U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – AUGUST 2018 

U.S. import prices declined 0.6 percent in August, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

following a 0.1-percent decrease the previous month. Falling prices for both fuel and nonfuel imports 

contributed to the August decline. Prices for U.S. exports edged down 0.1 percent, after decreasing 0.5 

percent in July. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: August 2017 – August 2018 

Imports 

Import prices declined 0.6 percent in August, the largest monthly drop since the index fell 1.3 percent in 

January 2016. The August decrease followed a 0.1-percent decline in July and was only the third monthly 

drop over the past 12 months. Prices for U.S. imports advanced 3.7 percent from August 2017 to August 

2018 and have not recorded a 12-month decline since October 2016. (See table 1.) 

New Locality of Destination and Terms of Trade Data Available 

New Locality of Destination export price indexes are available in table 8 and new Terms of Trade indexes 

by locality are available in table 9. For more information on the new index series, please see page 5.

0.6 0.8

0.2

1.0

0.2

0.8

0.2

-0.2

0.5

0.9

0.1

-0.1

-0.6

2.0

2.7

2.4

3.5

3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5

4.5 4.8 4.9

3.7

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

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6.0

Aug'17 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug'18

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, September 14, 2018 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-18-1455
2

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 3.9 percent in August, the first decline for the index since a 2.6-

percent drop in March and the largest monthly decline since a 6.8-percent decrease in February 2016. 

Petroleum prices declined 3.9 percent in August, after increasing in each of the previous 4 months, and 

natural gas prices fell 6.3 percent following an 18.0-percent increase in July. Despite the downturn in 

August, fuel prices rose 30.6 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for petroleum increased 33.0 

percent for the year ended in August, and prices for natural gas decreased 11.7 percent over the same period.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices edged down 0.1 percent in August, after decreasing 0.3 

percent in each of the previous 2 months. In August, the decline was driven by falling prices for nonfuel 

industrial supplies and materials, although lower capital goods prices also contributed. In contrast, the price 

index for foods, feeds, and beverages advanced in August. Despite the downward trend over the past 3 

months, nonfuel import prices increased 0.9 percent between August 2017 and August 2018. The increase 

was led by a 6.4-percent rise in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices over the 12-month period. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials fell 

0.8 percent in August following a 1.1-percent decline the previous month. The August decrease was led by a 

1.9-percent drop in unfinished metals prices and a 2.6-percent decline in building materials prices. 

Finished Goods: Import prices for finished goods categories were mostly unchanged in August. The price 

index for capital goods edged down 0.1 percent, after recording no change in July. Prices for consumer 

goods and automotive vehicles recorded no change in August. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices advanced 0.4 percent in August following 

a 1.6-percent decline the previous month. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: August 2017 – August 2018 

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports decreased 0.1 percent in August, after declining 0.5 percent in July. The July 

downturn was the first monthly drop since June 2017. In August, lower prices for nonagricultural exports 

more than offset higher agricultural prices. The price index for overall exports advanced 3.6 percent for the 

year ended in August and has not recorded a 12-month decline since a 0.2-percent decrease in November 

2016. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 0.2 percent in August following a 5.2-

percent decline the previous month. In August, higher prices for soybeans, wheat, and corn more than offset 

lower prices for meat, nuts, and fruit. Agricultural prices decreased 1.7 percent for the year ended in August, 

after increasing 1.7 percent between August 2016 and August 2017. Falling prices for soybeans, fruit, and 

meat all contributed to the decline over the past 12 months. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices fell 0.2 percent in August, after 

recording no change in July. The August decrease was led by declining prices for nonagricultural industrial 

supplies and materials, consumer goods, and automotive vehicles. In contrast, the price index for capital 

goods advanced in August. Prices for nonagricultural exports increased 4.1 percent over the past year and 

have not recorded a 12-month decline since November 2016. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials decreased 0.6 percent in August following a 0.2-percent decline the previous month. The declines 

in August and July were both driven by lower metals prices. Despite the recent downturn, the index 

advanced 9.7 percent for the year ended in August. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in August. The price indexes for consumer goods and 

automotive vehicles each fell 0.1 percent. In contrast, capital goods prices advanced 0.2 percent in August, 

after ticking up 0.1 percent in July. The August increase was led by higher prices for electrical generating 

equipment. 

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3.1 2.8

3.3 3.1 3.4 3.7

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4.3

3.6

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-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Aug'17 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug'18

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China edged down 0.1 percent for the 

second consecutive month in August. Those were the first monthly declines for the index since a 0.3-percent 

drop in September 2017. Prices for imports from Japan recorded no change in August following a 0.2-

percent increase in July and a 0.1-percent decrease in June. Import prices from Japan rose 1.0 percent over 

the past year, the largest 12-month advance since the index increased 1.0 percent between June 2016 and 

June 2017. The price index for imports from Canada fell 1.5 percent in August, after recording no change 

the previous month. The August decline was led by lower petroleum prices. Prices for imports from the 

European Union and Mexico each decreased 0.1 percent in August. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China edged down 0.1 percent in August 

following declines of 2.1 percent in July and 0.6 percent in June. Export prices to Japan declined for the 

third consecutive month in August, falling 0.4 percent, after decreasing 1.2 percent in July and 0.3 percent 

in June. The price index for exports to the European Union fell 0.2 percent in August following 0.1-percent 

drops in each of the previous 2 months. In August, the decline was led by a 0.2-percent decrease in 

manufactured goods prices. In contrast, prices for exports to Canada and Mexico each ticked up 0.1 percent 

in August. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on the country, region, or grouping and 

measure the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade index 

with China recorded no change in August following a 2.0-percent decline in July and a 0.6-percent drop in 

June. Both the July and June decreases were driven by falling export prices to China. The U.S. terms of 

trade index with Japan decreased 0.4 percent in August, after declining 1.3 percent the previous month. The 

index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union decreased 0.2 percent in August, after edging down 

0.1 percent in July. In August, the U.S. terms of trade index with Canada advanced 1.6 percent and with 

Mexico rose 0.2 percent. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 8.8 percent in August, the largest decrease since a 10.6-

percent drop in August 2017. Falling European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed 

to the drop in August 2018. Despite the August decline, import air passenger fares advanced 3.5 percent 

over the past year. Prices for import air freight decreased 0.6 percent in August and increased 3.0 percent 

over the past 12 months. (See table 10.) 

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares fell 3.7 percent in August, after increasing 1.6 percent in 

July and 5.0 percent in June. The August downturn was driven by an 11.1-percent drop in European fares. 

Export air passenger fares fell 3.3 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year decline since a 

5.8-percent drop in December 2017. Export air freight prices decreased 0.6 percent in August and rose 3.4 

percent over the past year. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for September are scheduled for release on Friday, October 12, 2018 at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
5

New Locality of Destination and Terms of Trade Data 

Beginning with the August news release on September 14, the BLS introduced two new data series. Locality 

of Destination price indexes measure export prices based on the country, region, or grouping where items 

are exported. Terms of Trade indexes are based on the country, region, or grouping and measure the relative 

price for exports in terms of import prices and are defined as the all-export price index divided by the 

corresponding all-import price index. For more information on Terms of Trade indexes, please see “U.S. 

Import and Export Prices and the Terms of Trade” at www.bls.gov/opub/btn/archive/us-import-and-exportprice-indexes-and-the-terms-of-trade.pdf. 

The Locality of Destination price indexes are published at the all-export level and also include a breakdown 

by manufacturing industries and nonmanufacturing industries where possible. The countries, regions, or 

groupings for which indexes are published include the Industrialized Countries, the European Union, Latin 

America, the Pacific Rim, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, and Mexico. Indexes by manufacturing 

industries and nonmanufacturing industries are available for all countries and regions except Canada and 

Germany. 

Terms of Trade indexes are available for all countries, regions, and groupings where both the import 

Locality of Origin price index and the export Locality of Destination price index are published. These 

include the Industrialized Countries, the European Union, Latin America, the Pacific Rim, Canada, China, 

Germany, Japan, and Mexico. 

The first publication month for the data series for both Locality of Destination price indexes and the Terms 

of Trade indexes is December 2017. 

In addition to the new indexes, the numbering of the tables in the Import and Export Price Index news 

release changed. Tables 1 through 7 remain the same, and the new Locality of Destination data are in table 8 

and the new Terms of Trade data are in table 9. The previous table for Selected Transportation Services 

changed from table 8 to table 10. 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to

August 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 128.2 127.4 3.7 0.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.6

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.322 100.6 100.4 1.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 88.790 113.4 113.2 1.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 88.132 117.5 117.4 0.9 0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 5.810 175.3 176.0 -3.4 0.4 -2.6 -1.6 0.4

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.525 190.6 192.0 -4.2 0.6 -2.8 -2.2 0.7

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.285 141.1 140.5 -0.2 -0.3 -1.9 0.6 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 26.233 200.7 196.3 16.1 3.1 1.3 -0.1 -2.2

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 15.086 158.8 157.2 6.0 0.2 0.3 -0.7 -1.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.354 181.1 179.6 6.4 0.9 0.2 -1.1 -0.8

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.146 172.5 170.3 6.0 1.5 0.3 -1.7 -1.3

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.878 141.5 140.9 6.2 -1.8 0.1 0.7 -0.4

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 11.868 232.9 223.9 30.6 6.1 2.6 1.0 -3.9

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 11.210 257.0 247.0 33.0 7.4 2.8 0.7 -3.9

Crude........................................ 10000 8.117 272.3 257.2 36.4 8.8 1.8 0.9 -5.5

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.477 95.0 90.3 -1.6 -17.0 1.3 10.1 -4.9

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.477 70.3 65.9 -11.7 -24.7 -5.2 18.0 -6.3

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.583 120.3 121.5 12.8 0.3 1.5 1.4 1.0

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.699 162.6 162.5 6.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.685 159.5 155.3 3.4 1.9 0.4 -2.0 -2.6

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.919 238.4 233.8 8.0 1.7 0.6 -2.9 -1.9

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.806 162.6 161.6 6.2 1.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.6

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.675 113.7 114.4 4.0 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.6

Capital goods................................... 2 26.398 89.4 89.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.211 118.0 118.2 1.2 0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 20.975 81.8 81.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.211 134.7 134.7 0.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.637 110.4 110.4 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 25.922 107.6 107.6 0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.806 123.8 123.8 1.9 0.5 -0.1 0.9 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 11.850 92.7 92.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.267 113.8 113.8 -0.5 0.7 -2.1 -1.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to

August 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 127.4 127.3 3.6 0.7 0.2 -0.5 -0.1

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.543 174.6 175.0 -1.7 1.6 -1.0 -5.2 0.2

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.776 101.7 101.5 2.3 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.457 123.8 123.6 4.1 0.6 0.4 0.0 -0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.934 176.3 177.3 -1.7 1.1 -1.0 -4.8 0.6

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.303 174.3 175.3 -2.3 1.5 -0.8 -5.3 0.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.630 214.0 216.0 7.6 -4.5 -3.0 2.6 0.9

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 32.133 163.9 162.9 9.4 1.8 1.0 -0.4 -0.6

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.433 167.0 163.8 3.3 -0.1 0.5 -1.2 -1.9

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 21.701 162.7 162.8 12.6 2.8 1.2 0.1 0.1

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.240 182.4 179.4 2.7 2.6 -2.1 -5.0 -1.6

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials...................................... 30.893 163.3 162.4 9.7 1.8 1.1 -0.2 -0.6

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.290 205.8 206.6 20.5 5.0 2.8 0.2 0.4

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.578 161.2 159.6 5.2 0.2 0.3 -0.4 -1.0

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.024 125.0 123.4 2.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 -1.3

Capital goods................................... 2 36.445 109.9 110.1 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.872 116.8 118.1 4.4 0.3 0.4 -0.5 1.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.453 94.9 95.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.120 176.5 176.4 3.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.044 114.1 114.0 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.444 109.8 109.7 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.052 106.4 106.4 1.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.1 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.961 107.7 107.5 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2017 to August 2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 10.454 120.8 115.7 21.8 5.7 -0.2 0.4 -4.2

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.788 164.7 167.5 -10.5 0.5 -7.4 -4.4 1.7

Crop production............................... 111 1.417 173.0 176.0 -12.5 1.7 -8.1 -5.6 1.7

Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)........ 112 0.187 76.0 76.7 -5.1 0.8 -4.2 -0.9 0.9

Mining............................................ 21 8.666 117.5 111.1 32.3 7.0 1.6 1.5 -5.4

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 8.418 117.8 111.2 33.3 7.3 1.5 1.5 -5.6

Manufacturing..................................... 89.262 112.5 112.4 2.0 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.212 124.9 124.8 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.351 155.5 155.2 -1.0 0.3 -1.3 -0.7 -0.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.093 121.8 121.9 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.380 100.1 100.2 1.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.1

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.911 109.4 109.7 0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.3

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.819 111.6 111.5 0.4 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.659 123.5 123.5 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.514 129.5 129.6 7.6 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.1

Wood product manufacturing................ 321 1.062 144.0 138.6 4.7 3.1 0.5 -2.9 -3.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.057 113.6 115.5 9.6 0.3 2.0 1.5 1.7

Printing and related support activities

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 323 0.214 104.1 104.1 5.5 -0.1 2.9 0.4 0.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.828 104.1 105.0 26.4 3.6 5.7 -0.1 0.9

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.187 141.8 142.0 5.3 0.6 -0.3 0.8 0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.180 119.7 119.6 0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.986 131.3 131.1 2.2 0.1 0.5 0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.536 104.8 104.6 0.7 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.472 158.3 155.4 8.3 2.1 0.1 -2.5 -1.8

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.083 128.0 127.8 3.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 6.715 118.7 118.8 1.2 0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.754 75.0 74.9 -1.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 4.866 116.1 116.2 1.0 0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.603 109.5 109.4 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.762 117.2 117.4 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.281 118.8 118.3 0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2017 to August 2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.216 136.2 138.2 4.4 2.0 1.2 -5.7 1.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.832 147.6 150.0 -1.4 1.8 -1.8 -8.7 1.6

Crop production............................... 111 4.550 153.2 156.2 -1.2 2.5 -1.7 -9.0 2.0

Mining............................................ 21 3.384 93.5 94.7 13.7 2.4 6.1 -1.1 1.3

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.140 113.2 108.9 5.0 1.8 -0.2 -1.2 -3.8

Manufacturing..................................... 90.182 117.4 117.2 3.7 0.6 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.892 140.0 139.0 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.8 -0.7

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.692 157.5 156.5 -1.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.8 -0.6

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.691 120.8 116.7 2.3 3.3 -1.2 -3.6 -3.4

Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)............... 313 0.643 105.4 105.8 5.0 0.0 1.1 0.5 0.4

Leather and allied product manufacturing

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 316 0.259 94.0 93.6 -3.3 -0.9 -1.0 -0.7 -0.4

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.815 119.6 119.4 9.7 1.8 0.3 0.3 -0.2

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.536 103.2 102.3 – 0.2 -0.5 -0.7 -0.9

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.714 132.2 132.0 9.3 1.6 0.2 0.9 -0.2

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.959 123.5 122.6 24.7 6.2 0.9 0.9 -0.7

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.303 119.9 119.8 5.4 0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.233 116.0 116.0 1.5 0.1 1.0 -0.2 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.827 116.8 116.7 2.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.476 114.1 114.0 1.6 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 3.897 144.8 141.7 3.1 -0.1 0.3 -2.0 -2.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.040 141.1 140.9 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 8.918 127.3 127.7 1.4 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.954 83.4 83.3 0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.839 117.7 118.5 4.2 0.6 0.5 -0.3 0.7

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 18.076 127.0 126.9 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.405 121.1 121.1 3.2 0.0 0.3 1.8 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.347 120.6 120.5 1.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to

August 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.353 193.2 193.6 -0.5 0.2 -2.6 0.4 0.2

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.372 249.0 247.2 0.5 0.8 -1.3 0.2 -0.7

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.691 139.3 138.2 -1.5 -0.1 -3.9 0.6 -0.8

Vegetable products............................... II 1.741 191.5 196.0 -11.6 1.0 -7.4 -5.1 2.3

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.337 362.7 362.6 -20.3 -2.2 -15.9 1.5 0.0

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.700 112.3 117.7 -12.1 2.2 -5.3 -9.9 4.8

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.315 210.6 209.2 -10.3 0.6 -1.9 -1.1 -0.7

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.257 98.9 97.8 -16.0 -3.0 -4.5 -1.3 -1.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.775 166.1 165.6 2.0 0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2012=100)..................................... 17 0.193 87.7 87.5 1.7 -0.9 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.206 99.7 96.5 1.0 2.3 -2.7 -1.2 -3.2

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.367 171.8 172.5 2.3 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.4

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.206 103.1 103.1 – 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.034 132.0 132.1 2.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 11.689 233.3 224.2 30.8 6.2 2.8 1.2 -3.9

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 11.428 231.1 221.9 31.5 6.3 2.8 1.1 -4.0

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.533 159.7 159.7 5.5 0.6 -0.3 0.9 0.0

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.619 317.0 316.7 16.9 -1.2 1.0 0.7 -0.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.430 134.2 133.8 8.4 1.0 -0.1 0.4 -0.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.484 153.9 154.1 3.7 0.9 -0.6 1.5 0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.259 81.5 82.6 17.8 2.1 0.2 -0.5 1.3

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)............. 32 0.184 109.1 107.3 -1.5 -0.2 0.7 1.0 -1.6

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.568 102.2 102.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.6 -0.7 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.633 107.3 107.0 1.9 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.386 141.4 141.9 1.5 -0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.4

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.232 144.7 145.5 2.5 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.6

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.153 137.0 137.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.6 0.1

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.632 125.7 125.8 1.7 1.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.598 131.5 131.6 2.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.094 175.1 168.7 4.7 2.9 0.4 -2.9 -3.7

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2014=100).............................. 44 1.071 121.0 116.5 4.9 3.0 0.4 -3.0 -3.7

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.115 119.9 120.8 9.5 0.3 1.6 1.7 0.8

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.732 110.7 111.5 8.3 0.4 1.1 2.2 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

10
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to

August 2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)............... 49 0.213 111.0 111.0 6.2 -0.1 3.5 0.5 0.0

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.961 114.3 114.2 0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.996 104.2 104.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.691 119.8 119.9 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.634 103.9 104.3 0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.4

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.370 122.5 122.5 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.146 121.2 121.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.919 132.1 131.8 1.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.332 100.4 99.6 3.1 0.2 0.7 0.0 -0.8

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.254 135.1 135.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.332 131.3 131.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.6 -0.2 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.998 171.3 168.5 -1.2 -0.4 0.2 -1.7 -1.6

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.635 183.0 181.3 7.5 1.9 0.2 -1.2 -0.9

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.364 232.4 230.1 16.7 1.6 0.0 0.4 -1.0

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.598 152.8 152.7 5.9 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.403 293.6 286.3 0.3 8.0 -0.9 -7.1 -2.5

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.953 141.4 139.4 8.1 5.1 0.0 -1.8 -1.4

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.414 122.9 122.9 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.511 137.2 137.2 0.3 0.1 -0.5 0.2 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.528 80.4 80.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 13.995 86.8 86.8 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.533 74.4 74.5 -1.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.853 114.3 114.3 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.667 113.4 113.3 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.096 115.4 115.3 -0.1 -0.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.805 102.3 102.0 0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.520 98.9 98.6 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.226 142.2 141.8 -1.5 -1.1 -1.5 0.4 -0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.269 112.4 112.6 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.690 118.2 118.4 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.298 102.7 103.0 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.281 129.6 129.5 -0.2 0.0 0.5 0.3 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to

August 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.940 209.9 207.9 -2.1 -1.0 -0.6 0.9 -1.0

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.167 165.6 162.5 -5.1 -0.8 -0.9 0.6 -1.9

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.418 118.7 119.4 9.0 -5.4 -3.4 3.9 0.6

Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 04 0.279 102.1 103.0 – 4.6 4.4 -1.6 0.9

Vegetable products............................... II 4.462 185.4 188.3 -1.9 2.2 -1.4 -8.9 1.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.835 135.0 131.1 -6.3 -5.4 2.1 -5.3 -2.9

Cereals............................................ 10 1.380 187.4 196.8 8.7 5.5 -2.6 -7.7 5.0

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.760 187.4 191.9 -4.3 1.6 -2.2 -11.7 2.4

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.047 150.8 150.5 1.0 1.0 -0.7 -1.6 -0.2

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100). . . .. 20 0.341 116.3 116.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.5 -0.9 0.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.557 95.8 97.9 – -0.1 0.2 -1.6 2.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.532 109.6 109.9 -2.0 1.0 -0.3 -0.6 0.3

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.731 217.9 210.8 10.3 3.7 -2.1 -4.5 -3.3

Mineral products.................................. V 10.679 247.4 247.1 21.0 4.9 2.7 0.2 -0.1

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.537 106.7 97.8 2.6 -0.6 -0.9 -2.1 -8.3

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.963 238.7 239.5 22.4 5.3 3.0 0.3 0.3

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.753 139.2 138.8 3.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.699 157.8 152.8 -6.1 -0.5 0.0 -5.5 -3.2

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.580 147.1 146.9 10.5 1.2 0.9 0.7 -0.1

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.184 106.6 106.5 1.1 -0.1 -1.0 0.1 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100).................... 31 0.257 120.7 120.7 13.9 0.6 -1.8 0.2 0.0

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.531 102.6 102.6 4.4 1.1 -0.3 0.2 0.0

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.807 130.8 130.9 -1.1 -0.7 0.4 -0.2 0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.489 119.3 118.5 -8.7 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.7

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.823 154.2 154.5 7.1 0.2 -0.1 1.0 0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.201 145.4 145.5 6.5 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.318 142.0 142.0 7.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.0

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.883 158.6 159.0 4.1 0.8 0.4 -0.6 0.3

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.680 105.9 103.6 4.4 0.6 -0.3 -0.6 -2.2

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 2.114 135.4 134.8 4.2 1.8 0.8 1.2 -0.4

Woodpulp and recovered paper............... 47 0.673 147.0 144.7 -0.3 3.5 2.2 2.7 -1.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.106 129.9 130.1 6.5 1.5 -0.2 0.7 0.2

Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)............. 49 0.336 108.1 108.1 6.5 0.0 0.8 -0.3 0.0

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.677 124.7 126.1 5.0 1.2 -0.7 -1.0 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

12
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to

August 2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.460 137.0 140.2 10.1 2.8 -2.6 -3.2 2.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.801 124.1 124.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.268 102.1 102.1 0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.409 99.3 99.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.002 235.1 232.0 -0.7 -0.9 0.2 -1.5 -1.3

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.991 163.9 161.2 5.1 0.2 0.5 -0.7 -1.6

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.130 182.2 181.5 13.4 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.4

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.554 196.1 186.2 3.7 -1.8 4.2 -4.6 -5.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.965 120.4 113.8 1.9 2.8 -0.1 -2.7 -5.5

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100). . . .. 82 0.315 100.0 100.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.343 153.0 153.0 3.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 27.458 97.6 97.7 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.767 115.2 115.0 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.692 78.7 79.0 2.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.235 135.3 135.4 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.258 116.4 116.2 0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.933 109.5 109.6 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.395 112.9 112.8 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.7 -0.1

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.819 130.2 130.2 1.6 -0.3 0.1 1.2 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.415 87.4 87.4 -1.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2017 to August 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 126.1 125.3 4.7 1.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.622 170.9 163.7 21.8 9.0 -0.9 3.0 -4.2

Manufacturing................................ 89.842 122.0 121.7 3.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 137.7 135.6 8.8 3.2 0.2 0.0 -1.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 25.393 163.2 156.3 21.7 9.5 -1.1 3.0 -4.2

Manufacturing................................ 73.715 134.4 133.7 4.9 1.4 0.7 -1.0 -0.5

European Union............................... 100.000 137.3 137.2 2.7 0.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Manufacturing................................ 98.950 133.8 133.7 2.7 0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.1

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.6 128.6 3.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.0

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 111.9 112.0 -2.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.1

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 122.1 121.6 3.1 0.6 0.3 -0.4 -0.4

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 152.1 150.6 4.7 1.1 -0.5 0.2 -1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 19.588 277.6 269.4 18.8 5.1 -1.3 1.1 -3.0

Manufacturing................................ 80.143 122.8 122.3 1.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.5 128.4 0.9 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 9.163 139.8 139.6 9.1 5.0 -1.9 1.9 -0.1

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 90.583 88.3 88.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.6 -0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4

............... 100.000 99.3 99.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 100.4 100.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.7 96.7 1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.0

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 89.3 88.9 2.5 0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 98.8 98.9 1.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 192.0 185.2 24.7 3.1 2.4 0.2 -3.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2017 to August 2018

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 102.4 102.3 – 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.430 98.4 99.1 – 1.2 -2.2 2.7 0.7

Manufacturing................................ 92.317 102.8 102.6 – 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 103.8 103.9 – 0.8 0.2 -0.1 0.1

European Union............................... 100.000 103.3 103.1 – 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 4.722 97.9 98.7 – -1.4 0.1 -5.3 0.8

Manufacturing................................ 94.250 103.6 103.4 – 0.4 -0.2 0.2 -0.2

Germany........................................ 100.000 101.6 101.3 – -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 103.7 103.7 – 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.318 103.3 105.4 – 3.7 0.4 -2.8 2.0

Manufacturing................................ 93.340 103.7 103.6 – 1.1 0.4 0.2 -0.1

Mexico........................................... 100.000 102.7 102.8 – 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.144 102.5 104.0 – 3.5 0.1 -2.3 1.5

Manufacturing................................ 93.457 102.7 102.7 – 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.0

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 100.7 100.2 – 0.5 -0.3 -1.1 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.794 95.8 96.0 – 2.1 -2.9 -7.1 0.2

Manufacturing................................ 85.575 101.3 100.9 – 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4

China............................................ 100.000 100.1 100.0 – 0.3 -0.6 -2.1 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 18.286 94.1 96.4 – 1.0 -2.3 -9.3 2.4

Manufacturing................................ 76.882 101.0 100.8 – -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.4 100.0 – 0.0 -0.3 -1.2 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.587 96.9 95.5 – 0.1 -2.1 -7.4 -1.4

Manufacturing................................ 84.438 101.0 100.9 – 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2017 to August 20181

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.4 99.9 – -0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.5

Canada.................................................. 99.1 100.7 – -2.4 -0.1 0.0 1.6

European Union...................................... 101.3 101.1 – 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.2

Germany................................................ 104.5 104.1 – -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.4

Latin America3

........................................ 101.5 102.5 – 0.2 0.8 -0.2 1.0

Mexico.................................................. 103.1 103.3 – 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2

Pacific Rim4

............................................ 99.8 99.4 – 0.3 -0.3 -1.0 -0.4

China................................................... . 99.8 99.8 – 0.2 -0.6 -2.0 0.0

Japan.................................................... 99.2 98.8 – 0.0 -0.2 -1.3 -0.4

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the respective import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

16
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August

2017 to August 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

July

20181

Index Percent change

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2017 to

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2018 to

May

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 188.5 187.4 3.0 1.7 -1.0 -2.3 -0.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 23.983 149.0 147.6 2.0 1.3 -3.2 -0.3 -0.9

Asia.................................................. 63.870 182.1 181.0 3.1 2.2 -0.3 -3.3 -0.6

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 163.9 162.9 3.4 0.7 0.0 -0.1 -0.6

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 32.870 148.4 148.1 0.8 0.0 0.8 -0.4 -0.2

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 171.8 171.1 3.4 1.5 -0.2 -2.0 -0.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 25.844 137.1 135.6 0.9 1.2 -2.2 0.1 -1.1

Asia.................................................. 59.091 162.6 162.1 1.8 2.0 0.5 -2.9 -0.3

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 144.3 148.7 5.5 -1.4 -0.4 3.4 3.0

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 32.881 147.9 148.1 1.4 0.4 0.2 -0.7 0.1

Asia.................................................. 43.935 142.2 152.7 11.5 -3.7 -0.6 8.4 7.4

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 179.3 163.5 3.5 -2.5 7.3 -5.8 -8.8

Europe............................................... 41.449 200.3 175.8 8.3 -5.0 7.9 -8.5 -12.2

Asia.................................................. 24.728 144.6 133.1 2.9 6.1 12.6 -7.9 -8.0

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 9.754 164.4 157.5 -2.7 -8.0 4.6 2.3 -4.2

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 161.5 155.6 -3.3 -0.7 5.0 1.6 -3.7

Europe............................................... 30.548 213.1 189.4 4.3 -0.1 6.4 0.3 -11.1

Asia.................................................. 27.000 142.3 145.2 -2.9 2.2 7.0 4.4 2.0

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 23.398 164.6 162.1 -3.9 -5.3 4.0 0.9 -1.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

17
18 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
19 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.