U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – JULY 2020

U.S. import prices increased 0.7 percent in July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

following a 1.4-percent advance in June and a 0.7-percent rise in May. The increases for all 3 months were 

primarily driven by higher fuel prices. The price index for U.S. exports advanced 0.8 percent in July, after 

rising 1.2 percent the previous month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: July 2019 – July 2020

Imports 

U.S. import prices rose for the third consecutive month in July, increasing 0.7 percent for the month and 2.8 

percent from April to July, the largest 3-month advance since May 2011. The July advance was led by rising 

fuel prices; nonfuel prices also contributed to the increase. Despite the advance over the past 3 months, the 

price index for U.S. imports declined 3.3 percent over the past year. (See table 1.)

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on July 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make any changes to either the collection method or estimation 

methodology for the July release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for July

were 4.9-percentage points lower than those in July 2019. A small number of indexes that are normally 

published were not published in July. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/importexport-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-july-2020.htm. 

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, August 13, 2020 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

USDL-20-1554
2

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices advanced 6.9 percent in July, after increasing 21.9 percent and 13.7 

percent the 2 previous months. The 48.2-percent rise from April to July was the largest 3-month advance 

since the index increased 58.6 percent in the third quarter of 1990. Despite the recent increases, import fuel 

prices fell 32.8 percent over the past 12 months. In July, a 7.8-percent advance in petroleum prices more 

than offset a 9.1-percent decline in natural gas prices. The July rise in petroleum prices followed increases 

of 23.1 percent in June and 14.3 percent in May; import petroleum prices fell 34.6 percent over the past 

year. In contrast, natural gas prices advanced 45.1 percent for the year ended in July. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports advanced 0.2 percent in July following 

increases of 0.3 percent in June and 0.1 percent in May. In July, the rise was driven by higher prices for 

nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, and consumer goods which more than offset lower 

prices for foods, feeds, and beverages and automotive vehicles. Prices for nonfuel imports were unchanged 

from July 2019 to July 2020. 

 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials rose 1.2 

percent in July, after increasing 1.3 percent the previous month. The July advance was led by higher prices 

for unfinished metals and lumber. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in July. Capital goods prices rose 0.3 percent, the largest 

monthly advance since February 2018. The price index for consumer goods increased 0.2 percent, led by 

higher prices for nontextile apparel goods and medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical materials. In contrast, 

prices for automotive vehicles decreased 0.2 percent in July. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 1.2 percent in July, 

after a 0.4-percent drop in June. The July decline was driven by a 10.4-percent drop in meat prices and a 

5.5-percent fall in fruit prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: July 2019 – July 2020 

Exports 

U.S. export prices advanced 0.8 percent in July following a 1.2-percent increase the previous month. Higher 

prices for nonagricultural exports and agricultural exports both contributed to the July rise. Despite the 

upturn in the past 2 months, the price index for U.S. exports decreased 4.4 percent for the year ended in 

July. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices advanced 1.5 percent for the second consecutive month in 

July, the first monthly increases since January. In July, rising prices for soybeans, dairy products, corn, 

vegetables, cotton, and fruit more than offset falling prices for meat, nuts, and wheat. Prices for agricultural 

exports declined 3.3 percent over the past 12 months, led by a 15.4-perent decrease in corn prices, a 21.6-

percent drop in nut prices, and a 5.7-percent fall in meat prices. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 0.7 percent in 

July, after advancing 1.2 percent in June. The July rise was primarily driven by increasing prices for 

nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials; rising prices for capital goods and consumer goods also 

contributed to the overall advance. In contrast, automotive vehicles prices and prices for nonagricultural 

foods, feeds, and beverages declined in July. Despite the increases in the past 2 months, nonagricultural 

prices declined 4.6 percent over the past year. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials exports rose 2.1 percent in July following advances of 4.2 percent in June and 0.2 percent in May. 

The index rose 6.6 percent from April to July, after decreasing 16.9 percent the previous 3 months. The July 

increase was led by a 4.7-percent advance in export fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in July. The price index for export capital goods rose 

0.2 percent following declines of 0.2 percent in June and 0.1 percent in May. Consumer goods prices 

advanced 0.5 percent in July, the largest 1-month increase since July 2016. The July 2020 rise followed 

decreases in each of the previous 4 months and was driven by a 1.4-percent advance in prices for medicinal, 

dental, and pharmaceutical materials. In contrast, prices for automotive vehicles fell 0.3 percent, after 

edging down 0.1 percent in June, May, and April. 

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Jul'19 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China rose 0.2 percent in July, after no change the 

previous month. The price index for imports from China fell 0.5 percent from July 2019 to July 2020, the 

smallest 12-month decrease since January 2019. Prices for imports from Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in July 

following a 0.3-percent increase in June and a 0.3-percent decrease in May. Import prices from Japan also 

rose 0.1 percent over the past year. Prices for imports from Canada advanced 2.3 percent in July, after rising 

13.1 percent in June. Both monthly increases were driven by higher petroleum prices. The price index for 

imports from Canada declined 10.1 percent over the past 12 months. Import prices from the European Union 

increased 0.6 percent in July and prices for imports from Mexico rose 0.1 percent. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China rose 1.2 percent in July, after increasing 

1.5 percent in June and 1.0 percent in May. The 3.7-percent advance from April to July was the largest 3-

month rise since the index was first published in December 2017. Despite the recent advances, export prices 

to China decreased 3.5 percent for the year ended in July. The price index for exports to Japan increased 0.7 

percent in July following a 2.6-percent rise the previous month. Prices for exports to Japan declined over the 

past 12 months, falling 4.8 percent. Export prices to Canada advanced 1.1 percent in July, the largest 

monthly increase since the index rose 1.5 percent in March 2019. The July advance followed 0.5-percent

and 0.1-percent increases the previous 2 months. Despite the recent advances, prices for exports to Canada 

declined 4.5 percent over the past year. The price indexes for exports to the European Union and Mexico 

also rose in July, increasing 1.0 percent and 0.9 percent, respectively. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 

increased 0.9 percent in July, after advancing 1.5 percent in June and 1.1 percent in May. The increase of 

3.5 percent from April to July was the largest 3-month advance since the index was first published in 

December 2017. In July, higher export prices to China more than offset rising import prices from China. 

The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 0.6 percent in July following a 2.3-percent increase the 

previous month. The U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also advanced in July, rising 

0.4 percent and 0.8 percent, respectively. In contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with Canada 

decreased in July, falling 1.1 percent, after declining 11.1 percent in June. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 4.0 percent in July following a 7.0-percent increase in June.

The July decrease was led by lower European fares which more than offset higher Asian fares. The index 

for air passenger fares fell 16.5 percent from July 2019 to July 2020. Import air freight prices declined 14.3 

percent in July, after falling 3.1 percent the previous month. The July decrease was the largest 1-month 

decline since the index was first published monthly in December 2005. Despite the drop, import air freight 

prices rose 51.8 percent for the year ended in July. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares rose for the second consecutive month, advancing 5.5 percent in July 

following a 6.4-percent increase in June. Those increases followed a 20.3-percent drop from January to

May. The July advance was led by higher European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares. The index 

for export air passenger fares declined 11.5 percent over the past 12 months. Export air freight prices edged 

down 0.1 percent in July, after rising 2.2 percent in June and 0.7 percent in May. Prices for export air freight 

advanced 1.0 percent for the year ended in July. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for August are scheduled for release on Tuesday, September 15, 2020 at 

8:30 a.m. (ET).
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 120.7 121.5 -3.3 -2.6 0.7 1.4 0.7

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 87.128 99.0 99.3 0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.3 0.3

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 93.858 112.0 112.2 0.3 -0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 93.487 116.0 116.2 0.0 -0.5 0.1 0.3 0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.360 179.0 176.8 -1.3 -1.6 2.0 -0.4 -1.2

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.970 196.2 192.9 -1.6 -1.7 3.3 -0.2 -1.7

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.390 140.2 140.7 -0.1 -1.0 -2.3 -1.1 0.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 20.446 157.9 162.8 -14.1 -12.2 3.1 7.0 3.1

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.520 151.3 152.7 0.7 -3.3 -0.4 1.4 0.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 13.950 171.5 173.6 -0.5 -3.3 -0.5 1.3 1.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.844 166.5 169.6 2.2 -4.3 -0.2 1.9 1.9

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.460 132.3 131.5 -2.0 -1.7 -0.5 0.6 -0.6

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 6.513 135.5 144.9 -32.8 -30.9 13.7 21.9 6.9

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 6.142 143.9 155.1 -34.6 -32.4 14.3 23.1 7.8

Crude........................................ 10000 4.000 139.8 150.6 -38.4 -36.6 18.9 35.6 7.7

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.371 98.7 91.0 30.2 -3.2 5.3 4.2 -7.8

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.311 87.8 79.8 45.1 -3.3 6.4 5.3 -9.1

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.524 110.5 108.9 -6.8 -1.6 0.1 3.0 -1.4

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.565 149.0 149.5 -4.7 -1.6 -1.2 -0.1 0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.592 146.7 153.4 7.3 -4.6 0.8 2.9 4.6

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.563 232.1 237.0 2.4 -8.1 -1.4 3.2 2.1

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.848 157.7 159.0 0.9 -0.1 1.2 0.3 0.8

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.841 112.1 112.2 -0.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.1

Capital goods................................... 2 29.566 88.2 88.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.753 121.3 121.3 1.4 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.382 80.2 80.4 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.2

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.431 135.2 135.4 -1.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 16.183 110.7 110.5 0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.445 106.6 106.8 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.555 124.0 124.5 0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.4

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.604 90.6 90.6 -0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.286 114.9 114.9 -1.5 – – 1.1 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 119.6 120.6 -4.4 -3.5 0.0 1.2 0.8

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.421 172.2 174.8 -3.3 -3.3 -0.5 1.5 1.5

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.319 100.9 101.3 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.4

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.579 115.6 116.4 -4.6 -3.5 -0.1 1.2 0.7

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.718 175.7 178.4 -3.2 -3.1 -0.5 1.1 1.5

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.195 174.9 177.8 -2.8 -3.4 -0.5 1.8 1.7

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.523 193.8 192.4 -9.4 0.7 -1.4 -8.1 -0.7

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 30.055 132.6 135.2 -12.7 -10.2 0.2 4.0 2.0

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.071 170.1 172.3 4.1 -1.8 0.4 1.2 1.3

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 18.983 117.2 120.0 -20.2 -14.6 0.2 5.8 2.4

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.199 160.8 161.5 -6.6 -3.4 0.0 -0.1 0.4

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 28.856 131.7 134.4 -13.0 -10.4 0.2 4.2 2.1

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 7.963 114.7 120.1 -34.2 -29.5 1.5 15.6 4.7

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.926 154.9 156.6 -0.3 -2.0 -0.1 0.4 1.1

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.967 117.9 118.1 -1.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.2

Capital goods................................... 2 38.204 111.2 111.4 0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.2

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.965 120.0 120.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 24.819 94.8 94.9 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.420 184.0 184.6 1.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.3

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.237 114.1 113.8 -0.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.786 109.1 109.6 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.5

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.178 107.3 108.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3 0.2 0.9

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.166 107.1 107.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.5 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.442 92.8 92.6 -6.5 – – 0.1 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2019 to July 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 6.545 79.3 82.8 -28.5 -24.2 12.4 20.0 4.4

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.956 178.3 176.4 -1.7 -3.3 6.1 -0.5 -1.1

Crop production............................... 111 1.630 193.5 190.8 -1.2 -2.9 8.3 -0.6 -1.4

Mining............................................ 21 4.589 66.1 70.6 -35.4 -33.2 16.4 31.4 6.8

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 4.329 64.5 69.0 -36.8 -35.2 18.1 33.8 7.0

Manufacturing..................................... 93.154 109.7 110.2 -0.8 -1.1 0.1 0.4 0.5

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.719 125.5 125.1 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.621 154.3 152.1 -1.4 -1.3 0.9 0.3 -1.4

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.203 128.3 128.4 4.4 -0.1 -0.7 0.0 0.1

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.380 98.5 102.0 0.9 0.6 0.2 -0.1 3.6

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.958 106.4 106.7 -1.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.3

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.864 113.0 113.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.694 124.2 124.0 0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 17.961 118.5 120.5 -4.8 -4.4 0.5 1.0 1.7

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 0.860 104.8 114.5 – -8.5 1.6 5.8 9.3

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.026 107.8 106.8 -4.0 -1.5 0.0 2.1 -0.9

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 1.953 70.5 76.2 -27.1 -26.9 8.6 5.5 8.1

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.367 135.4 135.8 -2.3 -0.9 -0.7 0.1 0.3

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.445 118.8 120.6 1.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 1.5

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.111 131.2 130.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 63.473 103.6 103.8 0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.131 155.1 158.5 2.3 -6.6 -0.5 2.4 2.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.315 126.0 126.3 0.0 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.973 119.4 120.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.645 72.2 72.3 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.676 118.0 117.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.247 109.8 109.6 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.943 114.6 114.7 -1.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.544 117.6 118.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2019 to July 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.200 99.4 102.6 -22.1 -13.2 1.5 5.2 3.2

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.507 140.1 143.6 -6.4 -4.9 -1.1 0.4 2.5

Crop production............................... 111 4.188 147.5 151.3 -5.8 -5.3 -1.2 1.4 2.6

Mining............................................ 21 3.693 51.0 53.0 -35.6 -22.8 5.3 11.6 3.9

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.156 89.8 88.7 -22.0 -2.1 -2.9 -2.0 -1.2

Manufacturing..................................... 90.510 113.4 114.0 -2.6 -2.6 -0.3 0.9 0.5

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.949 139.1 139.5 -1.6 -1.3 0.1 0.8 0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.754 156.5 157.2 -1.6 -1.8 0.2 1.3 0.4

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.672 123.1 123.4 0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 23.034 101.5 103.1 -10.9 -8.8 -1.0 3.0 1.6

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.490 96.3 96.2 -1.1 2.2 -0.5 0.6 -0.1

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.561 118.6 117.8 -5.2 0.8 -0.3 0.5 -0.7

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 4.201 71.1 74.3 -33.5 -34.3 -3.1 19.7 4.5

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.294 112.9 114.4 -4.0 -2.3 -0.8 -0.1 1.3

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.414 117.2 117.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.867 117.9 118.1 0.3 -0.7 -0.3 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 60.528 115.9 116.2 1.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.3

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.555 162.9 166.3 12.7 -1.2 0.9 1.7 2.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.203 150.0 150.0 1.4 -0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 10.203 130.0 130.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 14.366 82.2 82.4 0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.949 117.9 118.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 18.343 129.4 129.4 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.417 124.7 124.7 2.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.492 117.7 117.7 -2.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.398 194.9 188.1 -3.6 -2.4 1.4 1.5 -3.5

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.441 302.6 264.6 0.8 -2.9 12.6 7.0 -12.6

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.691 128.8 130.0 -6.8 -2.4 -3.7 -2.1 0.9

Vegetable products............................... II 2.001 213.5 210.7 -0.7 -2.0 7.0 -0.3 -1.3

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.468 482.7 488.7 4.7 2.2 15.0 -2.4 1.2

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.690 114.2 106.7 -15.9 -6.1 6.6 -1.4 -6.6

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.341 212.5 220.3 11.5 -1.1 1.1 -0.7 3.7

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.249 85.1 86.2 2.0 -5.0 1.3 -0.8 1.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.057 167.4 167.3 1.2 -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 -0.1

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.213 101.8 99.2 0.8 -4.8 0.4 0.8 -2.6

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.375 169.0 168.4 -1.6 0.0 -1.1 0.1 -0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.142 138.0 138.1 3.8 -0.3 -0.9 -0.5 0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 6.694 139.1 148.3 -31.2 -29.1 12.8 20.4 6.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 6.343 134.4 143.7 -32.5 -30.7 13.8 21.8 6.9

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.736 153.6 154.1 -1.7 -1.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.466 268.3 265.7 -8.4 -4.0 -2.2 -0.4 -1.0

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.110 120.0 121.0 -4.9 -3.9 -1.0 -0.6 0.8

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.070 154.4 155.1 0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.5

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.639 102.9 103.3 -0.7 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.4

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.606 100.6 100.1 -3.3 -0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.5

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.718 138.2 141.5 0.9 -0.8 -0.8 1.3 2.4

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.482 139.7 142.2 -0.6 -1.2 -1.0 1.3 1.8

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.235 137.3 142.2 3.8 0.1 -0.4 1.3 3.6

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.640 125.0 124.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.6

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.614 131.9 131.2 0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.5

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.888 152.5 166.4 14.0 -8.3 1.5 5.9 9.1

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 0.863 105.3 115.2 – -8.5 1.5 6.1 9.4

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.052 112.8 111.9 -5.0 -1.8 0.2 1.7 -0.8

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.725 106.3 105.4 -4.4 -1.7 0.1 0.5 -0.8

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.996 114.4 114.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 2.027 105.3 105.2 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.680 122.4 122.5 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.650 100.2 100.3 -2.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July

2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.423 124.5 124.5 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.191 122.9 122.9 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.996 131.9 131.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.028 200.0 202.4 10.7 -6.2 -0.3 2.9 1.2

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.492 164.3 166.0 -4.2 -2.0 -0.1 0.7 1.0

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.075 187.6 186.8 -12.6 -2.9 -3.8 0.3 -0.4

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.724 146.0 146.5 -1.6 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.3

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.428 266.8 277.6 0.9 -7.1 8.9 3.9 4.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.881 120.3 124.9 -4.1 -3.2 -1.0 0.9 3.8

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.476 122.9 123.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.2

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.545 133.6 133.8 -1.7 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 31.499 79.1 79.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.029 84.9 85.2 -0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.470 73.7 73.7 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.276 114.5 114.1 0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.3

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 13.121 113.7 113.3 0.8 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.210 102.0 102.2 0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.2

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.930 98.2 98.3 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.571 110.9 110.9 -0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.875 116.6 116.5 -1.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.418 101.7 101.6 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.278 127.2 126.8 -1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.999 209.4 209.2 -3.9 -3.1 0.6 1.9 -0.1

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.214 165.4 159.1 -8.0 -4.9 5.6 0.3 -3.8

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.319 103.6 102.4 -12.1 2.1 -2.3 -9.8 -1.2

Vegetable products............................... II 4.199 184.6 189.3 -5.1 -4.2 -1.6 1.8 2.5

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.898 122.9 120.8 -11.4 -6.5 0.0 -3.8 -1.7

Cereals............................................ 10 1.365 182.4 186.4 -8.9 -6.4 -4.3 2.6 2.2

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.455 184.9 192.5 1.3 -2.0 -2.0 1.1 4.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.108 150.6 153.5 -0.8 -1.6 0.8 0.1 1.9

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100). . . .. 20 0.336 96.7 95.9 – -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.600 97.9 99.1 0.4 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 1.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.564 103.4 111.4 -1.2 -7.2 6.2 3.5 7.7

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.730 212.2 211.9 -2.4 0.3 0.0 -1.4 -0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 7.883 137.7 143.7 -34.7 -29.3 0.9 15.4 4.4

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.371 84.7 88.8 -8.2 -3.2 -3.0 2.0 4.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 7.307 129.2 134.9 -36.2 -31.1 1.2 16.8 4.4

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.109 134.0 135.0 -2.7 -1.1 -0.7 -0.2 0.7

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.742 140.0 138.0 -8.9 -0.9 1.7 -0.1 -1.4

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.394 128.6 129.5 -9.3 -3.0 -2.7 -1.7 0.7

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.251 106.5 108.4 0.4 -1.0 -0.4 0.6 1.8

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.550 103.7 106.1 0.9 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 2.3

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.898 127.7 127.9 -2.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.2

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.513 125.3 126.0 1.4 0.0 -0.4 0.2 0.6

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.087 156.4 156.4 0.4 -0.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.156 136.4 136.8 -4.9 -1.9 -1.3 -0.7 0.3

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.242 132.8 133.2 -5.5 -2.2 -1.5 -0.8 0.3

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.914 151.1 151.6 -1.7 -1.0 -0.1 0.1 0.3

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.605 95.5 95.5 -1.0 2.5 0.0 0.5 0.0

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.882 122.8 122.4 -0.1 1.3 1.3 0.3 -0.3

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.522 119.2 117.9 – 5.0 6.3 0.6 -1.1

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.066 123.0 122.5 -2.5 0.6 -0.4 0.2 -0.4

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.711 116.6 117.4 -3.1 -3.0 0.8 0.2 0.7

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.464 106.9 110.3 -5.2 -10.5 3.3 1.2 3.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.836 126.3 126.8 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July

2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.488 99.6 99.6 – -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 5.032 276.4 280.1 11.6 -0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.649 151.5 154.1 -2.2 -3.2 -0.1 0.9 1.7

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.486 165.7 181.4 1.9 -10.7 2.1 6.6 9.5

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.656 91.1 94.2 -8.5 -4.9 -2.9 -0.5 3.4

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.355 156.0 156.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.640 97.8 97.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 17.651 115.6 115.8 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.989 78.7 78.7 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.926 137.6 137.6 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.360 116.1 116.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 6.288 110.3 110.4 0.3 -0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.412 114.1 114.1 1.1 0.3 -0.3 0.3 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.786 132.9 132.8 1.5 0.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.462 89.0 89.3 1.2 0.3 -0.7 0.6 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: July 2019 to July 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 121.6 122.6 -3.4 -4.3 0.6 3.9 0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.327 131.1 138.9 -24.6 -38.3 12.0 69.6 5.9

Manufacturing................................ 91.165 120.2 120.6 -0.7 -1.6 0.0 0.4 0.3

Canada.......................................... 100.000 122.5 125.3 -10.1 -11.8 1.9 13.1 2.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 24.953 125.6 133.4 -25.9 -41.1 13.9 76.4 6.2

Manufacturing................................ 74.177 125.3 126.5 -2.8 -3.6 -0.2 1.0 1.0

European Union............................... 100.000 136.5 137.3 0.1 -0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.6

Manufacturing................................ 98.980 132.7 133.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.2 0.5 0.6

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 126.8 128.4 0.3 -0.9 -0.2 0.5 1.3

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 112.6 112.5 0.1 0.0 -0.7 -0.1 -0.1

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 119.3 119.5 -2.0 -4.8 0.8 0.1 0.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 141.2 142.5 -3.6 -2.7 1.8 1.4 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.141 199.7 206.0 -23.4 -20.5 17.5 8.7 3.2

Manufacturing................................ 87.564 119.2 120.0 0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.3 0.7

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 126.6 126.7 -0.8 -0.8 1.4 0.8 0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 6.785 112.4 111.0 -26.0 -21.4 19.6 6.5 -1.2

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 92.926 88.4 88.6 1.8 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.2

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 97.7 97.9 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.0 98.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.2

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.7 96.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.1

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 95.4 95.5 -3.4 -0.8 -2.5 0.2 0.1

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 85.8 86.3 -2.2 -0.7 0.1 0.7 0.6

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.4 98.3 0.9 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.9

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 124.8 128.6 -29.0 -4.8 2.3 -6.2 3.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: July 2019 to July 2020

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 99.1 100.0 -3.2 -2.6 0.0 0.8 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.830 76.0 77.0 -29.6 -16.9 1.9 7.6 1.3

Manufacturing................................ 90.867 102.0 102.8 -0.3 -1.3 -0.2 0.3 0.8

Canada.......................................... 100.000 98.9 100.0 -4.5 -3.0 0.1 0.5 1.1

European Union............................... 100.000 100.6 101.6 -3.5 -2.5 -0.2 0.8 1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.951 69.5 71.5 -32.3 -18.1 0.8 6.8 2.9

Manufacturing................................ 91.862 104.0 104.9 -0.5 -1.1 -0.3 0.3 0.9

Germany........................................ 100.000 104.9 105.9 1.5 -1.3 0.9 -0.1 1.0

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 93.6 95.2 -6.3 -5.8 -0.3 2.2 1.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.015 92.4 97.4 -7.4 -5.8 -0.7 3.2 5.4

Manufacturing................................ 92.465 93.7 95.0 -6.3 -5.9 -0.2 2.1 1.4

Mexico........................................... 100.000 94.8 95.7 -5.2 -5.2 1.4 0.6 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 5.518 88.8 94.3 -3.9 -3.7 0.0 0.6 6.2

Manufacturing................................ 93.872 95.1 95.7 -5.3 -5.4 1.5 0.6 0.6

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 97.3 95.8 -4.9 -2.3 -0.1 2.1 -1.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.879 81.7 73.6 -28.2 -15.0 1.3 13.2 -9.9

Manufacturing................................ 85.365 100.5 100.2 -0.8 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 -0.3

China............................................ 100.000 94.1 95.2 -3.5 -2.5 1.0 1.5 1.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.284 63.9 67.4 -30.9 -24.1 3.5 13.5 5.5

Manufacturing................................ 88.314 100.6 101.3 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.7

Japan............................................ 100.000 95.3 96.0 -4.8 -3.5 -0.3 2.6 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.213 68.5 71.1 -32.5 -20.4 0.8 9.4 3.8

Manufacturing................................ 83.083 101.7 101.8 2.3 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: July 2019 to July 20201

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.8 99.8 0.2 1.9 -0.7 -2.9 0.0

Canada.................................................. 106.1 104.9 6.3 10.0 -1.7 -11.1 -1.1

European Union...................................... 99.2 99.6 -3.7 -1.9 -0.1 0.4 0.4

Germany................................................ 107.2 108.3 1.4 -1.3 1.5 0.0 1.0

Latin America3

........................................ 98.7 99.5 -2.8 -3.2 -2.1 0.8 0.8

Mexico.................................................. 96.6 97.4 -4.4 -4.4 0.1 -0.2 0.8

Pacific Rim4............................................ 98.0 96.3 -4.7 -2.3 -0.1 2.0 -1.7

China.................................................... 96.1 97.0 -3.1 -2.6 1.1 1.5 0.9

Japan.................................................... 94.1 94.7 -4.8 -3.4 0.0 2.3 0.6

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: July 2019

to July 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

June

20201

Index Percent change

June

2020

July

2020

Annual Monthly

July

2019 to

July

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

May

2020 to

June

2020

June

2020 to

July

2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 309.0 264.7 51.8 39.9 26.2 -3.1 -14.3

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 23.566 215.4 220.6 53.0 51.9 -1.6 0.3 2.4

Asia.................................................. 68.966 338.2 264.4 62.2 43.5 43.7 -4.6 -21.8

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 168.2 168.0 1.0 -2.4 0.7 2.2 -0.1

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 30.835 152.3 152.8 0.2 -2.1 0.0 0.3 0.3

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 240.1 215.8 31.3 23.6 18.7 -2.5 -10.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 24.480 166.5 169.6 28.4 25.2 -1.0 1.5 1.9

Asia.................................................. 65.536 253.6 212.7 38.7 27.8 31.4 -4.3 -16.1

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 149.8 150.6 1.3 2.4 0.6 -5.4 0.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 35.549 176.3 176.5 13.8 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.1

Asia.................................................. 43.497 134.9 137.0 -6.5 -0.5 1.1 -11.9 1.6

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 145.7 139.8 -16.5 -12.3 -0.1 7.0 -4.0

Europe............................................... 40.742 151.3 135.1 -26.8 -26.0 1.5 10.9 -10.7

Asia.................................................. 28.052 141.0 145.8 10.0 11.8 -2.9 15.7 3.4

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 7.670 122.9 122.2 -27.3 -3.9 -13.3 -2.1 -0.6

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 133.7 141.0 -11.5 -7.9 -0.5 6.4 5.5

Europe............................................... 26.961 155.7 166.4 -19.9 -16.4 -3.8 12.7 6.9

Asia.................................................. 28.356 131.3 137.0 -2.9 -6.9 10.4 5.6 4.3

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 26.296 142.9 147.4 -13.1 -1.3 -5.8 2.0 3.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.