1

Technical information: (202) 691-6392

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 05-111

For release: 10:00 A.M. EST

Wednesday, January 26, 2005

 http://www.bls.gov/mls/

MASS LAYOFFS IN DECEMBER 2004 AND ANNUAL AVERAGES FOR 2004

In December 2004, employers took 1,614 mass layoff actions, as measured by new filings for unemployment insurance benefits during the month, according to data from the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of

Labor Statistics. Each action involved at least 50 persons from a single establishment, and the number of

workers involved totaled 161,271. (See table 1.) The number of events was the lowest for any December

since 1999, and the number of initial claims was the lowest for any December since 1995 when data became

available.

The layoff events in December bring the total for all of 2004 to 15,980 and the total number of initial

claimants from such events to 1,607,158. The annual totals were lower than in 2003 (18,963 events and

1,888,926 initial claims) and were the lowest annual totals for events since 2000 and for initial claims 

since 1999. Additional information on the annual data is provided starting on page 3 of this release.

Industry Distribution

The 10 industries reporting the highest number of mass-layoff initial claims accounted for 57,388 initial

claims in December, 36 percent of the total. (See table A.) Highway, street, and bridge construction, with

14,348 initial claims, accounted for 9 percent of all initial claims in December. None of these industries

reached December peaks in 2004.

The manufacturing sector accounted for 27 percent of all mass layoff events and 31 percent of all

initial claims filed in December. These were the smallest shares for manufacturing in any December since

the monthly series began in 1995. A year ago, in December 2003, manufacturing comprised 34 percent

of events and 40 percent of initial claims. Within manufacturing, the number of claimants was highest in

transportation equipment (12,547, mostly in travel trailer and camper manufacturing), followed by food

processing (6,309) and electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing (3,741). (See table 2.)

Construction accounted for 21 percent of events and 17 percent of initial claims filed in December, with

layoffs mainly in highway, street, and bridge construction. Nine percent of all layoff events and initial claims

filed during the month were from accommodation and food services, mostly among food service contractors.

Administrative and waste services accounted for 10 percent of events and 8 percent of initial claims, largely

in temporary help services. An additional 6 percent of events and 7 percent of initial claims were from transportation and warehousing, mostly from school and employee bus transportation.
2

Table A. Industries with the largest mass-layoff initial claims in December 2004p

Industry

Initial claims

December peak

Year

Initial claims

Highway, street, and bridge construction ............... 2000 17,277

Food service contractors....................................... 2003 9,229

School and employee bus transportation................ 8,636 1996 13,146

Temporary help services........................................ 6,328 2001 14,929

Motion picture and video production..................... 6,235 1998 16,192

Payroll services ..................................................... 3,064 2000 6,268

Household refrigerator and home freezer mfg. ....... 2,850 2000 5,758

Professional employer organizations ....................... 2,752 2000 4,032

Ready-mix concrete manufacturing ........................ 2,191 2000 2,523

Hotels and motels, except casino hotels................. 2,161 2,664

p=preliminary.

 8,823

 14,348

2000

Government establishments accounted for 5 percent of events and 4 percent of initial claims filed in December, mostly in educational services.

Compared with December 2003, the largest decreases in initial claims were reported in transportation

equipment manufacturing (-8,514), administrative and support services (-4,204), transit and ground passenger transportation (-3,388), and textile mills (-3,050). The largest over-the-year increases in initial claims

were reported in motion picture and sound recording industries (+4,329).

Geographic Distribution

Among the four census regions, the highest number of initial claims in December due to mass layoffs was

reported in the Midwest, 61,277. (See table 3.) Transportation equipment manufacturing and heavy and

civil engineering construction accounted for 31 percent of all mass-layoff initial claims in that region during the

month. The West region had the second largest number of initial claims, 42,659, followed by the South, with

29,948, and the Northeast, with 27,387.

The number of initial claimants in mass layoffs fell over the year in three of the four regions. The largest

decrease was in the Midwest (-26,529), followed by the Northeast (-7,050) and the South (-2,519). The

West reported an over-the-year increase in initial claims (+4,736). Seven of the nine geographic divisions

had over-the-year decreases in the number of initial claims associated with mass layoffs, with the largest decreases in the East North Central (-22,204), and Middle Atlantic (-5,040) divisions. The over-the-year increases were in the Pacific (+6,466) and East South Central (+2,485) divisions.

Among the states, California recorded the highest number of initial claims filed due to mass layoff events

in December (32,279), mostly in motion picture and sound recording industries and in administrative and support services. Michigan was next highest with 10,841 initial claims reported, followed by Illinois (10,222),

Pennsylvania (9,413) and Indiana (9,331). These five states accounted for 45 percent of all mass layoff

events and initial claims for unemployment insurance. (See table 4.)

Indiana reported the largest over-the-year decrease in the number of initial claims (-5,999), followed by

Ohio (-5,383), Illinois (-4,784), and Wisconsin (-4,604). The largest over-the-year increases occurred in

California (+6,326) and Kentucky (+4,479).
3

Table B. Number of mass layoff events and initial claimants

for unemployment insurance, 1996-2004

p

Year

 Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance Layoff events

1996 ............... 1,437,628

1997 ............... 14,960 1,542,543

1998 ............... 15,904 1,771,069

1999 ............... 14,909 1,572,399

2000 ............... 15,738 1,835,592

2001 ............... 21,467 2,514,862

2002 ............... 20,277 2,245,051

2003 ............... 18,963 1,888,926

2004 ............... 15,980 1,607,158

p=preliminary.

 14,111

Review of 2004

During 2004, 15,980 mass layoff events occurred in the nation, resulting in 1,607,158 initial claims filings

for unemployment insurance. In 2003, there were 18,963 such events and 1,888,926 initial claimants. (See

table B.)

The 10 industries with the highest number of mass-layoff initial claims accounted for 27 percent of the

total in 2004. (See table C.) In 2003 they comprised 25 percent of the total.

Manufacturing accounted for 29 percent of all mass layoff events and 35 percent of initial claims filed

during 2004. These were the lowest shares of events and initial claims in manufacturing for any year which

data are available. In 2003, manufacturing accounted for 32 percent of events and 39 percent of initial

claims. Within manufacturing, initial claim filings in 2004 were most numerous in transportation equipment,

163,026, followed by food processing, 82,114, and fabricated metal products, 30,672. The largest overthe-year decrease in initial claims in manufacturing occurred in machinery manufacturing (-31,963) and

computer and electronic products (-25,658). The largest over-the-year increase in initial claims occurred

in printing and related support activities (+558).

The number of initial claims filed in 2004 due to mass layoffs was higher in the West, 495,554, than in

any other region. Layoffs in administrative and support services, motion picture and sound recording, and

agricultural and forestry support activities accounted for 33 percent of the claims in the West. The fewest

number of mass-layoff initial claims was reported in the Northeast region, 270,788. For the third consecutive year, the number of mass-layoff initial claims fell in each of the four regions. The largest decreases in

initial claims were in the West (-99,383) and South (-79,826).

Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, California recorded the largest number of initial claims

filed in mass layoff events in 2004 (394,114), 25 percent of the national total. The states with the next highest numbers of initial claims were Michigan (99,124), New York (95,228), Pennsylvania (89,288), and Ohio

(86,850). Half of all events and 48 percent of all initial claims were from these five states.

California reported the largest over-the-year decrease in initial claims (-73,459), followed by Texas

(-27,538), and Pennsylvania (-23,068). The largest over-the-year increase occurred in Michigan (+32,258).
4

Table C. Industries with the largest mass-layoff initial claims in 2004 p

Industry Initial claims

2003

Initial claims Rank

Temporary help services....................................... 1 119,738 1

School and employee bus transportation............... 2 61,465 2

Motion picture and video production.................... 50,030 3 46,006 3

Food service contractors...................................... 42,920 4 37,446 5

Highway, street, and bridge construction .............. 36,853 5 38,635 4

Automobile manufacturing..................................... 35,520 6 36,152 6

Professional employer organizations ...................... 31,434 7 32,031 8

Elementary and secondary schools ....................... 27,648 8 35,494 7

Discount department stores .................................. 22,540 9 24,301 11

Farm labor contractors and crew leaders ............. 22,394 28,967 10

p=preliminary.

 64,663

 103,868

 10

2004

Rank

Note

The monthly data series in this release cover mass layoffs of 50 or more workers beginning in

a given month, regardless of the duration of the layoffs. For private nonfarm establishments, information on the length of the layoff is obtained later and issued in a quarterly release that reports on

mass layoffs lasting more than 30 days (referred to as “extended mass layoffs”). The quarterly release provides more information on the industry classification and location of the establishment and

on the demographics of the laidoff workers. Because monthly figures include short-term layoffs of

30 days or less, the sum of the figures for the 3 months in a quarter will be higher than the quarterly

figure for mass layoffs of more than 30 days. (See table 1.) See the Technical Note for more detailed definitions.

______________________________

The report on Extended Mass Layoffs in the Fourth Quarter of 2004 is scheduled to be released

on Wednesday, February 16, 2005. The report on Mass Layoffs in January 2005 is scheduled to

be released on Thursday, February 24, 2005.

Addition of Seasonally Adjusted Data

Beginning with the release of data for January 2005 on February 24, 2005, the Bureau of

Labor Statistics will publish seasonally adjusted mass layoff data series as well as an analysis of

significant over-the-month changes in those series. Seasonal adjustment accounts for the effects

of events that follow a more or less regular pattern each year, making it easier to observe the

cyclical and other nonseasonal movements. Initially, six mass layoff series will be seasonally

adjusted—the number of layoff events and the number of associated initial claims for

unemployment insurance for the U.S. total, the private nonfarm sector, and the manufacturing

sector. Historical data for each of these series will be available from April 1995 forward.
Technical Note

The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state

program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying,

describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data

from each state’s unemployment insurance database. Each month,

states report on establishments which have at least 50 initial claims

filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period. These

establishments then are contacted by the state agency to determine

whether these separations lasted 31 days or longer, and, if so, other

information concerning the layoff is collected. States report on layoffs

lasting more than 1 month on a quarterly basis.

A given month contains an aggregation of the weekly unemployment

insurance claims filings for the Sunday through Saturday weeks in that

month. All weeks are included for the particular month, except if the

first day of the month falls on Saturday. In this case, the week is

included in the prior month's tabulations. This means that some

months will contain 4 weeks and others 5 weeks, and the number of

weeks in a given month may be different from year to year. Therefore,

analysis of over-the-month and over-the-year change should take this

calendar effect into consideration.

The MLS program resumed operations in April 1995 after it

had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. Prior

to April 1995, monthly layoff statistics were not available.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200;

TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Definitions

Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent

period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of

eligibility.

Mass layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment

insurance benefits filed against an establishment during a 5-week

period, regardless of duration.
Table 1. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, October 2002 to December 2004

Extended mass layoffs 

lasting more than 30 days Realization rates 1

Events Initial

claimants Events Initialclaimants Events Initialclaimants Events Initialclaimants

2002

October ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,497 171,100 1,270 149,327 

November ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,153 240,171 1,860 216,237 

December ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,474 264,158 2,324 252,807 

Fourth Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6,124 675,429 5,454 618,371 1,916 370,592 35.1 59.9 

2003

January ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,315 225,430 2,130 210,918 

February ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,363 124,965 1,222 116,264 

March ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,207 113,026 1,099 104,468 

First Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,885 463,421 4,451 431,650 1,502 297,608 33.7 68.9 

April ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,581 161,412 1,470 152,937 

May ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,703 174,204 1,538 160,729 

June ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,691 157,552 1,336 127,743 

Second Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,975 493,168 4,344 441,409 1,799 348,966 41.4 79.1 

July ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,087 226,435 1,815 206,901 

August ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,258 133,839 1,163 124,131 

September ..................................................................................................................................................................... 868 82,647 756 73,914 

Third Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,213 442,921 3,734 404,946 1,190 227,909 31.9 56.3 

October ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,523 158,240 1,265 137,706 

November ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,438 138,543 1,234 123,524 

December ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,929 192,633 1,793 182,750 

Fourth Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,890 489,416 4,292 443,980 1,690 326,328 39.4 73.5 

2004

January ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,428 239,454 2,226 220,687 

February ..................................................................................................................................................................... 941 84,201 832 76,577 

March ..................................................................................................................................................................... 920 92,554 847 87,782 

First Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,289 416,209 3,905 385,046 1,339 238,056 34.3 61.8 

April ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,458 157,314 1,316 142,657 

May ..................................................................................................................................................................... 988 87,501 878 78,786 

June ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,379 134,588 1,077 110,804 

Second Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3,825 379,403 3,271 332,247 1,359 251,970 41.5 75.8 

July ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,094 253,929 1,860 234,877 

August ..................................................................................................................................................................... 809 69,033 745 63,876 

September ..................................................................................................................................................................... 708 68,972 637 63,102 

Third Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3,611 391,934 3,242 361,855 2.p 780 2,p 101,456 p24.1 p28.0

October ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,242 127,918 1,101 117,375 

Novemberp .................................................................................................................................................................... 1,399 130,423 1,201 115,549 

Decemberp.................................................................................................................................................................... 1,614 161,271 1,487 152,092 

Fourth Quarterp .................................................................................................................................................................... 4,255 419,612 3,789 385,016 

 1 The event realization rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm data on these layoffs become available. Experience suggests that the

mass layoff events lasting more than 30 days. The initial claimant realization number of extended mass layoff events is generally revised upwards

rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm mass layoff initial claimants by less than 10 percent and the number of initial claimants associated

associated with layoffs lasting more than 30 days. with such events increases by 25-40 percent.

 2 These quarterly numbers are provisional and will be revised as more p = preliminary.

Mass layoffs

Total mass layoffs

Private nonfarm

Date
Table 2. Industry distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

Industry

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

December October November December December October November December

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,929 1,242 1,399 1,614 192,633 127,918 130,423 161,271 

Total, private ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,846 1,177 1,336 1,527 185,928 122,402 125,008 154,496 

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 53 76 135 40 3,178 5,027 9,459 2,404 

 Total, private nonfarm....................................................... 1,793 1,101 1,201 1,487 182,750 117,375 115,549 152,092 

 Mining ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 8 7 18 1,937 946 701 1,492 

 Utilities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 6 160 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,395 

 Construction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 335 126 231 342 25,684 9,512 17,884 27,433 

 Manufacturing..................................................................................................................................................................... 648 372 412 436 77,915 48,265 44,243 50,726 

 Food ..................................................................................................................................................................... 89 78 77 59 9,285 9,049 7,717 6,309 

 Beverage and tobacco products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 16 6 7 781 1,316 387 497 

 Textile mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31 10 15 15 4,299 1,041 1,767 1,249 

 Textile product mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 8 7 8 2,102 732 638 932 

 Apparel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 32 18 20 16 3,232 1,338 2,154 2,720 

 Leather and allied products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 4 842 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 757 

 Wood products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 55 16 32 25 5,000 2,744 3,437 2,346 

 Paper ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 9 7 7 934 580 530 575 

 Printing and related support activities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 8 9 3 627 548 610 331 

 Petroleum and coal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 11 863 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,126 

 Chemicals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 6 7 8 735 380 525 669 

 Plastics and rubber products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40 18 17 30 3,579 1,451 1,385 2,327 

 Nonmetallic mineral products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 49 10 24 32 4,079 779 2,126 3,168 

 Primary metals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33 15 18 23 3,421 2,312 1,616 2,246 

 Fabricated metal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 18 28 34 4,045 1,855 2,548 2,546 

 Machinery ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24 19 25 16 3,629 4,224 4,583 2,218 

 Computer and electronic products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19 18 27 19 1,408 1,416 2,534 2,039 

 Electrical equipment and appliances ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 17 13 13 4,726 2,573 1,757 3,741 

 Transportation equipment ..................................................................................................................................................................... 122 58 53 85 21,061 12,733 6,961 12,547 

 Furniture and related products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 13 16 13 1,607 1,637 1,548 1,096 

 Miscellaneous manufacturing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 11 5 8 1,660 1,027 975 1,287 

 Wholesale trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 11 24 18 2,443 1,412 2,196 1,853 

 Retail trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 98 98 65 80 9,203 8,550 6,498 8,092 

 Transportation and warehousing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 131 34 32 96 15,528 2,608 2,900 10,687 

 Information ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40 36 45 30 3,839 7,597 5,492 8,002 

 Finance and insurance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 33 22 18 1,764 2,914 1,442 1,455 

 Real estate and rental and leasing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 10 ( 2

 ) 4 562 697 ( 2 ) 249 

 Professional and technical services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 24 22 48 6,095 3,994 2,303 5,955 

 Management of companies and enterprises ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 3 296 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 296 

 Administrative and waste services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 200 188 187 163 17,256 15,202 17,370 13,192 

 Educational services.................................................................................................................. 6 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 4 327 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 245 

 Health care and social assistance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 34 27 28 2,075 2,793 2,012 2,539 

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 30 25 30 1,795 2,424 2,126 1,967 

 Accommodation and food services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 131 82 81 146 14,701 9,152 8,995 14,923 

 Other services, except public administration..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 6 10 13 955 482 647 1,342 

 Unclassified ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 3 1 4 215 309 40 249 

Government ..................................................................................................................................................................... 83 65 63 87 6,705 5,516 5,415 6,775 

 Federal ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 22 12 8 1,419 2,185 1,290 842 

 State ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 19 25 16 830 1,648 2,342 1,472 

 Local ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60 24 26 63 4,456 1,683 1,783 4,461 

 

1

 Data were reported by all states and the District of Columbia. p = preliminary.

 

2

 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
Table 3. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by census region and division

Census region and division

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

December October November December December October November December

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 United States1

 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,929 1,242 1,399 1,614 192,633 127,918 130,423 161,271 

Northeast ..................................................................................................................................................................... 350 189 198 285 34,437 17,563 19,346 27,387 

 New England ..................................................................................................................................................................... 66 17 26 47 6,904 1,345 1,998 4,894 

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 284 172 172 238 27,533 16,218 17,348 22,493 

South ..................................................................................................................................................................... 335 323 255 288 32,467 30,246 24,573 29,948 

 South Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 192 190 116 140 17,903 15,237 10,333 13,620 

 East South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 59 58 42 76 6,510 5,750 4,651 8,995 

 West South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 84 75 97 72 8,054 9,259 9,589 7,333 

Midwest ..................................................................................................................................................................... 780 280 389 588 87,806 35,859 39,650 61,277 

 East North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 596 219 306 414 64,802 26,965 29,986 42,598 

 West North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 184 61 83 174 23,004 8,894 9,664 18,679 

West ..................................................................................................................................................................... 464 450 557 453 37,923 44,250 46,854 42,659 

 Mountain ..................................................................................................................................................................... 63 43 59 60 7,025 3,610 6,470 5,295 

 Pacific ..................................................................................................................................................................... 401 407 498 393 30,898 40,640 40,384 37,364 

 

 

1

 See footnote 1, table 2. Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central:

 

 

p

 = preliminary. Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, 

 NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, 

the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, 

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, 

Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, 

Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

 
Table 4. State distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

State

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

December October November December December October November December

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,929 1,242 1,399 1,614 192,633 127,918 130,423 161,271 

Alabama ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 12 9 22 3,728 1,477 915 2,244 

Alaska ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 5 7 ( 2

 ) 213 423 686 ( 2 ) 

Arizona ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 11 3 5 551 868 255 358 

Arkansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 3 11 3 656 642 1,477 218 

California ..................................................................................................................................................................... 346 346 429 344 25,953 34,896 34,089 32,279 

Colorado ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 10 7 13 1,107 829 533 1,347 

Connecticut ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 5 1,166 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 510 

Delaware ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – – – ( 2 ) – – –

District of Columbia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 – – ( 2

 ) 287 – – ( 2 ) 

Florida ..................................................................................................................................................................... 63 143 43 44 4,826 9,737 3,107 3,567 

Georgia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31 16 19 37 3,354 1,977 1,809 3,082 

Hawaii ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 4 ( 2

 ) – 506 260 ( 2 ) –

Idaho ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 3 16 10 1,647 281 1,888 736 

Illinois ..................................................................................................................................................................... 123 56 63 99 15,006 8,019 6,462 10,222 

Indiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 108 24 40 68 15,330 2,235 5,129 9,331 

Iowa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 46 12 14 36 5,305 1,645 1,159 3,442 

Kansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 5 6 16 3,518 398 1,090 1,864 

Kentucky ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 27 19 38 995 2,792 2,160 5,474 

Louisiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 11 19 16 991 714 1,789 1,297 

Maine ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3 4 7 424 207 328 570 

Maryland ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 5 4 7 1,119 544 347 924 

Massachusetts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24 6 15 15 2,568 437 1,108 2,085 

Michigan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 135 40 63 115 12,275 3,768 5,032 10,841 

Minnesota ..................................................................................................................................................................... 51 15 35 55 6,342 1,390 4,260 6,064 

Mississippi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 10 – ( 2

 ) 450 615 – ( 2 ) 

Missouri ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45 21 23 41 6,180 4,723 2,773 5,231 

Montana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 5 7 6 918 545 1,023 474 

Nebraska ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 7 ( 2

 ) 18 1,411 666 ( 2 ) 1,375 

Nevada ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 10 19 17 2,351 755 2,219 1,630 

New Hampshire ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 4 – 5 ( 2 ) 292 – 423 

New Jersey ..................................................................................................................................................................... 76 35 42 46 6,895 3,294 5,386 4,979 

New Mexico ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) 4 5 278 ( 2 ) 384 319 

New York ..................................................................................................................................................................... 88 52 55 88 9,448 5,263 4,362 8,101 

North Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 5 24 16 1,857 417 2,294 1,187 

North Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 3 6 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 238 526 

Ohio ..................................................................................................................................................................... 117 54 49 67 10,693 8,193 4,219 5,310 

Oklahoma ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 6 9 13 1,278 1,382 845 1,041 

Oregon ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 29 31 23 2,498 2,536 2,886 2,798 

Pennsylvania ..................................................................................................................................................................... 120 85 75 104 11,190 7,661 7,600 9,413 

Rhode Island ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 ( 2

 ) 4 7 1,775 ( 2 ) 372 628 

South Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 10 13 11 2,713 688 1,619 1,679 

South Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Tennessee ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 9 14 15 1,337 866 1,576 1,219 

Texas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 51 55 58 40 5,129 6,521 5,478 4,777 

Utah ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) 431 

Vermont ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 8 794 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 678 

Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 34 9 10 21 3,372 1,555 976 2,836 

Washington ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 23 29 24 1,728 2,525 2,536 2,149 

West Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) 3 3 176 ( 2 ) 181 276 

Wisconsin ..................................................................................................................................................................... 113 45 91 65 11,498 4,750 9,144 6,894 

Wyoming ..................................................................................................................................................................... – 3 ( 2

 ) – – 268 ( 2 ) –

Puerto Rico ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 8 6 10 486 693 562 706 

 1 See footnote 1, table 2. p

 = preliminary.

 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero.