggcctcagctgcgccttcatcgtgctgg


 


tcttcgtcactgtcttcctggtcctgcagctgcgctctggctttagtttt


 


cggggggtgaaggtgtacaccatggaccgtggcctcatctcctacaaggg


 


gctgccccctgaagcctggcaggaggagtgcccgtctgactcagaagagg


 


acgagggccggggcgagaggaccgcctttatcaaagaccagagcgccctc


 


tgaacgcggccgc.






In another embodiment, the amino acid sequence of furin comprises the following amino acid sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 23)







MELRPWLLWVVAATGTLVLLAADAQGQKVFTNTWAVRIPGGPAVANSVAR


 


KHGFLNLGQIFGDYYHFWHRGVTKRSLSPHRPRHSRLQREPQVQWLEQQV


 


AKRRTKRDVYQEPTDPKFPQQWYLSGVTQRDLNVKAAWAQGYTGHGIVVS


 


ILDDGIEKNHPDLAGNYDPGASFDVNDQDPDPQPRYTQMNDNRHGTRCAG


 


EVAAVANNGVCGVGVAYNARIGGVRMLDGEVTDAVEARSLGLNPNHIHIY


 


SASWGPEDDGKTVDGPARLAEEAFFRGVSQGRGGLGSIFVWASGNGGREH


 


DSCNCDGYTNSIYTLSISSATQFGNVPWYSEACSSTLATTYSSGNQNEKQ


 


IVTTDLRQKCTESHTGTSASAPLAAGIIALTLEANKNLTWRDMQHLVVQT


 


SKPAHLNANDWATNGVGRKVSHSYGYGLLDAGAMVALAQNWTTVAPQRKC


 


IIDILTEPKDIGKRLEVRKTVTACLGEPNHITRLEHAQARLTLSYNRRGD


 


LAIHLVSPMGTRSTLLAARPHDYSADGFNDWAFMTTHSWDEDPSGEWVLE


 


IENTSEANNYGTLTKFTLVLYGTAPEGLPVPPESSGCKTLTSSQACVVCE


 


EGFSLHQKSCVQHCPPGFAPQVLDTHYSTENDVETIRASVCAPCHASCAT


 


CQGPALTDCLSCPSHASLDPVEQTCSRQSQSSRESPPQQQPPRLPPEVEA


 


GQRLRAGLLPSHLPEVVAGLSCAFIVLVFVTVFLVLQLRSGFSFRGVKVY


 


TMDRGLISYKGLPPEAWQEECPSDSEEDEGRGERTAFIKDQSAL*.






In one embodiment, the term coagulation factor further includes a homologue of a known coagulation factor. In one embodiment, the homologue has a coagulating activity. In some embodiments, homology according to the present invention also encompasses deletion, insertion, or substitution variants, including an amino acid substitution, thereof and biologically active polypeptide fragments thereof. In one embodiment, the variant comprises conservative substitutions, or deletions, insertions, or substitutions that do not significantly alter the three dimensional structure of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the deletion, insertion, or substitution does not alter the function of interest of the coagulation factor, which in one embodiment, is binding to a particular binding partner.
In another embodiment, the invention includes a homologue of a coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the invention includes a homologue of a coagulation factor having a coagulation activity. In another embodiment, the invention includes a homologue of a coagulation factor having functional binding. In another embodiment, the invention includes homologues of a coagulation factor as described herein having a coagulation activity. In another embodiment, the invention includes homologues of a coagulation factor as described herein having functional binding. In another embodiment, homologues e.g., polypeptides which are at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 87%, at least 89%, at least 91%, at least 93%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% homologous to a coagulation factor as determined using BlastP software of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using default parameters.
In another embodiment, the invention includes homologues of furin. In another embodiment, the invention includes homologues of furin maintaining a function of interest, which in one embodiment is cleaving of a precursor protein. In another embodiment, homologues e.g., polypeptides which are at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 87%, at least 89%, at least 91%, at least 93%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% homologous to a furin as determined using BlastP software of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using default parameters.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to ten gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor having at least one CTP on its carboxy terminus.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and one to five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and one to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
It is to be understood that the compositions and methods of the present invention comprising the elements or steps as described herein may, in another embodiment, consist of those elements or steps, or in another embodiment, consist essentially of those elements or steps. In some embodiments, the term “comprise” refers to the inclusion of the indicated active agent, such as the CTP-modified coagulation factor, as well as inclusion of other active agents, and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, emollients, stabilizers, etc., as are known in the pharmaceutical industry. In some embodiments, the term “consisting essentially of” refers to a composition, whose only active ingredient is the indicated active ingredient, however, other compounds may be included which are for stabilizing, preserving, etc. the formulation, but are not involved directly in the therapeutic effect of the indicated active ingredient. In some embodiments, the term “consisting essentially of” may refer to components which facilitate the release of the active ingredient. In some embodiments, the term “consisting” refers to a composition, which contains the active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and two gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and two to three CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and two to four CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and two to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and two to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and two to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and two to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and two to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and two to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to four CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and four gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and four to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and four to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and four to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and four to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and four to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and four to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and five to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and five to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and five to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and five to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and five to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and two gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and two to three CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and two to four CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and two to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and two to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and two to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and two to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and two to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and two to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three to four CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and four gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and four to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and four to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and four to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and four to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and four to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and four to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and five to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and five to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and five to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and five to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and five to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and two gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and two to three CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and two to four CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and two to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and two to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and two to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and two to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and two to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and two to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and three to four CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and three to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and three to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and three to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and three to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and three to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and three to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and four gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and four to five CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and four to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and four to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and four to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and four to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and four to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and five to six CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and five to seven CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and five to eight CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and five to nine CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and five to ten CTPs attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a coagulation factor having no CTPs on its amino terminus. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a coagulation factor lacking a CTP on its amino terminus. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a coagulation factor having at least one CTP on its carboxy terminus and no CTPs on its amino terminus. In another embodiment, provided herein is a polypeptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a coagulation factor having the number of CTPs on its carboxy terminus as described herein and no CTPs on its amino terminus.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide as described hereinabove.
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a composition comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a recombinant coagulation factor as described hereinabove. In one embodiment, the present invention provides an engineered coagulation factor as described hereinabove. In one embodiment, the engineered coagulation factor as described hereinabove is referred to as a CTP-modified coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the CTPs that are attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor are attached in tandem to the carboxy terminus.
In one embodiment, an engineered coagulation factor as described herein has equivalent or improved biological activity compared to the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, an engineered coagulation factor as described herein has equivalent or improved pharmacological measurements compared to the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, an engineered coagulation factor as described herein has equivalent or improved pharmacokinetics compared to the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, an engineered coagulation factor as described herein has equivalent or improved pharmacodynamics compared to the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating a clotting or coagulation disorder. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing and treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor VII of the present invention.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX of the present invention. In one embodiment, hemophilia is hemophilia B. In one embodiment, hemophilia B is known as factor IX deficiency or Christmas disease. In one embodiment, the hemophilia is severe hemophilia, which in one embodiment, describes hemophilia in which the coagulation factor levels are 0-1%. In another embodiment, the hemophilia is moderate hemophilia, which in one embodiment, describes hemophilia in which the coagulation factor levels are 1-5%. In another embodiment, the hemophilia is mild hemophilia, which in one embodiment, describes hemophilia in which the coagulation factor levels are 5-50%.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating a clotting or coagulation disorder in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide comprising a FIX polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating a clotting or coagulation disorder in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating a clotting or coagulation disorder in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide comprising a FVII polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating a clotting or coagulation disorder in said subject.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide comprising a FIX polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide comprising a FVIIa polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering one or more CTP-modified coagulation factors as described herein to said subject. Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide comprising a FIX polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide and a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide comprising a FVIIa polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In one embodiment, the CTP-modified FIX and the CTP-modified FVIIa are administered in the same composition at the same time. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified FIX and the CTP-modified FVIIa are administered in separate compositions at the same time. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified FIX and the CTP-modified FVIIa are administered in separate compositions at separate times.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) or a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX or a FVII polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX or said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) or a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX or a FVII polypeptide and four chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX or said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) or a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX or a FVII polypeptide and five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX or said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) or a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX or a FVII polypeptide and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX or said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) and a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX and a FVII polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX and said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) and a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX and a FVII polypeptide and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX and said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising subcutaneously or intravenously administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) or a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX or a FVII polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX or said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising subcutaneously or intravenously administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) or a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX or a FVII polypeptide and four chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX or said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising subcutaneously or intravenously administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) or a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX or a FVII polypeptide and five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX or said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising subcutaneously or intravenously administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) or a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX or a FVII polypeptide and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX or said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising subcutaneously or intravenously administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) and a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX and a FVII polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX and said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating hemophilia in a subject comprising subcutaneously or intravenously administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) and a CTP-modified Factor VII polypeptide comprising a FIX and a FVII polypeptide and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX and said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby preventing or treating hemophilia in said subject.
In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of preventing or treating a hemophilia in a subject, the method comprising the step of administering to the subject a CTP-modified coagulation factor, comprising three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said coagulation factor polypeptide, wherein the sequence of said CTP-modified coagulation factor is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 25, 27, or 29, thereby preventing hemophilia in said subject.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a cell comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide and three to five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a cell comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a cell comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide and five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide.
In one embodiment, the term “three to five” when referring to gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs), refers to attaching three, four, or five CTPs to the carboxy terminal of a coagulation factor polypeptide provided herein
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide and three to five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide and five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of extending the biological half-life of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby extending the biological half-life of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of extending the biological half-life of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby extending the biological half-life of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of extending the biological half-life of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby extending the biological half-life of said FVII polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby improving the AUC of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby improving the AUC of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby improving the AUC of said FVII polypeptide.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby reducing the dosing frequency of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby reducing the dosing frequency of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby reducing the dosing frequency of said FVII polypeptide.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the clearance rate of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby reducing the clearance rate of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the clearance rate of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby reducing the clearance rate of said FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the clearance rate of a Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby reducing the clearance rate of said FVII polypeptide.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a CTP-modified Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby producing a CTP-modified FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a CTP-modified Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby producing a CTP-modified FVII polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a CTP-modified Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide, thereby producing a CTP-modified FVII polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide comprising a FVII polypeptide and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide comprising a FVII polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor VII (FVII) polypeptide comprising a FVII polypeptide and five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject.
In another embodiment, the methods provided herein further comprise the step of attaching four chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVII polypeptide.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX of the present invention. In one embodiment, hemophilia is hemophilia B. In one embodiment, hemophilia B is known as factor IX deficiency or Christmas disease. In one embodiment, the hemophilia is severe hemophilia, which in one embodiment, describes hemophilia in which the coagulation factor levels are 0-1%. In another embodiment, the hemophilia is moderate hemophilia, which in one embodiment, describes hemophilia in which the coagulation factor levels are 1-5%. In another embodiment, the hemophilia is mild hemophilia, which in one embodiment, describes hemophilia in which the coagulation factor levels are 5-50%.
In other embodiments, the engineered coagulation factor is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In one embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 3 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In one embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 4 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In one embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 5 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In another embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 2 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In another embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 1 CTP repeat in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In other embodiments, the engineered coagulation factor can reduce the number of infusions required for a patient, reduce the required doses for a patient, or a combination thereof.
In one embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 3 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus exhibits an improved PK profile while maintaining its coagulation activity vs. FIX-CTP-CTP harvest, FIX-CTP harvest or rhFIX. In one embodiment, the elimination half-life of rFIX-CTP3 is 2.5- to 4-fold longer than rFIX in rats and in FIX-deficient mice. In one embodiment, the administration of rFIX-CTP3 significantly prolonged the procoagulatory effect in FIX-deficient mice for at least 76 hr after dosing. In one embodiment, the administration of rFIX-CTP3 produced a higher activity peak than rFIX in FIX-deficient mice. In another embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 2 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus exhibits an improved PK profile while maintaining its coagulation activity vs. FIX-CTP harvest or rhFIX. In another embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 2 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus exhibits 3-fold increase in half-life and 4.5-fold higher AUC compared to rhFIX.
In another embodiment, SC administration results in higher bioavailability of CTP-modified FVII as compared to recombinant FVII. In another embodiment, half-life is longer and bioavailability (AUC SC/AUC IV) is higher following FVIIa-CTP3 and 5 SC administration when compared to SC administration of NovoSeven®. In another embodiment, subcutaneously injected MOD-5014 and MOD-5019 shows improved mice survival in comparison to recombinant FYII (NovoSeven®) (see Example 8 below).
In one embodiment, MOD-5014 is FVIIa-CTP3 (having three CTP peptides attached at the C-terminus end). In one embodiment, MOD-5014 provides a long-acting coagulation factor. In one embodiment, MOD-5014 provides a more sustained and prolonged blood clotting response compared with recombinant human FVIIa. (See for example, Example 14)
In one embodiment, deactivation of MOD-5014 by tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is dose-dependent. In one embodiment, deactivation of MOD-5014 by TFPI shows a similar dose-dependent deactivation pattern to that of recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®) by TFPI. In one embodiment, MOD-5014 is inhibited by anti-thrombin III. In one embodiment, inhibition of MOD-5014 by anti-thrombin III is augmented in the presence of heparin. In one embodiment, inhibition of MOD-5014 by anti-thrombin III shows similar inhibition pattern to that of recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®), in the presence or absence of heparin. (see Example 11 below)
In one embodiment, MOD-5014 generates thrombin in a dose-dependent manner. In one embodiment, MOD-5014 decreases lag phase of thrombin generation. In one embodiment, MOD-5014 decreases blood clotting time. In one embodiment, MOD-5014 increases efficiency of blood clot formation. In one embodiment, administration of MOD-5014 decreases blood clotting time in a subject. In one embodiment, administration of MOD-5014 increases efficiency of blood clot formation in a subject. In one embodiment, the generation of thrombin by MOD-5014 is similar to that produced by recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®). In one embodiment, decrease of lag-phase of thrombin generation by MOD-5014 is similar to that produced by recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®). In one embodiment, decrease blood clotting time by MOD-5014 is similar to that produced by recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®). In one embodiment, increased efficiency of blood clot formation by MOD-5014 is similar to that produced by recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®) (see Example 12 below).
As provided herein, CTP attachments to blood clotting factors, for example factors FVII, FVIIA and FX, increase the half-life of the blood clotting factor. Examples 11, 12 and 13 show that CTP attachments, for example three CTPs attached to FVIIA, do not appear to affect blood clotting activities. In one embodiment, CTP attachments to FVII do not interfere with blood clot formation. In one embodiment, CTP attachments to FVII do not interfere with increased efficiency of blood clot formation. In one embodiment, CTP attachments to FVII do not interfere with decreased in blood clotting time. In one embodiment, binding of phospholipid to FVII is maintained following attachment of CTPs to the blood clotting factor. In one embodiment, CTP attachments to FVIIA do not interfere with blood clot formation. In one embodiment, CTP attachments to FVIIA do not interfere with increased efficiency of blood clot formation. In one embodiment, CTP attachments to FVIIA do not interfere with decreased blood clot formation. In one embodiment, binding of phospholipid to FVIIA is maintained following attachment of CTPs to the blood clotting factor.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide comprising a FIX polypeptide and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide comprising a FIX polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide comprising a FIX polypeptide and five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide comprising a FVIIa polypeptide and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering one or more CTP-modified coagulation factors as described herein to said subject. Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide comprising a FIX polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide and a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide comprising a FVIIa polypeptide and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In one embodiment, the CTP-modified FIX and the CTP-modified FVIIa are administered in the same composition at the same time. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified FIX and the CTP-modified FVIIa are administered in separate compositions at the same time. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified FIX and the CTP-modified FVIIa are administered in separate compositions at separate times.
In other embodiments, the engineered coagulation factor is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In one embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 3 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In one embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 4 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In one embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 5 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In another embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 2 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In another embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 1 CTP repeat in its carboxy terminus is for the treatment of hemophilia B patients. In other embodiments, the engineered coagulation factor can reduce the number of infusions required for a patient, reduce the required doses for a patient, or a combination thereof.
Example 14 shows the results of administering MOD-5014 to a large mammal (dogs). MOD-5014 administration provided an effective and safe long-acting FVIIa for blood coagulation. Treatment using MOD-5014 may be prophylactic or on-demand. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering MOD-5014 to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing excess bleeding in a subject comprising administering MOD-5014 to said subject, thereby preventing excess bleeding in said subject. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of prophylacticly treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering MOD-5014 to said subject, thereby prophylactically treating hemophilia in said subject.
In one embodiment, treating hemophilia in a subject with MOD-5014 comprises a reduced frequency of administration of MOD-5014, as compared with recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®). In one embodiment, prophylactically treating hemophilia in a subject with MOD-5014 comprises a reduced frequency of administration of MOD-5014, as compared with recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®). In one embodiment, preventing excess bleeding in a subject with MOD-5014 comprises a reduced frequency of administration of MOD-5014, as compared with recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®).
In one embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 3 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus exhibits an improved PK profile while maintaining its coagulation activity vs. FIX-CTP-CTP harvest, FIX-CTP harvest or rhFIX. In one embodiment, the elimination half-life of rFIX-CTP3 is 2.5- to 4-fold longer than rFIX in rats and in FIX-deficient mice. In one embodiment, the administration of rFIX-CTP3 significantly prolonged the procoagulatory effect in FIX-deficient mice for at least 76 hr after dosing. In one embodiment, the administration of rFIX-CTP3 produced a higher activity peak than rFIX in FIX-deficient mice. In another embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 2 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus exhibits an improved PK profile while maintaining its coagulation activity vs. FIX-CTP harvest or rhFIX. In another embodiment, coagulation Factor IX comprising 2 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus exhibits 3-fold increase in half-life and 4.5-fold higher AUC compared to rhFIX.
In one embodiment, coagulation Factor VII comprising 3 CTPs in tandem in its carboxy terminus exhibits an improved PK profile while maintaining its coagulation activity vs. NovoSeven® (see Table 59 and FIG. 36).
In another embodiment, the terms “CTP peptide,” “carboxy terminal peptide” and “CTP sequence” are used interchangeably herein. In another embodiment, the carboxy terminal peptide is a full-length CTP. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment of the invention.
In another embodiment, a signal peptide is attached to the amino terminus of the CTP, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,553,940, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
In other embodiments, the term engineered coagulation factor refers to the amino acid sequence of a matured coagulation factor. In other embodiments, the term engineered coagulation factor refers to the amino acid sequence of the coagulation factor including its signal sequence or signal peptide.
In another embodiment, “signal sequence” and “signal peptide” are used interchangeably herein. In another embodiment, “sequence” when in reference to a polynucleotide molecule can refer to a coding portion. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment of the present invention.
In another embodiment, an engineered coagulation factor comprising at least one CTP as described herein has enhanced in vivo biological activity compared the same coagulation factor without at least one CTP. In one embodiment, the enhanced biological activity stems from the longer half-life of the engineered coagulation factor while maintaining at least some biological activity. In another embodiment, the enhanced biological activity stems from enhanced biological activity resulting from the CTP modification. In another embodiment, the enhanced biological activity stems from both a longer half-life and from enhanced functionality of the CTP-modified coagulation factor.
In some embodiments, at least one CTP sequence at the carboxy terminal end of the coagulation factor provides enhanced protection against degradation of a coagulation factor. In some embodiments, at least one CTP sequence at the carboxy terminal end of the coagulation factor provides enhanced protection against clearance. In some embodiments, at least one CTP sequence at the carboxy terminal end of the coagulation factor provides prolonged clearance time. In some embodiments, at least one CTP sequence at the carboxy terminal end of the coagulation factor enhances its Cmax. In some embodiments, at least one CTP sequence at the carboxy terminal end of the coagulation factor enhances its Tmax. In some embodiments, at least one CTP sequence at the carboxy terminal end of the coagulation factor prolongs its T1⁄2.
In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor of this invention is used in the same manner as an unmodified conjugated coagulation factor. In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor of this invention has an increased circulating half-life and plasma residence time, decreased clearance, and increased clinical activity in vivo. In another embodiment, due to the improved properties of the conjugated coagulation factor as described herein, this conjugate is administered less frequently than the unmodified form of the same coagulation factor.
In another embodiment, decreased frequency of administration will result in improved treatment strategy, which in one embodiment, will lead to improved patient compliance leading to improved treatment outcomes, as well as improved patient quality of life. In another embodiment, compared to conventional conjugates of coagulation factors, it has been found that conjugates having the molecular weight and linker structure of the conjugates of this invention have an improved potency, improved stability, elevated AUC levels, and enhanced circulating half-life.
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide consisting of a FIX polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said CTP-modified FIX polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide consisting of a FVIIa polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa.
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide consisting of a FVIIa polypeptide and four gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa.
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide consisting of a FVIIa polypeptide and five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a composition comprising a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein. In another embodiment, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the conjugated coagulation factor as described herein. In another embodiment, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the conjugated coagulation factor as described herein. In one embodiment, a therapeutically effective amount of a conjugated coagulation factor is determined according to factors such as the specific condition being treated, the condition of the patient being treated, as well as the other ingredients in the composition.
In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects afflicted with a coagulation or clotting disorder. In another embodiment, the coagulation or clotting disorder is Hemophilia. In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the prophylactic therapy of Hemophilia thus reducing the risk of bleeding and associated complications. In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects afflicted with Hemophilia while reducing the risk of developing inhibitory antibodies to exogenously administered coagulation factors. In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects afflicted with Hemophilia thus inducing homeostasis.
In one embodiment, a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention has therapeutic uses. In another embodiment, a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention has prophylactic uses.
In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects experiencing excessive bleeding or bruising or having a prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) or Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT). In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects having an acquired condition that is causing bleeding, such as vitamin K deficiency or liver disease. In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects having deficiencies in coagulation factors that are acquired (due to other diseases) or inherited, mild or severe, permanent or temporary. In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects afflicted with hemophilia A. In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects afflicted with hemophilia B. In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects having acquired deficiencies due to chronic diseases, such as liver disease or cancer; to an acute condition such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which uses up clotting factors at a rapid rate; or to a deficiency in vitamin K or treatment with a vitamin K antagonist like warfarin (the production of factors II, VII, IX, and X require vitamin K). In another embodiment, a conjugated coagulation factor as described herein is useful in the treatment of subjects afflicted with a disease in which causes clotting imbalances such as but not limited to: a liver disease, uremia, a cancer, a bone marrow disorder, an exposure to snake venom, a vitamin K deficiency, an anticoagulation therapy, an accidental ingestion of the anticoagulant warfarin, multiple blood transfusions (stored units of blood lose some of their clotting factors), or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating deep vein thrombosis in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing uncontrolled bleeding in a subject with hemophilia comprising administering a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing bleeding episodes in a subject with hemophilia comprising administering a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of controlling bleeding episodes in a subject with hemophilia B (congenital factor IX deficiency).
In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention are for the treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors to FVIII or FIX and in patients with acquired hemophilia; prevention of bleeding in surgical interventions or invasive procedures in hemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors to FVIII or FIX and in patients with acquired hemophilia; treatment of bleeding episodes in patients with congenital FVII deficiency and prevention of bleeding in surgical interventions or invasive procedures in patients with congenital FVII deficiency. Acquired hemophilia is a spontaneous autoimmune disorder in which patients with previously normal hemostasis develop autoantibodies against clotting factors, most frequently FVIII. The development of autoantibodies against FVIII leads to FVIII deficiency, which results in insufficient generation of thrombin by factor IXa and the factor VIIIa complex through the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. The following conditions may be associated with acquired hemophilia A: idiopathic, pregnancy, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, dermatologic disorders (eg, psoriasis, pemphigus), respiratory diseases (eg, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), allergic drug reactions, diabetes, acute hepatitis B infection, acute hepatitis C infection, malignancies-solid tumors (prostate, lung, colon, pancreas, stomach, bile duct, head and neck, cervix, breast, melanoma, kidney), hematologic malignancies. It will be appreciated by the skilled artisan that autoimmune disorders may include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, temporal arteritis, sjögren syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, goodpasture syndrome, myasthenia gravis, graves' disease, autoimmune hypothyroidism. It will be appreciated by the skilled artisan that allergic reactions may occur from a subject being administered penicillin and its derivatives, sulfamides, phenyloin, chloramphenicol, methyldopa, depot thioxanthene, interferon alfa, fludarabine, bacille calmette-guérin (BCG) vaccination, desvenlafaxine. It will be appreciated by the skilled artisan that hematologic malignancies may include chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis, and erythroleukemia. Hence, and in one embodiment, provided herein is a method for treating acquired hemophilia in a subject, comprising administering to the subject any of the compositions provided herein.
In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention are for the treatment or prevention of muscle bleeds. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention are for the treatment or prevention of joint bleeds. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of epistaxis and gum bleeding, mucous membrane bleeding, bleeding into the central nervous system. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of gastrointestinal or cerebral bleeding. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of low frequency mild bleeds. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of low frequency moderate bleeds. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of high frequency mild bleeds. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of high frequency moderate bleeds.
In one embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of asymptomatic hemophilia. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of mild to moderate hemophilia. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of severe hemophilia.
In one embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of hemorrhage, which in one embodiment, is uncontrollable hemorrhage, and, in another embodiment, intracerebral hemorrhage. In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the present invention provide therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of neonatal coagulopathies; severe hepatic disease; high-risk surgical procedures; traumatic blood loss; bone marrow transplantation; thrombocytopenias and platelet function disorders; urgent reversal of oral anticoagulation; congenital deficiencies of factors V, VII, X, and XI; or von Willebrand disease, in one embodiment, von Willebrand disease with inhibitors to von Willebrand factor.
In one embodiment, a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention is for the treatment of hemophilia or a related disease as described herein in a subject. In one embodiment, the subject is human. In another embodiment, the subject is a human child. In another embodiment, the subject is a domesticated animal. In another embodiment, the subject is a mammal. In another embodiment, the subject is a farm animal. In another embodiment, the subject is a monkey. In another embodiment, the subject is a horse. In another embodiment, the subject is a cow. In another embodiment, the subject is a mouse. In another embodiment, the subject is a rat. In another embodiment, the subject is canine. In another embodiment, the subject is feline. In another embodiment, the subject is bovine, ovine, porcine, equine, murine, or cervine. In one embodiment, the subject is male. In another embodiment, the subject is female. In one embodiment, the subject is a child, in another embodiment, an adolescent, in another embodiment, an adult or, in another embodiment, an elderly subject. In another embodiment, the subject is a pediatric subject, in another embodiment, a geriatric subject.
In another embodiment, a [(CTP)n>1-coagulation factor] as described herein comprises a full length coagulation factor or an active fragment thereof connected via a peptide bond on its carboxy terminus to at least one CTP unit with no CTPs on its amino terminus. In another embodiment, a [(CTP)n>1-coagulation factor] as described herein comprises a coagulation factor or an active fragment thereof connected via a peptide bond to at least one CTP unit which is connected to an additional CTP unit via a peptide bond with no CTPs on its amino terminus. In another embodiment, one nucleic acid molecule encodes an engineered coagulation factor comprising at least one CTP attached to its C-terminus and no CTPs on its amino terminus.
In another embodiment, the CTP is attached to the coagulation factor via a linker. In another embodiment, the linker which connects the CTP sequence to the coagulation factor is a covalent bond. In another embodiment, the linker which connects the CTP sequence to the coagulation factor is a peptide bond. In another embodiment, the linker which connects the CTP sequence to the coagulation factor is a substituted peptide bond. In another embodiment, the CTP sequence comprises: DPRFQDSSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPIL (SEQ ID NO: 1). In another embodiment, the CTP sequence comprises: SSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ (SEQ ID NO: 2). In another embodiment, the CTP sequence comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2.
In another embodiment, the carboxy terminal peptide (CTP) peptide of the present invention comprises the amino acid sequence from amino acid 112 to position 145 of human chorionic gonadotropin, as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In another embodiment, the CTP sequence of the present invention comprises the amino acid sequence from amino acid 118 to position 145 of human chorionic gonadotropin, as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. In another embodiment, the CTP sequence also commences from any position between positions 112-118 and terminates at position 145 of human chorionic gonadotropin. In some embodiments, the CTP sequence peptide is 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 or 34 amino acids long and commences at position 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 or 118 of the CTP amino acid sequence.
In another embodiment, the CTP peptide is a variant of chorionic gonadotropin CTP which differs from the native CTP by 1-5 conservative amino acid substitutions as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,712,122, which is incorporated herein by reference. In another embodiment, the CTP peptide is a variant of chorionic gonadotropin CTP which differs from the native CTP by 1 conservative amino acid substitution. In another embodiment, the CTP peptide is a variant of chorionic gonadotropin CTP which differs from the native CTP by 2 conservative amino acid substitutions. In another embodiment, the CTP peptide is a variant of chorionic gonadotropin CTP which differs from the native CTP by 3 conservative amino acid substitutions. In another embodiment, the CTP peptide is a variant of chorionic gonadotropin CTP which differs from the native CTP by 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. In another embodiment, the CTP peptide is a variant of chorionic gonadotropin CTP which differs from the native CTP by 5 conservative amino acid substitutions.
In another embodiment, the CTP peptide amino acid sequence of the present invention is at least 70% homologous to the native CTP amino acid sequence or a peptide thereof. In another embodiment, the CTP peptide amino acid sequence of the present invention is at least 80% homologous to the native CTP amino acid sequence or a peptide thereof. In another embodiment, the CTP peptide amino acid sequence of the present invention is at least 90% homologous to the native CTP amino acid sequence or a peptide thereof. In another embodiment, the CTP peptide amino acid sequence of the present invention is at least 95% homologous to the native CTP amino acid sequence or a peptide thereof. In another embodiment, the CTP peptide amino acid sequence of the present invention is at least 98% homologous to the native CTP amino acid sequence or a peptide thereof.
In another embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding the CTP peptide of the present invention is at least 70% homologous to the native human CTP DNA sequence or a peptide thereof. In another embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding the CTP peptide of the present invention is at least 80% homologous to the native human CTP DNA sequence or a peptide thereof. In another embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding the CTP peptide of the present invention is at least 90% homologous to the native CTP DNA sequence or a peptide thereof. In another embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding the CTP peptide of the present invention is at least 95% homologous to the native CTP DNA sequence or a peptide thereof. In another embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding the CTP peptide of the present invention is at least 98% homologous to the native CTP DNA sequence or a peptide thereof.
In one embodiment, at least one of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences is truncated. In another embodiment, both of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are truncated. In another embodiment, 2 of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are truncated. In another embodiment, 3 of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are truncated. In another embodiment, 4 of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are truncated. In another embodiment, 5 of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are truncated. In another embodiment, 2 or more of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are truncated. In another embodiment, all of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are truncated. In one embodiment, the truncated CTP comprises the first 10 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 3. In another embodiment, SEQ ID NO: 3 comprises the following amino acid (AA) sequence: SSSSKAPPPSLP.
In one embodiment, the truncated CTP comprises the first 10 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4. In another embodiment, SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises the following amino acid (AA) sequence: SSSSKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ.
In one embodiment, the truncated CTP comprises the first 11 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4. In one embodiment, the truncated CTP comprises the first 12 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4. In one embodiment, the truncated CTP comprises the first 8 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 3. In one embodiment, the truncated CTP comprises the first 13 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4. In one embodiment, the truncated CTP comprises the first 14 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4. In one embodiment, the truncated CTP comprises the first 6 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 3. In one embodiment, the truncated CTP comprises the first 5 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 3.
In one embodiment, at least one of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences is glycosylated. In another embodiment, both of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are glycosylated. In another embodiment, 2 of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are glycosylated. In another embodiment, 3 of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are glycosylated. In another embodiment, 4 of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are glycosylated. In another embodiment, 5 of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are glycosylated. In another embodiment, 2 or more of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are glycosylated. In another embodiment, all of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences are glycosylated.
In one embodiment, the CTP sequence of the present invention comprises at least one glycosylation site. In one embodiment, the CTP sequence of the present invention comprises 2 glycosylation sites. In one embodiment, the CTP sequence of the present invention comprises 3 glycosylation sites. In one embodiment, the CTP sequence of the present invention comprises 4 glycosylation sites. In one embodiment, one or more of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences is fully glycosylated. In another embodiment, one or more of the chorionic gonadotropin CTP amino acid sequences is partially glycosylated. In one embodiment, partially glycosylated indicates that one of the CTP glycosylation sites is glycosylated. In another embodiment, two of the CTP glycosylation sites are glycosylated. In another embodiment, three of the CTP glycosylation sites are glycosylated.
In some embodiments, the CTP sequence modification is advantageous in permitting the usage of lower dosages. In some embodiments, the CTP sequences modification is advantageous in permitting fewer dosages. In some embodiments, the CTP sequences modification is advantageous in permitting a safe, long-acting effect.
In some embodiments, “polypeptide”, “engineered coagulation factor”, or “protein” as used herein encompasses native polypeptides (either degradation products, synthetically synthesized polypeptides or recombinant polypeptides) and peptidomimetics (typically, synthetically synthesized polypeptides), as well as peptoids and semipeptoids which are polypeptide analogs, which have, in some embodiments, modifications rendering the polypeptides comprising a coagulation factor even more stable while in a body or more capable of penetrating into cells.
In some embodiments, modifications include, but are limited to C terminus modification, polypeptide bond modification, including, but not limited to, CH2-NH, CH2-S, CH2-S═O, O═C—NH, CH2-O, CH2-CH2, S═C—NH, CH═CH or CF═CH, backbone modifications, and residue modification. Methods for preparing peptidomimetic compounds are well known in the art and are specified, for example, in Quantitative Drug Design, C. A. Ramsden Gd., Chapter 17.2, F. Choplin Pergamon Press (1992), which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. Further details in this respect are provided hereinunder.
In some embodiments, polypeptide bonds (—CO—NH—) within the polypeptide are substituted. In some embodiments, the polypeptide bonds are substituted by N-methylated bonds (—N(CH3)-CO—). In some embodiments, the polypeptide bonds are substituted by ester bonds (—C(R)H—C—O—C(R)—N—). In some embodiments, the polypeptide bonds are substituted by ketomethylen bonds (—CO—CH2-). In some embodiments, the polypeptide bonds are substituted by α-aza bonds (—NH—N(R)—CO—), wherein R is any alkyl, e.g., methyl, carba bonds (—CH2-NH—). In some embodiments, the polypeptide bonds are substituted by hydroxyethylene bonds (—CH(OH)—CH2-). In some embodiments, the polypeptide bonds are substituted by thioamide bonds (—CS—NH—). In some embodiments, the polypeptide bonds are substituted by olefinic double bonds (—CH═CH—). In some embodiments, the polypeptide bonds are substituted by retro amide bonds (—NH—CO—). In some embodiments, the polypeptide bonds are substituted by polypeptide derivatives (—N(R)—CH2-CO—), wherein R is the “normal” side chain, naturally presented on the carbon atom. In some embodiments, these modifications occur at any of the bonds along the polypeptide chain and in one embodiment at several (2-3 bonds) at the same time.
In some embodiments, natural aromatic amino acids of the polypeptide such as Trp, Tyr and Phe, are substituted for synthetic non-natural acid such as Phenylglycine, TIC, naphthylelanine (Nol), ring-methylated derivatives of Phe, halogenated derivatives of Phe or o-methyl-Tyr. In some embodiments, the polypeptides of the present invention include one or more modified amino acid or one or more non-amino acid monomers (e.g. fatty acid, complex carbohydrates etc).
In one embodiment, “amino acid” or “amino acid sequence” is understood to include the 20 naturally occurring amino acid; those amino acid often modified post-translationally in vivo, including, for example, hydroxyproline, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine; and other unusual amino acid including, but not limited to, 2-aminoadipic acid, hydroxylysine, isodesmosine, nor-valine, nor-leucine and ornithine. In one embodiment, “amino acid” includes both D- and L-amino acids.
In some embodiments, the polypeptides of the present invention are utilized in therapeutics which requires the polypeptides comprising a coagulation factor to be in a soluble form. In some embodiments, the polypeptides of the present invention include one or more non-natural or natural polar amino acid, including but not limited to serine and threonine which are capable of increasing polypeptide solubility due to their hydroxyl-containing side chain.
In some embodiments, the engineered coagulation factor of the present invention is utilized in a linear form, although it will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that in cases where cyclicization does not severely interfere with engineered coagulation factors characteristics, cyclic forms of the engineered coagulation factors can also be utilized.
In some embodiments, the engineered coagulation factors of the present invention are biochemically synthesized such as by using standard solid phase techniques. In some embodiments, these biochemical methods include exclusive solid phase synthesis, partial solid phase synthesis, fragment condensation, or classical solution synthesis.
In some embodiments, recombinant protein techniques are used to generate the engineered coagulation factors of the present invention. In some embodiments, recombinant protein techniques are used for the generation of relatively long polypeptides (e.g., longer than 18-25 amino acids). In some embodiments, recombinant protein techniques are used for the generation of large amounts of the engineered coagulation factors of the present invention. In some embodiments, recombinant techniques are described by Bitter et al., (1987) Methods in Enzymol. 153:516-544, Studier et al. (1990) Methods in Enzymol. 185:60-89, Brisson et al. (1984) Nature 310:511-514, Takamatsu et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6:307-311, Coruzzi et al. (1984) EMBO J. 3:1671-1680 and Brogli et al., (1984) Science 224:838-843, Gurley et al. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:559-565 and Weissbach & Weissbach, 1988, Methods for Plant Molecular Biology, Academic Press, NY, Section VIII, pp 421-463, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a polynucleotide molecule comprising the coding portion of a gene encoding a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, as described hereinabove. In another embodiment, the invention provides a polynucleotide molecule consisting of the coding portion of a gene encoding a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, as described hereinabove. In another embodiment, the invention provides a polynucleotide molecule consisting essentially of the coding portion of a gene encoding a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, as described hereinabove.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, as described hereinabove. In another embodiment, the invention provides a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, as described hereinabove. In another embodiment, the invention provides a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide consisting essentially of a coagulation factor and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, as described hereinabove. In one embodiment, the polynucleotide is a polynucleotide sequence. In one embodiment, the polynucleotide is a polynucleotide molecule.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide molecule as described herein. In another embodiment, the present invention provides an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide and three to five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a cell comprising the expression vector as described herein. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a cell comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a cell comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a composition comprising the expression vector as described herein. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a composition comprising the cell as described herein. In another embodiment, the cell is a eukaryotic cell. In another embodiment, the cell is a prokaryotic cell.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a CTP-modified coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching one to ten chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said coagulation factor, thereby producing a CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a CTP-modified coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching one to ten polynucleotide sequences encoding a chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptide (CTP) to the carboxy terminus of a polynucleotide sequence encoding said coagulation factor, thereby producing a CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby producing a CTP-modified FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby producing a CTP-modified FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the engineered coagulation factors of the present invention are synthesized using a polynucleotide molecule encoding a polypeptide of the present invention. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide molecule encoding the engineered coagulation factors of the present invention is ligated into an expression vector, comprising a transcriptional control of a cis-regulatory sequence (e.g., promoter sequence). In some embodiments, the cis-regulatory sequence is suitable for directing constitutive expression of an engineered coagulation factor of the present invention. In some embodiments, the cis-regulatory sequence is suitable for directing tissue-specific expression of the engineered coagulation factors of the present invention. In some embodiments, the cis-regulatory sequence is suitable for directing inducible expression of the engineered coagulation factors of the present invention.
In some embodiment, tissue-specific promoters suitable for use with the present invention include sequences which are functional in one or more specific cell populations. Examples include, but are not limited to, promoters such as albumin that is liver-specific [Pinkert et al., (1987) Genes Dev. 1:268-277], lymphoid-specific promoters [Calame et al., (1988) Adv. Immunol. 43:235-275]; in particular promoters of T-cell receptors [Winoto et al., (1989) EMBO J. 8:729-733] and immunoglobulins; [Banerji et al. (1983) Cell 33729-740], neuron-specific promoters such as the neurofilament promoter [Byrne et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:5473-5477], pancreas-specific promoters [Edlunch et al. (1985) Science 230:912-916] or mammary gland-specific promoters such as the milk whey promoter (U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,316 and European Application Publication No. 264,166). Inducible promoters suitable for use with the present invention include, for example, the tetracycline-inducible promoter (Srour, M. A., et al., 2003. Thromb. Haemost. 90: 398-405).
In one embodiment, the phrase “a polynucleotide molecule” refers to a single or double stranded nucleic acid sequence which is isolated and provided in the form of an RNA sequence, a complementary polynucleotide sequence (cDNA), a genomic polynucleotide sequence and/or a composite polynucleotide sequences (e.g., a combination of the above).
In one embodiment, a “complementary polynucleotide sequence” refers to a sequence, which results from reverse transcription of messenger RNA using a reverse transcriptase or any other RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. In one embodiment, the sequence can be subsequently amplified in vivo or in vitro using a DNA polymerase.
In one embodiment, a “genomic polynucleotide sequence” refers to a sequence derived (isolated) from a chromosome and thus it represents a contiguous portion of a chromosome.
In one embodiment, a “composite polynucleotide sequence” refers to a sequence, which is at least partially complementary and at least partially genomic. In one embodiment, a composite sequence can include some exonal sequences required to encode the polypeptide of the present invention, as well as some intronic sequences interposing therebetween. In one embodiment, the intronic sequences can be of any source, including of other genes, and typically will include conserved splicing signal sequences. In one embodiment, intronic sequences include cis-acting expression regulatory elements.
In one embodiment, following expression and secretion, the signal peptides are cleaved from the precursor engineered coagulation factors resulting in the mature engineered coagulation factors.
In some embodiments, polynucleotides of the present invention are prepared using PCR techniques, or any other method or procedure known to one skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the procedure involves the ligation of two different DNA sequences (See, for example, “Current Protocols in Molecular Biology”, eds. Ausubel et al., John Wiley & Sons, 1992).
In one embodiment, polynucleotides of the present invention which encode the engineered coagulation factors are inserted into expression vectors (i.e., a nucleic acid construct) to enable expression of the recombinant polypeptide. In one embodiment, the expression vector of the present invention includes additional sequences which render this vector suitable for replication and integration in prokaryotes. In one embodiment, the expression vector of the present invention includes additional sequences which render this vector suitable for replication and integration in eukaryotes. In one embodiment, the expression vector of the present invention includes a shuttle vector which renders this vector suitable for replication and integration in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In some embodiments, cloning vectors comprise transcription and translation initiation sequences (e.g., promoters, enhances) and transcription and translation terminators (e.g., polyadenylation signals).
In one embodiment, a variety of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells can be used as host-expression systems to express the coagulation factors of the present invention. In some embodiments, these include, but are not limited to, microorganisms, such as bacteria transformed with a recombinant bacteriophage DNA, plasmid DNA or cosmid DNA expression vector containing the polypeptide coding sequence; yeast transformed with recombinant yeast expression vectors containing the polypeptide coding sequence; plant cell systems infected with recombinant virus expression vectors (e.g., cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV; tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) or transformed with recombinant plasmid expression vectors, such as Ti plasmid, containing the polypeptide coding sequence.
In some embodiments, non-bacterial expression systems are used (e.g. mammalian expression systems such as CHO cells) to express the coagulation factors of the present invention. In one embodiment, the expression vector used to express polynucleotides of the present invention in mammalian cells is pCI-DHFR vector comprising a CMV promoter and a neomycin resistance gene. Construction of the pCI-dhfr vector is described, according to one embodiment, in Example 1.
In some embodiments, in bacterial systems of the present invention, a number of expression vectors can be advantageously selected depending upon the use intended for the polypeptide expressed. In one embodiment, large quantities of polypeptide are desired. In one embodiment, vectors that direct the expression of high levels of the protein product, possibly as a fusion with a hydrophobic signal sequence, which directs the expressed product into the periplasm of the bacteria or the culture medium where the protein product is readily purified are desired. In one embodiment, certain fusion proteins are engineered with a specific cleavage site to aid in recovery of the polypeptide. In one embodiment, vectors adaptable to such manipulation include, but are not limited to, the pET series of E. coli expression vectors [Studier et al., Methods in Enzymol. 185:60-89 (1990)].
In one embodiment, yeast expression systems are used. In one embodiment, a number of vectors containing constitutive or inducible promoters can be used in yeast as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,447, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In another embodiment, vectors which promote integration of foreign DNA sequences into the yeast chromosome are used.
In one embodiment, the expression vector of the present invention can further include additional polynucleotide sequences that allow, for example, the translation of several proteins from a single mRNA such as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and sequences for genomic integration of the promoter-chimeric polypeptide.
In some embodiments, mammalian expression vectors include, but are not limited to, pcDNA3, pcDNA3.1(+/−), pGL3, pZeoSV2(+/−), pSecTag2, pDisplay, pEF/myc/cyto, pCMV/myc/cyto, pCR3.1, pSinRep5, DH26S, DHBB, pNMT1, pNMT41, pNMT81, which are available from Invitrogen, pCI which is available from Promega, pMbac, pPbac, pBK-RSV and pBK-CMV which are available from Strategene, pTRES which is available from Clontech, and their derivatives.
In some embodiments, expression vectors containing regulatory elements from eukaryotic viruses such as retroviruses are used in the present invention. SV40 vectors include pSVT7 and pMT2. In some embodiments, vectors derived from bovine papilloma virus include pBV-1MTHA, and vectors derived from Epstein Bar virus include pHEBO, and p2O5. Other exemplary vectors include pMSG, pAV009/A+, pMTO10/A+, pMAMneo-5, baculovirus pDSVE, and any other vector allowing expression of proteins under the direction of the SV-40 early promoter, SV-40 later promoter, metallothionein promoter, murine mammary tumor virus promoter, Rous sarcoma virus promoter, polyhedrin promoter, or other promoters shown effective for expression in eukaryotic cells.
In some embodiments, recombinant viral vectors are useful for in vivo expression of the coagulation factors of the present invention since they offer advantages such as lateral infection and targeting specificity. In one embodiment, lateral infection is inherent in the life cycle of, for example, a retrovirus and is the process by which a single infected cell produces many progeny virions that bud off and infect neighboring cells. In one embodiment, the result is that a large area becomes rapidly infected, most of which was not initially infected by the original viral particles. In one embodiment, viral vectors are produced that are unable to spread laterally. In one embodiment, this characteristic can be useful if the desired purpose is to introduce a specified gene into only a localized number of targeted cells.
In one embodiment, various methods can be used to introduce the expression vector of the present invention into cells. Such methods are generally described in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory, New York (1989, 1992), in Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, Baltimore, Md. (1989), Chang et al., Somatic Gene Therapy, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Mich. (1995), Vega et al., Gene Targeting, CRC Press, Ann Arbor Mich. (1995), Vectors: A Survey of Molecular Cloning Vectors and Their Uses, Butterworths, Boston Mass. (1988) and Gilboa et at. [Biotechniques 4 (6): 504-512, 1986] and include, for example, stable or transient transfection, lipofection, electroporation and infection with recombinant viral vectors. In addition, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,464,764 and 5,487,992, incorporated herein by reference, for positive-negative selection methods.
In some embodiments, introduction of nucleic acid by viral infection offers several advantages over other methods such as lipofection and electroporation, since higher transfection efficiency can be obtained due to the infectious nature of viruses.
In one embodiment, it will be appreciated that the engineered coagulation factors of the present invention can also be expressed from a nucleic acid construct administered to the individual employing any suitable mode of administration, described hereinabove (i.e., in vivo gene therapy). In one embodiment, the nucleic acid construct is introduced into a suitable cell via an appropriate gene delivery vehicle/method (transfection, transduction, homologous recombination, etc.) and an expression system as needed and then the modified cells are expanded in culture and returned to the individual (i.e., ex vivo gene therapy).
In one embodiment, plant expression vectors are used. In one embodiment, the expression of a polypeptide coding sequence is driven by a number of promoters. In some embodiments, viral promoters such as the 35S RNA and 19S RNA promoters of CaMV [Brisson et al., Nature 310:511-514 (1984)], or the coat protein promoter to TMV [Takamatsu et al., EMBO J. 6:307-311 (1987)] are used. In another embodiment, plant promoters are used such as, for example, the small subunit of RUBISCO [Coruzzi et al., EMBO J. 3:1671-1680 (1984); and Brogli et al., Science 224:838-843 (1984)] or heat shock promoters, e.g., soybean hsp17.5-E or hsp17.3-B [Gurley et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:559-565 (1986)]. In one embodiment, constructs are introduced into plant cells using Ti plasmid, Ri plasmid, plant viral vectors, direct DNA transformation, microinjection, electroporation and other techniques well known to the skilled artisan. See, for example, Weissbach & Weissbach [Methods for Plant Molecular Biology, Academic Press, NY, Section VIII, pp 421-463 (1988)]. Other expression systems such as insects and mammalian host cell systems, which are well known in the art, can also be used by the present invention.
It will be appreciated that other than containing the necessary elements for the transcription and translation of the inserted coding sequence (encoding the polypeptide), the expression construct of the present invention can also include sequences engineered to optimize stability, production, purification, yield or activity of the expressed polypeptide.
In some embodiments, transformed cells are cultured under effective conditions, which allow for the expression of high amounts of recombinant engineered coagulation factors. In some embodiments, effective culture conditions include, but are not limited to, effective media, bioreactor, temperature, pH and oxygen conditions that permit protein production. In one embodiment, an effective medium refers to any medium in which a cell is cultured to produce the recombinant polypeptide of the present invention. In some embodiments, a medium typically includes an aqueous solution having assimilable carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources, and appropriate salts, minerals, metals and other nutrients, such as vitamins. In some embodiments, cells of the present invention can be cultured in conventional fermentation bioreactors, shake flasks, test tubes, microtiter dishes and petri plates. In some embodiments, culturing is carried out at a temperature, pH and oxygen content appropriate for a recombinant cell. In some embodiments, the determination of culturing conditions are within the expertise of one of ordinary skill in the art.
In some embodiments, depending on the vector and host system used for production, resultant engineered coagulation factors of the present invention either remain within the recombinant cell, are secreted into the fermentation medium, are secreted into a space between two cellular membranes, such as the periplasmic space in E. coli; or are retained on the outer surface of a cell or viral membrane.
In one embodiment, following a predetermined time in culture, recovery of the recombinant engineered coagulation factor is effected.
In one embodiment, the phrase “recovering the recombinant engineered coagulation factor” used herein refers to collecting the whole fermentation medium containing the polypeptide and need not imply additional steps of separation or purification.
In one embodiment, engineered coagulation factors of the present invention are purified using a variety of standard protein purification techniques, such as, but not limited to, affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, filtration, electrophoresis, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, reverse phase chromatography, concanavalin A chromatography, chromatofocusing and differential solubilization.
In one embodiment, to facilitate recovery, the expressed coding sequence can be engineered to encode the engineered coagulation factor of the present invention and fused cleavable moiety. In one embodiment, a fusion protein can be designed so that the polypeptide can be readily isolated by affinity chromatography; e.g., by immobilization on a column specific for the cleavable moiety. In one embodiment, a cleavage site is engineered between the engineered coagulation factor and the cleavable moiety and the polypeptide can be released from the chromatographic column by treatment with an appropriate enzyme or agent that specifically cleaves the fusion protein at this site [e.g., see Booth et al., Immunol. Lett. 19:65-70 (1988); and Gardella et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265:15854-15859 (1990)].
In one embodiment, the engineered coagulation factor of the present invention is retrieved in “substantially pure” form.
In one embodiment, the phrase “substantially pure” refers to a purity that allows for the effective use of the protein in the applications described herein.
In one embodiment, the engineered coagulation factor of the present invention can also be synthesized using in vitro expression systems. In one embodiment, in vitro synthesis methods are well known in the art and the components of the system are commercially available.
In some embodiments, the recombinant engineered coagulation factors are synthesized and purified; their therapeutic efficacy can be assayed either in vivo or in vitro. In one embodiment, the binding activities of the recombinant engineered coagulation factors of the present invention can be ascertained using various assays as known to one of skill in the art.
In another embodiment, the engineered coagulation factor of the present invention can be provided to the individual per se. In one embodiment, the engineered coagulation factor of the present invention can be provided to the individual as part of a pharmaceutical composition where it is mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
In another embodiment, a “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a preparation of one or more of the active ingredients described herein with other chemical components such as physiologically suitable carriers and excipients. The purpose of a pharmaceutical composition is to facilitate administration of a compound to an organism.
In another embodiment, “active ingredient” refers to the polypeptide sequence of interest, which is accountable for the biological effect.
In another embodiment, any of the compositions of the present invention will comprise at least one CTP sequence bound only to the carboxy terminus of an engineered coagulation factor of interest, in any form. In one embodiment, the present invention provides combined preparations. In one embodiment, “a combined preparation” defines especially a “kit of parts” in the sense that the combination partners as defined above can be dosed independently or by use of different fixed combinations with distinguished amounts of the combination partners i.e., simultaneously, concurrently, separately or sequentially. In some embodiments, the parts of the kit of parts can then, e.g., be administered simultaneously or chronologically staggered, that is at different time points and with equal or different time intervals for any part of the kit of parts. The ratio of the total amounts of the combination partners, in some embodiments, can be administered in the combined preparation. In one embodiment, the combined preparation can be varied, e.g., in order to cope with the needs of a patient subpopulation to be treated or the needs of the single patient which different needs can be due to a particular disease, severity of a disease, age, sex, or body weight as can be readily made by a person skilled in the art.
In another embodiment, the phrases “physiologically acceptable carrier” and “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” which are interchangeably used refer to a carrier or a diluent that does not cause significant irritation to an organism and does not abrogate the biological activity and properties of the administered compound. An adjuvant is included under these phrases. In one embodiment, one of the ingredients included in the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be for example polyethylene glycol (PEG), a biocompatible polymer with a wide range of solubility in both organic and aqueous media (Mutter et al. (1979)).
In another embodiment, “excipient” refers to an inert substance added to a pharmaceutical composition to further facilitate administration of an active ingredient. In one embodiment, excipients include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars and types of starch, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, vegetable oils and polyethylene glycols.
Techniques for formulation and administration of drugs are found in “Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,” Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., latest edition, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Various embodiments of dosage ranges are contemplated by this invention. The dosage of the engineered coagulation factor of the present invention, in one embodiment, is in the range of 0.005-100 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.005-5 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.01-50 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.1-20 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.1-10 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.01-5 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.001-0.01 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.001-0.1 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.1-5 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.5-50 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.2-15 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 0.8-65 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 1-50 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 5-10 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 8-15 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 10-20 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 20-40 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 60-120 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 12-40 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 40-60 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 50-100 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 1-60 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 15-25 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 5-10 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in the range of 55-65 mg/day.
In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 50-500 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 50-150 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 100-200 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 150-250 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 200-300 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 250-400 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 300-500 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is in a range of 350-500 mg/day.
In one embodiment, the dosage is 20 mg/day. In one embodiment, the dosage is 30 mg/day. In one embodiment, the dosage is 40 mg/day. In one embodiment, the dosage is 50 mg/day. In one embodiment, the dosage is 0.01 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 0.1 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 0.530 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 0.05 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 50 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 20-70 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 5 mg/day.
In one embodiment, the dosage of the CTP-modified coagulation factor is 1-5 mg/day. In one embodiment, the dosage of the CTP-modified coagulation factor is 1-3 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage of the CTP-modified coagulation factor is 2 mg/day.
In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/2 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/3 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/4 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/5 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/6 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/week. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/9 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/11 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 1-90 mg/14 days.
In another embodiment, the coagulation factor dosage is 10-50 mg/day. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10-50 mg/2 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10-50 mg/3 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10-50 mg/4 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10-50 micrograms mg/5 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10-50 mg/6 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10-50 mg/week. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10-50 mg/9 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10-50 mg/11 days. In another embodiment, the dosage is 10-50 mg/14 days.
In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is formulated in an intranasal dosage form. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is formulated in an injectable dosage form. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 0.0001 mg to 0.6 mg. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 0.001 mg to 0.005 mg. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 0.005 mg to 0.01 mg. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 0.01 mg to 0.3 mg. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose in a dose ranging from 0.2 mg to 0.6 mg. In another embodiment, the coagulation factor is free of CTPs on its amino terminus.
In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 1-100 micrograms. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 10-80 micrograms. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 20-60 micrograms. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 10-50 micrograms. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 40-80 micrograms. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 10-30 micrograms. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 30-60 micrograms.
In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 0.2 mg to 2 mg. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 2 mg to 6 mg. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 4 mg to 10 mg. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject in a dose ranging from 5 mg and 15 mg.
In one embodiment, the dosage of the CTP-modified FIX comprises 50% of the amount of FIX administered in the recommended dosage of recombinant FIX (e.g., Benefix®, Wyeth or Mononine®, CSL Behring) to patients over the same period of time. In one embodiment, the dosage of the CTP-modified FVIIa comprises 50% of the amount of FVIIa administered in the recommended dosage of recombinant FVIIa (e.g., NovoSeven®) to patients over the same period of time. In one embodiment, the dosage of the CTP-modified FVII comprises 50% of the amount of FVII administered in the recommended dosage of recombinant FVII to patients over the same period of time. For example, if NovoSeven® is given at a dose of 90 mcg/kg every two hours to a patient pre- or post-operatively (i.e., 7.65 mg every two hours or 45.9 mg in six doses over a 12 hour period, for an 85 kg patient), a CTP-modified coagulation factor of the present invention may be given at a dose that is 50% of the patient's 12-hour dose of recombinant FVIIa (i.e., at a dose of 23 mg given once over a 12-hour period).
In another embodiment, the dosage of CTP-modified coagulation factor is such that it contains 45% of the amount of the coagulation factor than that administered using the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the dosage of CTP-modified coagulation factor is such that it contains 10% of the amount of the coagulation factor than that administered using the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the dosage of CTP-modified coagulation factor is such that it contains 25% of the amount of the coagulation factor than that administered using the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the dosage of CTP-modified coagulation factor is such that it contains 35% of the amount of the coagulation factor than that administered using the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the dosage of CTP-modified coagulation factor is such that it contains 75% of the amount of the coagulation factor than that administered using the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor. In another embodiment, the dosage of CTP-modified coagulation factor is such that it contains 100% of the amount of the coagulation factor than that administered using the non-CTP-modified coagulation factor. However, even if the dosage contains the same amount of coagulation factor (e.g. FIX) as non-CTP-modified coagulation factor, it is still advantageous to subjects in that it will be administered less frequently because of its increased half-life compared to recombinant coagulation factors.
In another embodiment, a therapeutically effective amount of a conjugated coagulation factor is between 50-500 IU per kg body weight administered once a day to once a week for FIX or 10μ/Kg-500μ/Kg for FVIIa. In another embodiment, a therapeutically effective amount of a conjugated coagulation factor is 150-250 IU per kg body weight, administered once a day. In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a conjugated coagulation factor is formulated at a strength effective for administration by various means to a human patient.
In one embodiment, FIX is administered in an amount effective to bring circulating Factor IX activity to 20-30 IU/dL in a subject. In another embodiment, FIX is administered in an amount effective to bring circulating Factor IX activity to 25-50 IU/dL in a subject. In another embodiment, FIX is administered in an amount effective to bring circulating Factor IX activity to 50-100 IU/dL in a subject. In another embodiment, FIX is administered in an amount effective to bring circulating Factor IX activity to 100-200 IU/dL in a subject. In another embodiment, FIX is administered in an amount effective to bring circulating Factor IX activity to 10-50 IU/dL in a subject. In another embodiment, FIX is administered in an amount effective to bring circulating Factor IX activity to 20-100 IU/dL in a subject.
In one embodiment, the CTP-modified coagulation factor is administered to a subject on a weekly basis. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified coagulation factor is administered to a subject twice a week. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified coagulation factor is administered to a subject on a fortnightly (once every two weeks) basis. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified coagulation factor is administered to a subject twice a month. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified coagulation factor is administered to a subject once a month. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified coagulation factor is administered to a subject on a daily basis. In another embodiment, the CTP-modified coagulation factor is administered to a subject every two days.
In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject once every three days. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject once every four days. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject once every five days. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject once every six days. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject once every 7-14 days. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject once every 10-20 days. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject once every 5-15 days. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is administered to a subject once every 15-30 days.
In another embodiment, the methods of the invention include increasing the compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptide (CTP) attached to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby increasing compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy.
In another embodiment, the methods of the invention include increasing the compliance of patients afflicted with chronic illnesses that are in need of a coagulation factor therapy. In another embodiment, the methods of the invention enable reduction in the dosing frequency of a coagulation factor by modifying the coagulation factor with CTPs as described hereinabove.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby reducing the dosing frequency of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby reducing the dosing frequency of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the term compliance comprises adherence. In another embodiment, the methods of the invention include increasing the compliance of patients in need of a coagulation factor therapy by reducing the frequency of administration of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, reduction in the frequency of administration of the coagulation factor is achieved due to the CTP modifications which render the CTP-modified coagulation factor more stable. In another embodiment, reduction in the frequency of administration of the coagulation factor is achieved as a result of increasing T1⁄2 of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, reduction in the frequency of administration of the coagulation factor is achieved as a result of increasing the clearance time or reducing the clearance rate of the coagulation factor.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the clearance rate of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby reducing the clearance rate of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the clearance rate of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby reducing the clearance rate of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, reduction in the frequency of administration of the coagulation factor is achieved as a result of increasing the AUC measure of the coagulation factor.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching one to ten CTPs to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby reducing a dosing frequency of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching one to five CTPs to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby reducing a dosing frequency of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching three CTPs to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby reducing a dosing frequency of the coagulation factor. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a coagulation factor, comprising the step of attaching three to five CTPs to the carboxy terminus of the coagulation factor, thereby reducing a dosing frequency of the coagulation factor.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of increasing compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to ten chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby increasing compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of increasing compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby increasing compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of increasing compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby increasing compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of increasing compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby increasing compliance in the use of coagulation factor therapy.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of preventing or treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in a subject, comprising providing to said subject a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to ten chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in said subject. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of preventing or treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in a subject, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby preventing or treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in said subject. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of preventing or treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in a subject, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby preventing or treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in said subject. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of preventing or treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in a subject, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby preventing or treating a blood clotting or coagulation disorder in said subject.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of preventing hemophilia in a subject, comprising providing to said subject a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to ten chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby preventing hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of preventing hemophilia in a subject, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby preventing hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of preventing hemophilia in a subject, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby preventing hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of preventing hemophilia in a subject, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby preventing hemophilia in said subject.
In another embodiment, the present invention shows that the compositions provided herein are surprisingly more effectively absorbed into the bloodstream after SC administration (see Examples 7-9 herein). To be able to administer FVIIa subcutaneously serves as an advantage as it can be used for prophylactic applications. Subcutaneous injections are also much easier for patients to self-inject, and are advantage when the patients are very young and their veins are small and difficult to find.
In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating hemophilia in a subject, comprising providing to said subject a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to ten chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating hemophilia in a subject, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and one to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating hemophilia in a subject, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating hemophilia in a subject, comprising providing to a subject in need thereof, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and three to five chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides attached to the carboxy terminus of a coagulation factor, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject.
Oral administration, in one embodiment, comprises a unit dosage form comprising tablets, capsules, lozenges, chewable tablets, suspensions, emulsions and the like. Such unit dosage forms comprise a safe and effective amount of the desired coagulation factor of the invention, each of which is in one embodiment, from about 0.7 or 3.5 mg to about 280 mg/70 kg, or in another embodiment, about 0.5 or 10 mg to about 210 mg/70 kg. The pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers suitable for the preparation of unit dosage forms for peroral administration are well-known in the art. In some embodiments, tablets typically comprise conventional pharmaceutically-compatible adjuvants as inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, mannitol, lactose and cellulose; binders such as starch, gelatin and sucrose; disintegrants such as starch, alginic acid and croscarmelose; lubricants such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid and talc. In one embodiment, glidants such as silicon dioxide can be used to improve flow characteristics of the powder-mixture. In one embodiment, coloring agents, such as the FD&C dyes, can be added for appearance. Sweeteners and flavoring agents, such as aspartame, saccharin, menthol, peppermint, and fruit flavors, are useful adjuvants for chewable tablets. Capsules typically comprise one or more solid diluents disclosed above. In some embodiments, the selection of carrier components depends on secondary considerations like taste, cost, and shelf stability, which are not critical for the purposes of this invention, and can be readily made by a person skilled in the art.
In one embodiment, the oral dosage form comprises predefined release profile. In one embodiment, the oral dosage form of the present invention comprises an extended release tablets, capsules, lozenges or chewable tablets. In one embodiment, the oral dosage form of the present invention comprises a slow release tablets, capsules, lozenges or chewable tablets. In one embodiment, the oral dosage form of the present invention comprises an immediate release tablets, capsules, lozenges or chewable tablets. In one embodiment, the oral dosage form is formulated according to the desired release profile of the pharmaceutical active ingredient as known to one skilled in the art.
Peroral compositions, in some embodiments, comprise liquid solutions, emulsions, suspensions, and the like. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers suitable for preparation of such compositions are well known in the art. In some embodiments, liquid oral compositions comprise from about 0.001% to about 0.933% of the desired compound or compounds, or in another embodiment, from about 0.01% to about 10%.
In some embodiments, compositions for use in the methods of this invention comprise solutions or emulsions, which in some embodiments are aqueous solutions or emulsions comprising a safe and effective amount of the compounds of the present invention and optionally, other compounds, intended for topical intranasal administration. In some embodiments, h compositions comprise from about 0.001% to about 10.0% w/v of a subject compound, more preferably from about 00.1% to about 2.0, which is used for systemic delivery of the compounds by the intranasal route.
In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is injected into the muscle (intramuscular injection). In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is injected below the skin (subcutaneous injection). In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is injected into the muscle. In another embodiment, a polypeptide comprising a coagulation factor and at least one CTP unit is injected into the skin. In another embodiment, a coagulation factor as described herein is administered via systemic administration. In another embodiment, a coagulation factor as described herein is administered by intravenous injection. In another embodiment, administration can be parenteral, pulmonary, oral, topical, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, transnasal, intraocular, ophthalmic, epidural, buccal, rectal, transmucosal, intestinal or parenteral delivery, including intramedullary injections as well as intrathecal or direct intraventricular administration.
In another embodiment, the preparation is administered in a local rather than systemic manner, for example, via injection of the preparation directly into a specific region of a patient's body.
In one embodiment, the route of administration may be enteral. In another embodiment, the route may be conjunctival, transdermal, intradermal, intra-arterial, vaginal, rectal, intratumoral, parcanceral, transmucosal, intramuscular, intravascular, intraventricular, intracranial, intra-nasal, sublingual, or a combination thereof.
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions are administered by intravenous, intra-arterial, or intramuscular injection of a liquid preparation. In some embodiments, liquid formulations include solutions, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, oils and the like. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions are administered intravenously, and are thus formulated in a form suitable for intravenous administration. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions are administered intra-arterially, and are thus formulated in a form suitable for intra-arterial administration. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions are administered intramuscularly, and are thus formulated in a form suitable for intramuscular administration.
Further, in another embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions are administered topically to body surfaces, and are thus formulated in a form suitable for topical administration. Suitable topical formulations include gels, ointments, creams, lotions, drops and the like. For topical administration, the compounds of the present invention are combined with an additional appropriate therapeutic agent or agents, prepared and applied as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions in a physiologically acceptable diluent with or without a pharmaceutical carrier.
In one embodiment, pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are manufactured by processes well known in the art, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or lyophilizing processes.
In one embodiment, pharmaceutical compositions for use in accordance with the present invention is formulated in a conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries, which facilitate processing of the active ingredients into preparations which, can be used pharmaceutically. In one embodiment, formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen.
In one embodiment, injectables of the invention are formulated in aqueous solutions. In one embodiment, injectables of the invention are formulated in physiologically compatible buffers such as Hank's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological salt buffer. In some embodiments, for transmucosal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art.
In one embodiment, the preparations described herein are formulated for parenteral administration, e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion. In some embodiments, formulations for injection are presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multidose containers with optionally, an added preservative. In some embodiments, compositions are suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
The compositions also comprise, in some embodiments, preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride and thimerosal and the like; chelating agents, such as edetate sodium and others; buffers such as phosphate, citrate and acetate; tonicity agents such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, glycerin, mannitol and others; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, acetylcystine, sodium metabisulfote and others; aromatic agents; viscosity adjustors, such as polymers, including cellulose and derivatives thereof; and polyvinyl alcohol and acid and bases to adjust the pH of these aqueous compositions as needed. The compositions also comprise, in some embodiments, local anesthetics or other actives. The compositions can be used as sprays, mists, drops, and the like.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active preparation in water-soluble form. Additionally, suspensions of the active ingredients, in some embodiments, are prepared as appropriate oil or water based injection suspensions. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include, in some embodiments, fatty oils such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters such as ethyl oleate, triglycerides or liposomes. Aqueous injection suspensions contain, in some embodiments, substances, which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol or dextran. In another embodiment, the suspension also contains suitable stabilizers or agents which increase the solubility of the active ingredients to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.
In another embodiment, the active compound can be delivered in a vesicle, in particular a liposome (see Langer, Science 249:1527-1533 (1990); Treat et al., in Liposomes in the Therapy of Infectious Disease and Cancer, Lopez-Berestein and Fidler (eds.), Liss, New York, pp. 353-365 (1989); Lopez-Berestein, ibid., pp. 317-327; J. E. Diederichs and al., Pharm./nd. 56 (1994) 267-275).
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition delivered in a controlled release system is formulated for intravenous infusion, implantable osmotic pump, transdermal patch, liposomes, or other modes of administration. In one embodiment, a pump is used (see Langer, supra; Sefton, CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14:201 (1987); Buchwald et al., Surgery 88:507 (1980); Saudek et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 321:574 (1989). In another embodiment, polymeric materials can be used. In yet another embodiment, a controlled release system can be placed in proximity to the therapeutic target, i.e., the brain, thus requiring only a fraction of the systemic dose (see, e.g., Goodson, in Medical Applications of Controlled Release, supra, vol. 2, pp. 115-138 (1984). Other controlled release systems are discussed in the review by Langer (Science 249:1527-1533 (1990).
In some embodiments, the active ingredient is in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water based solution, before use. Compositions are formulated, in some embodiments, for atomization and inhalation administration. In another embodiment, compositions are contained in a container with attached atomizing means.
In one embodiment, the preparation of the present invention is formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, using, e.g., conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions suitable for use in context of the present invention include compositions wherein the active ingredients are contained in an amount effective to achieve the intended purpose. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount means an amount of active ingredients effective to prevent, alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of disease or prolong the survival of the subject being treated.
In one embodiment, determination of a therapeutically effective amount is well within the capability of those skilled in the art.
Some examples of substances which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers or components thereof are sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and methyl cellulose; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; solid lubricants, such as stearic acid and magnesium stearate; calcium sulfate; vegetable oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and oil of theobroma; polyols such as propylene glycol, glycerine, sorbitol, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol; alginic acid; emulsifiers, such as the TweenTM brand emulsifiers; wetting agents, such sodium lauryl sulfate; coloring agents; flavoring agents; tableting agents, stabilizers; antioxidants; preservatives; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; and phosphate buffer solutions. The choice of a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier to be used in conjunction with the compound is basically determined by the way the compound is to be administered. If the subject compound is to be injected, in one embodiment, the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier is sterile, physiological saline, with a blood-compatible suspending agent, the pH of which has been adjusted to about 7.4.
In addition, the compositions further comprise binders (e.g. acacia, cornstarch, gelatin, carbomer, ethyl cellulose, guar gum, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, povidone), disintegrating agents (e.g. cornstarch, potato starch, alginic acid, silicon dioxide, croscarmelose sodium, crospovidone, guar gum, sodium starch glycolate), buffers (e.g., Tris-HCl., acetate, phosphate) of various pH and ionic strength, additives such as albumin or gelatin to prevent absorption to surfaces, detergents (e.g., Tween 20, Tween 80, Pluronic F68, bile acid salts), protease inhibitors, surfactants (e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate), permeation enhancers, solubilizing agents (e.g., glycerol, polyethylene glycerol), anti-oxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulfite, butylated hydroxyanisole), stabilizers (e.g. hydroxypropyl cellulose, hyroxypropylmethyl cellulose), viscosity increasing agents (e.g. carbomer, colloidal silicon dioxide, ethyl cellulose, guar gum), sweeteners (e.g. aspartame, citric acid), preservatives (e.g., Thimerosal, benzyl alcohol, parabens), lubricants (e.g. stearic acid, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate), flow-aids (e.g. colloidal silicon dioxide), plasticizers (e.g. diethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate), emulsifiers (e.g. carbomer, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate), polymer coatings (e.g., poloxamers or poloxamines), coating and film forming agents (e.g. ethyl cellulose, acrylates, polymethacrylates) and/or adjuvants.
Typical components of carriers for syrups, elixirs, emulsions and suspensions include ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, liquid sucrose, sorbitol and water. For a suspension, typical suspending agents include methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose (e.g. AvicelTM, RC-591), tragacanth and sodium alginate; typical wetting agents include lecithin and polyethylene oxide sorbitan (e.g. polysorbate 80). Typical preservatives include methyl paraben and sodium benzoate. In another embodiment, peroral liquid compositions also contain one or more components such as sweeteners, flavoring agents and colorants disclosed above.
The compositions also include incorporation of the active material into or onto particulate preparations of polymeric compounds such as polylactic acid, polglycolic acid, hydrogels, etc, or onto liposomes, microemulsions, micelles, unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles, erythrocyte ghosts, or spheroplasts.) Such compositions will influence the physical state, solubility, stability, rate of in vivo release, and rate of in vivo clearance.
Also comprehended by the invention are particulate compositions coated with polymers (e.g. poloxamers or poloxamines) and the compound coupled to antibodies directed against tissue-specific receptors, ligands or antigens or coupled to ligands of tissue-specific receptors.
In some embodiments, compounds modified by the covalent attachment of water-soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol, copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, carboxymethyl cellulose, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyproline. In another embodiment, the modified compounds exhibit substantially longer half-lives in blood following intravenous injection than do the corresponding unmodified compounds. In one embodiment, modifications also increase the compound's solubility in aqueous solution, eliminate aggregation, enhance the physical and chemical stability of the compound, and greatly reduce the immunogenicity and reactivity of the compound. In another embodiment, the desired in vivo biological activity is achieved by the administration of such polymer-compound abducts less frequently or in lower doses than with the unmodified compound.
In some embodiments, preparation of effective amount or dose can be estimated initially from in vitro assays. In one embodiment, a dose can be formulated in animal models and such information can be used to more accurately determine useful doses in humans.
In one embodiment, toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the active ingredients described herein can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in vitro, in cell cultures or experimental animals. In one embodiment, the data obtained from these in vitro and cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in human. In one embodiment, the dosages vary depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized. In one embodiment, the exact formulation, route of administration and dosage can be chosen by the individual physician in view of the patient's condition. [See e.g., Fingl, et al., (1975) “The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”, Ch. 1 p. 1].
In one embodiment, depending on the severity and responsiveness of the condition to be treated, dosing can be of a single or a plurality of administrations, with course of treatment lasting from several days to several weeks or until cure is effected or diminution of the disease state is achieved.
In one embodiment, the amount of a composition to be administered will, of course, be dependent on the subject being treated, the severity of the affliction, the manner of administration, the judgment of the prescribing physician, etc.
In one embodiment, compositions including the preparation of the present invention formulated in a compatible pharmaceutical carrier are also prepared, placed in an appropriate container, and labeled for treatment of an indicated condition.
In another embodiment, a coagulation factor as described herein is lyophilized (i.e., freeze-dried) preparation in combination with complex organic excipients and stabilizers such as nonionic surface active agents (i.e., surfactants), various sugars, organic polyols and/or human serum albumin. In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition comprises a lyophilized coagulation factor as described in sterile water for injection. In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition comprises a lyophilized coagulation factor as described in sterile PBS for injection. In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition comprises a lyophilized coagulation factor as described in sterile 0.9% NaCl for injection.
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a coagulation factor as described herein and complex carriers such as human serum albumin, polyols, sugars, and anionic surface active stabilizing agents. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a coagulation factor as described herein and lactobionic acid and an acetate/glycine buffer. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a coagulation factor as described herein and amino acids, such as arginine or glutamate that increase the solubility of interferon compositions in water. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a lyophilized coagulation factor as described herein and glycine or human serum albumin (HSA), a buffer (e.g. acetate) and an isotonic agent (e.g NaCl). In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a lyophilized coagulation factor as described herein and phosphate buffer, glycine and HSA.
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein is stabilized when placed in buffered solutions having a pH between about 4 and 7.2. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor is in a buffered solution having a pH between about 4 and 8.5. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor is in a buffered solution having a pH between about 6 and 7. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor is in a buffered solution having a pH of about 6.5. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein is stabilized with an amino acid as a stabilizing agent and in some cases a salt (if the amino acid does not contain a charged side chain).
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein is a liquid composition comprising a stabilizing agent at between about 0.3% and 5% by weight which is an amino acid.
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein provides dosing accuracy and product safety. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein provides a biologically active, stable liquid formulation for use in injectable applications. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a non-lyophilized coagulation factor as described herein.
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein provides a liquid formulation permitting storage for a long period of time in a liquid state facilitating storage and shipping prior to administration.
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises solid lipids as matrix material. In another embodiment, the injectable pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises solid lipids as matrix material. In another embodiment, the production of lipid microparticles by spray congealing was described by Speiser (Speiser and al., Pharm. Res. 8 (1991) 47-54) followed by lipid nanopellets for peroral administration (Speiser EP 0167825 (1990)). In another embodiment, lipids, which are used, are well tolerated by the body (e.g. glycerides composed of fatty acids which are present in the emulsions for parenteral nutrition).
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises polymeric microparticles. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises nanoparticles. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises liposomes. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises lipid emulsion. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises microspheres. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises lipid nanoparticles. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises lipid nanoparticles comprising amphiphilic lipids. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a coagulation factor as described herein comprises lipid nanoparticles comprising a drug, a lipid matrix and a surfactant. In another embodiment, the lipid matrix has a monoglyceride content which is at least 50% w/w.
In one embodiment, compositions of the present invention are presented in a pack or dispenser device, such as an FDA approved kit, which contain one or more unit dosage forms containing the active ingredient. In one embodiment, the pack, for example, comprise metal or plastic foil, such as a blister pack. In one embodiment, the pack or dispenser device is accompanied by instructions for administration. In one embodiment, the pack or dispenser is accommodated by a notice associated with the container in a form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals, which notice is reflective of approval by the agency of the form of the compositions or human or veterinary administration. Such notice, in one embodiment, is labeling approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for prescription drugs or of an approved product insert.
In one embodiment, it will be appreciated that the coagulation factors of the present invention can be provided to the individual with additional active agents to achieve an improved therapeutic effect as compared to treatment with each agent by itself. In another embodiment, measures (e.g., dosing and selection of the complementary agent) are taken to avoid adverse side effects which are associated with combination therapies.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide consisting of a FVIIa polypeptide and five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide consisting of a FVIIa polypeptide and five gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a cell comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of extending the biological half-life of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby extending the biological half-life of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby improving the AUC of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby reducing the dosing frequency of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the clearance rate of a Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby reducing the clearance rate of said FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide, thereby producing a CTP-modified FVIIa polypeptide.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor VIIa (FVIIa) polypeptide comprising a FVIIa polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FVIIa polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide consisting of a FIX polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said CTP-modified FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a CTP-modified FIX polypeptide, wherein the sequence of said CTP-modified FIX polypeptide is the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a CTP-modified FIX polypeptide, wherein at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a CTP-modified FIX polypeptide, wherein at least one CTP is glycosylated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a CTP-modified FIX polypeptide, wherein at least one CTP is truncated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a CTP-modified FIX polypeptide, wherein at least one CTP is attached to said FIX polypeptide via a linker. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a CTP-modified FIX polypeptide, wherein said linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the CTP-modified FIX polypeptide.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polynucleotide encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide and three gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a polynucleotide, wherein the sequence of said polynucleotide is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a polynucleotide, wherein at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a polynucleotide, wherein at least one CTP is glycosylated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a polynucleotide, wherein at least one CTP is truncated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a polynucleotide, wherein at least one CTP is attached to said FIX polypeptide via a linker. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a polynucleotide, wherein said linker is a peptide bond. An expression vector comprising the polynucleotide.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a cell comprising the expression vector.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising the expression vector.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of extending the biological half-life of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby extending the biological half-life of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is glycosylated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is truncated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is attached to said FIX polypeptide via a linker. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein said linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of improving the area under the curve (AUC) of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby improving the AUC of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is glycosylated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is truncated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is attached to said FIX polypeptide via a linker. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein said linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the dosing frequency of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby reducing the dosing frequency of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is glycosylated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is truncated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is attached to said FIX polypeptide via a linker. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein said linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reducing the clearance rate of a Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby reducing the clearance rate of said FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is glycosylated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is truncated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is attached to said FIX polypeptide via a linker. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is attached to said FVII polypeptide via a linker. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein said linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide, comprising the step of attaching three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide, thereby producing a CTP-modified FIX polypeptide. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein the sequence of said CTP-modified FIX polypeptide is the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is glycosylated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is truncated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is attached to said FIX polypeptide via a linker. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein said linker is a peptide bond.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating hemophilia in a subject comprising administering a CTP-modified Factor IX (FIX) polypeptide comprising a FIX polypeptide and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said FIX polypeptide to said subject, thereby treating hemophilia in said subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein the sequence of said CTP-modified FIX polypeptide is the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is encoded by an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is glycosylated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is truncated. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein at least one CTP is attached to said FIX polypeptide via a linker. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method, wherein said linker is a peptide bond.
As is generally known in the art, the modified peptides and proteins of the invention may be coupled to labels, drugs, targeting agents, carriers, solid supports, and the like, depending on the desired application. The labeled forms of the modified biologicals may be used to track their metabolic fate; suitable labels for this purpose include, especially, radioisotope labels such as iodine 131, technetium 99, indium 111, and the like. The labels may also be used to mediate detection of the modified proteins or peptides in assay systems; in this instance, radioisotopes may also be used as well as enzyme labels, fluorescent labels, chromogenic labels, and the like. The use of such labels is particularly helpful if the peptide or protein is itself a targeting agent such as an antibody or a receptor ligand.
Similar linking techniques, along with others, may be employed to couple the modified peptides and proteins of the invention to solid supports. When coupled, these modified peptides and proteins can then be used as affinity reagents for the separation of desired components with which specific reaction is exhibited.
Finally, the modified peptides and proteins of the invention may be used to generate antibodies specifically immunoreactive with these new compounds. These antibodies are useful in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications, depending on the nature of the biological activity of the unmodified peptide or protein. It is to be understood that the invention provides antibodies that are immunoreactive with CTP-modified FIX, FVII, or FVIIa as described herein. In one embodiment, such antibodies may be used to distinguish or identify CTP-modified coagulation factors that were administered from endogenous coagulation factors. In another embodiment, the antibodies may be used to localize administered CTP-modified coagulation factors.
Additional objects, advantages, and novel features of the present invention will become apparent to one ordinarily skilled in the art upon examination of the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting. Additionally, each of the various embodiments and aspects of the present invention as delineated hereinabove and as claimed in the claims section below finds experimental support in the following examples.
EXAMPLES
Generally, the nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures utilized in the present invention include molecular, biochemical, microbiological and recombinant DNA techniques. Such techniques are thoroughly explained in the literature. See, for example, “Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual” Sambrook et al., (1989); “Current Protocols in Molecular Biology” Volumes I-III Ausubel, R. M., ed. (1994); Ausubel et al., “Current Protocols in Molecular Biology”, John Wiley and Sons, Baltimore, Md. (1989); Perbal, “A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning”, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1988); Watson et al., “Recombinant DNA”, Scientific American Books, New York; Birren et al. (eds) “Genome Analysis: A Laboratory Manual Series”, Vols. 1-4, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York (1998); methodologies as set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,666,828; 4,683,202; 4,801,531; 5,192,659 and 5,272,057; “Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook”, Volumes I-III Cellis, J. E., ed. (1994); “Culture of Animal Cells—A Manual of Basic Technique” by Freshney, Wiley-Liss, N.Y. (1994), Third Edition; “Current Protocols in Immunology” Volumes I-III Coligan J. E., ed. (1994); Stites et al. (eds), “Basic and Clinical Immunology” (8th Edition), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn. (1994); Mishell and Shiigi (eds), “Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology”, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York (1980); available immunoassays are extensively described in the patent and scientific literature, see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,791,932; 3,839,153; 3,850,752; 3,850,578; 3,853,987; 3,867,517; 3,879,262; 3,901,654; 3,935,074; 3,984,533; 3,996,345; 4,034,074; 4,098,876; 4,879,219; 5,011,771 and 5,281,521; “Oligonucleotide Synthesis” Gait, M. J., ed. (1984); “Nucleic Acid Hybridization” Hames, B. D., and Higgins S. J., eds. (1985); “Transcription and Translation” Hames, B. D., and Higgins S. J., eds. (1984); “Animal Cell Culture” Freshney, R. I., ed. (1986); “Immobilized Cells and Enzymes” IRL Press, (1986); “A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning” Perbal, B., (1984) and “Methods in Enzymology” Vol. 1-317, Academic Press; “PCR Protocols: A Guide To Methods And Applications”, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. (1990); Marshak et al., “Strategies for Protein Purification and Characterization—A Laboratory Course Manual” CSHL Press (1996); all of which are incorporated by reference. Other general references are provided throughout this document.
Example 1
Generation and Utilization of Coagulation Factor IX
Cloning and Expression of Recombinant FIX Molecule:
Factor IX clones were constructed in our eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo (Promega, catalog no. E1841). ORF Clone of Homo sapiens coagulation factor IX was ordered from “OriGene” (RC219065). Primers were ordered from Sigma-Genosys.
Construction of 301-1-pCI-neo-p200-11 (Factor IX-ctp x2):









Primer 101:









(SEQ ID NO: 36)









5′ GTTTAGTGAACCGTCAGAAT 3′



 



Primer 103R:









(SEQ ID NO: 37)









5′ TTGAGGAAGATGTTCGTGTA



3′ (contains the SspI site of factor IX)






A PCR reaction was conducted with primer 101 and primer 103R and plasmid DNA, cDNA clone of Factor IX (OriGene” RC219065) as a template; as a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃1085 bp (per 10) product was formed and purified from the gel (the fragment containing the amino terminus of Factor IXsequence).










Primer 98:










(SEQ ID NO: 38)









5′ ATTACAGTTGTCGCAGGTGA 3′



 



Primer 99R:









(SEQ ID NO: 39)









5′ GCTGGAGCTAGTGAGCTTTGTTTTTTCCTT 3′



 



Primer 100:









(SEQ ID NO: 40)









5′ GCTCACTAGCTCCAGCAGCAAGGCC 3′



 



Primer 27R:









(SEQ ID NO: 41)









5′ TTTTCACTGCATTCTAGTTGTGG 3′






Three PCR reactions were performed. The first reaction was conducted with primer 98 and primer 99R and plasmid DNA, cDNA clone of Factor IX (OriGene”,RC219065) as a template; as a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃540 bp product was formed.
The second reaction was conducted with primer 100 and primer 27R and plasmid DNA of 402-2-p′72-3 (hGH-CTP-CTP) as a template; as a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃258 bp product was formed.
The last reaction (per 3) was conducted with primers 98 and 27R and a mixture of the products of the previous two reactions as a template; as a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃790 bp product was formed and ligated into TA cloning vector (Invitrogen, catalog K2000-01). SspI-EcoRI fragment was isolated (TA 3-3).
Another PCR reaction was conducted (per 12) with primer 101 and primer 27R and a mixture of the products of per 10 and SspI-EcoRI fragment from per 3 as a template; as a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃1700 bp product was formed (Factor IX-ctp-ctp) and ligated into TA cloning vector (Invitrogen, catalog K2000-01) (lig 180).
A mistake was found in the Factor IXsequence so fragments were replaced in order to form an insert of Factor IX-ctp-ctp with the correct DNA sequence.
TA-per 3-3 was digested with SspI and XbaI and the large fragment was isolated (vector). TA 180-4 was digested with SspI and XbaI and the small fragment (insert) was isolated and ligated to the isolated large fragment of TA-per-3-3 digested with SspI and XbaI. The new plasmid TA-183-2 was digated with Sal I and NotI, and the Factor IX-CTP-CTP insert was isolated ( ̃1575 bp). This fragment was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo (digested with Sal I and Not I) to yield the 301-2-p200-11 clone.
pCI-dhfr-Factor 9-ctpx2 (p223-4) Construction:
Vector pCI-dhfr (p6-1) was digested with SmaI and NotI. Factor IX-CTP-CTP (p200-11) was digested with ASisI F.I. and NotI. The two fragments were ligated.
pCI-dhfr Factor 9-ctp x3 (p225-7) Construction:
Vector pCI-dhfr OXM-CTPx3 (p216-4) was digested with XbaI and ApaI. Factor IX-CTP-CTP (223-4) was digested with XbaI and ApaI. The two fragments were ligated.
pCI-dhfr Factor 9-ctp x3 T148A (p243-2) Construction:
Plasmid p225-7 contained Threonine at position 148, since the more common version of FIX contains Alanine at this position, Thr was replaced to Ala using site directed mutagenesis method.









Primer 75:









(SEQ ID NO: 42)









ctcccagttcaattacagct



 



Primer 122r:









(SEQ ID NO: 43)









ggaaaaactgcctcagcacgggtgagc



 



Primer 123:









(SEQ ID NO: 44)









gtgctgaggcagtttttcctgatgtggactat



 



Primer 124r:









(SEQ ID NO: 45)









caacacagtgggcagcag






Three PCR reactions were performed. The first reaction was conducted with primer 75 and primer 122r and plasmid DNA p225-7 as a template; as a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃692 bp product was formed and purified from the gel. A second PCR reaction was conducted with primer 123 and primer 124r and plasmid DNA p225-7 as a template; as a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃237 bp product was formed and purified from the gel. The third-overlap PCR reaction was conducted with primers 75 and 124r, and a mixture of the products of the previous two reactions as a template; as a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃910 bp product was formed. This overlap PCR product was digested with XbaI and NsiI and re ligated into p225-7 plasmid (digested with XbaI and NsiI) to yield Factor IX-ctpx3 T148A designated p243-2.
FIX-4CTP (p259-4) Construction:
3.5CTP fragment was isolated from oxym-4CTP (p254-3) by restriction enzymes ApaI and XbaI. FIX+0.5CTP fragment was isolated from FIX-3CTP (p243-2) with restriction enzymes ApaI and XbaI. The two fragments were ligated.
FIX-5CTP (p260-18) Construction:
4.5CTP fragment was isolated from oxym-5CTP (255-1) by restriction enzymes ApaI and XbaI. FIX+0.5CTP fragment was isolated from FIX-3CTP (p243-2) using enzymes ApaI and XbaI. The two fragments were ligated.
Dg44 cells were plated in 100 mm tissue culture dishes and grown to 50-60% confluence. A total of 2 μg (microgram) of FIX cDNA was used for the transfection of one 100 mm plate using the FuGene reagent (Roche) in protein-free medium (Invitrogene CD Dg44). The media was removed 48 hours after transfection and replaced with a protein-free medium (Invitrogene CD Dg44) without nucleosides and in the presence of 800 μg/ml of G418 (Neomycin). After 14 days, the transfected cell population was transferred into T25 tissue culture flasks, and selection continued for an additional 10-14 days until the cells began to grow as stable clones. High expressing clones were selected. Approximately 2×107 cells were used to inoculate 300 ml of growth medium in a 1700 cm2 roller bottle (Corning, Corning N.Y.) supplemented with 5 ng/ml of Vitamin K3 (menadione sodium bisulfate; Sigma). The production medium (harvest) was collected after a rapid decrease in cell viability to about 70%. The production medium was first clarified and then concentrated approximately 20-fold and dialyzed with PBS using flow filtration cassette (10 KDa MWCO; Millipore Corp.).
Determination of FIX Antigen Level:
FIX-CTP harvest antigen levels were determined using AssayMax Human FIX ELISA kit (AssayPro-EF1009-1). The calculated protein concentration is the average of three different dilutions in two independent runs (FIG. 1A, Table 1).







TABLE 1







Calculated protein concentration










FIX-CTP
FIX-CTP-CTP















FIX Ag level (μg/ml)
41.9
19.2



SD
8.76
3.67



% CV
20.92
19.15










FIX SDS-PAGE—Immune Blot:
FIX-CTP harvests or purified rhFIX (American Diagnostics), 100 ng of protein, were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was performed by Western immunoblot using anti-human FIX polyclonal antibody and anti-human gamma carboxylation monoclonal antibody (American Diagnostics). As previously reported, rhFIX migrated at 55 KDa, while FIX fused to two CTPs migrated at 75 KDa. Both variants of FIX-CTP proteins were shown to be gamma carboxylated, an essential post-translation modification for FIX activity and function (FIG. 1B).
Determination of FIX Chromogenic Activity:
A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of FIX-CTP harvests versus rhFIX protein (American Diagnostics) was performed using the commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221802). In the presence of thrombin, phospholipids, calcium, excess amounts of FXIa activates sampled FIX into FIXa. FIXa forms an enzymatic complex with thrombin, activated FVIII:C (supplied in an excess amounts), phospholipids, and calcium and activates Factor X, present in the assay system, into FXa. The activity directly correlates with the amount of FIX, which is the limiting factor. The generated FXa is then measured by its specific activity on FXa chromogenic substrate (pNA). The amount of pNA generated is directly proportional to FIXa activity. rhFIX and FIX-CTP harvests were serially diluted, and the potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve of the FIX harvests to a reference preparation consisting of rhFIX or human plasma. The average EC50 of FIX was 21 ng/ml, while the FIX-(CTP)2 harvest calculated EC50 was 382 ng/ml, and the FIX-CTP harvest calculated EC50 was 1644 ng/ml. An approximately 15-fold decrease in the enzymatic activity of the FIX-(CTP)2 harvest was observed (FIG. 2).
FIX Clotting Activity (aPTT):
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade. The aPTT is the time, in seconds, for plasma to clot following the addition of an intrinsic pathway activator, phospholipid and calcium. The aPTT reagent is called a partial thromboplastin because tissue factor is not included with the phospholipid as it is with the protime (PT) reagent. The activator initiates the system and then the remaining steps of the intrinsic pathway take place in the presence of phospholipid. Reference aPTT range varies from laboratory to laboratory, but is usually in the range of 27-34 seconds.
The principal of the assay was to quantitate the ability of FIX-CTP harvests to restore the clotting activity of FIX-depleted human plasma by the addition of rhFIX. 300 μl of FIX-deficient human plasma was mixed with 100 μl of rhFIX or FIX-CTP harvests and serially diluted. Following a 60 second incubation at 37° C., thromboplastin, CaCl2, and phospholipids were added to the mixture, and clotting time in seconds was determined (performed by American Medical Laboratories). The potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve of the FIX harvests to a reference preparation consisting of rhFIX or human plasma. One unit of FIX activity corresponds to the FIX concentration that equals the activity of one ml normal human plasma. The presented aPTT results indicate that FIX-(CTP)2 exhibit a 5.7-fold reduction in its specific coagulation activity compared to rhFIX (Table 2). Moreover, the aPTT results together with the chromogenic activity in vitro assay suggest that FIX-(CTP)2 harvest has an improved enzymatic activity vs. FIX-CTP harvest (Table 2). An improved activity of FIX-CTP proteins can be obtained following optimization of the expression system (i.e. co-transfection with Furin and optimization of Vitamin K3 medium concentration), which was strengthened following super-transfection with Furin (data not shown).







TABLE 2







FIX clotting activity












rhFIX(AD)

FIX-CTP

FIX-CTP-CTP
PTT


(μg/ml)
PTT (Sec)
(μg/ml)
PTT (Sec)
(μg/ml)
(Sec)















5
31.3
9
45.2
4
47.5


1.25
35.7
2.25
53.3
1
55.9


0.3125
43
0.5625
64.1
0.25
67


0.078125
52.1
0.140625
76.3
0.0625
77.4









Pharmacokinetic Study:
rhFIX (American Diagnostic) and FIX-CTP harvests were administered in a single intravenous injection to Sprague-Dawley rats (six rats per substance) at a dose of 75 μg/kg body weight (Table 3).







TABLE 3







PK study plan of operation






















Dose







No. of


Dose
Level
Injected


Treated
Test
animals/
Dose

Level
(μg per
Vol.
Con.
*Time-Points


Groups
Article
group
Route
Gender
(μg/kg)
animal)
(μl)
(μg/ml)
(hours post-dose)



















1
rFIX
6
IV
M
75
15
500
30
0 (Pre-dose)











0.083, 0.5, 1.5,











4, 8, 24, 48, 72.


2
rFIX-
6
IV
M
75
15
500
30
0 (Pre-dose)



CTP







0.083, 0.5, 1.5,











4, 8, 24, 48, 72.


3
rFIX-
6
IV
M
75
15
1000
15
0 (Pre-dose)



CTP-







0.083, 0.5, 1.5,



CTP







4, 8, 24, 48, 72.









Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally from 3 rats alternately at 0.083, 0.5 1.5, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing. Plasma was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis. FIX concentration was quantitated by FIX ELISA-specific assay (AssayPro). A pharmacokinetic profile was calculated for each protein and represents the mean of 3 animals at each time point (FIG. 3). The terminal half-lives were calculated using PK solutions 2.0 software. Table 4 summarizes the observed FIX concentrations at the different sampling time points.







TABLE 4







Observed FIX concentrations










Time


FIX-CTP-CTP


(Hr)
FIX-AD (ng/ml)
FIX-CTP (ng/ml)
(ng/ml)













0.083
1506.7
1477.5
1914.8


0.5
1949.8
1150.1
1830.1


1.5
2189.4
1009.0
1264.3


4
733.90
709.33
1000.00


8
319.80
167.20
1234.67


24
BLQ
54.625
230


48
BLQ
BLQ
120.9









The PK profile and summary of the terminal half-lives are summarized in Table 5. FIX-CTP harvests exhibit an improved T1⁄2β values compared to rhFIX (2- and 5-fold increases, respectively). Since in FIX dosing collection, animal serum concentrations of FIX at 24 hr were below limit of quantitation (BLQ), additional PK parameters were not calculated.







TABLE 5







Summary of PK parameters











Ratio


Product
Terminal half-life-(hr)
(FIX-(CTP)X/rhFIX)












rhFIX (American
2.62
—


Diagnostics)


FIX-CTP
5.55
2.11


FIX-CTP (FIX-CTP-CTP)
12.9
4.92









In this study, a novel approach was described for prolonging FIX half-life while retaining the therapeutic potency. Adding a CTP peptide to an active protein has a harmful potential in interfering with the protein's activity. Therefore, the generation of an active recombinant FIX-CTP by adding a CTP sequence at the C-terminus of the FIX is unexpected.
Characterization of an Immunoaffinity Purified FIX-CTP-CTP
FIX-CTP-CTP Purification
In order to evaluate a protein at high grade content with increased activity whose PK profile mimics and can be extrapolated to a clinical setting, FIX-CTP-CTP is a FIX modified with 2 CTP units in tandem in its carboxy-terminal. FIX-CTP-CTP was purified using matrix-bound monoclonal antibody against γ carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues present in the N-terminal region of FIX (American Diagnostics Cat. #3570MX). The monoclonal antibody was bound to Sepharose CL-4B. The FIX-CTP-CTP harvest at a concentration of 88 μg/ml was dialyzed against 20 mM Tris, 150 Mm NaCl and 10 mM EDTA at PH=7.4. The loading rate was 0.5 ml/min, elution was performed using 20 Mm Tris-HCl, 350 mM NaCl and 50 mM CaCl, and the unbound fraction was recycled five times. Finally, the elution fraction was dialyzed with PBS, pulled and concentrated.
Determination of FIX Antigen Level:
FIX-CTP harvests, FIX-(CTP)2 harvests, and FIX-(CTP)2 purified protein levels were determined using the Human FIX ELISA kit (Affinity Biologicals; Cat. #FIX-AG RUO). The calculated protein concentration (μg/ml) is the average of two independent runs (FIG. 4, Table 6).







TABLE 6







Calculated protein concentration













FIX-CTP-CTP



FIX-CTP
FIX-CTP-CTP
(purified)
















FIX Ag level
125.78
88.53
172.9



(μg/ml)



SD
17.28
21.31
2.63



% CV
13.74
24.08
1.52










Additionally, FIX-CTP-CTP was quantitated by Bradford assay. The calculated concentration was 202 μg/ml, which is similar to the concentration obtained by human FIX ELISA.
SDS-PAGE Blots:
FIX-CTP-CTP harvest, unbound fraction and purified protein, were loaded on a 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE Coomassie analysis was performed by staining the gel with Coommasie blue reagent (800 ng of protein). A Western immunoblot was performed with 100 ng of protein, anti-human FIX polyclonal antibody (Ab), and anti-human gamma carboxylation monoclonal Ab (American Diagnostics Cat #499 and #3570). The immunoaffinity purification procedure significantly enriched the FIX-CTP-CTP portion while reduced impurity (FIG. 5).
N-Terminal Sequencing:
FIX-CTP-CTP purified protein was separated by 12% Tris-Glycine SDS-PAGE and subsequently electro-blotted to PVDF membrane. The band of interest was cut out and put on a purified Biobrene treated glass fiber filter. The N-terminal sequence analysis was carried out by Edmann degradation using a pulsed liquid protein sequencer equipped with a 140 C HPLC micro-gradient system. N-terminal sequencing revealed that FIX-CTP-CTP is a mixture of incomplete and complete pro-peptide cleaved proteins. Inadequate pro-peptide cleavage was shown to reduce FIX coagulation activity. By co-transfection with Furin, the pro-peptide cleavage process can be an improved.
Determination of FIX Chromogenic Activity:
A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of FIX-CTP-CTP purified protein versus rhFIX (American Diagnostics) and a pool of human normal plasma was performed using the commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221802). In the presence of thrombin, phospholipids and calcium, excess amounts of FXIa activates FIX into FIXa. FIXa forms an enzymatic complex with thrombin (supplied in excess amounts), phospholipids and calcium activates Factor X, present in the assay system, into FXa. The activity directly correlates with the amount of FIX, which is the limiting factor. The generated FXa was measured by its specific activity on FXa chromogenic substrate (pNA). The amount of pNA generated was directly proportional to FIXa activity. rhFIX, human plasma and FIX-CTP-CTP were serially diluted, and potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve (FIG. 6). The average EC50 of rhFIX was 68.74 ng/ml while FIX-CTP-CTP calculated EC50 was 505 ng/ml. An approximately 7-fold decrease in the enzymatic activity of FIX-CTP-CTP was observed vs. recombinant FIX and a 16.5-fold decrease versus normal human pulled plasma. This reduced activity could be explained by inadequate cleavage of N-terminal pro-peptide, which was identified by N-terminal analysis.
FIX Clotting Activity (aPTT):
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade. The aPTT is the time (measured in seconds) it takes plasma to clot following the addition of an intrinsic pathway activator, phospholipid and calcium.
The assay quantitated the ability of the FIX-CTP-CTP protein to restore the clotting activity of FIX depleted human plasma by the addition of rhFIX. 300 μl of FIX-deficient human plasma was mixed with 100 μl of rhFIX, FIX-CTP-CTP (FIX-CTP-CTP (the CTP are in tandem at the C-terminal)), or normal pool human plasma which was further diluted. Following a 60 second incubation at 37° C., Tissue Factor (TF), CaCl2, and phospholipids were added to the mixture. Clotting time in seconds was determined. Potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve of FIX-CTP-CTP to a reference preparation of rhFIX or human plasma. One unit of FIX was defined as the amount of FIX which equals to the activity of 1 ml human normal plasma.
The aPTT results indicate that FIX-CTP-CTP coagulation activity is only 1.4 less than normal pool human plasma and similar to the rhFIX. The aPTT results together with the chromogenic activity in vitro assay suggest that FIX-CTP-CTP purification did not damage its activity.
Pharmacokinetic Activity of FIX-CTP-CTP:
Purified FIX-CTP-CTP, rhFIX (American Diagnostic) and harvests containing FIX-CTP-CTP and FIX-CTP were administered in a single intravenous injection to Sprague-Dawley rats (eight rats per substance) in a dose of 100 μg/kg body weight (Table 7).







TABLE 7







PK study outline
















No. of

Dose







animals/
Dose
Level
Injected


Treated

group/
Level
(μg per
Vol.
Con.
Time-Points


Groups
Test Article
time point
(μg/kg)
animal)
(μl)
(μg/ml)
(hours post-dose)





A
rFIX
8
100
20
500
40
0 (Pre-dose)









0.083, 0.5, 1, 2, 4,









7, 10, 24, 48, 72.


B
rFIX-CTP
8
100
20
500
40
0 (Pre-dose)



(harvest)





0.083, 0.5, 1, 2, 4,









7, 10, 24, 48, 72.


C
rFIX-CTP-
6
100
20
500
40
0 (Pre-dose)



CTP(harvest)





0.083, 0.5, 1, 2, 4,









7, 10, 24, 48, 72.


D
rFIX-CTP-
4
100
20
500
40
0.083, 0.5 1, 2, 4,



CTP (purified)





7, 10, 24, 4, 8, 72.









Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally from 4 rats alternately at 0.083, 0.5, 2, 4, 7 10, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing. Citrated plasma (0.32%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis. FIX concentration was quantitated using a human FIX ELISA kit (Affinity Biologicals). The pharmacokinetic profile was calculated for each protein as the mean of 4 animals at each time point (FIG. 7). The terminal half-life was calculated using PK Solutions 2.0 Software. Table 8 summarizes the observed FIX concentrations at different sampling time points.







TABLE 8







Observed FIX concentrations











Time
FIX-CTP
FIX-(CTP)2
rhFIX
Purified FIX-


(hr)
harvest ng/ml
harvest ng/ml
ng/ml
CTP-CTP ng/ml














0.085
1038.97
1123.62
325.05
886.48


0.5
939.12
956.80
274.58
670.92


1
791.97
843.85
222.90
674.17


2
304.98
673.31
186.00
503.91


4
315.37
525.50
109.69
357.36


7
171.45
384.36
67.62
257.02


10
50.34
250.73
40.20
158.66


24
10.07
78.50
BLQ
52.13


48
BLQ
23.40
BLQ
18.07









A summary of the PK parameters are presented in Table 9.







TABLE 9







Summary of PK parameters













T1⁄2
AUC
MRT
Vd
CL



(hr)
ng-hr/ml
(hr)
ml/Kg
Ml/hr/Kg















FIX-CTP harvest
4.17
3622
4.5
155.1
27.6


FIX-(CTP)2
10.44
9105.7
12
165.4
10.9


harvest







rhFIX
3.72
1416.8
5.1
373.8
70.183


Purified FIX-
11.14
6314.2
12.3
254.5
15.83


CTP-CTP









The FIX-CTP-CTP harvest demonstrated an improved PK profile compared to FIX-CTP harvest. Furthermore, purified FIX-CTP-CTP exhibited a 3-fold increase in T1⁄2β value and a 4.5-fold increase in AUC compared to rhFIX.
The reduced amount of secreted FIX fused to tandem CTP molecules versus fusion of a single CTP appears to be due to the addition of an extra CTP and not to reduced detection by ELISA, because the Bradford-purified FIX-CTP-CTP calculated concentration was similar to the ELISA-calculated concentration.
FIX-CTP-CTP clotting activity was similar to pooled human plasma; however, its in vitro chromogenic activity was significantly lower when compared to rhFIX or pooled human plasma. The chromogenic activity assay was reported as a very sensitive assay compared to the coagulation assay. The reason for reduced activity of FIX-CTP-CTP may vary. Addition of CTP may decrease the affinity of FIX to FXIa or reduce post-transcriptional modifications (e.g. 12-10 GLA residues and pro-peptide cleavage). N-terminal analysis revealed that the proteolytic cleavage of the FIX-CTP-CTP pro-peptide was not fully completed prior to secretion. Since this post-transcriptional modification is crucial for the normal enzymatic activity of the protein, co-transfection with Furine-PACE plasmid is favorable and may improve FIX-CTP-CTP activity.
Finally, FIX-CTP-CTP comparative PK study in rats demonstrated that fusion of two tandem CTPs to the C-terminal of FIX generated a FIX with an extended half-life.
FIX Depleted Mouse Model:
In order to assess the in vivo activity, FIX knockout mice are obtained, and a breeding colony is established. 10 μg of either commercial recombinant hFIX (BeneFIX®) or rFIX-(CTP)2 (FIX-CTP-CTP) are injected into the tail vein of an anaesthetized FIX knockout mouse (22-28 g). The amount of injected protein equals to the required concentration of FIX in normal plasma (5 μg/ml). Blood samples are taken from the clipped tail into heparinized capillary tubes at specific time points. Plasma samples are assessed for FIX levels by ELISA and efficacy is measured by aPTT coagulation assay.
Increasing FIX Propeptide Cleavage Efficacy:
CTP peptide cDNA was fused to the 3′ end of human FIX cDNA. The corresponding rFIX and Furin expressing constructs were co-transfected into Dg44 cells; a human rFIX cDNA was also co-transfected with the Furin plasmid as a control. Secretion of high level of FIX leads to secretion of a mixture of pro-factor and a mature factor FIX, due to limited amount of the Furin protease in the cell. Co-transfection of a Furin expressing vector with a pro-factor expressing vector increases the recovery and result in the secretion of fully processed FIX in to the medium.
Following FIX-(CTP)2 and Furin co-transfection, stable clones are generated and harvest is collected for pro-peptide cleavage evaluation. 100 ng of protein, are loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis is performed by Western immunoblot using anti-human FIX polyclonal Ab (American Diagnostics) and anti-pro-peptide polyclonal antibody. As previously reported, rhFIX migrated at 55 KDa, while FIX fused to two CTPs migrated at 75 kDa. Both variants of FIX proteins are shown to undergo a proper, full pro-peptide cleavage.
To determine whether proper pro-peptide cleavage improves FIX-(CTP)2 enzymatic activity, a comparative assessment of chromogenic and coagulation activity of FIX-(CTP)2 harvest cotransfected with Furin is performed. A significant improvement in FIX-(CTP)2 specific activity is observed, which is similar to rhFIX.
In conclusion, the results described herein suggest that FIX-CTP-CTP can be used efficiently for treating Hemophilia B patients. FIX fused to CTP constructs benefit from improved in vivo pharmacologic performance that overcomes the drawback in certain in vitro measures. This proposed treatment is advantageous over previous treatments as the rate of infusions and the amount of required doses are reduced.
It is important to notice that when an albumin-fused molecule strategy was used to improve the FIX half-life, the recombinant FIX became inactive. The present novel approach lead to the design and purification of a novel recombinant FIX-fused protein that presents an improved long-lasting activity. Since mere size modifications did not improve the pharmacokinetics of injected FIX, the finding that CTP fused to FIX facilitates pharmacokinetic parameters was unexpected. The presence of highly glycosylated peptide-sialic acid residues stabilized the protein and protected it from interactions with vascular receptors without abrogating key determinants of FIX function.
FIX-CTP has a similar therapeutic efficacy to rFIX in hemophilia B patients and required less frequent dosing. A single injection of FIX-CTP is sufficient to control bleeding episodes and reduce the number of injections that are needed during surgical intervention in hemophilia B patients.
The CTP technology was utilized for the development of a long-acting FIX. Specifically, extending the half-life of recombinant rFIX molecule was performed by fusion of at least one human CTP to FIX. The recombinant FIX-CTP was expressed in mammalian cells and characterized in vitro and in vivo. It was demonstrated that the in vitro activity of rFIX-CTP was comparable to rFIX. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy studies in rats demonstrated improved properties of the rFIX-CTP. The results of this study demonstrate that it is feasible to develop a half-life extended rFIX molecule having similar haemostatic properties to the wild type enzyme.
Example 2
Comparative Assessment of Purified FIX-CTP3 vs. FIX-CTP4 and FIX-CTP5 
2.1 Study Objective
A comparative assessment of the pharmacokinetic parameters of FIX-CTP4 and FIX-CTP5 versus FIX-CTP3 following a partial purification process.
2.2 Production of FIX-CTP4 and FIX-CTP5 Harvests
FIX cDNA (OriGene RC219065) fused at the C-terminal to four or five tandem CTP sequences was expressed in Dg44 cells using Excellgene expression system in the presence of 10 ng/L of vitamin K3 (Sigma, Mennadion). The harvests were collected (300 ml), filtered and frozen.
2.3 Production of FIX-CTP3 Harvest
FIX-CTP3 was expressed in-house in CHO cells using pCI-DHFR vector, clone 196, BR-9 in the presence of 25 ng/L of vitamin K3 (Sigma). The harvests were collected and filtered.
All FIX-CTP samples (3, 4 and 5 CTP) were purified only by Jacalin column because of a lack of material.
2.4 Determination of FIX Antigen Level
FIX antigen level was determined using Human FIX ELISA kit (Affinity Biologicals; Cat. #FIX-AG RUO). The calculated protein concentration is the average of four independent runs. FIX-CTP3 concentration was slightly higher as compared to the two additional versions (Table 10).







TABLE 10







FIX antigen level













3 CTP
4 CTP
5 CTP




Final
Final
Final




Jacalin40
Jacalin40
Jacalin40
















Av. (ng/ml)
1016.69
4644.11
1686.82



SD
225.41
925.63
160.07



% CV
22.17
19.93
9.49










2.5 FIX-CTP Coomassie Stain and Immune-Blot
FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5 harvests were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was performed by Western immuno-blot using anti-CTP polyclonal Ab (Adar Biotech Production) or anti-Gla Ab (American Diagnostica).
As previously reported, FIX fused to three CTPs migrated at 80 kDa while FIX fused to four or five CTPs migrated at 85 KDa or 90 KDa, respectively. As expected, FIX-CTP4 and FIX-CTP5 harvests from Excellgene showed very low levels of gamma carboxylation compared to FIX-CTP3 harvest, which was produced at Prolor (FIG. 8).
After a purification process utilizing Jacalin column (immunoaffinity purification of glycosylated proteins), FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5 were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE was stained by Coomassie blue Dye for samples detection. All variants showed much cleaner band profiles (FIG. 9), suggesting an improved purity.
2.6 Determination of FIX Chromogenic Activity
A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of fully purified (HA column) FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5 versus human pool normal plasma was performed using a commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221802). All samples were serially diluted, and the potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve to a reference preparation of normal human plasma. The reduced chromogenic activity of FIX-CTP4 and FIX-CTP5 (FIG. 10) as compared to plasma can be a consequence of improper post-transcriptional modifications of FIX proteins, e.g. inappropriate gamma carboxylation and pro-peptide cleavage or, alternatively, due to the addition of CTP cassettes. The fluctuation in the FIX-CTP4 and FIX-CTP5 activity (Table 11) might be caused by inappropriate quantitation capabilities of the FIX ELISA due to CTP masking of the antigen site.







TABLE 11







Sample/plasma EC50 ratio











Sample/plasma



Sample
EC50 ratio














Plasma
1



3 CTP Final HA
2



4 CTP Final HA
5.35



5 CTP Final HA
2.73










2.7 Pharmacokinetic Study
Jacalin-purified FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5 (Group A, B and C, respectively) were administered in a single intravenous injection to Sprague-Dawley rats (six rats per treatment group) at a dose of 250 μg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally from 3 rats alternately at 0.083, 0.5 2, 5, 8, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dosing (Table 12). Citrated plasma (0.38%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis.







TABLE 12







PK study plan of operation
















No. of

Dose Level
Injected




Treatment

animals/
Dose
(μg per
Vol.
Conc.
Time-Points


Group
Treatment
group
Route
animal)
(μl)
(μg/ml)
(hr post-dose)





A
FIX-CTP * 3
6
IV
50
200
250
0.083, 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



Jacalin 40





24, 48, 72, 96


B
FIX-CTP * 4
6
IV
50
200
250
0.083, 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



Jacalin 40





24, 48, 72, 96


C
FIX-CTP * 5
6
IV
50
200
250
0.083, 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



Jacalin 40





24, 48, 72, 96









FIX concentration in plasma samples were quantified using human FIX ELISA kits (Affinity Biologicals). The pharmacokinetic profile was calculated and is the mean of 3 animals at each time point. Terminal half-lives were calculated using PK Solutions 2.0 Software. Table 13 below summarizes the calculated FIX concentrations at the different sampling time points.







TABLE 13







Calculated FIX concentrations














Av. 3

Av. 4

Av. 5



Time
CTP
SD 3
CTP
SD 4
CTP
SD 5


(hr)
ng/ml
CTP
ng/ml
CTP
ng/ml
CTP
















0.083
1087.82
72.39
904.54
21.06
1097.23
82.24


0.5
774.18
86.31
736.82
66.93
998.79
70.43


2
562.23
3.70
627.09
32.47
747.85
14.02


5
357.44
8.63
431.23
29.41
576.49
27.36


8
239.20
7.82
327.46
30.26
394.96
36.48


24
77.08
4.26
107.38
5.18
142.42
16.13


48
27.73
2.02
39.83
1.85
53.66
3.33


72
12.55
1.48
21.53
1.55
23.54
3.32


96
6.66
1.23
10.63
0.13
18.54
3.39









The PK profile and a summary of the PK parameters are presented in Table 14 below and in FIG. 11. A full PK analysis profile at all time points suggested that addition of 4 or 5 CTP cassettes to FIX did not increase its half-life as compared to FIX-CTP3. The AUC following FIX-CTP5 administration increased by 1.4- to 1.6-fold versus FIX-CTP3, which was not statistically significant.







TABLE 14







PK profile and a summary of the PK parameters












24-96 hr
3 CTP
4 CTP
5 CTP
















Half-life (hr)
20.43
22.02
23.96



AUC (ng-hr/ml)
8218.38
10504.49
13329.41



Vd (ml/kg)
700.76
586.02
494.89



CL (ml/hr/kg)
23.77
18.45
14.32










Since 96 hr post-dosing samples were shown to have very low FIX concentrations, which were at the lower limit of quantification of the assay, the terminal half-life was recalculated providing a more precise and scientifically appropriate calculation (Table 15). According to this calculation, even smaller differences were obtained between the half-life of FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5.







TABLE 15







Recalculated terminal half-life












8-72 hr
3 CTP
4 CTP
5 CTP







Half-life (hr)
15.38
16.63
16.04










2.8 Conclusions:
In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters and potential clotting activity of FIX-CTP3, FIX-CTP4, and FIX-CTP5 were assessed. Fusion of 4 and 5 CTPs to FIX did not provide a superior or improved half-life extension, as compared to FIX-CTP3, and reduced chromogenic activity was observed. Table 16 below summarizes the percent improvement of half-life for the different FIX-CTP fused variants (1 to 5 CTPs). Fusion of CTP to FIX improved its pharmacokinetic behavior, but, unpredictably, this improvement was limited. Surprisingly, following fusion of 3, 4 or 5 CTPs in tandem to FIX, a similar half-life value was calculated.







TABLE 16







Summary of the percent improvement of half-life











T1⁄2 (8-72 hr)



FIX Version
% increase














rhFIX vs. 1 CTP
112



1 CTP vs. 2 CTP
141



2 CTP vs. 3 CTP
37



3 CTP vs. 4 CTP
6



4 CTP vs. 5 CTP
0










These data suggest that fusion of 3 CTPs to FIX produces a maximal improvement in protein half-life, confirming that FIX-CTP3 is the optimal variant in terms of half-life, structure and potential clotting activity for further clinical development.
Example 3
FIX-CTP3 Treatment of FIX−/− Hemophilic Mouse Model
As described above, a study testing FIX-CTP, FIX-CTP2 and FIX-CTP3 harvest PK profile and coagulation activity vs. rhFIX was conducted. FIX-CTP3 exhibited an improved PK profile while maintaining its coagulation activity vs. FIX-CTP1 and FIX-CTP2 harvests or rhFIX. To further evaluate this result, FIX-CTP3 γ-Carboxyglutamate protein was purified. FIX-CTP3 exhibits a 3-fold increase in half-life and 4.5-fold higher AUC compared to rhFIX in normal rats following a single IV administration. FIX-CTP3 demonstrated a reduced in vitro chromogenic and clotting activity, most likely due to insufficient cleavage of N-terminal pro-peptide and in appropriate post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs), such as appropriate gamma carboxylation.
In the current study, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of human recombinant FIX fused to three tandem CTPs were tested in FIX-deficient mice.
Study Purpose:
To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of rFIX-(CTP)3 vs. commercial rhFIX (BeneFIX®) in FIX-deficient mice following a single IV administration of FIX-(CTP)3 at a similar specific activity and dose (similar specific activity to PD and similar FIX constant for PK).
Production of FIX-CTP3 Harvest:
FIX cDNA (OriGene RC219065-Thr 148) fused at the C-terminal to three tandem CTP sequences was expressed in Dg44 cells using Excellgene expressing system in the presence of 25 ng/ml of Vitamin K3 (Sigma, Mennadion). Five separate batches containing 5 liters of cell suspension was cultured (total of twenty-five liters) and harvested following viability decline to 60-70%. The harvest was filtered and frozen at −70° C.
Determination of Harvest FIX Antigen Level:
Harvest FIX antigen level was determined using a human FIX ELISA kit (Affinity Biologicals; Cat. # FIX-AG RUO). The antigen level was calculated per each batch. The FIX concentration was maintained through the different batches (Table 17).







TABLE 17







FIX antigen level









FIX antigen level










Batch
#1
Bat #2
Bat #3













Av (μg/ml)
28.81
32.74
42.9


STD
2.5
2.69
4.0


% CV
8.84
8.38.2
9.4









FIX-CTP3 Purification Process:
Following a short purification study, a purification process using the following 3 columns was performed: DEAE Sepharose, Heparin Sepharose and HA Bio Rad Ceramic Hydroxyapatite type 1 (40 μm), FIX-CTP3. γ-carboxylated enriched protein was purified. In brief: Five liters of clarified harvest was thawed at 4° C. over a 4 day period. For each purification batch, the clarified harvest (2 liters) was concentrated 4-fold and dialyzed against 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.2 using a disposable hollow fiber cartridge with a nominal molecular weight cutoff size of 10 KDa. This process (UFDF1) was performed twice, and one liter of UFDF1 was loaded on DEAE Sepharose column, and Factor IX was eluted with 20 mM Tris-HCl, 200 mM NaCl, 10 mM CaCl2 pH 8.2. The product was diluted 1:1 with 20 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM CaCl2 pH 7.5, and the pH was adjusted to 7.5 before loading on Heparin Sepharose column. The elution was performed with 20 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, and 10 mM CaCl2 pH 7.5. The eluted product was concentrated and dialyzed against 10 mM phosphate pH 6.8 using a Pellicon XL cassette 10 KDa cutoff membrane (UFDF2). The product was loaded on an HA column, and the activated fraction of Factor IX was eluted with 150 mM phosphate pH 6.8. The purification product was concentrated to a target concentration of 2 mg/ml and dialyzed against TBS pH 7.45, divided in aliquots and stored at −70° C.
The purification process was repeated five times, on a weekly basis in order to purify the total volume (25 liters). The purification processes were named HA#6-10. Each purification product was separately evaluated (App #1-5). At the end of the purification process, the different batches were pooled and further concentrated to a target concentration of 4 mg/ml.
FIX-CTP3 Analytical Properties:
Determination of FIX Antigen Level
FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein antigen level was determined using a human FIX ELISA kit (Affinity Biologicals; Cat. # FIX-AG RUO). The calculated protein concentration is the average of two independent runs (Table 18).







TABLE 18







FIX-CTP3 antigen level









FIX-CTP3 HA purified pool ELISA #1
FIX-CTP3 HA purified pool- ELISA #2
Final















Dil.
1
2
Av.
Dil.
1
2
Av.
Av.





130000
3412240
3781830
3597035
130000
3692260
3568240
3630250
3613643


260000
3915600
4158440
4037020
260000
3706820
3595540
3651180
3844100


520000
4158544
4334096
4246320
520000
3831464
3530748
3681106
3963713


1040000
4096352
4004104
4050228
1040000
3863392
3684304
3773848
3912038


Av.
3895684
4069618
3982651
Av.
3773484
3594708
3684096
3833373


(ng/ml)



(ng/ml)






STD
338367.5
234486.7
274313.5
STD
86576.66
65369.65
63369.86
154459.6


% CV
8.685703
5.761884
6.887712
% CV
2.294343
1.818497
1.720092
4.029338


Av.
3.895684
4.069618
3.982651
Av.
3.773484
3.594708
3.684096
3.833373


(mg/ml)



(mg/ml)






130000
3412240
3781830
3597035
130000
3692260
3568240
3630250
3613643


260000
3915600
4158440
4037020
260000
3706820
3595540
3651180
3844100


520000
4158544
4334096
4246320
520000
3831464
3530748
3681106
3963713


1040000
4096352
4004104
4050228
1040000
3863392
3684304
3773848
3912038


Av.
3895684
4069618
3982651
Av.
3773484
3594708
3684096
3833373


(ng/ml)



(ng/ml)






STD
338367.5
234486.7
274313.5
STD
86576.66
65369.65
63369.86
154459.6


% CV
8.685703
5.761884
6.887712
% CV
2.294343
1.818497
1.720092
4.029338


Av.
3.895684
4.069618
3.982651
Av.
3.773484
3.594708
3.684096
3.833373


(mg/ml)



(mg/ml)









SDS-PAGE Blots:
FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein, rhFIX and rFIXa (activated FIX) were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE Coomassie analysis was performed by staining the gel with Coomassie blue reagent (800 ng of protein) (FIG. 12). A Western immunoblot was performed using 100 ng of protein with anti-human FIX polyclonal Ab (FIG. 12B), anti-human gamma carboxylation monoclonal antibody (American Diagnostics Cat #499, 3570) (FIG. 12C), anti-FIX pro-peptide polyclonal Ab (FIG. 12D), and anti-CTP polyclonal Ab (FIG. 12E). As previously reported, FIX-CTP3 migrated at 75 KDa.
The purification procedure significantly enriched FIX-CTP3 portion while reducing impurities. The purification process yield was very low ranging around 2-3% (data not shown) due to the requirement to collect only the γ-carboxylated FIX-CTP3 fractions, as demonstrated in the anti-Gla immunoblot (FIG. 12B). Based on the Coomassie and FIX immunoblot, the FIX-CTP3 portion is only around 60-70%, and additional lower molecular weight bands, presumably with lower glycosylation forms, were also detected.
FIX-CTP3 Clotting Activity:
FIX-CTP3 Chromogenic Activity:
A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of FIX-CTP3 harvest and FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein, versus human pool normal plasma was performed using a commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221802). FIX-CTP3 harvest and protein were serially diluted, and the potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve to a reference preparation consisting of normal human plasma. As previously demonstrated, FIX-CTP3 harvest was 50 times less active then human pool plasma (Table 19, FIG. 13). Following FIX-CTP3 purification, the chromogenic activity was significantly improved and was only 4.72 times less active then human pool plasma (Table 19, FIG. 13). Harvest reduced chromogenic activity can be a consequence of improper post-transcriptional modifications of FIX protein variants, e.g. inappropriate gamma carboxylation and pro-peptide cleavage. Following purification and enrichment of the FIX-CTP3 γ-carboxylated fraction, the activity was improved, demonstrating the important contribution of γ-carboxylation to FIX activity.







TABLE 19







FIX-CTP3 chromogenic activity












EC50
Sample/plasma



Sample
(ng/ml)
EC50 ratio















FIX-CTP3
741.3
54.4



Harvest





Pur.
64.6
4.72



FIX-CTP3





Plasma
13.63
1










One Stage Clotting Assay (aPTT):
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade. The aPTT is the time, in seconds, for plasma to clot following the addition of an intrinsic pathway activator, phospholipid and calcium. The principal of the assay was to quantitate the ability of FIX-CTP3 to restore the clotting activity of FIX-depleted human plasma by the addition of rhFIX. 200 μl of FIX-deficient human plasma was mixed with 25 μg/ml of FIX-CTP3 and further diluted in TBS. Following a 60 second incubation at 37° C., 50 μl of PTT activator (Actin FS) and 50 μl of calcium 25 mM were added to the mixture, and the clotting time in seconds was determined using a Sysmex® CA 1500 Coagulator (performed by Sheba hospital, National Coagulation Center using validated aPTT assay). The potency was assessed by comparison of FIX-CTP3 to the dose-response curve of a reference preparation of normal human pool plasma. The results are expressed in percent of activity interpolated from the standard curve covering FIX levels of <1-110%. FIX-CTP3 exhibited a 15-20-fold reduction in its coagulation activity versus normal human pool plasma since the activity at 5 μg/ml, which is the normal value of FIX in the body, was shown to be 6.5% (Table 20).







TABLE 20







FIX-CTP3 clotting activity











FIX

FIX % of activity



Concentration
Concentration in
(normalized to



by provider
tested sample
human normal



(mg/ml)
(μg/ml)
pool plasma)













Fix-CTP3
3.83
25
34.7




5
6.5









FIX-CTP3 also exhibited increased clotting time compared to BeneFIX® (Table 21 and FIG. 14).







TABLE 21







Comparative clotting time (aPTT)


Clotting time










FIX-CTP3
BeneFIX ®













38
ug/ml
77.6



19
ug/ml
83.4



7.6
ug/ml
93.2
50.6


3.8
ug/ml
104.8
57.6


1.9
ug/ml
112.2
63.7


0.95
ug/ml
122.6
71.5


0.475
ug/ml

83.7


0.238
ug/ml

94.3









An additional clotting assay was performed independently in FIX-deficient mice by Dr. Paul Monahan at University of North Carolina prior to the initiation of the PK-PD study. The aPTT results suggested that FIX-CTP3 coagulation activity is 40 times less than normal pooled human plasma as demonstrated by the longer period (as measured in seconds) and higher concentration that are required for proper clotting activity (Table 22).







TABLE 22







Comparative clotting activity


FIX activity (Units)










FIX-CTP3
BeneFIX ®













38
ug/ml
13.9



19
ug/ml
8.8



7.6
ug/ml
4
116.8


3.8
ug/ml
1.6
67.4


1.9
ug/ml
0.9
41.7


0.95
ug/ml
0.4
22.4


0.475
ug/ml

8.5


0.238
ug/ml

3.7









The specific activity (u/ml), which was based on FIX antigen level as calculated by ELISA for FIX-CTP3 and BeneFIX®, was 4.46 and 198.9 respectively.
The inconsistency in the calculated FIX-CTP3 activity as demonstrated in the chromogenic vs. aPTT assays can be explained by the superior sensitivity of the aPTT assay and in vivo relevance. In the chromogenic activity assay, an excess amount of reagents and enzymes are present which can activate less potent FIX versions. The difference in the FIX-CTP specific activity values can be explained by the use of different reagents and automated machines. The activity value as calculated at University of North Carolina was used for the PK-PD study design.
FIXa Protein Detection:
In order to confirm that following the purification process, FIX activation (FIXa) did not occur, a FIXa detection assay was performed using FIXa Biophen Chromogenic Assay (Cat. # Ref. 221812). The assay measures the amount of FIXa present in a specific sample using the chromogenic activity cascade, as previously described. FIX-CTP3 and rhFIX were diluted and FIXa levels were evaluated. FIX-CTP3 wasn't activated through purification or storage (Table 23).







TABLE 23







FIXa detection











Sample
FIX-CTP3
rhFIX















Initial Con.(mg/ml)
1000
5.7



rFIXa (mg/ml)
BLQ
0.00487



% FIXa in sample
BLQ
0.085










FIX-CTP3 PK-PD Study:
FIX-CTP3 and rhFIX (BeneFIX®) were administered in a single intravenous injection to C57BI FIX-deficient mice in a dose of 625 μg/kg body weight containing 100 IU FIX/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally from 3 mice alternately at 0.25, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours post-dosing. Citrated plasma (0.32%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20IC until analysis. hFIX antigen level was evaluated, and a detailed PK analysis was performed. In order to evaluate the ability of FIX-CTP3 to elongate the clotting activity of FIX-deficient animals compared to BeneFIX®, FIX activity in citrated plasma samples, collected from the FIX−/− treated mice, was calculated using an automated FIX activity assay (Table 24).







TABLE 24







Study outline

















#
Collection Points
Required



Product
Administration
Dose
mice
(hr post-dosing)
amount





**Cohort 1
FIX-CTP3
Single
100 IU/Kg
12
0.25, 1, 4, 8, 16,
6636 μg




dose: IV
2.5 IU/mouse
mice,
24, 48






(553 μg/mouse)





Cohort 2
FIX-CTP3
Single
**472 μg/Kg
18
*0.25, 1*, 4*, 8*,
200 μg




dose: IV
12.57 μg/mouse
mice
16*, 24*, 48*, 72*,
12.57 μg/mouse







96*



**Cohort 3
BeneFIX ®
Single
100 IU/Kg
18
0.25, 1, 4, 8, 16,
226.3 μg




dose: IV
2.5 IU/mouse
mice,
24, 48, *72, *96
12.57 μg/mouse





*PK collection points only


**Tail vein bleeding at T = 48 post-dosing; cohorts 1 & 3






FIX-CTP3 Pharmacokinetic Profile in FIX−/− Mice
FIX concentration was quantitated using human FIX ELISA kits (Affinity Biologicals; Cat. # FIX-AG RUO). The pharmacokinetic profile was calculated for each protein and is the mean of three animals at each time point. Table 25 below and FIG. 15 summarize the calculated FIX concentrations at the different sampling time points for Cohorts 1 & 3. The PK profile and a summary of the PK parameters are presented below (Tables 26 & 27). A PK analysis was also performed for Cohort #2 in order to verify exposure (data not shown).







TABLE 25







FIX concentrations









Time
FIX-CTP3
BeneFIX ®


point(hr)
ng/ml
ng/ml












0.25
3645.397
2823.023


1
2411.09
2416.248


4
1703.205
1506.228


8
1139.736
864.764


16
415.32
347.465


24
238.37
158.7973


36
141.0105
94.40067


48
95.461
42.28833


72
76.90953
11.87567


96
24.955
BLQ









A two-compartmental module was used (WinLin software) to determine AUC0-inf, Tterminal and clearance (CL). The PK parameters are described below in Table 26.







TABLE 26







PK properties













FIX
T1⁄2α
T1⁄2 β
AUC
CL
MRT
Vss


Version
(1/hr)
(1/hr)
ng/ml * hr
ml/Kg/hr
(hr)
(ml/Kg)
















BeneFIX ®
3.4
12.7
22428
29
11.5
320.8


FIX-CTP3
4
28.7
31770
19
22
425.2









The addition of the three CTP “cassettes” to rhFIX elongated FIX half-life in vivo by at least 2.5-fold. AUC following in vivo FIX-CTP3 administration increased 2-fold versus rhFIX. FIX-CTP3-injected mice demonstrated an improved PK profile compared to BeneFIX®-injected mice.
FIX-CTP3 Pharmacodynamic Profile in FIX-deficient Mice:
In parallel to PK sampling, FIX-deficient animals administered with eitherp BeneFIX® or FIX-CTP3, citrated plasma samples, were evaluated for their clotting activity by aPTT assay, which was translated to % activity. The % activity at each collection point was calculated as the current clotting time/clotting time of normal pool mice plasma*100. Table 27 summarizes the activity values following administration of either BeneFIX® or FIX-CTP3.
Following FIX-CTP3 administration, significant clotting activity was detected one hour after administration reaching 96% activity at four hours post-dosing, while BeneFIX® highest activity value was 40% (Table 27, FIG. 16). FIX-CTP3 clotting activity was maintained for a longer period of time, demonstrating elongated activity. Clotting activity for the BeneFIX®-treated mice was undetectable at time points later than 36 hours, while FIX-CTP3-treated mice continued to retain measurable activity at 72 hours post-dosing (Table 27, FIG. 16). Analysis of the % clotting pharmacokinetic profile suggest that FIX-CTP3 clotting activity is maintained for a significantly longer period and its half-life is almost 2-fold higher than Benefix® (Table 28).







TABLE 27







FIX % of activity










BeneFIX ®
FIX-CTP3


Hr post-dosing
% of activity
% of activity












0.25
39.9
1.0


1
33.4
15.5


4
24.9
93.6


8
18.8
65.2


16
10.3
39.9


24
1.7
11.9


36
1.4
11.0


48
<1
4.6


72
<1
1.4
















TABLE 28







Clotting Activity











FIX
T1⁄2α
T1⁄2 β



Version
(1/hr)
(1/hr)







BeneFIX ®
5.7
—



FIX-CTP3
7.3
16










9.3 FIX-Deficient Mice Bleeding Challenge
FIX-deficient mice were administered a single intravenous injection of 100 IU/kg of BeneFIX® or rFIX-CTP3. The tail vein was slightly clipped 48 hours post-dosing, and tail vein bleeding time (TVBT) and bleeding intensity (hemoglobin OD) were evaluated. A second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes after reaching homeostasis, and the same parameters were measured. Following the first bleeding challenge, FIX-CTP3-administered animals' bleeding was significantly less intense then BeneFIX® bleeding as demonstrated by the Hemoglobin OD values (FIG. 17).
Since it was previously reported that during the first bleeding challenge in hemophilic mice, the bleeding time does not necessarily correlate with treatment efficacy, it is recommended to evaluate the homeostasis following additional bleeding. Once the first bleeding was spontaneously or manually stopped, a second bleeding challenge was performed 15 minutes following the first one, and the time and bleeding intensity were re-measured. During the second bleeding episode FIX-CTP3-administered animals had reduced bleeding time and intensity, demonstrating that FIX-CTP3 was potent at a later time points (FIG. 18).
Finally, the animals were further observed for the 12 hours following the second bleeding challenge, and all recurring bleeding events were documented. FIX-CTP3-administered animals were able to maintain blood homeostasis for the next 12 hours with no re-occurring bleeding events. In contrast, 50% of BeneFIX®-treated mice had spontaneous bleeding episodes from the tail (Table 29).







TABLE 29







Outcome 12 hours after tail transection












Delayed
Death or Distress



Mouse group
rebleeding
Requiring Euthanasia







FIX-CTP3
0/5 (0%)
0/5



(100 IU/kg)





BeneFIX ®
3/6 (50%)
0/6



(100 IU/kg)





FIX−/− (untreated)
5/6 (100%)
1/6










Recombinant FIX-CTP3, a fusion protein comprised of a single molecule of FIX fused to three CTP “cassettes” in tandem was developed to address the short half-life of currently available FIX products used to treat patients with hemophilia B. The results herein demonstrated that the elimination half-life of rFIX-CTP3 was consistently 2.5- to 4-fold longer than rFIX in rats (as previously reported) and in FIX-deficient mice.
Without being bound by theory, the fusion protein reduces clearance of FIX and protects FIX from protease activity, degradation by masking and reduces the affinity of FIX for hepatic receptors. Taken together these characteristics of the CTP domain extend the half-life of FIX.
In addition to pharmacokinetic analysis of rFIX-CTP3, we examined the pharmacodynamic properties of FIX-CTP3 in FIX-deficient mice. rFIX-CTP3 and rFIX, were administered at comparable doses (in units) to compensate for the clotting deficiency levels in FIX-deficient mice. However, the effect of rFIX-CTP3 in FIX-deficient mice was significantly prolonged to at least 76 hr after dosing, reaching a higher activity peak. FIX-CTP3 clotting activity began after a 1-hour delay compared to BeneFIX®. FIX activation may be required since the addition of three tandem CTPs might theoretically mask the activation site and delay cascade onset. Following FIX-CTP3 administration, a 100% peak activity was observed, while BeneFIX® activity was only 40%. The superior initial activity is a very important parameter and demonstrates that addition of 3 CTPs has the potential to improve recovery.
Prophylactic FIX replacement therapy for patients with hemophilia B aims to maintain plasma levels of 1-2% normal clotting activity. The tail vein bleeding assay is a sensitive in vivo test that measures the ability to maintain bleeding homeostasis at low activity values mimicking human bleeding homeostasis model. In response to tail vein bleeding challenge 48 hours post-dosing, rFIX-CTP3-administered animals maintained blood homeostasis with shorter and less severe bleeding episodes, demonstrating sustained clotting activity.
FIX is a complex protein that contains a number of functional domains which undergo extensive post-translational modifications. One of the essential post-translational modifications for FIX activity is gamma-carboxylation of the first 12 glutamic acids in the Gla domain by vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase. This modification facilitates the binding of FIX to phospholipid membranes and, thus, is critical to its function. FIX that is not gamma-carboxylated is not functional, and hence gamma-carboxylation is a rate-limiting step.
This PK-PD study was conducted using transiently transfected cells. An extensive analytical evaluation of post-translational modifications is performed on the stable FIX-CTP3 protein produced and secreted from stable optimized clone.
Based on the presented data, FIX-CTP3 coagulation factor has the potential to reduce the frequency of injections in patients receiving routine prophylactic doses of FIX replacement therapy. It is anticipated that rFIX-CTP3 can confer prolonged protection from bleeding following each dose of factor, decrease the overall units of factor needed to treat bleeding episodes, and/or maintain adequate hemostasis during surgical procedures with fewer injections.
Example 4
Generation and Utilization of Coagulation Factor FVII
A long-acting version of activated Factor VII (FVIIa) coagulation factor will be useful for the treatment of patients with hemophilia A and B. FVIIa-CTP3 recombinant protein has the clinical potential to improve the treatment of hemophilia patients by reducing the frequency of infusions and even by reducing the drug load, enabling a prophylactic treatment approach which can significantly improves a patient's quality of life, avoid spontaneous bleeding episodes and accumulated damage to the joint and other organs.
The generation of a recombinant FVIIa-CTP molecule with an extended half-life based on fusion of FVII to a human CTP is described herein. The recombinant FVIIa-CTP was expressed in mammalian cells and characterized in vitro and in vivo. It was demonstrated that rFVII-CTP activity was comparable to rFVII. Pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies in rats demonstrated improved properties of rFVII-CTP. The results of this study demonstrated that it is feasible to develop a half-life extended rFVIIa molecule with very similar haemostatic properties to the wild-type enzyme.
Cloning and Expression of Recombinant FVII Molecule:
Several Factor VII clones were constructed in our eukaryotic expression vector (pCI-dhfrr) (FIG. 19). Human MGC verified FL cDNA clone (IRCM) containing the sequence of homo sapiens coagulation Factor VII was ordered from “Open Biosystems” (OB-MHS4426). The following primers were synthesized by Sigma-Genosys in the following sequence: Primer 67: 5′CTCGAGGACATGGTCTCCCAGGCCC3′ (contains the 5′ end of Factor VII DNA and the restriction site of XhoI) (SEQ ID NO: 5); Primer 68R: 5′ TCTAGAATAGGTATTTTTCCACATG3′ (contains the restriction site of XbaI) (SEQ ID NO: 6); Primer 69: 5′ TCTAGAAAAAAGAAATGCCAGC3′ (contains the restriction site of XbaI) (SEQ ID NO: 7); and Primer 70R: 5′GCGGCCGCATCCTCAGGGAAATGGGGCTCGCA3′ (contains the 3′ end of Factor VII DNA and the restriction site of NotI) (SEQ ID NO: 8).
Cloning was performed in two sets of PCR reactions. The first reaction was conducted with primer 67 and primer 68R using a cDNA plasmid with the Factor VII sequence (OB-MHS4426) as a template; as a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃534 bp product was formed, isolated and ligated into a TA cloning vector (Invitrogen, Catalog No: K2000-01). A XhoI-XbaI fragment containing the amino terminus of the Factor VII sequence was isolated. The second reaction was conducted with primer 69 and primer 70R and again, a cDNA plasmid with the Factor VII sequence (OB-MHS4426) was used as a template. As a result of the PCR amplification, a  ̃813 bp product was formed and ligated into TA cloning vector (Invitrogen, Catalog No: K2000-01). A XbaI-NotI fragment containing the carboxy terminus of Factor VII sequence was isolated. The two fragments were inserted into our eukaryotic expression vector pCI-dhfr (triple ligation) to yield the 501-O-p136-1 clone.
Plasmid 501-p136-1 (Factor VII in pCI-dhfr vector) was digested with restriction enzymes XhoI and KpnI. A fragment of  ̃1186 bp was isolated. A partial Factor VII clone (1180 bp-1322 bp) followed by a CTP sequence, termination sequence and NotI sequence that was synthesized by GeneArt (0721543) was digested with restriction enzymes KpnI and NotI. A fragment of  ̃253 bp was isolated. The two fragments were inserted into our eukaryotic expression vector pCI-dhfr (triple ligation) to yield the 501-1-p137-2 clone. pCI-dhfr-701-2-p24-2 was digested with restriction enzymes XhoI and ApaI, and the large fragment (vector) was isolated.
pCI-dhfr-501-2-p137-2 (Factor VII-ctp ×1) was digested with restriction enzymes XhoI and ApaI, and a  ̃1200 bp insert was isolated. The vector and insert were ligated to yield 501-2-p139-2. Dg44 cells were plated in 100 mm tissue culture dishes and grown to confluence of 50-60%. A total of 2 μg of DNA was used for transfection of one 100 mm plate using the FuGene reagent (Roche) in protein-free medium (Invitrogen CD Dg44). The medium was removed 48 hours post-transfection and replaced with a protein-free medium (Invitrogen CD Dg44) without nucleosides. After 14 days, the transfected cell population was transferred into T25 tissue culture flasks, and the selection was continued for 10-14 days until the cells began to grow well as a stable clone. High-expressing clones were selected and approximately 2×107 cells were used to inoculate 300 ml of growth medium in a 1700 cm2 roller bottle (Corning, Corning N.Y.) supplemented with 5 ng/ml of Vitamin K3 (menadione sodium bisulfate; Sigma). The production medium (harvest) was collected after a rapid decrease in the cell viability to around 70%. The production medium was first clarified and then concentrated approximately 20-fold and dialyzed to PBS using flow filtration cassette (10 KDaMWCO; Millipore Corp, Billerica, Mass.).
Determination of FVII Antigen Level
The cDNA coding the CTP peptide was fused to the 3′ end of the cDNA coding human FVII. The corresponding rFVII construct was transfected into Dg44 cells. As a control, a human rFVII cDNA was utilized. The production medium (harvest) was collected, concentrated and the secreted recombinant FVII was further evaluated. rFVII, rFVII-CTP and rFVII-CTP-CTP antigen levels were determined by AssayMax Human FVII ELISA kit (AssayPro) (FIG. 20A). There was no significant difference in the secretion level of rFVII-CTP and rFVII-(CTP)2 compared to native rFVII.
SDS-PAGE Blots
SDS-PAGE analysis was done by loading 50 ng of either harvest, purified or activated rFVII protein. Samples were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was done by performing a Western immunoblot using an anti-human FVII monoclonal antibody (Ab) (R&D systems) or anti-CTP polyclonal antibody generated in Rabbit.
The level of rFVII antigen correlated with the detected protein level in a SDS-PAGE immunoblotted with anti-FVII Ab. rFVII-CTP migrated as a single band, while the corresponding molecular weight of the FVII control was approximately 52 KDa (data not shown). Both proteins reacted with antibodies specific for FVII on immunoblots. The rFVII-CTP also reacted with antibodies specific for CTP. rFVII was secreted in its zymogene form with no trace of activated protein.
FVII Chromogenic Activity:
rFVII, rFVII-CTP and rFVII-(CTP)2 harvest activities were determined using a commercially available chromogenic test kit (AssaySense Human FVII Chromogenic Activity Assay Kit (AssayPro). For functional characterization of the rFVII-CTP and its ability to be further activated (FVIIa), concentrated rFVII-CTP (harvests) were placed in a commercially available chromogenic test kit that measure the ability of TF/FVIIa to activate Factor X to Factor Xa that in the presence of FXa specific substrate releases a quantitated signal (AssayPro). The addition of the CTP peptide at the C-terminal of the rFVII protein did not impair the FVII serine protease activity (FIG. 20B, 20C).
FVII Clotting Activity:
Prothrombin time (PT) measures the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The PT is the time (measured in seconds) it takes plasma to clot following the addition of an extrinsic pathway activator, phospholipid and calcium. It is used to determine the clotting tendency of blood, specifically in the measure of warfarin dosage, liver damage, and vitamin K status. The reference range for prothrombin time is usually around 12-15 seconds. Specifically, the assay quantitated the ability of FVII-CTP and FVII-(CTP)2 harvest to restore the clotting activity of FVII-depleted human plasma by the addition of rhFVII. 300 μl of FVII-deficient human plasma was mixed with 100 μl of FVII, FVII-CTP and FVII-(CTP)2 harvests at specific concentrations, or normal pool human plasma and were further diluted. Following a 60 second incubation at 37° C., Tissue Factor (TF), CaCl2, and phospholipids were added to the mixture. The clotting time in seconds was determined. Potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve of FVII-CTP and FVII-(CTP)2 harvests to a reference preparation consisting of rhFVII or human pool plasma. One unit of active FVII was defined as the amount of FVII which equals to the activity of one ml human normal plasma. The PT Clotting activity of rFVII and rFVII-CTP was measured on a coagulometer (Instrumentation Laboratory).
As previously shown, the addition of a CTP peptide at the C-terminal of the rFVII protein did not damage its serine protease activity and lead to the initiation and activation of a native Factor X and Factor IX in human plasma. Following the insertion of an additional CTP at the C terminal, there was a three-fold reduction in the serine protease activity (data not shown).
Pharmacokinetics Study:
rFVII, rFVII-CTP, and rFVII-(CTP)2 harvests were administered intravenously to Sprague-Dawley rats (six rats per substance) with a dose of 100 μg/kg body weight. For all of the in vivo experiments, the amount of the respective protein was determined on the basis of FVII ELISA kit. For each FVII test substance, the injected amount was calculated by taking into account the differences in the molecular weight of rFVII versus rFVII-CTP, which leads to a different molar concentration.
Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally using an altering sampling scheme to minimize interference of the sampling procedure levels to be quantified: from 3 rats at 30 and 90 min and at 2, 6, and 48 hrs, and from the remaining three rats at 15 and 60 min and at 1.5, 4, and 24 hrs alternately. Plasma was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis. FVII concentration was quantified by FVII ELISA specific assay. Half-life and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated using a linear trapezoidal rule. Comparison of these clearance parameters revealed that the in vivo half-life and rFVII-(CTP)2 AUC are significantly higher than those of rFVII (Table 30).







TABLE 30







PK study parameters















Dose
T1⁄2
AUC0-t
CL/F
MRT


Group
Route
μg/kg
min
ng/min/mL
mL/min/kg
min
















FVII
IV
60
4.07
3314.7
6.195
6.2


FVII-CTP
IV
60
β = 51.06
31353.9
0.287
73.7


FVII-CTP-
IV
60
β = 13.66
7626.8
1.18
15.4


CTP









Characterization of Recombinant FVIIa-CTP:
During activation, FVII is cleaved at R152 resulting in heavy and light chain domains that are held together by a single disulfide bridge. rFVIIa-(CTP)2 is purified and activated by an ion exchange column purification process. In order to fully evaluate rFVIIa-(CTP)2, the protein is loaded on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions to commercial FVIIa (NovoSeven®). The heavy and the light chain domains are separated and migrate as separated bands of molecular weights 55 and 25 KDa. Both proteins react with antibodies specific for FVII, but the heavy chain of the rFVIIa-CTP specifically reacts with anti-CTP-specific antibodies, indicating that this band represents the FVII heavy chain fused to CTP. The light chain reacts specifically with anti-gamma carboxylase Ab. The FVIIa protein concentration is determined by FVIIa-specific ELISA kit.
FVIIa N-Terminal Sequencing:
rFVII-CTP-CTP in activated or zymogene purified proteins is separated by SDS-PAGE (on 12% Tris-Glycine) and subsequently electroblotted to a PVDF membrane. The bands of interest are cut out and put on a purified Biobrene-treated glass fiber filter. The N-terminal sequence analysis is carried out by Edmann degradation using a pulsed liquid protein sequencer equipped with a 140 C HPLC microgradient system. The identity of the recombinant protein and proper pro-peptide cleavage is further verified by N-terminal sequencing.
FVIIa Clotting Activity:
In order to evaluate FVII-(CTP)2 coagulation activity, activated partial thromboplastin time assay (aPTT) is performed. FVII-deficient plasma sample is substituted with rFVIIa (NovoSeven®) or rFVIIa-(CTP)2. 300 μl of FVII deficient human plasma is mixed with 100 μl of FVIIa or rFVIIa-(CTP)2 at specific concentrations, or normal pooled human plasma which is further diluted. Following 60 seconds incubation at 37° C. Tissue Factor (TF), CaCl2, and phospholipids are added to the mixture. Clotting time in seconds is determined. Potency is assessed by comparing a dose-response curve of rFVIIa-(CTP)2 to a reference preparation consisting of rhFVIIa or human pool normal plasma. One unit of FVIIa is defined as the amount of FVIIa which equals to the activity of 1 ml human normal plasma. The aPTT clotting activity of rFVII and rFVIIa-(CTP)2 is measured on a coagulometer (Instrumentation Laboratory). The aPTT clotting activity of rFVIIa and rFVIIa-(CTP)2 is similar.
Pharmacokinetics Studies in Rats:
In order to characterize the influence of the CTP addition to the rFVIIa on its longevity potential, a comparative pharmacokinetic study in rats is performed. NovoSeven® (rFVIIa) and rFVIIa-(CTP)2 in TBS are injected IV to 6 SD rats. The levels of FVIIa over time are detected using a FVIIa ELISA kit. The half-life and AUC are calculated for each protein. Comparison of these clearance parameters reveals that the in vivo measures of half-life, recovery, and AUC of the rFVIIa-(CTP)2 are superior to those of NovoSeven®.
FVIIa-CTP In Vivo Efficacy Model (FVIII-Deficient Mouse Model of Hemophilia):
In order to assess the in vivo activity model, FVIII knockout mice are obtained, and a breeding colony is established. 10 μg of either commercial recombinant hFVIIa (NovoSeven®) or rFVIIa-(CTP)2 are injected into the tail vein of an anaesthetized FVIII knockout mouse (22-28 g). The amount of injected protein equals to the required concentration of FVIII in normal plasma (5 μg/ml). Blood samples are taken from the clipped tail into heparinized capillary tubes at specific time points. Plasma samples are assessed for FVIIa levels by ELISA, and efficacy is measured by a PTT coagulation assay.
In this study, a fusion construct of FVII with CTP is generated. This recombinant protein is the basis for a treatment that provides a prolonged half-life and retention of therapeutic potency.
These results suggest that rFVIIa-(CTP)2 has a similar therapeutic efficacy to rFVIIa in hemophilia patients. Moreover, this technology requires less frequent dosing. It appears that a single injection of rFVIIa-(CTP)2 is sufficient to control bleeding episodes and reduce the number of injections that are needed during surgical intervention. This recombinant protein may be used as a long term prophylactic treatment.
Example 5
Comparative Assessment of Purified FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 
5.1 Study Objective
Comparative assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters and clotting activity of FVII-CTP4 and FVII-CTP5 versus FVII-CTP3.
5.2 Production of FVII-CTP4 and FVII-CTP5 Harvests
FVII cDNA fused at the C-terminal to four or five tandem CTP sequences was expressed in Dg44 cells using the Excellgene expressing system in the presence of 20 μg/L of vitamin K3 (Sigma, Mennadion). The harvest was collected (300 ml), filtered and frozen.
5.3 Production of FVII-CTP3 Harvest
FVII-CTP3 was expressed in-house in mammalian expressing system, CHO cells, using pCI-DHFR vector. Stable transfected pool #71 was grown in shake flasks, in the presence of 25 ng/L of vitamin K3 (Sigma). The harvests were collected and filtered.
All FVII-CTP harvests (3, 4 and 5 CTPs) were concentrated and dialyzed against TBS (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) using Pellicon XL MWCO 10 kDa.
5.4 Determination of FVII Antigen Level
FVII antigen level was determined using Human FVII ELISA kit (Zymotest HyPhen) (Table 31). The calculated protein concentration is the average of two independent runs.







TABLE 31







FVII antigen level











FVII-
FVII-
FVII-



CTP3
CTP4
CTP5













Av. (ng/ml)
224357.3
87884.1
589423


SD
44789.5
3248.7
5309


% CV
20.0
3.7
9









5.5 FVII-CTP Immune-Blot
FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 harvests were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel (expedeon) using Precision plus dual color protein marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was performed by Western immune-blot using anti-CTP polyclonal Ab (Adar Biotech Production) or anti-Gla Ab (American Diagnostica).
FVII fused to three, four and five CTP migrated at 80, 90 and 100 kDa, respectively. As expected, FVII-CTP4 and FVII-CTP5 harvests from Excellgene contain low gamma carboxylation content as compared to FVII-CTP3 harvest which was produced at Prolor since the production process wasn't optimized (FIG. 21).
5.6 Comparative Assessment of FVII In Vitro Potency
A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of HA purified (highly gamma carboxylated fraction) FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 versus normal human pool plasma was performed using a commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221304). All samples were serially diluted, and the potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve to a reference preparation consisting of normal human plasma. FVII-CTP3 and FVII-CTP5 demonstrated chromogenic activity lower than pooled normal plasma (FIG. 22). FVII-CTP4 demonstrated higher activity as reflected by EC50 ratios, compared to FVII-CTP3 and FVII-CTP5 (Table 32).







TABLE 32







FVII In Vitro Clotting Activity













Sample/plasma



Sample
EC50 (ng/ml)
EC50 ratio







Plasma
0.05




FVII 3 CTP
0.12
2.72



FVII 4 CTP
0.03
0.71



FVII 5 CTP
0.06
1.35










5.7 FVII In Vitro Clotting Activity:
Factor VII (FVII) activity assay, which was performed in Sheba Medical Center, the Israel National Coagulation Center, is a prothrombin (PT)-based assay using immuno-adsorbed plasma deficient in Factor VII (Siemens). The PT reagent is innovin, and the assay is performed in the Sysmex® CA 1500 instrument. FVII normal range is within 55-145%.







TABLE 33







FVII In Vitro Chromogenic Activity












Concentration in




FVII %
tested sample
Concentration


Sample
of activity
(μg/ml)
(μg/ml)













FVII 3 CTP
36
0.5
224.2



18
0.25




6
0.125



FVII 4 CTP
334
0.5
87.9



176
0.25




93
6.25



FVII 5 CTP
38
0.5
58.9



19
0.25




10
0.125









Since the normal level of circulating FVII in the body is around 0.5 μg/ml, FVII-CTP3 and FVII-CTP5 harvests exhibit 3-fold reductions in their coagulation activity versus normal human pool plasma; this result correlates with the obtained chromogenic activity (Table 33).
The FVII-CTP4 harvest exhibits a 3-fold increase in its potential coagulation activity versus normal human pool plasma as observed in the chromogenic activity assay (Table 33). The activity percentage of FVII-CTP4 is much higher compared to activity percentage of FVII-CTP3 and FVII-CTP5. Methodological limitations of the ELISA method may limit the accuracy of Ag level calculations of FVII-CTP4.
5.8 Pharmacokinetic Study
Two pharmacokinetic studies were performed in order to determine the FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters. During the first study, FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 (Group A, B and C, respectively) were administered in a single intravenous injection to Sprague Dawley rats (six rats per treatment) in a dose of 250 μg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally from 3 rats alternately at 0.083, 0.5 2, 5, 8, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dosing (Table 34). Citrated plasma (0.38%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis.







TABLE 34







Pharmacokinetic Study Design - Concentrated Harvest
















No. of

Dose Level
Injected




Treatment
Test
animals/group/
Dose
(μg per
Vol.
Conc.
Time-Points


Group
Article
time point
Route
animal)
(μl)
(μg/ml)
(hours post-dose)





A
FVII-
6
IV
50
200
250
0 (Pre-dose) 0.083, 0.5,



CTP * 3





2, 5, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96


B
FVII-
6
IV
50
200
250
0 (Pre-dose) 0.083, 0.5,



CTP * 4





2, 5, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96


C
FVII-
6
IV
50
200
250
0 (Pre-dose) 0.083, 0.5,



CTP * 5





2, 5, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96









FVII concentration in plasma samples were quantified using human FVII Elisa kits (Zymutest FVII-Biophen). The pharmacokinetic profile was calculated and is the mean of 3 animals at each time point. Terminal half-life values were calculated using PK Solutions 2.0 Software. Table 35 below summarizes the calculated FVII concentrations at the different sampling time points. The PK profile (FIGS. 23-24) and a summary of the PK parameters (Table 36) are also presented below. FVII-CTP5 demonstrated a superior profile as compared to FVII-CTP3 and FVII-CTP4 (Table 36).







TABLE 35







First Pharmacokinetic Study - FVII Concentrations














AVE-FVII-

AVE-FVII-

AVE-FVII-



Time
3-CTP

4-CTP

5-CTP



(hr)
(ng/ml)
SD
(ng/ml)
SD
(ng/ml)
SD
















0.083
4214
583
3600
427
4888
504


0.5
3386
892
5213
1682
5384
2549


2
1138
219
3603
1338
3082
289


5
1390
374
2726
1127
2480
561


8
333
167
1349
44
2316
633


24
133
12
476
98
788
34


48
38
3
165
24
384
61


72
12
2
91
62
167
31


96
26
1
42
8
93
49
















TABLE 36







Pharmacokinetic Analysis













FVII-5



FVII 3-CTP
FVII-4-CTP
CTP













half-life (0.083-8 hr) (hr)
2.5
4.9
6.6


half-life (8-72 hr) (hr)
13.3
16.6
17.7


AUC (ng-hr/ml) (8-72 hr)
18374.6
51224.4
72954.2


Vd (ml/kg) (8-72 hr)
203.7
91.9
67.7


CL(ml/hr/kg) (8-72 hr)
10.6
3.8
2.7









The addition of four or five CTPs significantly elongated FVII half-life as compared to 3 CTPs by 2- and 3-fold, respectively (Table 36). This superiority was more significant in the initial part of the study (0.083-8 hr), suggesting a potential improved protein recovery and reduced extra vascular clearance. AUC following FVII-CTP4 and FVII-CTP5 administration increased by 3- and 4-fold, respectively, versus FVII-CTP3. Clearance was also reduced while adding 4 and 5 CTPs to FVII (Table 36).
As observed in the study, the addition of four and five CTPs significantly elongated FVII half-life as compared to 3 CTPs, both in the initial and terminal half-life. The half-life values in the first and second study are different due to a different analysis approach which was effected by the dose and study duration, nevertheless the overall trend was maintained. The AUC following FVII-CTP4 and FVII-CTP5 administration increased by 2.5- and 7-fold, respectively, versus FVII-CTP3.
5.9 Conclusions:
In this study, the PK parameters and potential clotting activity of FVII-CTP3, FVII-CTP4, and FVII-CTP5 were assessed. Fusion of 4 and 5 CTPs to FVII provided a superior and improved half-life, exposure and reduced clearance as compared to FVII-CTP3 while maintaining a similar chromogenic and in vitro clotting activity. These results were observed at different concentrations of protein and were consistent for both harvest and purified protein. While evaluating the overall effect of fusion of CTP at the C terminus to FVII, fusion of 1-5 CTPs considerably increased the half-life and AUC of FVII in a CTP proportional manner, suggesting that as the CTP portion of the molecule increases, FVII longevity and stability is significantly improved while maintaining its initial in vitro clotting activity, as summarized in Table 37 hereinbelow.









TABLE 37





Comparative assessment
T1/2 percent increase
AUC percent increase

















FVII vs. FVII-CTP2
268
200


FVII-CTP2 vs. FVII-CTP3
67
57.8


FVII-CTP3 vs. FVII-CTP4
24
178


FVII-CTP4 vs. FVII-CTP5
6
42









As previously reported, FVII half-life correlates with the half-life of the activated form of FVII (FVIIa) both in humans and animals. Therefore, it is anticipated that a similar improvement in half-life will be obtained for the activated versions following CTP fusion.
Example 6
FVII-CTP3 Feasibility Studies in FVIII-Deficient Hemophilic Mice
Studies described hereinabove testing FVII-CTP, FVII-CTP2 and FVII-CTP3 harvest PK profile and coagulation activity vs. a commercial FVII were conducted. FVII-CTP3 exhibited an improved PK profile while maintaining its coagulation activity vs. FVII-CTP and FVII-CTP2 harvests or rhFVII. In order to further characterize FVII-CTP3 in vitro and in vivo properties, a mini stable pool expressing and secreting the protein was generated, and purification and activation processes were developed.
In the current study, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of FVIIa-CTP3 were tested in FVIII-deficient mice. The PK profile of the protein was evaluated. A FVIIa specific activity-based PK profile was established and compared to commercial product NovoSeven®. In addition, the long-lasting in vivo hemostatic capabilities of FVIIa-CTP3 to induce coagulation in FVIII-deficient mice after a tail vain transection (survival study) were tested.
Study Objectives:
To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of FVIIa-CTP3 vs. commercial rhFVIIa (NovoSeven®) in FVIII-deficient mice following a single IV administration at a similar activity dose.
To determine the in vivo ability of FVIIa-CTP3 to maintain homeostasis in FVIII-deficient mice by a single IV administration of FVIIa-CTP3 and NovoSeven® at a similar activity dose followed by a challenge of tail vein transection (survival study).
Production of FVII-CTP3 Harvest:
FVII-CTP3 was expressed in-house in Dg44 cells using a pCI-DHFR vector. Stable transfected pool #71 was grown in shake flasks, in the presence of 25 ng/L of Vitamin K3 (Sigma). Cell suspension was cultured and harvested following viability decline to 60-80%. The harvest was filtered and frozen at −70° C.
Determination of Harvest FVII Antigen Level:
FVII antigen level was determined using human FVII ELISA kit (Zymotest HyPhen) (Table 38). The antigen level was calculated per each pooled harvest batch.







TABLE 38







FVII-CTP3 antigen level


FVII antigen level












PK-PD study
Survival study













harvest 31A
harvest 31B
harvest 38
















Av (μg/ml)
16.0
15.9
16.6



STD
1.5
0.0
0.8



% CV
9.1
0.1
4.9










FVII-CTP3 Purification Process (FIG. 25)
Process Outline
Following a short purification study, the following purification process using 2 columns was performed. VII-Select affinity column (GE) and Ceramic Hydroxyapatite type 1 (HA), 40 μm (Bio Rad), FVII-CTP3 γ-carboxylated enriched protein was purified. Auto-activation was induced by incubation of purified FVII-CTP3 in the presence of CaCl2 overnight at 2-8° C. The purification process is in its final developmental stage and is being optimized, thus part of the purification steps are not identical in the two batches.
Ultra-filtration/diafiltration (UFDF) using 10 kDa Hollow Fiber or Pellicon Cassette
Clarified harvest was thawed at 4° C. over the weekend (2-3 days).
In Batch 31, clarified harvest (12 liters) was concentrated 4-fold (in two successive runs) using a hollow fiber cartridge (GE Healthcare Catalog #UFP-10-C-4X2MA) with a 10 KDa molecular weight cut-off. Concentrated harvest was dia-filtrated against 1-2 volumes of TBS (50 mM Tris 150 mM NaCl pH 7.4).
In Batch 38, clarified harvest (8.5 liters) was concentrated 4-fold using a Pellicon 2 (Millipore) cassette with a 10 KDa molecular weight cut-off. Concentrated harvest was directly loaded on VII-Select column.
Both ultra-filtrations were performed on ice with ice cold buffers. UFDF samples were filtered 0.22 μm before loading.
Capture on FVII-Select Column
The UFDF or concentrated harvest was loaded on VII-Select column (XK16/20, CV 18 ml), pre-equilibrated with TBS pH 7.4. The column was washed with 50 mM Tris-HCl, 0.5M NaCl pH 7.5, and FVII-CTP3 was eluted with 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1M-NaCl 50% (v/v), Propylene Glycol pH 7.5. The process was performed in two successive cycles utilizing the same column.
Gamma Carboxylation-Based Separation on a Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Column
The eluted product was diluted 1:10 with 10 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.8 and loaded on ceramic hydroxyapatite columns (XK16/20, CV 24 ml). The column was washed with 59 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.8 and the γ-carboxylated rich fraction of Factor VII was eluted with 500 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.8. This process was performed in two successive cycles on the same column. At each batch, the eluates of the two cycles were pooled and concentrated to 1.7-2 mg/ml and dia-filtered with 20 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl pH 8.2 to reduce volume and prepare the material for the activation step.
FVII Activation
Purified FVII-CTP3 was diluted to 1 mg/ml and incubated in 20 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl and 1 mM CaCl2 pH 8.2 at 2-8° C. for 24 hours. Activation was terminated by buffer exchange (UFDF) to preliminary formulation buffer (20 mM Citrate, 240 mM NaCl, 13.3 mM Glycine, pH 6.9).
FVII-CTP3 and FVIIa-CTP3 Analytical Properties:
SDS-PAGE and Western Blots
Purified FVII-CTP3, and FVIIa-CTP3 were loaded on 12% Tris-Glycine gel using Precision Plus Dual Color Protein Marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE Coomassie analysis was performed by staining the gel with Coomassie brilliant blue reagent (5 or 10 μg of protein/lane). Western blot analysis was performed (1 μg of protein/lane) using anti-human FVII polyclonal Ab (R&D systems; AF2338), anti-human gamma carboxylation monoclonal antibody (American Diagnostics Catalog #499, 3570), and anti-CTP polyclonal Ab. Under reduced conditions, FVII-CTP3 migrated at 75 KDa, and FVIIa-CTP3 migrated as two main bands: a heavy chain at 50 kDa, and a light chain at 25 kDa, represented in FIG. 26 as Bands 2 and 3, respectively.
The purification procedure significantly enriched the FVII-CTP3 portion while reducing impurities. The purification process yield was 25-30% FVII (according to ELISA). Most of the protein lost during purification had low FVII chromogenic activity or no activity. Based on Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE, the reduced FVIIa-CTP3 contains more than the predicted bands. A band migrating to around  ̃75 kDa represents non-activated FVII (FIG. 26, Band 1). This band consists of two bands with minor MW differences, which might reflect different γ-carboxylation content. Additional bands with MW lower than 20 kDa were observed. This was previously reported to be degradation products of the heavy chain.
FVII-CTP3 Chromogenic Activity:
A comparative assessment of the in vitro potency of FVII-CTP3 harvest, in-process fractions, and purified FVII-CTP3 versus human pool normal plasma was performed using a commercially available chromogenic activity test kit, BIOPHEN (Hyphen BioMed 221304). FVII-CTP3 harvest and protein were serially diluted and the potency was assessed by comparing a dose-response curve to a reference preparation of normal human plasma. Following FVII-CTP3 purification, the chromogenic activity was significantly improved, and non-active fractions were separated mainly by HA column (FIG. 27). A strong correlation between FVII chromogenic activity and detection of FVII with monoclonal anti-Gla antibodies in Western blot was observed. The potency of FVII chromogenic activity as reflected by EC50 value in harvest is affected from both carboxylated and non-carboxylated FVII fractions. Following purification and enrichment of FVII-CTP3 γ-carboxylated fraction, the activity was improved, demonstrating the important contribution of γ-carboxylation to FVII activity (FIG. 27). This parameter is crucial for proper FVII in vivo activity and will be further addressed in a clone development program.
Protein Determination by A280
The theoretical extinction coefficient of FVIIa-CTP3 and NovoSeven® was calculated using the ProtParam algorithm (http://web.expasy.org/protparam). The calculation is based on amino acid sequence. The calculated extinction coefficients for FVII-CTP3 and NovoSeven® is 1.186 and 1.406, respectively. These values represent the absorbance of 1 g/L at 280 nm.
The extinction coefficient difference between the two proteins derives solely from the increase in molecular weight of FVIIa-CTP3 compared to NovoSeven®, since CTP lacks aromatic and cysteine residues, thus does not contribute to the absorbance.
Protein determination by A280 is used for final FVII, and for purified in-process samples, starting from the elution of VII-Select column.
Determination of FVIIa Antigen Level
FVIIa antigen level was determined using Human FVIIa ELISA kit (IMUBIND, American Diagnostica). The antigen level was calculated per each batch. However, this tool was not useful for the determination of the dose for injection, since it did not represent the amount of active product.
Clotting assay of FVIIa-Staclot® VIIa-rTF
FVIIa is derived from an intra-chain cleavage of the single-chain FVII. Native tissue factor (TF) is a cofactor of FVIIa. Upon binding to TF, FVII mediates the activation of Factor X to Xa, while itself is transformed to FVIIa. The soluble tissue factor is the extracellular part of native tissue factor. It can no longer activate FVII by auto-activation, but the FVIIa bound to tissue factor can activate FX to FXa.
The recombinant soluble tissue factor (rsTF) used in this assay utilizes the FVIIa specificity to construct a FVIIa clotting test. rsTF, in the presence of FVIIa, calcium and phospholipids leads to coagulation of plasma, without activating FVII to FVIIa.
The observed clotting time in this system has an inverse relationship with the FVIIa content in the tested sample, with no interference of FVII presence in the sample.
The assay was performed by Omri Laboratories (Nes-Ziona, Israel). FVIIa activity was evaluated for both NovoSeven® following reconstitution and FVIIa-CTP3 prior to each study. NovoSeven® activity did not correlate with the anticipated activity as reported on the vial, but the discrepancy might be due to a different approach for activity evaluation. Table 39 summarizes the FVIIa clotting activity per volume without considering the protein concentration.







TABLE 39







FVIIa clotting activity of batch products










PK study
Survival Study












FVIIa-

FVIIa-




3 * CTP

3 * CTP




(FVIIa 31)
NovoSeven ®
(FVIIa 38)
NovoSeven ®





Activity (U/ml)
1.3E+06
2.5E+05
1.3E+06
7.4E+05









Specific Activity of FVIIa-CTP3 
FVIIa specific activity (which is calculated as the activity/ml divided by protein concentration) was calculated based on A280 and is presented in Table 40. When comparing the specific activity of the two molecules, which differ in MW, compensation must be made in order to normalize the activity (i.e. because of the molecular weight difference, the number of active sites in 1 mg of NovoSeven® is 1.185-fold higher than in FVIIa-CTP3). Calculation of the conversion factor is presented in the following equation:




  
    
      
        Normalized_SA
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            
              
                SA
                ⁡
                
                  (
                  
                    FVIa
                    -
                    
                      CTP
                      3
                    
                  
                  )
                
              
              
                MW
                ·
                
                  (
                  
                    FVII
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    
                      CTP
                      3
                    
                  
                  )
                
              
            
            ×
            
              MW
              ⁡
              
                (
                Native_FVII
                )
              
            
          
          =
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            
              SA
              ⁡
              
                (
                
                  FVIIa
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    CTP
                    3
                  
                
                )
              
            
            
              53419.5
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              Da
            
          
          ×
          45079.1
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          Da
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            SA
            ⁡
            
              (
              
                FVIIa
                ⁢
                
                  -
                
                ⁢
                
                  CTP
                  3
                
              
              )
            
          
          *
          1.185
        
      
    
  











TABLE 40







FVIIa-CTP3 specific activity compared to NovoSeven ®














Specific
Fold



Prot

Activity
decrease

















Average
STDV

Extinction
conc.

U/mg
U/mg
from


Sample
A280
(n = 9)
% CV
coefficient
(mg/ml)
U/ml
protein
FVIIa
NovoSeven ®





NovoSeven ®
1.274
0.031
2.398
1.406
0.906
8.36E+05
9.23E+05
9.23E+05
1.0


FVIIa-CTP3
4.396
0.092
2.094
1.186
3.706
7.23E+05
1.95E+05
2.31E+05
4.0









FVIIa-CTP3 PK-PD Study:
Study Outline
FVIIa-CTP3 and rhFVIIa (NovoSeven®, NS) were administered in a single intravenous injection to C57B FVIII-deficient mice at a dose of 6.4E6 U/kg body weight (160,000 U/animal). Blood samples were drawn retro-orbitally from 4 mice alternately at 0.166, 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 34, 48, 58, and 72 hours post-dosing (Table 41). Citrated plasma (0.32%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis. FVIIa clotting activity level was evaluated, and a detailed PK analysis was performed. The study was performed by Omri Laboratories (Nes-Ziona, Israel).







TABLE 41







Study outline















No. of animals

Amount
Injected



Treated
Test
group/
Dose
of Units/
Vol.
Time-Points


Groups
Article
timepoint
Route
animal
(μl)
(hours post-dose)





A
rhFVIIa
4
IV
1.6e5
200
0 (Pre-dose) 0.166, 0.5, 2,








4, 8, 12, 24, 34, 48, 58, 72


B
FVIIa-
4
IV
1.6e5
200
0 (Pre-dose) 0.166, 0.5, 2,



CTP3




4, 8, 12, 24, 34, 48, 58, 72









FVIIa-CTP3 PK Profile in FVIII-deficient Mice
FVIIa activity in blood samples was quantitated using a Staclot® VIIa-rTF kit (Stago, Parsippany, N.J.). The pharmacokinetic profile was calculated for each protein and represents the mean of 4 animals at each time point. FIG. 28 presents the PK profile of FVIIa throughout the experiment. FVIIa recovery is presented in Table 43. A summary of the PK parameters is presented in Table 44.
Table 42 summarizes the clotting activity values following administration of either NovoSeven® or FVIIa-CTP3. FVIIa-CTP3 and NovoSeven® reached maximal activity half an hour post-dosing. NovoSeven®'s highest activity value reached only 43% of FVIIa-CTP3's maximal activity value. FVIIa-CTP3 clotting activity was maintained for a longer period of time, demonstrating elongated activity. Clotting activity for the NovoSeven®-treated mice was undetectable at time points later than 12 hours, while FVII-CTP3 treated mice continued to retain measurable activity at 48 hours post dosing (Table 42 and FIG. 28).
The addition of three tandem CTP copies to FVIIa elevated recovery by 100% (Table 43), as measured by the highest activity post-dosing and compared to the anticipated activity based on in vitro analysis, and increased the half-life and mean resident time (MRT) 5-fold. The exposure time (AUC) was increased 3-fold (Table 44).







TABLE 42







FVIIa clotting activity following single IV injection








Time after
Average FVIIa


administration
Clotting Activity (U/ml)









(hours)
FVIIa-CTP3
NovoSeven ®












0.16
6.8E+07
3.2E+07


0.5
9.7E+07
4.3E+07


2
2.1E+07
3.9E+06


4
7.7E+06
7.3E+05


8
2.7E+06
4.2E+04


12
3.7E+05
6.2E+03


24
2.4E+04
BLQ


34
4.6E+03
BLQ


48
1.5E+03
BLQ
















TABLE 43







FVIIa-CTP3 recovery
















Practical
*Anticipated




Treated.
Test
Amount of
administered
Cmax
Cmax
%


Groups
Article
Units/animal
dose (U/ml)
(U/ml blood)
(U/ml)
Recovery
















A
rFVIIa
1.60E+05
1.20E+06
1.40E+05
4.25E+04
30


B
FVIIa-
1.60E+05
1.29E+06
1.50E+05
9.74E+04
64.6



CTP3





*anticipated Cmax is derived from administered dose divided in blood volume













TABLE 44







PK parameters of FVIIa-CTP3 vs. NovoSeven ®











PK Parameters
NovoSeven ®
FVIIa-CTP3















Half-life-α (0.5-12 hr)
0.94
1.57



Half-life-β (12-48 hr)
NA
4.62



AUC (mU * hr/ml)
5.80E+07
1.80E+08



Vd/Kg (ml/Kg)
1408
2375



CL/Kg (ml/hr/Kg)
1034
356



MRT (hr)
1.3
6.7










Thrombin Generation Assay (TGA)
The generation of thrombin is a fundamental part of the clotting cascade and as such an estimate of how well a particular individual can generate thrombin may correlate with either a risk of bleeding or thrombosis. Commonly measured variables when analyzing thrombin generation include: the lag time, the time to peak thrombin generation, the peak, the endogenous thrombin potential [ETP] (i.e., the area under the curve and the tail), the time course of the thrombogram (“TG”). After a lag time, a burst of thrombin is observed. However, clotting occurs at the end of the lag time, when more than 95% of all thrombin has not yet formed. The thrombin generation assay was performed at Omri Laboratories, using Thrombinoscope reagents supplemented with human hemophilic plasma. TGA reflects of the clotting ability in mice plasma, derived from injection of NovoSeven® and FVIIa-CTP3. FIG. 29 presents TGA parameter values for mice plasma following administration of either FVIIa-CTP3 or NovoSeven®. Following FVIIa-CTP3 administration, all three parameters (rate of thrombin generation, maximal amount of generated thrombin and KIIa) demonstrate an advantage of FVII-CTP3 over NovoSeven® treatment. This further strengthens the notion of potential long-acting superiority of FVII-CTP3 as compared to NovoSeven®.
FVIIa-CTP3 Tail Vain Transection (TVT) Study:
Study Outline
The data obtained from the PK/PD test for FVIIa-CTP3 provided insight into the functionality of FVIIa-CTP3, and demonstrated that FVIIa-CTP3 had a pharmacokinetic advantage when compared with NovoSeven®. However, the ability of the protein to induce a clot in vivo, after a traumatic event has not yet been demonstrated. In order to evaluate the ability of FVIIa-CTP3 to stop bleeding, the same FVIII-deficient mice model was employed for a bleeding challenge.
FVIII-deficient mice were administered a single intravenous injection of FVIIa-CTP3 or NovoSeven®. The mice were dosed with drug in amounts that provided equivalent FVIIa activity (1.6E05 units, 200 μl), calculated according to the potency of each drug evaluated in the FVIIa clot activity assay (Table 45). The administered doses were 9 mg/kg of NovoSeven®, and 40 mg/kg of FVII-CTP3 due to the reduced activity of FVIIa-CTP3. A control group was injected with 200 μl vehicle.
The tail vein was transected 2.7 cm from the tail tip 15 min (injection 1), 24 hours (injection 2) or 48 hours (injection 3) post-administration, and mice survival was recorded for 24 hours.







TABLE 45







Evaluation of injected samples










NovoSeven ®
FVIIa-CTP3















protein

Specific
protein

Specific
Specific


Injection
conc.
Activity
Activity
conc.
Activity
Activity
Activity


No.
(mg/ml)
(U/ml)
(U/mg)
(mg/ml)
(U/ml)
(U/mg)
(normalized)





1
0.91
8.0E+05
8.8E+05
3.63
6.6E+05
1.8E+05
2.2E+05


2
0.92
8.3E+05
9.0E+05
3.81
7.8E+05
2.0E+05
2.4E+05


3
0.89
8.8E+05
9.9E+05
3.68
7.3E+05
2.0E+05
2.3E+05









Protein concentration was determined by A280.
Results
Data from the vehicle-injected control groups for the three injections (5 animals×3 injections), were summarized and are presented in FIG. 30. 30% survival was observed 24 hours after tail vein transection.
NovoSeven® and FVIIa-CTP3-treated mice demonstrated proper hemostatic activity after tail vein transection performed 15 min after FVIIa administration. A 100% survival rate was observed in FVIIa-CTP3 and NovoSeven® treated animals (FIG. 30).
The reduced clearance rate of FVII-CTP3 which was demonstrated in the PK/PD study is most clearly appreciated after a tail vein transection performed 24 hours post-administration. A decline in the survival rate of NovoSeven® is observed. Similar to the control group, 50% death is observed within 10 hours. Meanwhile, 90% of FVIIa-CTP3 treated mice survived (FIG. 30). This result emphasizes the long-lasting efficacy of the FVIIa-CTP3 treatment.
48 hours after administration, a decline in survival rate is demonstrated in groups treated with either FVIIa-CTP3 or NovoSeven® (FIG. 30C). A slight improvement in FVIIa-CTP mice was observed, but the difference did not reach statistical significance.
Discussion:
CTP fusion to recombinant proteins extends the circulatory half-life of proteins while maintaining comparable activity. While the mechanism behind the reduced clearance of protein above a threshold size of 70 KDa is well understood with respect to renal clearance, additional protection is achieved following CTP fusion. CTP fusion is believed to sweep around the protein shield and protect it from proteolytic cleavage, to increase its radial molecular weight due to the highly negative charge and to reduce its affinity to hepatic clearance receptors.
The present study was aimed to provide specific insight on the impact of CTP fusion to FVII on protein half-life and clearance and also address the paradigm of its specific activity following this modification. FVIII-deficient mice were administered with a single IV injection of FVIIa-CTP3 or recombinant commercial FVIIa (NovoSeven®) at similar dose (unit based) and a PK activity-based analysis was performed. FVIIa-CTP3 demonstrated a superior longevity as reflected by 5- and 3.5-fold increase in its half-life and AUC, respectively. The specific activity (U/mg) of FVIIa-CTP as calculated by the Staclot® activity kit divided by the protein concentration measured by A280 was shown to be 4-5 times lower than the specific activity of NovoSeven®.
To build on the understanding of how CTP affects the haemostatic effects of FVIIa in vivo, the ability of FVIIa-CTP3 to reduce bleeding was investigated. In the tail vein transection bleeding model in hemophilic mice model, rFVIIa administration can improve the survival rate of challenged animals and avoid their bleeding to death. In the study described herein, animals were administered with FVIIa-CTP3 or NovoSeven®. Both molecules were able to maintain homeostasis when the transection was performed 0.25 hours post-dosing. A significantly prolonged duration of activity was demonstrated for the FVIIa-CTP3-treated group when the tail transection was performed 24 hr post dosing. The vehicle-treated group's survival rate was higher than anticipated and higher than that obtained in previous studies (50% vs. 20% in previous studies, data not shown). The percent survival of treated animals at is further evaluated at earlier time points, including at 36 hr post dosing.
In conclusion, it was demonstrated that FVIIa-CTP3 has an increased duration of activity in hemophilic mice which translates into a longer duration of haemostatic effect when compared to NovoSeven®. The data gathered suggest that fusion of CTP to FVII is a technology with the potential to significantly improve prophylactic treatment in patients with hemophilia.
Example 7
Comparative Assessment of Purified FVII-CTP3 vs. FVII-CTP5 Profile Following Single IV or SC Injection to SD Rats
Study Objective
Two studies were carried out:
The first study objective was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of rFVII-CTP3 versus rFVII-CTP5 following FVII select- and HA-column purification in male Spargue Dawley rats, after a single intravenous administration of 50 μg/animal.
In the second study, rFVII-CTP3-HA versus rFVII-CTP5-HA pharmacokinetic parameters, were examined in male Spargue Dawley rats following a single intravenous or subcutaneous administration of 100 μg/animal.
Results
Determination of FVII-CTP 3 and FVII-CTP 5 Antigen Level
FVII antigen level was determined using Human FVII ELISA kit (Zymotest HyPhen) (Table 46). T







TABLE 46







Summarizes the calculated protein concentration


which is the average of three independent runs.









FVII 5 CTP











FVII 3 CTP

FVII HA 5












FVIIS 46 el.
FVII HA 46 el.
FVIIS el.
100% B



Conc. Dial
Conc. Dial
Conc. Dial
Conc. Dial





AVE (ng\ml)
3.78E+06
1.59E+06
1.88E+06
7.92E+05


SD
1.30E+06
6.03E+05
7.15E+05
3.57E+05


CV (%)
3.43E+01
3.80E+01
3.80E+01
4.51E+01









Western Blot Analysis of the Examined Samples

FVII-CTP3, 5 samples were loaded on 4-12% bisTrisgel (NuPage, invitrogene) using Precision plus dual color protein marker (Bio-Rad). The SDS-PAGE analysis was performed by western immune-blot using polyclonal anti FVII Ab (R&D systems), anti CTP polyclonal Ab (Adar biotech production) or anti Gla Ab (American diagnostica). In summary, FVII fused to three and five CTP migrated at 80 and 100 kDa, respectively (see FIG. 31).
Comparative Assessment of FVII In Vitro Potency
FVII activity assay, which was performed in Sheba medical center, the national coagulation center, is a PT based assay using immunoabsorbed plasma deficient in factor VII (Siemens). The PT reagent is innovin and the assay is performed in the Sysmex CA 1500 instrument. FVII normal range is within 55-145%. Sample activities are summarized in Table 47.







TABLE 47







Sample activity












Concentration
Concentration





(mg/ml)
in tested

Average-



according to
sample
Results
% of


Sample
(NANODROP)
(μg/ml)
(%)
plasma














FVII-5 CTP
2.19
2
87
16%


FVIIS el.

1
30



Conc. Dial

0.5
10



FVII-5 CTP HA 5
1
2
97
21%


100% B

1
36



conc. Dial

0.5
13



FVIIS 46 el.
3.17
2
100
18%


Conc. Dial

1
35





0.5
12



FVII HA 46 el.
1.5
2
92
20%


Conc. Dial (1)

1
33





0.5
10









The normal level of circulating FVII in the body is around 0.5 μg/ml. Both, FVII-CTP3 and FVII-CTP5 exhibit about 5 fold reductions in their coagulation activity versus normal human pool plasma.
Pharmacokinetic Study
Two pharmacokinetic studies were performed in order to determine the FVII-CTP3 and FVII-CTP5 (after FVII select and FVII HA column) pharmacokinetics (PK) profile and parameters. In the first study, FVII-CTP3, and FVII-CTP5 following FVII select/HA purification were administered in a single intravenous injection to Spargue Dawley rats (six rats per substance) in a dose of 50 μg/rat.
Blood samples were drawn retro-orbital from 3 rats alternately at 0.083, 0.5 2, 5, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours post dosing. Citrated plasma (0.38%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20 until analysis.
In the second study, only samples after HA column were tested. These samples were administered in a single intravenous or subcutaneous injection to Spargue Dawley rats (six rats per substance) using a dose of 100 μg/rat. Blood samples were collected at the same time points and conditions as at the first study above.







TABLE 48







First study design (FVII select vs. FVII HA).
















No. of

Dose Level
Injected




Treated

animals/
Dose
(μg per
Vol.
Conc.
Time-Points


Groups
Test Article
group/
Route
animal)
(μl)
(μg/ml)
(hours post-dose)





A
FVII-CTP * 3
6
IV
50
200
250
0 (Pre-dose)



batch 46 HA





0.083 0.5, 2, 5, 8,









24, 48, 72, 96, 120


B
FVII-CTP * 3
6
IV
50
200
250
0 (Pre-dose)



batch 46





0.083 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



FVIIS





24, 48, 72, 96, 120


C
FVII-
6
IV
50
200
250
0 (Pre-dose)



CTP * 5 





0.083 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



batch 5 HA





24, 48, 72, 96, 120


D
FVII-CTP * 5
6
IV
50
200
250
0 (Pre-dose)



batch 5





0.083 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



FVIIS





24, 48, 72, 96, 120
















TABLE 49







Second study design (IV vs. SC)
















No. of

Dose Level
Injected




Treated

animals/
Dose
(μg per
Vol.
Conc.
Time-Points


Groups
Test Article
group/
Route
animal)
(μl)
(μg/ml)
(hours post-dose)





A
FVII-
6
IV
100
200
500
0 (Pre-dose)



CTP * 3





0.083 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



batch 46 HA





24, 48, 72, 96, 120


B
FVII-
6
SC
100
200
500
0 (Pre-dose)



CTP * 3





0.083 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



batch 46 HA





24, 48, 72, 96, 120


C
FVII-
6
IV
100
200
500
0 (Pre-dose)



CTP * 5 





0.083 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



batch 5 HA





24, 48, 72, 96, 120


D
FVII-
6
SC
100
200
500
0 (Pre-dose)



CTP * 5





0.083 0.5, 2, 5, 8,



batch 5 HA





24, 48, 72, 96, 120









The main differences between these two studies are the dosages and the route of administration. In the first study, rats were injected IV with 50 μg\rat, while in the second study, the rats were injected IV or SC with 100 μg\rat (total 500 μg/kg; rats weigh 200 g). The increase in the dosage is due to the change in the type of administration; SC administration requires higher amounts to achieve effects similar to IV administration.
Analysis of PK Study
FVII concentration in plasma samples were quantified using human FVII Elisa kits (zymutest FVII-Biophen). Pharmacokinetic profiles were calculated and reflect the mean for 3 animals at each time point. Terminal half-live values were calculated using PK solutions 2.0 software. The table below summarizes the calculated FVII concentrations at the different sampling time points. PK profile and a summary of the PK parameters are presented in table below.







TABLE 50







First pharmacokinetic study


(FVII select vs. FVII HA) - FVII concentrations (ng\ml).












FVII CTP * 3
FVII CTP * 3
FVII CTP * 5
FVII CTP * 5


Time
BATCH 46
BATCH 46
BATCH 5
BATCH 5


(hour)
HA
FVII S
HA
FVII S














0.083
1816.3
1633.9
2064.3
1853.5


0.5
1523.7
1409.9
1351.4
1418.0


2
1284.9
1041.7
1389.7
834.4


5
607.9
531.6
722.7
737.2


8
524.2
430.0
712.2
614.6


24
115.5
132.9
272.5
201.8


48
21.1
31.6
62.3
90.4


72
9.5
15.8
29.1
31.8


96
BLQ
5.8
7.0
16.9


120
BLQ
BLQ
8.5
13.4
















TABLE 51







Second pharmacokinetic study (IV vs. SC) - FVII concentrations (ng\ml).














FVII




FVII CTP * 3
FVII CTP * 5
CTP * 3
FVII CTP * 5


Time
BATCH 46
BATCH 5
BATCH 46
BATCH 5


(hour)
HA-IV
HA-IV
HA-SC
HA-SC














0.083
6452.6
6153.3
5.0
BLQ


0.5
3930.7
3660.6
14.5
14.6


2
1992.3
2176.2
113.6
96.2


5
1598.9
2087.3
106.6
70.5


8
781.6
1075.6
188.9
129.7


24
268.5
627.2
155.0
239.2


48
51.9
143.3
43.0
88.6


72
8.8
39.0
7.0
36.7


96
BLQ
10.8
BLQ
10.4


120
BLQ
8.2
BLQ
8.7
















TABLE 52







PK Analysis - first pharmacokinetic study (FVII S vs. HA).












FVII
FVII
FVII
FVII



CTP * 3
CTP * 3
CTP * 5
CTP * 5



BATCH 46
BATCH 46
BATCH 5
BATCH 5



HA
FVII S
HA
FVII S














half-life (0.083-8 hr)
4.3
4.0
5.51
5.59


(hr)






half-life
11.1
12.1
16.46
20.29


(8-72\96\120 hr)






(hr)






half-life (8-72) (hr)
11.1
13.4
13.62
15.64


AUC (O-t)
14566.9
13686.4
21812.7
19307.9


(obs area)






(8-72/96/120 hr)






AUC (∞) area
14718.2
13788.1
22013.9
19701


(8-72/96/120 hr)






Vd (area)/kg (ml/kg)
271.1
316.1
269.7
371.5


(8-2/96/120 hr)






CL (area)/kg
17.0
18.1
11.356
12.69


(ml/hr/kg)






(8-72/96/120 hr)









The addition of five CTP elongated FVII half-life compared to 3 CTPs. Both forms of 5 CTP (i.e FVIIS and FVII HA) were detected at the long time points (96 and 120 hr), while FVII-3 CTP HA and FVIIS-3 CTP were detected until 72 hr and 96 hr, respectively. Based on this fact, the half-life of FVII-5 CTPs is longer than 3CTPs variants (see FIG. 32). Comparing half-life of all examined materials (3 and 5 CTPs) at the same time points (8-72 hr) showed that the half-life are similar, although 5 CTP are quite longer (FIG. 32).







TABLE 53







PK analysis - second pharmacokinetic study - (IV vs. SC).














FVII CTP * 3
FVII CTP * 5
FVII CTP * 3
FVII CTP * 5





BATCH 46
BATCH 5
BATCH 46
BATCH 5
Bioviability
Bioviability



HA-IV
HA-IV
HA-SC
HA-SC
CTP * 3
CTP * 5
















half-life
3.0
3.9
−1.8
−3.18




(0.083-8 hr) (hr)








half-life
9.9
14.6
13.14
22.94




(8-72/96/120 hr)








(hr)








half-life
9.9
13.0
13.14
29.47




(8-72) (hr)








AUC(O-t)(obs
28866.8
43761.0
6600
9822.7
22.9
22.4


area)(8-72/96/








120 hr)








AUC (∞)
28993.0
43934.4
6733
10110.8
23.22
23.01


area(8-72/96/








120 hr)








Vd(area)/kg
246.4
240.5
1407.6
1636.8




(ml/kg)(8-72/








96/120 hr)








CL(area)/kg(ml/
17.2
11.4
74.261
49.452




hr/kg) (8-72/96/








120 hr)









Again, as observed in the first study, the addition of 5 CTPs elongated FVII half-life as compared to adding 3 CTP, both in the initial and terminal half-life and in both administration ways (IV and SC, see FIG. 33). As expected, following SC administration, FVII was first detected in the blood at a later time point as compared to when it was administered IV.
In the above, two PK studies were summarized. The main purpose of the first study was to check the difference between FVII-3CTP and FVII-5 CTP after 2 different columns: FVII select and FVII HA. In our previous studies, harvest vs. purified proteins were checked and it was found that the difference between 3 and 5 CTP versions of FVII was greater when harvest was injected to the rats.
There was no significant difference between the results of FVII 3\5 CTP after both columns, hence it was decided to inject FVII HA 3\5 CTP in the second study (IV vs. SC).
Example 8
FVIIa-CTP3 (MOD-5014) Survival Study in FVIII Deficient Mice Following Subcutaneous Injection
Study Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of NovoSeven®, MOD-5014 (FVIIA-CTP3) and MOD-5019 (FVIIA-CTP5) in a tail vein transection study, following subcutaneous administration.
FVIIa-CTP3(MOD-5014) and FVIIa-CTP5(MOD 5019) Analytical Properties:
Protein Determination by A280
Theoretical extinction coefficient of NovoSeven® was calculated using ProtParam algorithm (http://web.expasy.org/protparam). The calculation is based on amino acid sequence. The calculated extinction coefficient for NovoSeven® is 1.406, and for MOD-5019 is 1.075 (values represent the absorbance of 1 g/L at 280 nm). Extinction coefficient of MOD-5014 was determined by amino acid analysis at Mscan. The extinction coefficients for MOD-5014 is 1.27.
Clotting Assay of FVIIa-STACLOT VIIa-rTF
FVIIa is derived from intra-chain cleavage of the single-chain FVII. Native tissue factor (TF) is a cofactor of FVIIa, upon binding to TF, FVII mediates the activation of Factor X to Xa, while itself is transformed to FVIIa. The soluble tissue factor is the extra cellular part of native tissue factor. It can no longer activate FVII by auto activation, but the FVIIa bound to tissue factor can activate FX to FXa.
The recombinant soluble tissue factor (rsTF) used in this assay is utilizing the FVIIa specificity to construct a FVIIa clotting test. Recombinant soluble tissue factor (rsTF), in the presence of FVIIa, calcium and phospholipids, produces coagulation of plasma without activating FVII to FVIIa.
The observed clotting time in this system has an inverse relationship with the FVIIa content in the tested sample, with no interference of FVII presence in the sample.
FVIIa activity was evaluated for reconstituted NovoSeven®, and for MOD-5014 and MOD-5019 prior to each study.
FVIIa specific activity (which is calculated as the activity/ml divided by protein concentration) was calculated based on A280 and is presented in Table 54. When comparing specific activity of the two molecules, which differ in molecular weight, compensation must be made in order to normalize the activity (i.e. because of the molecular weight difference, the number of active sites in 1 mg of NovoSeven® is 1.185 fold higher than in MOD-5014 and 1.307 fold higher than MOD-5019). Hence, calculation of the conversion factor is presented in the following formula:




  
    
      
        Normalized_SA
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            
              
                SA
                ⁡
                
                  (
                  
                    FVIa
                    -
                    
                      CTP
                      3
                    
                  
                  )
                
              
              
                MW
                ·
                
                  (
                  Native_FVII
                  )
                
              
            
            ×
            
              MW
              ⁡
              
                (
                
                  FVII
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    CTP
                    3
                  
                
                )
              
            
          
          =
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            
              SA
              ⁡
              
                (
                
                  FVIIa
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    CTP
                    3
                  
                
                )
              
            
            
              45079.1
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              Da
            
          
          ×
          53419.5
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          Da
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            SA
            ⁡
            
              (
              
                FVIIa
                ⁢
                
                  -
                
                ⁢
                
                  CTP
                  3
                
              
              )
            
          
          *
          1.185
        
      
    
  











TABLE 54







MOD-5014 Specific activity compared to NovoSeven ®











Protein
Specific
Fold



conc. By
Activity
decrease from


Sample
A280 (mg/ml)
(U/mg FVIIa)
® NovoSeven













® NovoSeven
0.93
52,487
1.0


MOD-5014 batch 73
1.4
25,490
2.05


MOD-5019 batch 9
3.0
11,698
4.48









Study Outline

The most significant measurement is the ability of the protein to induce a clot in vivo, after a traumatic event. In order to evaluate the ability of MOD-5014 to stop bleeding, the same FVIII deficient mice model was employed for a bleeding challenge.
FVIII deficient mice were administrated with a single subcutaneous injection of MOD-5014, MOD-5019 or NovoSeven®. Group A and B were dosed with NovoSeven® and MOD-5014 respectively, in equivalent amounts as FVIIa activity. Group C was dosed with MOD-5019 in equivalent amount FVIIa protein as MOD-5014, in order to evaluate the critical factor (activity or amount of protein). The administrated doses were 4.2 mg/kg of NovoSeven®, and 8.6 mg/kg of MOD-5014 and MOD-5019. The tail vein was transected 2.7 cm from tail tip 12 hours post administration, and mice survival was recorded for 24 hours.







TABLE 55







Group designation 
















Administered








Dose
Injected 
No. of
Bleeding















Injection

mg

Volume
mice per
time, hours


Group
date
Test Article
FVII/Kg
mU/Kg
(μl)
group
post dosing





A
13 Jan. 13
® NovoSeven
4.23
221,876
100
10
12


B
15 Jan. 13
MOD-5014, batch 73
8.59
218,750
160
10
12


C
27 Jan. 13
MOD-5019, batch 9
8.59
100,496
160
10
12









Results
The experiment data is summarized in Table 56- and in FIG. 34.







TABLE 56







TVT study results









Time




post
No. of surviving mice
% survival













TVT
Novo-
MOD-
MOD-
Novo-
MOD-
MOD-


(h) 
Seven ®
5014
5019
Seven ® ®
5014
5019
















 0
9
10
10
100
100
100


 1
9
10
10
100
100
100


 2
9
10
10
100
100
100


 3
8
10
8
89
100
80


 4
6
9 
8
67
90
80


 5
5
9 
7
56
90
70


 6
4
8 
5
44
80
50


 7
3
8 
5
33
80
50


 8
2
7
5
22
70
50


 9
1
6 
5
11
60
50


10 
1
5
5
11
50
50


11 
1
3 
5
11
30
50


12 
1
3
5
11
30
50


24 
1
3
4
11
30
40









24 hours post TVT, only 11% of NovoSeven® injected mice have survived. 30% of MOD-5014 and 40% of MOD-5019 have survived to this time point. Surprisingly, subcutaneously injected MOD-5014 and MOD-5019 shows improved mice survival in comparison to NovoSeven®.
Factor VIIa, like other coagulation factors, is normally injected intravenously, in order to be directly available in the blood stream. However, the present invention shows that the compositions provided herein are surprisingly more effectively absorbed into the bloodstream after SC administration. To be able to administer FVIIa subcutaneously serves as an advantage as it can be used for prophylactic applications. Subcutaneous injections are also much easier for patients to self-inject, and are advantage when the patients are very young and their veins are small and difficult to find.
Hence, the subcutaneous application can be used for prophylactic treatment.
Example 9
Comparative PK-PD Study of Recombinant Mod-5014 Vs. NovoSeven® Following Subcutaneous Administration in SD Rats
Study Objectives
To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of MOD-5014 versus commercial rFVIIa in SD rats following a single SC administration.
To compare two independent experiments (05010 & 05034) containing MOD-5014 products originated from two different clones (clone no. 28 vs. 61) by their pharmacokinetics parameters.
Experimental Methods
Animals
24 males SD rats arrived from Harlan Laboratories Israel, Ltd, at least 4 days before the injections begin. The animals were healthy young adults, at  ̃200 gr at study initiation. The body weight variation of animals at the time of treatment initiation should not exceed ±20% of the mean weight of each sex. The health status of the animals used in this study is examined on arrival. Only animals in good health are acclimatized to laboratory conditions and are used in the study.
Clotting assay of FVIIa—STACLOT VIIa-Rtf
The recombinant soluble tissue factor (rsTF) used in this assay is utilizing the FVIIa specificity to construct a FVIIa clotting test. rsTF, In the presence of FVIIa, calcium and phospholipids produce coagulation of plasma, without activating FVII to FVIIa.
The observed clotting time in this system has an inverse relationship with the FVIIa content in the tested sample, with no interference of FVII presence in the sample.
FVIIa activity was evaluated for both NovoSeven® following reconstitution and MOD-5014 prior to each study. FVIIa specific activity was calculated based on A280. When comparing specific activity of the two molecules, which differ in MW, compensation must be made in order to normalize the activity (i.e. because of the molecular weight difference, the number of active sites in 1 mg of NovoSeven® is 1.185 fold higher than in MOD-5014).
PK Solver Software
The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using PK solver software. The IV administration curve analyzed as two compartmental CA bolus, and the SC administration as NCA Extravascular—Log linear trapezoidal analysis. Half-life, AUC, clearance and volume distribution specifications were calculated and the output parameters were studied in comparison between groups of experiments.
Experimental Materials
Experiment No. 05010:

    
    
        C. NovoSeven® RT: (Lot # AU61553 prepared on 31.7.12*) FVIIa concentration by A280: 0.86 mg/ml. FVIIa Staclot activity assay: 56,867 U/mg. Injected dose: 946 μg/kg. *Pool of NovoSeven® aliquots, all from the same Lot no.
        D. Clone 28: MOD-5014 RS12-001: 0.77 mg/ml** based on A280. FVIIa Staclot activity assay: 34,162 U/mg. Injected dose: 850 μg FVIIa/kg.
    
    


Experiment No. 05034:

    
    
        E. NovoSeven® RT: (Lot #AU61347 prepared on 1.1.13) FVIIa concentration by A280: 0.82 mg/ml, diluted to 0.4 mg/ml with sterile NS buffer. FVIIa Staclot activity assay: 55,688 U/mg. Injected dose: 360 μg/kg and 20,047.7 U/kg.
        F. Clone 61: MOD-5014 Batch 75: 1.9 mg/ml** based on A280, diluted to 0.89 mg/ml with formulation buffer. Injected dose: 20,047.7 U/kg. FVIIa clotting activity: 25,002* U/mg based on FVIIa Staclot activity assay.
        G. Clone 61: MOD-5014 Batch 81A: 2.36 mg/ml based on A280 (filtered on the morning of study day and re-measured at 280 nm), diluted to 0.4 mg/ml with formulation buffer. Injected dose: 360 μgFVIIa/kg. FVIIa clotting activity: 24943 U/mg based on FVIIa Staclot activity assay.
        H. Clone 61: MOD-5014 Batch 81A: 2.36 mg/ml based on A280, diluted to 0.89 mg/ml with formulation buffer. Injected dose: 20,047.7 U/kg. FVIIa clotting activity: 24,943 U/mg based on FVIIa Staclot activity assay.
    
    


Study Outlines
Experiment No. 05010
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® were administered in a single intravenous or subcutaneous injection to SD Rats in a dose of 0.9 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn from sinus orbital eye from 3 rats alternately at 0.5, 4, 8, 12, 24, 34, 48 and 58 hours post dosing. Citrated plasma (0.32%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° c. until analysis. The study was performed at “Science in Action,” Nes-Ziona. FVIIa clotting activity level was evaluated and detailed PK analysis was performed at Prolor-Biotech.







TABLE 57







Study design 05010


















No. of










animals/


Dose

Time-




No. of
group/


Level
Injected
Points


Treated
Test
animals/
Time
Dose

(μg/
Vol.
hours


Groups
Article
group
point
Route
Gender
kg)
(μl)
post-dose)





A
rFVIIa
6
3
IV
M
946
220
0, 0.5, 4, 8,



(NovoSeven ®)






12, 24, 34,










48, 58


B
rFVIIa
6
3
IV
M
850
220
0, 0.5, 4, 8,



RS12-001






12, 24, 34,



(clone 28)






48, 58


C
rFVIIa
6
3
SC
M
946
220
0, 0.5, 4, 8,



(NovoSeven ®)






12, 24, 34,










48, 58


D
rFVIIa
6
3
SC
M
850
220
0, 0.5, 4, 8,



RS12-001






12, 24, 34,



(clone 28)






48, 58









Experiment No. 05034
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® were administered in a single subcutaneous injection to SD Rats in a dose of 0.9 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn from sinus orbital eye from 3 rats alternately at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 34, 48 and 72 hours post dosing. Citrated plasma (0.32%) was prepared immediately after sampling and stored at −20° C. until analysis. The study was performed at “Science in Action,” Nes-Ziona.
FVIIa clotting activity level was evaluated and detailed PK analysis was performed at Prolor-Biotech.







TABLE 58







Study design 05034

















No. of


Dose
Dose






animals/


Level
Level

Time-




group/


per
per
Injected
Points


Treated.
Test
Time-
Dose

Animal
Animal
Vol.
hours


Groups
Article
point***
Route
Gender
(μg/kg)
(U/kg)
(μl)
post-dose)


















A
FVIIa
3
SC
M
360
20047.7
207
0, 0.5, 2, 4,



(Novo-






6, 8, 12, 24,



Seven ®)






34, 48, 72


B
FVIIa
3
SC
M
801.84
20047.7
207
0, 0.5, 2, 4,



75






6, 8, 12, 24,



(clone 61)






34, 48, 72


C
FVIIa
3
SC
M
360
8979.48
207
0, 0.5, 2, 4,



81A






6, 8, 12, 24,



(clone 61)






34, 48, 72


D
FVIIa
3
SC
M
803.74
20047.7
207
0, 0.5, 2, 4,



81A






6, 8, 12, 24,



(clone 61)






34, 48, 72









Results
FVIIa activity in blood samples was quantitated using STACLOT VIIa-rTF kit (Stago). Pharmacokinetic profile was calculated for each protein and is the mean of 3 animals at each time point.
Experiment No. 05010
FIG. 35 presents the PK profile of FVIIa following IV and SC administration of either NovoSeven® or MOD-5014. Summary of FVIIa activity values for each time point is presented in Table 59. IV and SC administration have different PK pattern as presented in FIG. 35 similar to previous results. The Cmax following IV injection is higher than that obtained after SC injection, due to the presence of the drug immediately following administration in the blood (measured at 0.5 hr, Table 59 and Table 60). However, after SC administration drug molecules transfer to intracellular matrix and tissues, thus Cmax can be measured only after 2 hr from injection. The total recovery of the drug after SC administration is lower than Cmax value after IV injection.
8 hr after injection, Novoseven® manifested an equal PK pattern when injected by either IV or SC, (FIG. 35). Moreover, clotting activity for the NovoSeven®-treated mice was undetectable at time points later than 12 hours, while MOD-5014-treated mice continued to retain measurable activity at 58 hours post dosing (Table 59 and FIG. 35).







TABLE 59







FVIIa clotting activity of MOD-5014 vs. 


NovoSeven ® following IV or SC administration











Time
NovoSeven ® IV (A)
MOD-5014 IV (B)
NovoSeven ® SC (C)
MOD-5014 SC (D)















(hr)
mU/ml
% CV
mU/ml
% CV
mU/ml
% CV
mU/ml
% CV


















0.5
304651.7
18.7
232818.3
5.0
11491.7
2.4
3 691.7
19.0


4
40068.3
7.8
62085.0
9.5
21385.0
22.6
12018.3
15.8


8
5276.7
2.5
25931.7
6.1
5525.0
32.5
6445.0
2.2


12
255.0
13.8
5633.3
9.3
297.7
41.4
924.7
24.1


24
1.3
7.1
251.3
11.8
1.3
89.2
249.3
60.3


34
0.0

78.3
4.5
0.0

63.7
85.5


48


29.0
9.9
0.0

35.0
47.2


58


10.3
4.6
0.0

13.7
33.5





After background reduction: 15 mU/ml.













TABLE 60





PK parameters of MOD-5014 vs. NovoSeven ®


following IV or SC administration







C. IV












Novoseven
MOD-5014



PK Parameters
RT (A)
(RS 12-001) (B)







Half-life-α (0.5-4 hr)
0.24
1.04



Half-life-β (4-58 hr)
1.31
3.17



AUC o-inf mU/ml * h
702467.95
820778.67



Vss [U/Kg/(mU/ml)]
0.13
0.13



CL [(U/Kg)/(mU/ml)/h]
0.08
0.04



MRT (hr)
1.74
3.62











D. SC












Novoseven
MOD-5014



PK Parameters
RT (B)
(RS 12-001) (C)







Half-Life (hr)
1.40
7.78



Cmax (mU/ml)
21385.00
12018.33



AUC 0-inf (mU/ml * h)
115099.72
84158.87



MRT 0-inf (hr)
4.32
7.04



Vz/F (U/Kg)/(mU/ml)
0.95
3.88



Cl/F (U/Kg)/(mU/ml)/h
0.47
0.35










Experiment No. 05034
FIG. 36 presents the PK profile of FVII a following SC administration of either NovoSeven® or MOD-5017. Two different batches of clone no. 61 (#75 and #81) were examined in the same concentration or the same activity units, compared to NovoSeven®. Summary of FVIIa activity values for each time point is presented in Table 61.
The results indicate a similar PK pattern after SC administration corresponding to previous experiments. Moreover, clotting activity for the NovoSeven® treated mice was undetectable at time points later than 12 hours, while MOD-5014 treated mice continued to retain measurable activity at 24 hours post dosing (Table 61 and FIG. 36; and after background reduction: 56 mU/ml (8, 12 hr) or 32 mU/ml (0.5, 2, 6, 14 hr)).
Clone no. 61 batch #81 (D) Cmax (1,301 mU/ml) was lower than the Cmax values of clone no. 61 batch #75 (B) and NovoSeven® (A) (3,521 mU/ml and 5,908 mU/ml respectively), although they were all injected by the same unit activity (Table 61). However, batch #75 (B) and #81 (D) have the same activity units (559 mU/ml and 478 mU/ml respectively) measured 8 hr after injection (Table 61 and Table 62; and after background reduction: 56 mU/ml (8, 12 hr) or 32 mU/ml (0.5, 2, 6, 14 hr)).







TABLE 61







FVIIa clotting activity of MOD-5014


(Clone 61 #75, #81) vs.


NovoSeven ® following single SC administration.













MOD-5014
MOD-5014
MOD-5014




Clone 61
Clone 61
Clone 61




Batch 75
Batch 81A 
Batch 81A



NovoSeven ®
(B) - equal
(C) - equal 
(D) - equal



(A)
U/kg
conc. FVIIa μg/kg
U/kg















Time
mU/
%
mU/
%
mU/
%
mU/
%


(hr)
ml
CV
ml
CV
ml
CV
ml
CV


















0.5
3271.3
46.5
350.3
26.6
101.3
24.1
208.7
51.2


2
5908.0
18.1
3521.3
70.9
1294.7
 7.0
1301.3
31.6


6
1411.7
23.6
1349.7
45.6
425.3
27.6
663.0
13.4


8
1029.0
12.4
559.3
52.7
152.7
19.5
478.0
25.4


12
121.3
 9.9
563.0
17.4
148.7
36.3
712.7
16.2


24
1.0
25.0
117.0
41.9
21.3
36.4
99.0
36.7





After background reduction: 56 mU/ml (8, 12 hr) or 32 mU/ml (0.5, 2, 6, 14 hr)













TABLE 62







PK parameters of MOD-5014 (Clone 61 #75, #81)


vs. NovoSeven ® following single SC administration.














MOD-5014
MOD-5014




MOD-5014
Clone 61
Clone 61




Clone 61 Batch
Batch 81A
Batch 81A


PK
NovoSeven ®
75 (B) - equal
(C) - equal
(D) - equal


Parameters
RT (A)
U/kg
conc. FVIIa μg/kg
U/kg














Half-Life (hr)
1.67
5.70
4.62
6.41


Cmax (mU/ml)
5908.00
3521.33
1294.67
1301.33


AUC 0-inf
24688.18
20456.96
6260.23
13098.16


(mU/ml * h)






MRT 0-inf (hr)
3.73
7.86
6.40
10.59


Vz/F
1.96
8.06
9.55
14.15


(U/Kg)/(mU/ml)






Cl/F
0.81
0.98
1.43
1.53


(U/Kg)/(mU/ml)/h









This report summarized two PK studies; 05010 & 05034. The results provide specific insight on the impact of CTP fusion to FVII on protein half-life and clearance in subcutaneous administration and address the paradigm of its specific activity following this modification. In these studies, SD rats were administered with a single SC injection of MOD-5014 originated from two clones, and two different batches, compared to recombinant commercial FVIIa (NovoSeven®). The components were injected at similar FVIIa concentration (μg/Kg) or at the same activity level (U/Kg) and the PK activity based analysis was performed.
The purpose of the first study was to verify the different PK parameters after IV and SC administration. Based on this study we can conclude that there is a difference between the PK pattern measured after IV or SC administration. A t1/2 of 7.78 hr measured after MOD-5014 SC injection, and only 4.2 hr after IV injection. AUC values were the same Table 60.
The second study however, focused on the differences between two batches of MOD-5014 clone no. 61, which were injected by the same FVIIa concentration or at an equal activity unit, compared to NovoSeven®. In this study we showed that clone 61 batch #75 manifested better PK parameters than batch #81. Batch #81, which was injected by the same unit activity level, had lower Cmax from an unknown reason. Moreover, the same Cmax was measured when injecting clone 61 batch #81 in two different doses (by FVIIa concentration or by unit activity), instead of 2.5 fold between the two activity values. Following analysis of both studies together, we can conclude that clone 28 manifested a prolonged t1/2 parameter that clone 61 #75 (the better batch) after SC injection (7.78 hr and 5.7 hr respectively, Table 62). The results show that dissimilar time point samples create different PK pattern, which lead to variation in the PK curves. The patterns of the curves can teach us more about the drug behavior in the blood. Therefore, we decided to determine the time points similar to those detected by Baxter (0, 0.5, 2, 6, 8, 12, 24, 34, 48, 72 hr). Moreover, the FVIIa concentration in 05010 experiment was too high, and was revised in the following SC experiment (05034). For future PK studies, we decided to inject the component at 360 μg FVIIa/kg for a dose.
Example 10
Warfarin Treated Rats as a Model for Evaluating Factor VIIa In Vivo
Materials & Methods
PT Assessment: SD rats were given orally 10 mg/Kg of Warfarin and at a designated time point plasma was collected and prothrombin time (PT) was measured using a standard procedure. In order to assess the long term hemostatic effect Placebo, NovoSeven® or MOD-5014 were injected to the Warfarin treated animals and PT was measured.
Tail Clip Challenge: Warfarin treated animals were injected with Placebo, NovoSeven® or MOD-5014 at designated time points the animals were challenged by complete cut of the tail tip (0.5 cm from the tip) and bleeding intensity was measured in gr for 30 min post transection.
Results
Warfarin Administration to SD-Rats Results in a Prolongation of PT and aPTT
Warfarin prevent the reduction of vitamin K, and consequently decreases vitamin K dependent coagulation factors concentration in the blood. Male SD rats received oral treatment of warfarin. The reduction of Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors was accompanied by prolongation of PT and aPTT. Results are presented in FIG. 37.
Due to coagulation-factors wash out from the blood, PT and aPTT values increase gradually in the first 48 hours following warfarin administration. The effect decreases after that.
Warfarin Effect can be Restored by Acute IV Treatment with NovoSeven® or MOD-5014.
SD-rats received a pre-treatment of Warfarin. 24 hours later, MOD-5014, NovoSeven® or buffer were injected intravenous blood samples were drawn 15 minutes post injection. 15 min post injection, MOD-5014 as well as NovoSeven® successfully restored PT values to normal (FIG. 38).
The Effect of Increasing Dose of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® on PT Values in Warfarin Treated Rats.
SD-rats were treated with 10 mg/Kg warfarin in parallel to 100-1000 μg/Kg MOD-5014 or NoveSeven IV injection. 24 hours post treatment, PT was determined in plasma samples. NovoSeven® injected 24 hours before PT determination, did not have any significant effect on PT values in all the doses tested. In contrast, MOD-5014 shows a dose-response behavior 24 hours after administration (FIG. 39).
SD-rats were treated with 10 mg/Kg warfarin in parallel to 1000 μg/Kg MOD-5014 or NoveSeven IV injection. PT was determined in plasma samples 10, 24, 36 and 48 hours post treatment. MOD-5014 restored PT values to normal up to 48 hours post dosing, while the effect of NovoSeven® no longer exists after 24 hours (FIG. 40).
MOD-5014's Long Lasting Effect can be Demonstrated by Tail Clip Assay in Warfarin Injected Rats
SD-rats were treated with Warfarin 24 hours before tail clip. Rats were anesthetized and placed on a warm pad, the tail tip was placed in 37° C. saline and a complete amputation of the tail was performed 0.5 cm from tail tip. Blood was collected for 30 minutes and blood loss was determined by weight.
Vehicle or 500 μg/Kg MOD-5014 or NovoSeven® was administrated 15 min, 24 or 48 hours before tail clip. Results are presented in FIG. 41. Rats treated with warfarin lost 5 fold more blood than naïve rats. 15 min post injection, tail clip of MOD-5014 and Novoseven treated rats resulted in reduced bleeding which is comparable to naïve rats. The effect of MOD-5014 is completely preserved 24 hours post injection, and partially preserved after 48 hours.
Sub-Cutaneous Injection of MOD-5014 is Also Demonstrating a Long Lasting Effect.
SD-rats were treated with 10 mg/Kg warfarin in parallel to 2000 μg/Kg MOD-5014 or NoveSeven SC injection. PT was determined in plasma samples 10, 24, 36 and 48 hours post treatment.
MOD-5014 is able to restore PT values to normal up to 48 hours post dosing, while the effect of NovoSeven® no longer exists after 24 hours (FIG. 42).
SC Injection of MOD-5014 Reduces Blood Loss for at 48 Hours.
SD-rats were treated with Warfarin 24 hours before tail clip. Rats were anesthetized and placed on a warm pad, the tail tip was placed in 37° C. saline and a complete amputation of the tail was performed 0.5 cm from tail t
ip. Blood was collected for 30 minutes and blood loss was determined by weight.
Vehicle or 1000 μg/Kg MOD-5014 or NovoSeven® was SC administrated 15 min, 24 or 48 hours before tail clip. Results are presented in FIG. 43.
Example 11
Comparative Assessment of Clotting Activity of MOD-5014 and Novoseven®
Study Objectives—(I) To characterize the in vitro clotting activity and FX activation under different conditions of MOD-5014 in comparison with NovoSeven®. (II) To compare ex vivo, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastic time (aPTT) profiles in human hemophilia and FVII-deficient plasma upon MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® spiking.
Materials and Methods
Materials—
MOD-5014 GMP-1: 2.5 mg/ml (based on A280) and NovoSeven® Lot# CU60430: 0.943 mg/ml (based on A280)
Method—Clotting Assay
The clotting activity of FVIIa was measured using commercially available Staclot VIIa-rTF kit (Ref#00281, Stago). This method included clotting time measurement of FVII-deficient plasma using the STA Compact MAX or Start4 instruments. Specific amounts of FVIIa were added to the plasma following the addition of phospholipids, Ca2+, and recombinant soluble tissue factor (rsTF). The latter is the extracellular portion of the native tissue factor, which can no longer activate FVII to FVIIa by auto activation. However, it possesses a cofactor function specific for factor VIIa. The FVIIa bound to soluble tissue factor converts factor X to the active factor Xa. The observed clotting time has an inverse relationship with FVIIa level in the plasma, since the soluble tissue factor does not activate FVII to FVIIa. The obtained clotting time was converted to activity (mU/ml) using a FVIIa standard curve and the specific activity was calculated based on FVIIa protein concentration. This method provided the potential in vitro activity of FVIIa, with the limitation of using sTF, which only partially mimics the in vivo setting.
Method—FVII Chromogenic Assay
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® potency were assessed by the commercially available kit BIOPHEN FVII (Ref#221304, HYPHEN BioMed). This is a chromogenic assay intended for testing FVII activity. FVII forms an enzymatic complex with tissue factor and converts factor X into the activated factor Xa in the presence of phospholipids and calcium. Factor X is present in the assay in a constant concentration and in excess. The concentration of activated factor Xa is measured by its activity on a specific chromogenic substrate (SXa-11), which it cleaves to generate pNA. The amount of pNA is directly proportional to Factor X activity, and there is a direct relationship between the amount of Factor VII and the level of Factor Xa activity, measured by the amount of pNA released and determined by color development at 405 nm.
Method—Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastic Time (aPTT)
Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Prothrombin Time (aPTT) were measured using a Siemens CA-1500 autoanalyzer and validated using routine clinical human plasma diagnostic testing at A.M.L.
MOD-5014 GMP-1:
2.5 mg/ml based on absorption at A280, diluted to 0.5-0.0008 mg/ml with hemophilic human plasma/FVII deficient plasma.
FVIIa Clotting Activity:
16,720 U/mg based on FVIIa Staclot activity assay.
NovoSeven® Lot#CU60430:
0.943 mg/ml based on absorption at A280, diluted to 0.5-0.0008 mg/ml with hemophilic human plasma/FVII deficient plasma.
FVIIa Clotting Activity:
50,494 U/mg based on FVIIa Staclot activity assay.
Matrix:
Human plasma (FVIII deficient) BIORECLAMATION (Cat# HMPLCIT-FACT8DEF, Lot# BRH779222-BRH779233). FVII Deficient plasma, Cat#HBM-DP030K.
Results
Potency Determination
The specific activities of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® were evaluated using a qualified Staclot VIIa-rsTF kit. The average specific activity obtained for MOD-5014 (batches RS005, GMP1, ER01) and NovoSeven® as determined by 4 independent assays are presented in Table 63 below.







TABLE 63







Specific activities of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven ®














Run
Run
Run
Run 
Avg
%



#1
#2
#3
#4
(U/mg)
CV
















MOD-5014
17041
14223
16344
14644
15563
8.6


batch ER01








MOD-5014
15894
17390
17819 
15775
16720
6.2


batch GMP1








MOD-5014
23300
20471
17790
18323
19971
12.5


batch RS005








NovoSeven ®
46889
45900
49522
47644
47489
3.2









Conclusion:
MOD-5014 specific activity was 2 to 2.5-fold lower than NovoSeven®. This might be a consequence of reduced molar content of FVIIa in MOD-5014 when spiking on mass base rather than on molar base, as MOD-5014 consists of 83.4% FVIIa with 3 CTP cassettes attached at the C-terminus.
Clotting Activity Inhibition in the Presence of TFPI:
The clotting activity of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® was evaluated in the presence of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), a natural inhibitor if FVIIa. The inhibitor was added at a range of concentrations (3125 ng/ml to 0.006 ng/ml) following the addition of MOD-5014 or NovoSeven® at a fixed concentration, FVII-deficient plasma, tissue factors and phospholipids, and was incubated 15 min at 37° C. The observed specific activity was converted to inhibition %. The assay was repeated 3 times and the mean results are presented in Table 64 and FIG. 44.







TABLE 64







Mean Activity Inhibition in the Presence of TFPI










NovoSeven
MOD-5014












TFPI conc.
TFPI
Activity
%
Activity
%


(ng/mL)
log conc.
(mU/mL)
Inhibition
(mU/mL)
Inhibition















0
NA
72.3
NA
66.8
NA


1250
3
2.9
96
7.3
89


625
3
9.5
87
13.2
80


62.5
2
45
38
47.4
29


6.25
1
55.3
24
56.7
15


0.625
0
54.5
25
56.7
15









Conclusion:
TFPI inhibited NovoSeven® and MOD-5014 at a similar dose-dependent manner. The difference in the values might be a consequence of assay variability, as reported in method qualification (% CV≦25%).
Clotting Activity Inhibition in the Presence of Heparin:
The clotting activity of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® was measured in the presence of heparin at a wide range of concentrations. Heparin was added following the addition of a fixed concentration of MOD-5014 or NovoSeven®, FVII-deficient plasma, tissue factors and phospholipids, and was incubated 15 min at 37° C. The results are presented in Table 65.







TABLE 65







Activity Inhibition in the Presence of Heparin










NovoSeven
MOD-5014











Heparin Conc.
Activity

Activity
%


(U/μl)
(mU/ml)
% Inhibition
(mU/ml)
Inhibition














0
68.8
NA
56.9
NA


1
0
100
0
0


0.5
0
100
0
0


0.25
0
100
0
0


0.1
2.1
 97
2.1
96 









Conclusion:
Heparin possesses high potency in this specific assay, as over 96% inhibition was observed for both MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® even at an extremely low concentration (0.1 U/μl).
Clotting Activity in the Presence of Anti-Thrombin (AT):
The specific activities of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® were evaluated in the presence of Anti thrombin III (ATIII), which is a mild inhibitor of FVIIa. Anti-thrombin was added at a range of concentrations (525 μg/ml to 0.01 ng/ml) following the addition of MOD-5014 or NovoSeven®, FVII-deficient plasma, tissue factors and phospholipids, and was incubated 15 min at 37° C. The observed specific activity was converted to inhibition %. The results are presented in Table 66 and FIG. 45.







TABLE 66







Activity Inhibition in the Presence of AT III










NovoSeven
MOD-5014












AT conc.
AT log
Activity

Activity
%


(ng/mL)
conc.
(mU/mL)
% Inhibition
(mU/mL)
Inhibition















0
NA
88.1
NA
70.8
NA


525000
6
0
100 
0
100 


105000
5
30.6
65
27
62


10,500
4
61.5
30
53
25


1,050
3
66.8
24
53.4
25


105
2
70.2
20
53.3
25


10.5
1
68.4
22
50.7
28


1.050
0
69.5
21
52.9
25









Conclusion:
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® were inhibited at a similar manner by AT III.
Factor X Activation by NovoSeven® and MOD-5014:
The potency of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® was evaluated and the average EC50 values obtained for MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® were calculated (0.41 and 0.38 ng/ml, respectively). The results are presented in Table 67 and a representative dose-response curve is presented in FIG. 46.







TABLE 67







FX activation by MOD-5014 and NovoSeven











rFVIIa

O.D












Conc.
Log
MOD-




(ng/ml)
Conc.
5014
NovoSeven
















100.00
2.00
0.385
0.363



20.00
1.30
0.358
0.365



4.00
0.60
0.368
0.352



0.80
−0.10
0.286
0.303



0.160
−0.80
0.17
0.178



0.0320
−1.49
0.127
0.138



0.00640
−2.19
0.117
0.133



0.00128
−2.89
0.111
0.123










FX Activation in the Presence of TFPI:
The potency of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® was evaluated in the presence of TFPI. The latter was added at a range of concentrations (20 μg/ml to 0.002 ng/ml) to two concentrations of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® (EC70) (0.6 and 4 ng/ml) and FX activation was measured. The results are presented in Table 68 and FIG. 47. The assay performed in the presence of NovoSeven® and MOD-5014 at a concentration of 4 ng/ml is presented in Table 69 and FIG. 48.







TABLE 68







Factor X Activation in the Presence of TFPI (#1)









O.D










TFPI Conc.

MOD-5014
NovoSeven ®


(ng/ml)
Log Conc.
(0.69 ng/ml)
(0.64 ng/ml)













20000.00    
4.30
0.346
0.429


4000.00    
3.60
0.691
0.83


800.00   
2.90
1.006
1.044


160.00   
2.20
1.11
1.337


32.00   
1.51
1.36
1.384


6.40  
0.81
1.384
1.418


1.28  
0.11
1.387
1.466


0.2560 
−0.59
1.457
1.428


0.051200
−1.29
1.454
1.518


0.010240
−1.99
1.446
1.514


0.002048
−2.69
1.478
1.504


Control

1.51
1.51
















TABLE 69







Factor X Activation in the Presence of TFPI (#2)










TFPI Conc.
Log
NovoSeven ®
MOD-5014


(ng/ml)
Conc.
(4 ng/ml)
(4 ng/ml)













20000.00    
4.30
0.206
0.17


4000.00    
3.60
0.406
0.38


800.00   
2.90
1.016
0.836


160.00   
2.20
1.338
1.143


32.00   
1.51
1.496
1.465


6.40  
0.81
1.588
1.541


1.28  
0.11
1.661
1.565


0.2560 
−0.59
1.697
1.616


0.051200
−1.29
1.726
1.604


0.010240
−1.99
1.703
1.638


0.002048
−2.69
1.715
1.653


Control
0
1.656
1.581









Conclusion:
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® demonstrated a very similar inhibition curve of FX activation in the presence of TFPI at both concentrations of the compound.
FX Activation in the Presence of TFPI and Heparin—
The potency of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® was evaluated in the presence of TFPI and heparin. TFPI at different concentrations (20 μg/ml to 0.002 ng/ml) and 1 U/μl heparin were added to a constant concentration of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® (0.7 ng/ml) and FX activation was measured. The results are presented in Table 70 and FIG. 49.







TABLE 70







FX Activation in the Presence of TFPI and Heparin












NovoSeven ®
MOD-5014


TFPI

(0.7 ng/ml) +
(0.7 ng/ml) +


Conc.
Log
1 U/μl
1 U/μl


(ng/ml)
Conc.
heparin
heparin













20000.00    
4.30
0.222
0.15


4000.00    
3.60
0.241
0.115


800.00   
2.90
0.409
0.32


160.00   
2.20
0.764
0.539


32.00   
1.51
1.014
0.915


6.40  
0.81
1.207
1.164


1.28  
0.11
1.309
1.261


0.051200
−1.29
1.373
1.347


0.010240
−1.99
1.305
1.293


0.002048
−2.69
1.335
1.266


Control
0
1.473
1.373









Conclusion:
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® exhibited similar activation of FX in the presence of TFPI. Heparin had no significant influence on the inhibition profile when added with TFPI.
FX Activation in the Presence of Anti-Thrombin:
The potency of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® was evaluated in the presence of anti-thrombin (AT III). Different concentrations of AT III (1.68 mg/ml to 0.16 μg/ml) were added to a constant concentration of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® (0.7 ng/ml) and FX activation was measured. The results are presented in Table 71 and FIG. 50.







TABLE 71







FX Activation in the Presence of Anti-Thrombin











AT conc.
Log
O.D












(μg/ml)
conc.
NovoSeven
MOD-5014







1680 
  3.2
0.784
0.656



500
  2.7
0.933
0.975



100
  2.0
1.138
0.974



 20
  1.3
1.151
1.112



 4
  0.6
1.172
1.135



   0.8
−0.1
1.2 
1.075



   0.16
−0.8
1.234
1.182



control

1.283
1.09 










Conclusion:
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® exhibited similar activation of FX at the presence of AT III.
FX Activation in the Presence of Constant AT III Concentration and Varying Heparin Concentrations:
Anti-thrombin III (AT III) was diluted to a constant concentration (20 μg/ml) and was added to a constant concentration of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® (0.7 ng/ml). Heparin was added at different concentrations (6.25 U/μl-0.002 U/μl) to the mixture and FX activation was measured. The results are presented in Table 71 and FIG. 51.







TABLE 71







FX Activation in the Presence 


of Heparin at Different Concentrations











Heparin conc.
Log
O.D.












(U/μl)
conc.
NovoSeven
MOD-5014
















6.25
0.8
1.002
1.024



1.25
0.1
0.98 
0.896



0.25
−0.6
1.039
0.917



0.01
−2.0
1.198
1.139



0.002
−2.7
1.242
1.294










Conclusion:
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® exhibited similar and moderate inhibition by heparin at constant AT III concentrations.
PT and aPTT Measurements
PT and aPTT measurements are presented in Table 72.









TABLE 72








PT (sec)
aPTT (sec)














Tested

In
In FVII
In
In FVII


Test
concentration
Required
Hemophilic
Deficient
Hemophilic
Deficient


article
(mg/ml)
dilution
Plasma
Plasma
Plasma
Plasma
















MOD-5014
0.5
5
10.0
10.2
21.0
21.0


GMP-1
0.1
25
8.7
8.9
22.8
21.0


2.5 mg/ml
0.02
125
8.6
8.8
30.9
<21.0



0.004
625
8.5
8.8
45.0
24.0



0.0008
3125
8.8
9.3
62.5
25.9











Novoseven
0.5
1.9
No coagulation
No coagulation













0.943 mg/ml
0.1
9.3
8.5
8.7
21.0
21.0



0.02
47
8.3
8.6
26.6
21.0



0.004
234
8.3
8.6
38.9
22.7



0.0008
1169
8.5
8.7
55.0
25.4


Control
0
0
11.9
No coagulation
87.1
27.5


(Only Plasma)

















Normal values


11-13.5
25-35





Extrinsic pathway
Intrinsic pathway









Conclusion:
The PT and aPTT measurements were comparable for both MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® when spiked at a similar range of concentrations.
Summary
MOD-5014 activity was evaluated by a variety of in vitro and ex vivo methods that assessed different aspects of its coagulation activity in comparison to NovoSeven® at equal mass. Initially, MOD-5014 activity was compared to NovoSeven® in the qualified Staclot FVIIa assay. The study demonstrated that MOD-5014 activity is 2 to 2.5-fold lower than that of NovoSeven. A factor X activation test by a chromogenic assay in the presence of TF, phospholipids and calcium also proposed a slightly lower measure of activity of MOD-5014 in comparison to NovoSeven®, as reflected by EC50.
The variability between methods might be due to differences in assay sensitivity or endpoint (soluble vs. full-chain TF and clotting time vs. OD measurement, respectively). The lower MOD-5014 activity might be due to the fact that 84.4% of MOD-5014 corresponds to FVIIa and 15.6% corresponds to CTP.
MOD-5014 inactivation in the presence of TFPI, a major FXa-dependent inhibitor of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, was evaluated by the two in vitro assays mentioned above (Staclot and factor X activation). Incubating MOD-5014 or NovoSeven® at two fixed concentrations with increasing concentrations of TFPI resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in clotting or FXa enzymatic activity. Both compounds demonstrated a very similar de-activation pattern, reflected by clotting inhibition.
Anti-thrombin III was previously reported to inhibit factor VIIa at a slow rate and also demonstrated augmented inhibition at the present of heparin. Anti-thrombin III demonstrated a similar inhibition pattern of both MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® when both compounds were spiked with increasing concentrations of AT III. This pattern was maintained following the addition of heparin, producing a pronounced inhibitory effect.
Example 12
Comparative In Vitro Assessment of Mod-5014 and Novoseven® in Thrombin Generation and Coagulation Efficiency
Study Objectives—(I)
Comparative assessment of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® by thrombin generation (TG) in inhibitory platelets rich plasma with high titer of inhibitory antibodies at low and high phospholipids concentration, and (II) comparative assessment of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® by thromboelastography (TEG) in inhibitory platelets rich plasma with high titer of inhibitory antibodies.
Materials and Methods
Materials—
MOD-5014: 2.0 mg/ml and NovoSeven® 1.0 mg/ml, stored frozen (−60 to −80° C.). No dose formulation preparation was required. Materials were thawed only once prior to dosing.
Method—Thrombin Generation (TG) in Low and High Phospholipid Concentrations
Human plasma originated from patients with high titer of anti FVIII inhibitory Abs was spiked with increased concentration of MOD-5014 or NovoSeven®, coagulation was stimulated by relipidtaed rhTissue Factor (TF) and a high concentration of phospholipid micelles (Reagent RChigh) mimicking the in vivo situation.
Method—Thromboelastography (TEG)
Thromboelastography (TEG) is a method of testing the efficiency of coagulation in the blood and is especially important in surgery and anesthesiology. The patterns of changes in strength and elasticity in the clot provide information about how well the blood can perform hemostasis (the halting of blood flow), and how well or poorly different factors are contributing to clot formation.
Four values that represent clot formation are determined by this test: the R value (or reaction time), the K value, the angle and the MA (maximum amplitude). The R value represents the time until the first evidence of a clot is detected. The K value is the time from the end of R until the clot reaches 20 mm and this represents the speed of clot formation. The angle is the tangent of the curve made as the K is reached and offers similar information to K. The MA is a reflection of clot strength.
Results
Thrombin Generation
The generation of thrombin is a fundamental part of the clotting cascade and as such an estimation of how well a particular individual can generate thrombin may correlate with either a risk of bleeding or thrombosis. It describes all the phases of thrombin generation process (initiation, amplification and inhibition of thrombin generation as well as the integral amount of generated thrombin). According to the experimental system used, thrombin generation may be influenced by most of the factors playing a role in in vivo blood coagulation.
The kinetic of thrombin generation was monitored by Technoclone TGA (FIG. 53).
A Dose-dependent increase of peak thrombin and decrease of lag phase and peak time was observed following spiking with MOD-5014 or Novoseven.
In the second experiment MOD-5014 or NovoSeven® were spiked at increasing concentrations at the present of TF and at the present of low concentration of phospholipid micelles (Reagent RClow).
As anticipated a more pronounced repose was observed when spiking the sample with high PL concentration. Both compounds reached maximal TG response at low concentration of PL concentration further confirming its importance for proper activation of the clotting cascade. The result as presented in FIG. 53 and FIG. 54 demonstrate that MOD-5014 in-vitro thrombin generation activity is slightly lower compared to NovoSeven® at high and low PL concentration and are aligned with data obtained in PPP FVIII deficient plasma.
Coagulation Efficiency:
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® were added to high titer human FVIII inhibitor platelet reach plasma (PRP), CaCl2 and rhTF thromboplastin were added to trigger clot formation. The R and angel were evaluated. As observed in FIG. 55, both MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® decreased the clotting time (R) and increased the rate of clot formation (Angel) of high titer FVIII inhibitor plasma at a similar concentration dependent manner, while MOD-5014 demonstrated a minor reduction in its clotting capability. These finding further strengthen the results obtained by ROTEM that CTP attachment doesn't interfere with clot formation.
Summary
Based on the TG and TEG results in FVIII high titer plasma it appears that MOD-5014 mechanism of TG and clot formation may be similar to NovoSeven® with a slight reduction in it activity. This might be a consequence of reduced molar content of FVIIa in MOD-5014 when spiking on mass base rather than on molar base as MOD-5014 consists of 83.4% FVIIa with 3 CTP cassettes attached at the C terminus, and therefore will require slightly higher concentrations of MOD-5014 to maintain in vivo hemostatic. Finally it appears that a mechanism of binding to phospholipid may be maintained following the attachment of CTP to FVIIa.
Example 13
Comparative In Vitro Activity of Mod-5014 and Novoseven®
Study Objectives—(I)
A comparative assessment of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® by thrombin generation (TG) in citrated platelet poor plasma (PPP). (II) A comparative assessment of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® tissue factor (TF) affinity by thrombin generation in citrated PPP. (III) A comparative assessment of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® by thromboelastography (ROTEM) in PPP citrated plasma.
Materials and Methods
Materials—
MOD-5014: 2.6 mg/ml and NovoSeven® 2.6 mg/ml, stored frozen (−60 to −80° C.). No dose formulation preparation was required. Materials were thawed to room temperature prior to administration.
Method (Objective (I))—Thrombin Generation (TG) in Low and High Phospholipid Concentrations
Thrombin generation was measured according to Livnat et al. (2006, J. Thromb Haemost. 4(1):192-200; 2008, Haemophila. 14(4):782-786; and 2011, Thromb Haemost. 105(4): 688-95). Briefly, pooled plasma was spiked with escalating concentration of MOD-5014 or NovoSeven®. PPP-Reagent LOW (containing 104 tissue factor) or MP-reagent (Diagnostica Stago, Lot PPL 1203/01 and MPR 1202/01, respectively) were used as working buffers. Both reagents contained 4 μM phospholipids.
The assay was carried out using two approaches as follow: (a) Re-Calcification only; and (b) Low TF level (1 pM).
Twenty μl of working buffer were placed in round-bottom 96-well microtiter plates. Eighty μl of FVIII-deficient plasma with different concentrations of NovoSeven® or MOD-5014 were added to the buffer, as described in Table 73.










TABLE 73






*Predicated

Tissue


NovoSeven ®/
in vivo

factor (TF)


MOD-5014 spiked
concentration
Phospholipids
concentration


concentration (μg/ml)
(μg/kg)
concentration
w/wo


















0
0
4 μM
1 pM


1.25
40
4 μM
1 pM


2.5
80
4 μM
1 pM


5
160
4 μM
1 pM


10
320
4 μM
1 pM


15
640
4 μM
1 pM





*Based on Livnat et al., 2008.






TG was initiated by adding 20 μl of fluorogenic substrate/CaCl2 buffer (FluCa-kit Thrombinoscope-BV, Diagnostica Stago, Lot FLB 1303/01). Fluorescence was measured using an excitation filter at 390 nm and an emission filter at 460 nm and a fluorometer (Fluoroskan Ascent, Lab system, Helsinki, Finland). Results were displayed as plots and derived parameters, i.e. lag time, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and peak height, and were calculated using specialized computer software (version 3.0.0.29, Thrombinoscope-BV Maastricht, the Netherlands). Each sample was tested independently twice in duplicates (run 1 and 2). The mean value of the duplicates is provided and compared to a thrombin standard (Thrombin calibrator, Diagnostica Stago, Lot TC 1208/01).
Method—(Objective (II))—Thrombin Generation (TG)
Thrombin generation was measured according to Livnat et al. (2006, 2008, 2011). Briefly, pooled plasma was spiked with 3 fairly low escalating concentration of MOD-5014 or NovoSeven® to enable a more sensitive and dose-dependent response (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 μg/ml). MP-reagent containing 4 μM phospholipids was used as working buffer. Each designated sample was spiked with escalating concentrations of TF as described in Table 74 below, and TG was assessed.










TABLE 74





NovoSeven ®/
*Predicated




MOD-5014 spiked
in -vivo
Phospho-



concentration
concentration
lipids con-
TF


(μg/ml)
(μg/kg)
centration
concentration w/wo


















0
0
4 μM
0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 pM


1.25
40
4 μM
0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 pM


2.5
80
4 μM
0, 1, 2, 4, 5 pM





0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 pM


5
160
4 μM
0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 pM


10
320
4 μM
0, 1, 2, 4, 5 pM





0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 pM





*Based on Livnat et al., 2008






TG of each test article at the designated concentrations of TF was assessed by measurement ETP, lag time and height of thrombin peak. Each sample was tested independently twice in duplicates (run 1 and 2). The mean value of the duplicates is provided.

Method—Objective (III)—Rotation Thromboelastography (ROTEM)
Pooled plasma from severe FVIII-deficient patients were spiked with either NovoSeven® or MOD-5014 at 4 concentrations as described in Table 75 below, and assessed at the following conditions: (a) addition of Kaolin; (b) with low levels of TF; (c) re-classification.










TABLE 75







NovoSeven ®/MOD-5014
*Predicated in-vivo



spiked concentration
concentration



(μg/ml)
(μg/kg)



















0
0



2.5
80



10
320



15
640










ROTEM measurements were conducted with a ROTEM device (Pentapharm, Munich, Germany) using 300 μL of FVIII-deficient plasma placed into cups, with a subsequent addition of 20 mM CaCl2, (NATEM), allegic acid (contact activation, INTEM), or low concentration of tissue factor (EXTEM reagent diluted 1:1700). ROTEM tests were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions at 37° C. and were run for a minimum of 45 minutes. The following variables were used: clotting time (CT, sec), i.e. the time between the introduction of CaCl2 and the beginning of clotting; alpha-angle (α-angle, degrees) reflecting clot propagation; and maximum clot firmness (MCF, m), which reflects clot strength.
Results
Objective (I): Comparative In Vitro Assessment of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® by Thrombin Generation (TG)
Thrombin generation has been frequently used for the assessment of hemostatic effect of FVIIa. It was previously shown that FVIIa mediates changes in thrombin generation (TG) in FVIII inhibitor plasma samples. In plasma samples spiked with recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa), TG was improved in the absence of tissue factor (TF) while the TG potential of rFVIIa in vitro was increased as a result of added TF. Simple, classic pharmacokinetic assays are not available for FVIIa due to the complexity of its mechanism of action. Since thrombin is the final product generated, a TG assay could be used for the assessment of the pharmacokinetics and potential efficacy of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven®. This assay is suitable for monitoring the pharmacokinetics of inhibitor-bypassing agents during treatment and may be useful for predicting responses to treatment. Therefore real-time measurement of thrombin concentration generated in plasma gives valuable information regarding the homeostasis of the coagulation system.
The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro thrombin generation ability of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® in severe hemophilia A plasma at a range of concentrations that potentially correlate to the proposed clinical doses in the first-in-human (FIH) study. This could provide a prediction of the minimal effective dose as part of the preparations for first in human (FIH) study.
Comparative Thrombin Generation Following Re-Calcification
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® were spiked at a wide range of concentrations to severe hemophilia A pooled plasma. The study was repeated twice, and the results are provided in Tables 76-79 below, and FIGS. 56, 57, 58(A-E), 59(A-D), 60, 61, 62(A-E) and 63(A-D).







TABLE 76







(Run #1) NovoSeven ® Derivative Values for FIG. 56













1.25 μg/ml
2.5 μg/ml
5 μg/ml
10 μg/ml
15 μg/ml















Lag time
29.5
20.67
15.83
12.33
11.5


Lag time SD
2.17
0
0.5
0.33
0.17


ETP
141
242
460
727
659.5


ETPSD
13
0
115
54
15.5


Peak
6.2
11.45
20.33
33.45
39.85


Peak SD
0.66
0
2.32
0.03
1.34


tt Peak
44.17
33.67
28.5
22.83
21.33


tt Peak SD
1.83
0
0.5
0.5
0


Start Tail
76
76
73
71.5
74


Start Tail SD
0
0
2
3.5
0


Edited
1
1
0
0
1
















TABLE 77





(Run #1) MOD-5014 Derivative Values for FIG. 57




















Lag time
37.33
29.33
20.17
16.17
13.67


Lag time SD
0.67
0.33
0.5
0.5
0


ETP
108.5
144.5
295
426
623.5


ETPSD
2.5
0.5
39
19
179.5


Peak
4.85
6.85
12.32
20.32
26.57


Peak SD
0.15
0.11
0.34
0.76
2.46


tt Peak
52.5
42.83
34
28
25.33


tt Peak SD
0.83
0.5
0.33
0.67
1


Start Tail
76
76
75
72.5
76


Start Tail SD
0
0
0
0.5
0


Edited
1
1
1
0
1
















TABLE 78







(Run #2) NovoSeven ® Derivative Values for FIG. 60













1.25 μg/ml
2.5 μg/ml
5 μg/ml
10 μg/ml
15 μg/ml















Lag time
18.7
13.85
12.35
10.35
8.68


Lag time SD
0
0.5
0.67
0.33
0.33


ETP
226
269
363.5
554.5
756


ETPSD
0
16
26.5
76.5
31


Peak
8.96
11.45
17.61
29.23
46.22


Peak SD
0
0.8
1.64
2.03
4.13


tt Peak
33.72
29.04
25.04
21.2
18.19


tt Peak SD
0
0.67
0.67
0.17
0.5


Start Tail
75
75
69
57
43.5


Start Tail SD
0
0
2
10
0.5


Edited
1
0
0
1
0
















TABLE 79





(Run #2) MOD-5014 Derivative Values for FIG. 61




















Lag time
30.05
20.2
15.36
12.19
10.18


Lag time SD
0
0.17
0.33
0.5
0.17


ETP
118
179
300.5
406.5
602.5


ETPSD
0
1
18.5
19.5
111.5


Peak
4.36
7.2
12.86
19.8
28.55


Peak SD
0
0.18
0.42
0.73
3.15


tt Peak
46.74
35.55
28.88
24.54
21.37


tt Peak SD
0
0.83
0.17
0.17
0.33


Start Tail
76
76
74.5
67.5
69.5


Start Tail SD
0
0
0.5
0.5
5.5


Edited
1
1
0
0
0









A dose-dependent response was observed following the addition of the two compounds. At low concentrations of 1.25-2.5 μg/ml, which presumably mimic 40 and 80 μg/kg, respectively, a poor TG was observed, as reflected by increased lag and reduced ETP (FIGS. 56, 57, 60 and 61). Although the higher concentration provided a pronounce improvement in the TG profile, none of the tested compounds were able to provide a complete restoration of the TG as obtained with FVIII (FIGS. 71 and 72; Table 80).







TABLE 80







(Derivative values for FIG. 72)












FVIII + Low TF
FVIII















Lag time
6.17
11.33



Lag time SD
0.17
0.33



ETP
1869
1604



ETP SD
1
48



Peak
323.34
233



Peak SD
13.43
17.69



tt Peak
8.67
15.5



tt Peak SD
0
0.17



Start Tail
27.5
33.5



Start Tail SD
0.5
0.5



Edited
0
0










These results are in line with published studies and suggest that hFVIIa is less effective as a bypassing agent than other replacement therapies for thrombin correction, demonstrated by lower TG peak, ETP, and other parameters. Overlay analysis (FIGS. 58 (A-E), 59 (A-D), 62 (A-E) and 63 (A-D)) suggested a slight reduction in MOD-5014 TG response as compared to NovoSeven®, reflected mainly as increased lag time, and a lower thrombin peak (estimated as 30-40% lower than in NovoSeven®). This might be a consequence of reduced molar content of FVIIa in MOD-5014 when spiking on mass base rather than on molar base as MOD-5014 consists of 83.4% FVIIa with 3 CTP cassettes attached at the C terminus. The two independent runs were consistent with each other, providing similar results with minor variation.
Comparative Thrombin Generation at Low TF Concentrations
When severe hemophilia A pooled plasma was spiked with low levels of TF, a background TG response was observed that increased as MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® concentrations increased in the tested samples. (FIGS. 64, 65, 66(A-E), 67, 68, 69(A-E). 70(A-C): Tables 81-84)







TABLE 81







(NovoSeven ® Derivative values for FIG. 64)















1.25
2.5
5
10
15



Control
μg/ml
μg/ml
μg/ml
μg/ml
μg/ml
















Lag time
7.33
4.33
4.17
4.17
4.17
4.17


Lag time SD
0
0
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17


ETP
592
880
903
1003.5
1256.5
1350


ETP SD
0
83
34
63.5
77.5
72


Peak
28.6
46.23
51.30
62.16
77.12
92.79


Peak SD
0.81
0.74
0.87
3.23
1.02
5.15


tt Peak
17.33
12.83
12.33
12.33
12
11.5


tt Peak SD
0.67
0.17
0
0
0
0.17


Start Tail
59
64
57
44.5
49
64


Start Tail SD
1
0
7
0.5
2
0


Edited
0
1
1
0
0
1
















TABLE 82







(MOD-5014 Derivative values for FIG. 65)













1.25 μg/ml
2.5 μg/ml
5 μg/ml
10 μg/ml
15 μg/ml















Lag time
4.33
4.17
4.17
4.33
4.17


Lag time SD
0
0.17
0.17
0
0.17


ETP
699.5
822.5
912
1088
1223.5


ETP SD
6.5
39.5
11
31
26.5


Peak
40.28
49.32
53.53
64.13
72.19


Peak SD
0.41
1.91
1.72
3.65
2.76


tt Peak
12.67
12.33
12.83
12.83
12.17


tt Peak SD
0.33
0
0.17
0.17
0.12


Start Tail
50.5
60.5
47.5
48
49.5


Start Tail SD
1.5
3.5
2.5
1
1.5


Edited
0
1
0
0
0
















TABLE 83







(NovoSeven ® Derivative values for FIG. 67)















1.25
2.5
5
10
15



Control
μg/ml
μg/ml
μg/ml
μg/ml
μg/ml
















Lag time
6.17
3.5
3.67
3.67
3.67
3.67


Lag time SD
0.17
0.17
0
0
0
0


ETP
526.5
671.5
790.5
795
928
955


ETP SD
7.5
13.5
11.5
5
27
44


Peak
25.34
40.33
46.66
53.84
61.35
65.69


Peak SD
1.4
0.4
0.47
0.13
0.18
0.66


tt Peak
16
11.83
11.5
11.5
11.67
11.33


tt Peak SD
0.33
0.12
0.17
0.17
0
0


Start Tail
56.5
53.5
56
36.5
41
44


Start Tail SD
1.5
0.5
8
2.5
2
2


Edited
0
0
1
0
0
0
















TABLE 84







(MOD-5014 Derivative values for FIG. 68)













1.25 μg/ml
2.5 μg/ml
5 μg/ml
10 μg/ml
15 μg/ml















Lag time
4
1.83
4
4
3.83


Lag time SD
0
0.17
0.33
0.33
0.5


ETP
587
657.5
723.5
761
833.5


ETP SD
11
21.5
49.5
4
94.5


Peak
35.35
38.62
42.52
49.28
51.34


Peak SD
0.15
1.51
4.87
3.88
7.12


tt Peak
11.83
12.17
13
12.67
12.33


tt Peak SD
0.17
0.17
0.67
1
1


Start Tail
48
52
51
39.5
64


Start Tail SD
1
2
6
7.5
0


Edited
0
0
0
0
1









A similar pattern of dose-dependent response was observed in this study for both products; however, larger amplitude was obtained due to response enhancement by TF. Again, MOD-5014 demonstrated reduced activity that was more pronounced in comparison to the re-calcifications study, requiring a higher MOD-5014 concentration to provide a suitable overlay between the two (FIG. 66 (A-E) and FIG. 70 (A-C)). To study this further, an in vitro study was performed further investigating MOD-5014 and FVIIa affinity to TF and its effect on TG, as described below.
Conclusions:
Both products demonstrated a dose-dependent TG response when spiked to severe hemophilia A pooled plasma, with an initial poor response at concentrations mimicking clinical dose of 40-80 μg/kg. These results presumably suggest that doses lower than 40-80 μg/kg will not provide an adequate in vivo response. Furthermore, MOD-5014 demonstrated a reduced TG performance when spiked at a similar concentration as NovoSeven®, suggesting that a slightly increased concentration (30-40%) might be needed in the clinical setting to provide proper initial hemostatic effect which is comparable to that of NovoSeven®.
Objective (II): Comparative In Vitro Assessment of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® Affinity to TF
FVIIa seems to have at least two independent effector mechanisms: the tissue factor (TF)-dependent FVIIa-mediated activation of factor X (FX), which is the classic inducer of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, and a TF-independent activity of high-dose FVIIa on endogenous phospholipid (PL) surfaces of monocytes or platelets. MOD-5014 demonstrated reduced activity when compared to NovoSeven® that was more pronounced in the presence present of TF. Higher MOD-5014 concentrations were required to provide a suitable overlay between the two compounds (FIG. 66 (A-E) and FIG. 70 (A-C)). Although it was previously reported that MOD-5014 affinity to TF was similar to NovoSeven® as measured by SPR and in vitro activation assays, the objective of this study was to further investigate this in vitro affinity of MOD-5014 and FVIIa to TF by TG.
MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® were spiked at an escalating range of concentrations to severe hemophilia A pooled plasma, in the presence of escalating concentrations of TF. The study was repeated twice, and the results of each run are provided in FIGS. 73-88 and Tables 85-90.







TABLE 85







(Derivative Values for FIG. 73)










NovoSeven
MOD-5014


















TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF



0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM
0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM




















Lag time
35.67
3.67
2.33
2.53
1.33
36
4.67
2.67
2.33
1.33


Lag time SD
0
0
9
6
0
0
0
0
0
0


ETP
0
326
460
1038
1654
0
264
484
1117
1598


ETP SD
1-
0
0
0
0
1-
0
0
0
0


Peak
10.73
12.88
22.47
95.78
233.67
8.23
9.04
27.4
99.11
231


Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


tt Peak
51.67
19.33
12
7.67
5
56
22.33
10.33
8
4.67


tt Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Start Tail
0
75
58
33
25
0
75
49
33
25


Start Tail SD
1-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Edited
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
















TABLE 86







(Derivative Values for FIG. 75)










NovoSeven
MOD-5014


















TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF



0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM
0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM




















Lag time
25.67
5.33
3
2.67
1.67
50
6.67
3
2.67
1.67


Lag time SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


ETP
0
338
503
1054
1092
0
245
448
1034
1554


ETP SD
1-
0
0
0
0
1-
0
0
0
0


Peak
11.8
14.13
26.41
98.73
252.42
9.39
10.27
22.59
93.16
240.75


Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


tt Peak
41
19.67
12.33
8
4.67
56.35
22
12
8.35
5


tt Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Start Tail
0
72
55
24
24
0
64
56
34
23


Start Tail SD
1-
0
0
0
0
1-
0
0
0
0


Edited
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
















TABLE 87







(Derivative values for FIG. 77)










NovoSeven
MOD-5014


















TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF



0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM
0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM




















Lag time
18
8
3.33
2.67
1.67
27.67
5.67
5
3
1.67


Lag time SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


ETP
0
418
858
1111
1527
235
344
490
982
1514


ETP SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Peak
16.85
18.67
36.73
117.89
254.79
19.41
13.22
28.28
94.2
261.12


Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


tt Peak
31
20
12
7.53
4.67
40.67
21.53
10.67
8.33
4.67


tt Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Start Tail
75
69
59
29
22
26
75
50
38
21


Start Tail SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Edited
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
















TABLE 88







(Derivative values for FIG. 81)










NovoSeven
MOD-5014


















TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF



0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM
0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM




















Lag time
17
7.33
3.67
3
1.67
20.33
8.67
4
3
1.67


Lag time SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


ETP
717
718
665
1012
1633
197
460
754
1059
1602


ETP SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Peak
23.87
28.73
41.13
90.03
236.54
16.38
19.99
32.2
92.24
236.43


Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


tt Peak
29.33
19
13.67
8.33
5
32.67
21
13.67
8.67
5


tt Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Start Tail
76
64
45
34
23
76
72
52
34
25


Start Tail SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Edited
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
















TABLE 89







(Derivative values for FIG. 82)










NovoSeven
MOD-5014


















TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF



0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM
0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM




















Lag time
25
7.33
3.33
2.67
1.67
32.67
6
3.33
2.67
1.67


Lag time SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


ETP
0
333
734
1230
1670
0
117
760
1107
1605


ETP SD
1-
0
0
0
0
1-
0
0
0
0


Peak
13.5
13.45
26.75
136.91
252.5
10.71
13.15
30.41
105.24
244.68


Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


tt Peak
40.67
23.33
14.33
7.67
4.67
50
21
13
8.35
4.67


tt Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Start Tail
0
72
75
33
24
0
75
61
31
24


Start Tail SD
1-
0
0
0
0
1-
0
0
0
0


Edited
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
















TABLE 90







(Derivative Values of FIG. 83)










NovoSeven
MOD-5014


















TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF



0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM
0 pM
0.5 pM
1 pM
2.5 pM
5 pM




















Lag time
21.33
7
4
2.67
2
26.33
7
3.67
2.67
2


Lag time SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


ETP
388
459
679
1105
1581
302
354
754
1607
1531


ETP SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Peak
16.18
21.97
30.22
109.4
260.86
12.28
14.34
28.58
103.67
254.16


Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


tt Peak
34.33
19
14.33
7.67
4.67
41.67
21.33
12.53
7.67
4.67


tt Peak SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Start Tail
73
64
58
32
23
74
52
69
30
25


Start Tail SD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Edited
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0









Spiking with increasing concentrations of TF with fixed doses of either NovoSeven® or MOD-5014 provided a TF-dependent increase in TG performance, as reflected by reduced lag time and increased ETP and thrombin pick (FIGS. 79 (A-C), 80 (A-C), 87 (A-E) and 88 (A-E)). For both compounds at all doses and TF concentrations below 5 pM, poor to moderate TG response was observed as reflected by increased lag time and reduced ETP. A higher concentration of TF (5 pM) provided a pronounced improvement in the TG profile (FIGS. 79 (A-C), 80 (A-C), 87 (A-E) and 88 (A-E)). However, none of the tested compounds were able to provide a complete restoration of the TG as obtained with FVIII (FIGS. 71 and 72, and Table 82). Interestingly, increasing the concentrations of NovoSeven® or MOD-5014 at constant TF levels did not improve TG performance (FIGS. 79 (A-C), 80 (A-C), 87 (A-E) and 88 (A-E)), further emphasizing the importance of TF for the proper activity of both compounds.
Comparison of the TG profiles of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® by overlay analysis (FIGS. 74 (A-E), 76 (A-E), 78 (A-E), 82, 85 (A-C), 86 (A-E); Table 89) suggested a slight reduction in MOD-5014 response (estimated as 20-30% lower) without TF or at very low TF concentration (0.5 pM). As the level of TF increases, a similar response is observed at all MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® concentrations on both repeats (FIGS. 74 (A-E), 76 (A-E), 78 (A-E), 82, 85 (A-C), 86 (A-E); Table 89).
Conclusion:
This study further confirms the results in vitro by spiking both compounds at fixed concentrations in the presence of escalating concentrations of TF. The amount of TF in the sample was predominantly responsible for the increased TG response, further confirming a biological similarity between MOD-5014 and NovoSeven®.
Objective (III) Comparative Assessment of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® Activity Using Rotation Thromboelastography (ROTEM)
Over the last decade, thromboelastography emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring hemostasis in coagulopathy, blood transfusion and clotting factor replacement therapy. In this respect, thromboelastography has been used in hemophilia, factor VIII or IX replacement therapy, and assessment of the effect of aFVIIa in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. ROTEM may be used for assessing of the effects of coagulation and anti-fibrinolytic agents in thrombocytopenia, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and hemodilution. The objectives of the study were to compare the in vitro ROTEM performance of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® in severe hemophilia A plasma at a range of concentrations which correlate to the proposed clinical doses, and assess the minimal effective dose as part of the preparations for the FIH study.
The results of the experiments are presented in the Tables 91 and 92.







TABLE 91







Spiking FVIII-Deficient Plasma with Factor VIII















Clot time
α-angle
MCF



Test
Treatment
(CT) (sec)
(degrees)
(mm)







NATEM
Intact
No clot
No clot
No clot




FVIII
1359
17
15



INTEM
Intact
1123
9
11




FVIII
335
72
14










Table 91 shows plasma clotting without FVIII and following plasma spiking with FVIII (1 U/mL), which was used as control compound in the study. In the NATEM test, no clotting was observed in the intact plasma, while spiking the plasma samples with FVIII was followed by slight clot formation. In contrast, in the INTEM test clot formation occurred in both intact and treated plasma, whereas in the latter it was much stronger (CT was shorter and the α-angle was 8-fold higher). Maximum clot firmness (MCF) was slightly increased. These results suggest that the intrinsic system (INTEM) may be a useful test for the assessment of FVIII-replacement in hemophilia A.







TABLE 92







The Effect of MOD-5014 and Novo Seven on


Clot Formation in FVIII-Deficient Plasma














Conc.
Clot time
α-angle
MCF


Test
Treatment
(μg/mL)
(sec)
(degrees)
(mm)





NATEM
Control
—
No clot
No clot
No clot



NovoSeven
2.5
No clot
No clot
No clot




10
nd
nd
nd




15
1100
20
16



MOD-5014
2.5
No clot
No clot
No clot




10
1601
10
12




15
1244
14
15


INTEM
Control
—
1123
9
11



NovoSeven
2.5
810
12.5
10




10
531
25
13




15
472
26
12



MOD-5014
2.5
797
14.5
12




10
611
22.5
14.5




15
660
27
13


EXTEM
Control
—
404
19.5
10.5



NovoSeven
2.5
371
20.5
12.5




10
340
27
13




15
377
30
14



MOD-5014
2.5
355
22.5
12.5




10
324
28.5
14




15
323
30
13.5





nd - not determined






Table 92 shows the effects of FVIIa on clot formation in FVIII-deficient plasma.
Recalcification with Contact Activation of Plasma (INTEM Test):
CT was shorter and the α-angle increased gradually in plasma treated with both types of FVIIa at 2.5 and 10 μg/mL compared to non-treated plasma. By increasing FVIIa concentration to 15 μg/mL, the changes in clot formation did not differ from that of plasma treated with 10 μg/mL FVIIa. No difference was found between the activities of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven.
Recalcification with Activation of the Extrinsic Pathway (EXTEM Test):
There was a decrease in CT and increase of MCF in both MOD-5014 and NovoSeven-treated plasma compared to non-treated plasma. An increase in clot propagation (α-angle) was observed to a similar extend in plasma treated with both agents at 2.5 and 10 μg/mL, with no further change at 15 μg/mL.
Conclusions:
INTEM appeared to be the most reliable test among the different ROTEM tests utilized to compare the activity of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven. A dose of 2.5 μg/ml, which mimics an in vivo dose of 80 μg/kg, resulted in a low response for both compounds as reflected by slightly decreased clotting time, and increased α-angle compared to non-treated plasma, tested utilizing both INTEM and EXTEM. Increasing concentrations of MOD-5014 and NovoSeven® to 10 and 25 μg/ml was followed by dose-dependent stimulatory effect on clot formation. The results also demonstrate no essential difference in the effects of either agent on clot formation, providing very similar ROTEM values at both agents.
Example 14
Assessment of MOD-5014 Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Correction of Hemophilic Coagulopathy in Dogs with Hemophilia A (FVIII Deficiency)
Study Objective—
The objective of the current study was to evaluate and characterize MOD-5014 pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and correction of hemophilic coagulopathy in dogs with severe hemophilia A (FVIII deficiency, <0.01% FVIII).
Justification of Test System
The Chapel Hill hemophilia A dog colony has the advantage of no detectable FVIII activity in FVIII bioassays and chromogenic assays, and little or no FVIII antigen by ELISA (<0.005 U/ml). This model has been used in the past as part of the non-clinical pharmacological characterization of different clotting factors. It has been proposed that this model can provide an accurate recapitulation of human biology within the particular area of hemostasis, and provide comparable PK/PD parameters to those previously observed in human studies. In addition, TEG, which is used as a screening tool assessing overall hemostatic dysfunction or correction in clinical setting has been shown to be a predictive tool in this model as well suggesting further correlation between human and dog hemostasis.
Materials and Methods
Materials—
MOD-5014: 2.6 mg/ml, stored frozen (−60 to −80° C.). No dose formulation preparation was required. Materials were thawed to room temperature prior to administration.
The pre-formulated dosing formulation was handled aseptically and administered as received; no dose formulation preparation was required. Test article (MOD-5014) was thawed only once prior to dosing. The test article was removed from frozen storage and thawed to room temperature prior to administration.
Method: Ex Vivo Phase:
The ex vivo phase was conducted according to Knudsen et al 2011, Haemophilia. 17(6):962-970, in order to establish the minimal effective dose which would support dose selection for the in vivo study.
During the first phase, dose dependent ex vivo Whole Blood Clotting Time (WBCT) and Thromboelastography (TEG) assessments of MOD-5014 spiked into fresh blood, from two individual FVIII deficient dogs, were performed. The lowest dose of MOD-5014, which significantly improved the TEG and WBCT performance, was considered the minimal effective dose. Based on the first phase and the establishment of the minimal effective dose, the doses for the in vivo second phase were selected.
Fresh canine blood was drawn from two individual FVIII hemophilic dogs and analyzed independently in order to confirm reproducibility of results. Briefly, 15 mL of canine blood were drawn into a syringe, transferred to a conical tube and spiked with MOD-5014 to final concentrations of 0.568, 1.136, 2.273, 4.545, and 9.909 μg/mL, which correlates to anticipated in vivo Cmax following administration of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/kg of MOD-5014 in FVIII deficient dogs assuming the following: Canine estimated weight is 20 kg and Blood volume for each animal is 40 mL/lb (88 mL/kg).
Blood from these spiking was assayed within <5 min of adding the test material as follows:
Step 1: Whole Blood Clotting Time (WBCT): 1 mL of blood spiked with MOD-5014 to designated final concentrations was used for the WBCT. Briefly, the whole blood clotting time (WBCT) is a modification of the Lee-White clotting time using two siliconized glass tubes (VacutainerTM #6431, Becton-Dickinson, Rutherford, N.J.) in a 28° C. water bath. One mL of whole blood spiked with MOD-5014 at designated concentrations was split equally between two siliconized tubes. A timer was started. After one minute, one tube was tilted every 30 sec, the other left undisturbed. When a clot was formed in the tilted tube, the second tube was then tilted every 30 sec until a clot formed. The time for formation of a fully gelled clot in the second tube was recorded as the WBCT. In naïve hemophilia A dogs, the WBCT is generally >40 minutes but can be >60 min. The test is stopped if the value exceeds 60 min.
Step 2: Thromboelastography: 1 mL of blood spiked with MOD-5014 to designated final concentrations was mixed with Kaolin (Lot # is provided by Haemoscope), 360 μl of this mixture was placed in the cup for testing. TEG recordings were allowed to proceed for approximately 90 min. A typical range of TEG values is provided in the Table 93 below.







TABLE 93







Thromboelastography Typical Range of Values











TEG
R
K
Angle
MA


(Kaolin activated)
(min)
(min)
(degrees)
(mm)





Normal (n = 2)
7.4 ± 1.1
1.6 ± 0.2
67.2 ± 2.9
61.4 ± 20.6


Hemophilia A (n = 2)
>60
NA
NA
NA









The lowest dose that demonstrates significant clotting improvement will be used as the initial dose for the in vivo study, proposing proper monitoring of blood clotting and hemostasis as measured during the phase II of the study and by utilizing the different assays as described below.
Method: In Vivo Phase:
Six naïve mixed breed Chapel Hill hemophilia A dogs (Canis familiaris) weighing approximately 20 kg were used in this study. Dogs received IV doses of 50 μg/kg (N=2), 200 μg/kg (N=4), 400 μg/kg (N=2), or 600 μg/kg (N=2) MOD-5014. Doses were given as a 5 minute IV infusion. Blood samples were collected for concentration and activity measures by transcutaneous puncture of the cephalic vein prior to dosing, and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dosing. Four dogs were administered twice with MOD-5014 during a period of up to 8 days, and 2 additional dogs were administered once. The study was designed as a dose-staggered escalating study, i.e. following each injection in-time clotting analysis determined the timing of the next dose.
During the in vivo phase, MOD-5014 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were analyzed, and WBCT, thromboelastography, aPTT, basic clinical pathology, and a clinical observation (based on animal behavior) were assessed. Bioanalytical assessment was conducted for the test article.
In Vivo Phase—Part A
During the first part, 2 naïve dogs were injected on day 1 with an initial dose of 50 μg/kg MOD-5014 and monitored for WBCT and TEG performance. Once these values returned to baseline (pre-dose), a second dose of 200 μg/kg MOD-5014 was injected. Table 94 presents the outline of Part A.







TABLE 94







Study design Part A



















injection






injection
Animal
Dose



Test
Injection
Dose
Dose
Weight
Volume


Animal
Article
time point
Route
(μg/kg)
(Kg)
(mL/animal)
















N06
MOD-5014
T = 0
IV
50
20
0.384


N06
MOD-5014
T = 48 hr
IV
200
20
1.538




(post initial








dose)






P14
MOD-5014
T = 0
IV
50
22.6
0.434


P14
MOD-5014
T = TBD
IV
200
22.6
1.736




(post initial








dose)









In Vivo Phase—Part B
During the second part and following the completion of the Part A, two additional naïve dogs were injected on day 1. The animals were again monitored for WBCT and TEG performance. Once those values returned to baseline (pre-dose), a second dose was injected. Table 95 presents the outline of Part B.







TABLE 95







Study design Part B



















injection






injection
Animal
Dose



Test
Injection
Dose
Dose
Weight
Volume


Animal
Article
time point
Route
(μg/kg)
(Kg)
(mL/animal)
















Blondie
MOD-5014
T = 0
IV
200
20.8
1.6


Blondie
MOD-5014
T = 48
IV
400
20.8
3.2




(post initial








dose)






Josie
MOD-5014
T = 0
IV
200
20.5
1.576


Josie
MOD-5014
T = 48
IV
400
20.5
3.15




(post initial








dose)









In Vivo Phase—Part C
During Part B and following the completing of Part A, two additional naïve dogs were injected on day 1 (Table 96).







TABLE 96







Study design of Part C



















injection






injection
Animal
Dose



Test
Injection
Dose
Dose
Weight
Volume


Animal
Article
time point
Route
(μg/kg)
(Kg)
(mL/animal





Joanie
MOD-5014
T = 0
IV
600
20.6
4.75


N05
MOD-5014
T = 0
IV
600
18.4
4.24









Justification for Route of Administration
The intravenous route is the intended route of administration of this test article in humans.
Justification of Dose Levels
The dose levels were selected on the basis of the proposed dose range which was previously tested for rhFVIIa and the dose range considered for further assessment in the Phase I study.
In order to assess the hemostatic potential of MOD-5014 which will enable the prediction of the minimal effective dose in Hemophilia A dogs prior to infusion, a range of doses was evaluated in WBCT and TEG spiking studies at a dose range that approximates the maximal expected level following in vivo IV administration. In both assays, spiking of MOD-5014 at the lowest dose (0.568 μg/mL, which corresponds to 50 μg/kg) demonstrated a minor improvement in hemostatic effect that improved as concentrations increased but without a complete normalization of TEG values, in line with Knudsen et al., 2011. Based on the obtained results the lowest dose to be further studied in vivo was the lowest assessed dose i.e. 50 μg/kg.
Administration
Administration was by IV. The test article was administered up to 2 times during 8 days. Approximately 10% of the test article was injected over  ̃1 min and the dog was observed for any obvious clinical reaction (e.g., urticaria and listlessness). When the dog was considered as tolerant to the injection, the remaining 90% was infused over 1 to 5 minutes. The injection time and volume were recorded.
Different doses were provided by varying the dose volume. Administration of test article was followed by a saline flush.
The animals were fasted prior to dosing.
Study Evaluations
Physical Examinations:
dogs underwent a general examination prior to study entry, and only those with normal general examinations were included.
Cage side observations: any concerns regarding the animal's behavior or general health noted in the clinical examination of the animal were recorded.
Detailed clinical observations: During the infusion phase of the study, blood sampling was performed.
Body weights were recorded at the start of the study and between Days 7 and 14 following study initiation.
Food consumption: Dogs were fed their usual amount of food on a daily basis and observed for food consumption.
Clinical Pathology
Clinical pathology evaluations were conducted on study animals at pre-dose. Platelet counts, WBC, HCT, and HGB were performed by FOBRL. Samples were collected for further clinical chemistry tests should any clinical events have occurred.
Plasma Analysis
Sample Collection and Handling
All blood samples were taken by transcutaneous puncture of the cephalic vein using a 21G or comparable butterfly needle. 10 mL of blood was collected in a 10 mL syringe containing 1 mL anticoagulant (3.2% sodium citrate [0.12M]). The sodium citrate was diluted 1:10 as the blood was collected, according to standard lab protocol. The 10 mL blood sample was transferred from the syringe to a 15 mL polypropylene conical tube and gently inverted to ensure mixing without hemolysis. The blood was then centrifuged at 3000 g for fifteen minutes without brake at 4° C. Following centrifugation, the plasma supernatant was transferred into new 15 mL polypropylene conical tube and centrifuged at 3000 g without brake at 4° C. for an additional 7 minutes, to ensure sufficient separation of plasma from other blood materials. After the second centrifugation, plasma from each sample was transferred by a polypropylene pipette to a polypropylene tube and immediately placed in a −80° C. freezer.
Multiple aliquots of 100 μL of plasma were transferred to Micronics tubes (or comparable) and frozen rapidly (−80° C.). Except for WBCT and TEG, all assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay [ELISA], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], and thrombin generation assay [TGA]) were performed in batch for all animals after the infusion and sampling were completed.
MOD-5014 ELISA
MOD-5014 ELISA was performed utilizing an assay that specifically and selectively detects MOD-5014, utilizing a commercially available anti-FVIIa antibody (Ab) and an in-house polyclonal anti-CTP Ab. Citrated plasma samples were collected at pre-dosing (i.e. baseline), 15 min, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 72, and 96 hours.
FVIIa Clotting Activity
FVIIa clotting activity was measured utilizing the commercially available STACLOT VIIa-rTF kit (Ref #00281, Stago) adjusted to quantitate FVIIa activity in hemophilic dog matrix.
WBCT
The WBCT assays were performed by a two-tube procedure at 28° C., and tested after collection. One mL of whole blood was collected with 1 mL syringe and was divided equally between two siliconized tubes (VacutainerTM, #6431, Becton-Dickinson, Rutherford, N.J.). The first tube was tilted every 30 sec. Following clot formation, the second tube was tilted and observed every 30 sec. The endpoint was the clotting time of the second tube. In this study, WBCT was performed by FOBRL at pre-dosing (i.e. baseline), 15 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, or until baseline values were reached.
TEG
Blood for TEG was drawn at each sampling point and tested at FOBRL/UNC within 2 min post-collection using the Haemoscope TEG 5000 Thromboelastography Analyzer according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, the first 3 mL of blood were discarded, then 1 mL of blood was drawn and mixed with Kaolin (Lot #A-30-05, provide by Haemoscope). 360 μL of this premixed blood/initiator was placed in the instrument and analyzed. TEG recordings were allowed to proceed for approximately 60-90 min. The test was performed at pre-dosing (i.e. baseline), 15 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, or until baseline values were reached.
aPTT
aPTT was determined at FOBRL/UNC using the ST4 coagulation instrument (Diagnostica Stago, Asnieres, France). The test mixture consisted of equal portions of partial thromboplastin reagent (Triniclot, Diagnostica Stago), 0.025 M CaCl2 and citrated test plasma. Samples were tested at pre-dosing (i.e. baseline), 15 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours.
Data Analysis
Non-compartmental analysis and pharmacokinetic modeling were performed on individual animal data with Phoenix WinNonlin version 6.3 (Pharsight Corporation, Sunnyvale, Calif.). Analysis was performed on MOD-5014 plasma concentration data as well as on activity data assuming an initial specific activity of 15,563 units/mg.
For non-compartmental analysis a program for IV infusion was used. The area under the curve from time zero to the last measurable time point (AUC0-t) was estimated using the trapezoidal method. Log-linear regression over the last three or more time points was used to estimate the elimination constant (λ) which was used to estimate the terminal half-life (t1/2) and AUC from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) from the following equations:

t1/2=ln(2)λ

AUC0-∞=AUC0-t+Ct/λ

where Ct is the last measurable concentration. Plasma clearance (CL) was calculated from dose divided by AUC0-∞. The maximum concentration (Cmax) and the time it was observed (Tmax) were determined directly from the data. Since the analysis was based on an IV infusion, the concentration at the start of infusion was set to 0 and an initial volume of distribution was not calculated.

For pharmacokinetic modeling, various models and fitting strategies were investigated including evaluation of one-, two-, and three-compartment models and different weighting schemes.
Models were evaluated based on the correlation of observed and predicted concentrations, the relative values of parameter estimates and error estimates, and the Akaike Inclusion Criterion, a mathematical evaluation for comparing one model to another.
Both plasma concentration and activity versus time data were described best by a two compartment model. Concentration data were weighted by the inverse of the square of the predicted concentration and activity data were weighted by the inverse of the predicted concentration. The weighting schemes prevent the early, high concentrations from exerting too much influence over the curve fit. The model is illustrated in FIG. 90.
The model generates estimates for the volume of distribution of the central compartment (V1), the elimination rate constant k10 and the inter-compartmental rate constants, k12 and k21. The central compartment is the compartment into which drug is administered and from which samples are collected, in this case, vascular space. The rate constants associated with the distribution and elimination phases of the curve, α and β, are calculated from to intercompartmental rate constants. Other parameters calculated from the primary parameters include AUC, Cmax, Tmax, CL, MRT and the half-lives associated with the distribution and elimination phases of the curve (t1/2α, t1/2β).
Results
Ex Vivo Study Results
WBCT
WBCT was measured following spiking of MOD-5014 to the blood of two individual hemophilic A dogs, at final concentrations ranging from 0-9.09 μg/mL, which are calculated to be equivalent to in vivo Cmax following administration of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/kg of MOD-5014, respectively. The baseline (pre) WBCT value was different between the two dogs, but within the acceptable range for Hemophilia A animals (see Table 97).







TABLE 97







WBCT Following MOD-5014 Spiking Canine Blood













Conc.
WBCT

Conc.
WBCT


Dog ID
(μg/mL)
(min)
Dog ID
(μg/mL)
(min)















P22
0 (Pre)
41.5
O93
0 (Pre)
52


P22
0.568
37
O93
0.568
42.5


P22
1.136
34.5
O93
1.136
45.5


P22
2.273
33.5
O93
2.273
41.5


P22
4.545
35.5
O93
4.545
40


P22
9.09
32.5
O93
9.09
34









Significant reduction in WBCT was observed as MOD-5014 concentration increased with optimal correction ( ̃30 min, based on internal laboratory assessment) at the highest range of MOD-5014 concentrations, as presented in Table 97 and FIG. 89.
For Dog P22, a lower WBCT baseline was observed and lower MOD-5014 concentrations were effective, while Dog 093 required higher MOD-5014 concentrations to reach the target WBCT value due to its higher baseline value.
Thromboelastography
MOD-5014 at a range of doses was spiked independently into whole blood from two Hemophilia A dogs and was used to simulate a relevant concentration in blood shortly after IV injection of doses ranging from 50-800 μg/kg. Kaolin-TEG parameters were improved at a dose dependent manner with some fluctuation and variability between the two individuals due to assay variability or technical error (Table 98).







TABLE 98







Effect of MOD-5014 spiked in canine hemophilia 


blood assessed by Kaolin-activated TEG 


Thromboelastography (Kaolin)


















Dog
Conc.
R
K

MA
Dog
Conc.
R
K

MA


ID
(μg/mL)
(min)
(min)
Angle
(mm)
ID
(μg/mL)
(min)
(min)
Angle
(mm)





















P22
0 (Pre)
>60.0
—
—
—
O93
0 (Pre)
>60.0
—
—
—


P22
0.568
43.4
23.2
9.3
38
O93
0.568
40.8
13.2
15.1
46.1


P22
1.136
37.2
12
17.7
48.4
O93
1.136
38.1
10.1
19.6
36.4


P22
2.273
41.9
24
9.6
49.4
O93
2.273
32.4
14.5
15.3
40.1


P22
4.545
32.8
12.2
17.7
49.3
O93
4.545
36.4
14.3
14.8
50.3


P22
9.09
26.8
n/a
12.6
n/a
O93
9.09
31.4
9.4
16.7
41.7









The obtained values were comparable to the ones reported at Knudsen et al 2011, for recombinant rhFVIIa, taking to account the reduced specific activity of MOD-5014 (2.3-2.5 fold reduction in FVIIa specific activity) and lower FVIIa content (72.3%).
Conclusion:
In both assays, the lowest dose of 0.568 μg/mL, which corresponds to 50 μg/kg, demonstrated an improvement in hemostatic effect which improved as concentrations increased without a complete normalization of TEG values, aligned with Knudsen et al 2011.
In Vivo Study Results:
In-Life Clinical Examinations
All infusions were well-tolerated. No injection site reactions were noted. No significant changes in hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, or platelet counts was noted. No changes in appetite or other behaviors were noted during the study period. Since no clinical events occurred during the study period, additional clinical chemistry parameters (e.g. liver enzymes and renal function) were not performed.
Plasma, Pharmacokinetic and Clotting Analysis
The pharmacokinetics data is presented in Tables 99 and 100 below.
FIG. 91 and FIG. 92 present the mean MOD-5014 plasma concentration and activity over time following IV infusion. Plasma concentrations show an initial, relatively fast decline over the first 8 to 12 hours followed by a slower decline. Activity declines over time falling below the lower limit of the assay (12.6 mU/mL) after about 32 hours in the 50 μg/kg group and beyond 48 hours in the 200 and 400 μg/kg groups. Activity data from the 600 μg/kg dose group at 72 hours and beyond are excluded from the analysis because the results were increasing with time and not consistent between the two animals.
FIGS. 93(A-B) through FIGS. 96(A-B) plot the concentration and activity together for each dog.
In the 50 and 200 μg/kg dose groups (FIGS. 93(A-B) and 94(A-D)), concentration and activity followed similar patterns through 8 to 12 hours after infusion and then concentrations tended to level off while activity continued to decline until it dropped below the level of the assay. In the 400 and 600 μg/kg groups (FIGS. 95(A-B) and 96(A-B)), activity appeared to drop somewhat faster than concentration starting immediately after infusion. Concentration curves tended to level off while activity curves declined faster until they dropped below the assay limit or, in the case of the 600 μg/kg group, were excluded from analysis.
Results of non-compartmental analysis are shown in Table 99 and Table 100 for concentration and activity data, respectively. Results of non-compartmental analysis indicated that AUC0-t was nearly as large as AUC0-∞ in all cases indicating that the duration of sampling was adequate to describe the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. FIGS. 97(A-J) and FIGS. 98(A-J) show the concentration and activity versus time for each dog. The estimated terminal slope is represented on these graphs by a solid line. Each graph also contains information related to the estimation of the terminal slope including the coefficient of determination (Rsq and Rsq_adjusted), the number of points used to estimate the slope, and the terminal t1/2 (HL_Lambda_z).
With one exception (in the 200 μg/kg group) plasma concentration and activity levels both were highest at the first time point measured (0.25 hr). Both concentration and activity were dose related and approximately dose proportional as indicated by the Cmax/Dose and CL parameters estimates across dose groups. By both concentration and activity measures, CL appeared to be somewhat faster at the lowest dose. At the lowest dose, concentrations and activity dropped below the assay limits after 32 hours, possibly limiting the full characterization of the pharmacokinetics at this dose. CL was similar based on concentration measurements compared to activity measurements. The t1/2 estimated based on concentrations were much longer after the 400 and 600 μg/kg doses (>40 hours) compared to the 200 μg/kg group (19.3 hours) and the 50 μg/kg group (7.76 hours). Terminal t1/2 based on activity was approximately 3 to 5 hours and similar across dose groups.
Estimates of AUC and CL based on the models agreed very well with those derived from non-compartmental analysis. The apparent volume of distribution derived from the models was approximately 90 to 120 mL/kg (larger in the low dose group) based on plasma concentrations and 40 to 70 mL/kg based on activity. The t1/2β estimated by the models for both plasma and activity measurements were very similar to the terminal t1/2 estimated by non-compartmental analysis.
MRT is an estimate of the time an individual drug molecule is in circulation. MRT estimates were consistent across dose groups based on activity, approximately 4 to 7 hours. Based on concentration, MRT was longer at the higher doses (approximately 25 hours) compared to the 200 and 50 μg/kg groups (16.6 and 11.7 hours, respectively).
Parameters calculated for concentration and activity data by non-compartmental analysis are summarized in the tables below. With the exception of the 50 μg/kg dose group in which the characterization of the pharmacokinetics may have been limited by assay sensitivity, plasma clearance was similar across dose groups when measured both by plasma concentration and by activity.







TABLE 99







Mean MOD-5014 Pharmacokinetic Parameters Based on


Concentration Measurements Following IV Infusion


in Dogs Estimated by Non-compartmental Analysis












Dose
Cmax
Tmax
AUC0-∞
CL
T1/2


(μg/kg)
(ng/mL)
(hr)
(hr * ng/mL)
(mL/hr/kg)
(hr)















50
371
0.250
2230
22.8
7.76


200
2210
0.313
15000
13.5
19.3


400
4380
0.250
38100
10.7
47.6


600
5280
0.250
47000
12.8
45.8
















TABLE 100







Mean MOD-5014 Pharmacokinetic 


Parameters Based on Activity Following IV 


Infusion in Dogs Estimated by Non-compartmental Analysis


















CL



Dose
Dose
Cmax
Tmax
AUC0-∞
(mL/
T1/2


(μg/kg)
Units/kg
(mU/mL)
(hr)
(hr * mU/mL)
hr/kg)
(hr)
















50
778.15
10800
0.250
29900
26.2
3.34


200
3,112.6
52100
0.250
172000
18.2
4.72


400
6,225.2
104000
0.250
404000
15.6
4.72


600
9,337.8
155000
0.250
700000
13.4
5.22









It was previously reported that, following administration of rhFVIIa to hemophilic dogs, its half-life based on antigen FVIIa level was 3 hr, and based on activity 1.8 hr (Knudsen et al., 2011, summarized below in Table 101).











TABLE 101










Concentration
Activity




Measurements
Measurements














CL
T1/2
CL
T1/2




(ml/hr/kg)
(hr)
(ml/hr/kg)
(hr)







NovoSeven ®
24.5
3
46.1
1.8



(270 μg/kg)







Knudsen et al. 2011










The attachment of CTP to FVIIa significantly increased the half-life to 19.3-45 hr and 4.72-5.22 based on antigen and activity level, respectively, thus extending product half-life by an average of 3-5-fold compared to reported data. Clearance was affected in a similar manner, and was significantly reduced by 2-3-fold as compared to Knudsen et al. 2011.
Whole Blood Clotting Time (WBCT) Analysis
WBCTs were tested after collection by FOBRL at pre-dosing (i.e. baseline), 15 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, with the aim to monitor it until baseline values were achieved. As presented in Table 102, the average pre-dose WBCT time of all animals was actually at the lower range of hemophilic dogs anticipated WBCT (50-35 min).







TABLE 102







WBCT Analysis

















Time
Blondie
Blondie
Joanie
Josie
Josie
N05
N06
N06
P14
P14


(hr)
200 ug/kg
400 ug/kg
600 ug/kg
200 ug/kg
400 ug/kg
600 ug/kg
50 ug/kg
200 ug/kg
50 ug/kg
200 ug/kg




















0
31
28
30
32.5
39.5
39.5
37
30.5
45
40.5


0.25
24.5
24
27
30
31
29.5
31
30
35.5
38


1
15.5
25
29.5
29
28
30.5
31.5
26.5
35.5
19


2
24
26
30.5
34
26.5
31
35
28
38.5
38


4
27
28
31
36
32
29.5
35.5
28
36
42


6
27
26
32
31.5
34
31
33.5
31
49
38.5


8
32.5
26.5
31.5
35.5
31
39.5
30.5
29.5
40
38


12
31
29
37.5
38.5
37
30
18
31
34.5
33


24
28.5
34
41
34
42
39.5
30.5
32.5
38
47


48
28
34
31
39.5
42
29
30.5
27.5
40.5
27.5


72
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a


96
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a


168
n/a
31
28
n/a
30
30.5
n/a
32
n/a
31


336
n/a
31.5
n/a
n/a
29
n/a
n/a
33.5
n/a
40









MOD-5014 Characterization in Hemophilic Dogs by Whole Blood Kaolin-Thromboelastography (WB Kaolin-TEG)
Kaolin-TEG parameters were monitored at designated time points post MOD-5014 administration for all dogs and at all doses. The objectives of this specific analysis were to characterize the kinetics of TEG with time, to assess the minimal dose in which normalization of the different parameters (R, K, Angle, Mass.) occurred across different animals, the dose-dependent response within individuals and to finally compare the overall TEG profile following MOD-5014 administration to published data for rhFVIIa at a similar dose range as well as to normal values obtained in healthy dogs (Knudsen et al., 2011). The individual data is provided in FIGS. 101 (A-D), 102 (A-D), 103 (A-D), 104 (A-D), 105 (A-D) and 106 (A-D).
MOD-5014 Whole Blood Kaolin-TEG Performance Following Administration at Different Doses
The initial dose of 50 μg/kg administered to 2 dogs was unable to significantly improve TEG performance, as reflected by poor R, K, angle and MA values post-administration (animal P14; FIGS. 102 (A-D)), but the majority of the parameters were improved when the dose was increased to 200 μg/kg. In the second animal (N06) TEG values were also not improved following administration of 50 μg/kg MOD-5014; this might be a consequence of the partially normalized TEG values at pre-dose, which potentially had a direct effect on the poor post-administration response, although no further improvement was observed post-dosing. Based on the above it was proposed that the 50 μg/kg dose is not adequate to support and correct the hemostatic defect in the tested dogs.
Administration of 200 μg/kg MOD-5014 in the majority of the animals corrected the TEG parameters to values which are still below normal range, yet provided an effect which is significantly more pronounced than the 50 μg/kg dose. At a dose of 400 μg/kg a slight improvement in TEG values and a prolonged response was obtained (FIGS. 102 (A-D); 103 (A-D) and 104 (A-D)). When dosing two different animals with 600 μg/kg, the response in one animal (Joanie; FIG. 105 (A-D)) was comparable to animals dosed with 400 μg/kg. While the K time, Angle and MA values in animal N05 (FIG. 106 (A-D)) reached the normal range, this might also be a consequence of improved pre-dose values and inter-animal variability. It appears that administration of MOD-5014 at a range of doses enabled partial correction of TEG values, while the optimal minimal effective dose was at the range of 200-400 μg/kg of MOD-5014.
Intra-Animal Variability of MOD-5014 Whole Blood Kaolin-TEG Dose-Dependent Response
An intra-animal dose-dependent improvement was observed when a higher dose was injected to the same animal. Some variation at different time points was observed, that could reflect normal biological variation (FIGS. 101 (A-D), 102 (A-D), 103 (A-D), 104 (A-D), 105 (A-D) and 106 (A-D)). The improvement was most pronounced when dosing at 200 and 400 μg/kg (Blondie and Josie), as presented in FIGS. 101 (A-D), 102 (A-D), 103 (A-D), 104 (A-D), 105 (A-D) and 106 (A-D).
Reproducibility of MOD-5014 Whole Blood Kaolin-TEG Results Between Individuals (Inter-Animal Variability)
As observed in FIGS. 101 (A-D), 102 (A-D), 103 (A-D), 104 (A-D), 105 (A-D) and 106 (A-D), although animals corrected TEG values following administration of MOD-5014, they demonstrated different profiles through the time of measurement. This might be a result of biological variability, considering the different genetic background of each animal and the slight differences in pre-dose values. The observed variation actually mimics the clinical setting, in which individual TEG values may vary between individuals receiving similar dosing, and may eventually translate to different efficacy and bleeding control capability of FVIIa.
MOD-5014 as a Long-Acting Product
Comparison of the correction capability of MOD-5014 and rhFVIIa suggests that MOD-5014 maximum and minimum values are very similar to the results reported for hFVIIa. However, a marked improvement in the duration of the reaction was observed with MOD-5014. Following hFVIIa administration the majority of the hFVIIa analyzed parameters dropped back to baseline 4 hours post-dosing (FIGS. 107(A-D)), while MOD-5014 enables an extended effect reaching baseline values 24 hours post-dosing and provides a more sustained and prolonged response (FIGS. 108(A-D); marked with black arrows). The data suggests that the duration of the TEG response correlates to FVIIa short PK-PD profile in hemophilic dogs, which was further investigated, subsequently confirming the extended response following MOD-5014 administration.
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) Performance
Using the Triniclot reagent as activator and a 60 second incubation, the aPTT values for canine hemophilia A plasma were 65.6 seconds (data not shown). Following MOD-5014 administration, aPTT was reduced in a dose-dependent manner down to 40 sec. When comparing this information to previously reported data, it was found to be very similar to the values obtained pre- and post-administration of 193 μg/kg rhFVIIa to a FVIII-deficient dog (Brinkhous et al., 1989), while a retrospective analysis suggests a prolonged effect when administrating 200 μg/kg MOD-5014, with a subsequent return to baseline aPTT values 24 hours post-dosing.
Conclusions:
In this study, the safety, PK, PD and hemophilic coagulopathy correction ability of a novel, long-acting FVIIa (MOD-5014) was assessed in FVIII-deficient dogs. MOD-5014 was administered in relevant clinical doses, while the potential minimal effective dose in the dogs was initially established based on an ex vivo study.
MOD-5014 was well tolerated by all dogs and no adverse events were observed. Dose-dependent response was observed in both the PK and PD (activation measurement) analyses, further confirming the long-acting properties of MOD-5014 in comparison to published parameters (Knudsen et al. 2011).
Recombinant human FVIIa has been shown previously to be efficacious in treating hemophilic canine bleeds. A marked improvement of TEG coagulation profile was observed following administration of MOD-5014 at doses of 200-400 μg/kg, while a lower dose of 50 μg/kg was unable to correct TEG values, suggesting that it is below the minimal effective dose in dogs. A dose-dependent response was observed following MOD-5014 administration, while inter-individual variation was higher than expected and might be a consequence of biological variability. When comparing MOD-5014 performance to published data, MOD-5014 had a pronounced and prolonged effect at lower doses (270 and 200 μg/kg, respectively). MOD-5014 in vivo activity was also reflected by a reduction in aPTT values, further confirming a sustained activation of the coagulation system.
In general, testing MOD-5014 in hemophilic dogs offers several advantages over rodent models such as mice and rats. Hemophilic dogs exhibit a disease phenotype closely recapitulating that of humans; moreover, dogs are more comparable with humans in regard to body weight as well as to FVIIa dosing requirements and to pharmacokinetic characteristics.
Overall, this study further confirmed the longevity of MOD-5014 in a relevant, well-established model previously shown to provide an accurate recapitulation of human biology, specifically with respect to hemostasis. The data obtained in this study have significant value and provide the first evidence that MOD-5014 is a safe and effective long-acting FVIIa in large animals that can be used potentially as an agent for both prophylactic and on-demand treatment of hemophilic patients with inhibitors. Thus, MOD-5014 has a tremendous potential to significantly benefit patients by reducing the frequency of administration and enabling prophylactic use.
While certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents will now occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.

## Claims

1. A polynucleotide molecule consisting of a coding portion encoding a CTP-modified polypeptide consisting of a coagulation factor and three chorionic gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) attached to the carboxy terminus of said coagulation factor, wherein said coagulation factor is Factor IX, or is Factor VII, or is activated Factor VII (FVIIa), and wherein said encoded CTP-modified polypeptide has coagulation activity.

2. The polynucleotide molecule of claim 1, wherein the sequence of at least one CTP is selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2.

3. The polynucleotide molecule of claim 1, wherein at least one CTP is truncated.

4. The polynucleotide molecule of claim 1, wherein said coagulation factor is a vitamin K dependent glycoprotein.

5. The polynucleotide molecule of claim 1, wherein said coagulation factor is Factor IX, and said polynucleotide molecule has the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30.

6. The polynucleotide molecule of claim 1, wherein said coagulation factor is Factor VII, and said polynucleotide molecule has the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24.

7. The polynucleotide molecule of claim 1, wherein said coagulation factor is activated FVII (FVIIa), and said polynucleotide molecule has the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24.

8. An expression vector comprising the polynucleotide molecule of claim 1.

9. An isolated cell comprising the expression vector of claim 8.

10. A composition comprising the expression vector of claim 9.