For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, August 16, 2023 USDL-23-1791

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 4 states and increased in 2 states on the last business day of June, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 7 states and increased in 1 state.

Total separations rates decreased in 11 states and increased in 1 state. Nationally, the job openings, 

hires, and total separations rates showed little or no change in June.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In June, job openings rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 44 

states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in job openings rates occurred in North Carolina

(-0.8 percentage point), as well as in Illinois, Iowa, and Kentucky (-0.6 point each). The increases 

occurred in California and New Jersey (+0.6 point each). Over the month, the national job openings rate

was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 6 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 40

states and the District of Columbia in June. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in

Illinois (-45,000), North Carolina (-44,000), and Wisconsin (-18,000). The largest increases occurred in 

California (+127,000), New Jersey (+29,000), and Connecticut (+9,000). Nationally, the number of job 

openings changed little over the month. (See table 1.)

Hires

In June, hires rates decreased in 7 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 42 states and 

the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in the hires rates occurred in Washington

(-1.1 percentage points), Alaska (-1.0 point), and Indiana (-0.9 point). The increase occurred in

California (+0.4 point). The national hires rate was little changed over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires decreased in 8 states and was little changed in 42 states and the District of 

Columbia in June. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in Washington (-38,000), Indiana

(-30,000), and Arizona (-25,000). Nationally, the number of hires decreased over the month (-326,000).

(See table 2.)
- 2 -

Total Separations

In June, total separations rates decreased in 11 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in

38 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in total separations rates occurred in

Delaware (-1.3 percentage points), as well as in Maine and Mississippi (-1.1 points each). The increase

occurred in Kansas (+0.9 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was little changed.

(See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 13 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 

36 states and the District of Columbia in June. The largest decreases occurred in Georgia (-42,000), New 

York (-40,000), and Tennessee (-27,000). The increase in the total separations level occurred in Kansas

(+12,000). Nationally, the number of total separations decreased (-288,000). (See table 3.)

Quits

In June, quits rates decreased in 16 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 33 states and 

the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Maine (-1.2 percentage points)

and Delaware (-1.0 point), as well as in Alabama and Vermont (-0.9 point each). The increase occurred 

in Kansas (+0.5 point). Over the month, the national quits rate decreased (-0.2 point). (See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 19 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 30 states and 

the District of Columbia in June. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in New York

(-58,000) and Tennessee (-24,000), as well as in Georgia and North Carolina (-22,000). The increase

occurred in Kansas (+7,000). Nationally, the number of quits decreased (-295,000). (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In June, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 2 states and were little changed in 48 states and the 

District of Columbia. The decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Mississippi

(-0.6 percentage point) and Georgia (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges

rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 2 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed 

in 47 states and the District of Columbia in June. The decreases in the layoffs and discharges levels

occurred in Georgia (-22,000) and Mississippi (-7,000). The increase occurred in Arizona (+11,000). 

Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for July 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, September 19, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 10,961 9,745 10,320 9,616 9,582 -34 6.7 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.8 0.0

Alabama.................................. 156 131 145 137 140 3 6.9 5.8 6.3 6.0 6.1 0.1

Alaska..................................... 30 26 28 27 28 1 8.6 7.4 7.9 7.7 7.9 0.2

Arizona.................................... 223 206 240 200 193 -7 6.7 6.1 7.1 6.0 5.8 -0.2

Arkansas.................................. 104 97 101 99 95 -4 7.3 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.5 -0.3

California................................. 1,208 895 1,043 912 1,039 127 6.4 4.7 5.5 4.8 5.4 0.6

Colorado.................................. 224 214 259 188 190 2 7.2 6.9 8.2 6.1 6.1 0.0

Connecticut............................... 112 100 97 82 91 9 6.3 5.6 5.4 4.6 5.1 0.5

Delaware................................. 34 36 37 35 34 -1 6.7 6.9 7.1 6.7 6.5 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 42 46 40 44 44 0 5.2 5.6 4.9 5.4 5.4 0.0

Florida..................................... 627 662 669 623 643 20 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.0 6.2 0.2

Georgia................................... 457 383 385 371 372 1 8.7 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.0 0.0

Hawaii..................................... 37 33 38 33 33 0 5.7 5.0 5.7 5.0 5.0 0.0

Idaho...................................... 63 55 57 55 55 0 7.1 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.1 0.0

Illinois..................................... 435 401 423 422 377 -45 6.7 6.2 6.5 6.4 5.8 -0.6

Indiana.................................... 207 175 193 185 172 -13 6.1 5.1 5.6 5.4 5.0 -0.4

Iowa....................................... 113 94 107 102 91 -11 6.7 5.6 6.3 6.0 5.4 -0.6

Kansas.................................... 102 84 97 90 84 -6 6.7 5.5 6.3 5.9 5.5 -0.4

Kentucky.................................. 159 138 145 144 130 -14 7.5 6.4 6.8 6.7 6.1 -0.6

Louisiana................................. 152 143 148 156 157 1 7.4 6.8 7.0 7.4 7.4 0.0

Maine..................................... 48 49 44 42 37 -5 7.0 7.1 6.4 6.1 5.4 -0.7

Maryland.................................. 204 200 206 204 200 -4 7.0 6.8 7.0 6.9 6.8 -0.1

Massachusetts........................... 287 282 298 254 243 -11 7.3 7.0 7.3 6.3 6.1 -0.2

Michigan.................................. 293 250 296 247 237 -10 6.3 5.4 6.3 5.3 5.1 -0.2

Minnesota................................ 212 180 206 208 197 -11 6.8 5.7 6.5 6.5 6.2 -0.3

Mississippi................................ 86 84 91 87 88 1 6.9 6.7 7.2 6.9 7.0 0.1

Missouri................................... 206 187 190 173 163 -10 6.6 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.2 -0.3

Montana.................................. 46 37 41 36 37 1 8.3 6.7 7.3 6.5 6.7 0.2

Nebraska................................. 73 57 69 63 62 -1 6.7 5.2 6.2 5.7 5.6 -0.1

Nevada.................................... 97 100 113 104 99 -5 6.1 6.1 6.8 6.3 6.0 -0.3

New Hampshire.......................... 50 49 47 40 45 5 6.8 6.5 6.3 5.4 6.1 0.7

New Jersey............................... 267 240 232 194 223 29 5.9 5.3 5.1 4.3 4.9 0.6

New Mexico.............................. 63 61 71 65 64 -1 7.0 6.6 7.6 7.0 6.8 -0.2

New York................................. 541 430 460 434 460 26 5.4 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5 0.2

North Carolina........................... 365 372 379 407 363 -44 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.7 6.9 -0.8

North Dakota............................. 33 29 29 30 28 -2 7.2 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.0 -0.5

Ohio....................................... 429 347 393 372 362 -10 7.2 5.8 6.5 6.2 6.0 -0.2

Oklahoma................................. 130 119 128 128 122 -6 7.1 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.6 -0.3

Oregon.................................... 125 120 126 117 112 -5 6.1 5.7 6.0 5.5 5.3 -0.2

Pennsylvania............................. 447 420 399 345 360 15 7.0 6.4 6.1 5.3 5.5 0.2

Rhode Island............................. 39 33 33 27 30 3 7.3 6.2 6.2 5.2 5.7 0.5

South Carolina........................... 166 182 172 177 175 -2 6.9 7.4 7.0 7.2 7.1 -0.1

South Dakota............................ 34 29 31 31 29 -2 7.0 5.9 6.3 6.3 5.9 -0.4

Tennessee................................ 243 244 252 237 233 -4 7.0 6.9 7.1 6.7 6.5 -0.2

Texas..................................... 1,028 821 819 824 799 -25 7.1 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.4 -0.2

Utah....................................... 107 105 113 105 103 -2 6.0 5.8 6.2 5.7 5.6 -0.1

Vermont................................... 23 20 21 18 19 1 7.0 6.1 6.4 5.5 5.9 0.4

Virginia.................................... 325 328 315 305 309 4 7.4 7.3 7.1 6.9 6.9 0.0

Washington............................... 202 187 213 180 173 -7 5.4 4.9 5.6 4.7 4.5 -0.2

West Virginia............................. 58 54 55 56 56 0 7.7 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 220 188 205 183 165 -18 6.9 5.9 6.4 5.7 5.2 -0.5

Wyoming.................................. 22 20 22 19 20 1 7.2 6.5 7.1 6.1 6.4 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,448 6,066 6,101 6,231 5,905 -326 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Alabama.................................. 102 90 93 107 94 -13 4.8 4.2 4.3 5.0 4.4 -0.6

Alaska..................................... 21 20 18 21 18 -3 6.6 6.2 5.5 6.5 5.5 -1.0

Arizona.................................... 156 147 148 147 122 -25 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 3.9 -0.8

Arkansas.................................. 67 59 61 66 64 -2 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.7 -0.1

California................................. 657 579 539 532 596 64 3.7 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.3 0.4

Colorado.................................. 128 117 128 119 105 -14 4.5 4.0 4.4 4.1 3.6 -0.5

Connecticut............................... 66 59 59 58 52 -6 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.1 -0.3

Delaware................................. 23 24 24 24 23 -1 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.7 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 24 27 24 28 25 -3 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.6 3.2 -0.4

Florida..................................... 440 383 404 402 385 -17 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Georgia................................... 284 235 230 221 220 -1 5.9 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.5 0.0

Hawaii..................................... 22 23 21 21 20 -1 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Idaho...................................... 39 42 41 42 36 -6 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.2 -0.7

Illinois..................................... 235 241 248 267 246 -21 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.4 4.0 -0.4

Indiana.................................... 141 131 151 153 123 -30 4.4 4.0 4.6 4.7 3.8 -0.9

Iowa....................................... 65 57 60 63 59 -4 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Kansas.................................... 53 51 59 59 54 -5 3.8 3.5 4.1 4.1 3.7 -0.4

Kentucky.................................. 91 93 84 92 85 -7 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.2 -0.4

Louisiana................................. 93 95 85 105 114 9 4.9 4.9 4.3 5.4 5.8 0.4

Maine..................................... 26 28 25 25 25 0 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.9 0.0

Maryland.................................. 115 116 107 113 107 -6 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Massachusetts........................... 126 130 135 113 103 -10 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.0 2.7 -0.3

Michigan.................................. 181 164 153 167 156 -11 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.5 -0.3

Minnesota................................ 116 111 117 121 99 -22 4.0 3.7 3.9 4.1 3.3 -0.8

Mississippi................................ 61 48 52 56 56 0 5.2 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.8 0.0

Missouri................................... 117 109 105 116 103 -13 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.4 -0.5

Montana.................................. 30 28 25 28 26 -2 5.9 5.4 4.8 5.4 5.0 -0.4

Nebraska................................. 42 36 41 42 42 0 4.1 3.4 3.9 4.0 4.0 0.0

Nevada.................................... 65 72 67 64 62 -2 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.1 4.0 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 32 31 37 28 25 -3 4.7 4.4 5.3 4.0 3.6 -0.4

New Jersey............................... 172 203 167 161 176 15 4.1 4.7 3.9 3.7 4.1 0.4

New Mexico.............................. 31 38 34 37 32 -5 3.7 4.4 3.9 4.3 3.7 -0.6

New York................................. 288 297 281 277 278 1 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 0.0

North Carolina........................... 227 180 213 222 200 -22 4.7 3.7 4.4 4.5 4.1 -0.4

North Dakota............................. 21 18 17 21 19 -2 4.9 4.1 3.9 4.8 4.4 -0.4

Ohio....................................... 249 210 222 214 207 -7 4.5 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Oklahoma................................. 86 79 79 80 77 -3 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Oregon.................................... 83 85 72 88 72 -16 4.3 4.3 3.6 4.4 3.6 -0.8

Pennsylvania............................. 203 185 198 205 183 -22 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.0 -0.3

Rhode Island............................. 24 23 25 21 19 -2 4.8 4.6 5.0 4.2 3.8 -0.4

South Carolina........................... 106 99 110 114 111 -3 4.7 4.3 4.8 5.0 4.8 -0.2

South Dakota............................ 22 19 19 20 20 0 4.9 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.4 0.1

Tennessee................................ 170 149 160 172 150 -22 5.2 4.5 4.8 5.2 4.5 -0.7

Texas..................................... 612 599 624 619 588 -31 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Utah....................................... 71 71 70 73 66 -7 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.8 -0.4

Vermont................................... 13 13 15 13 12 -1 4.3 4.2 4.8 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Virginia.................................... 163 178 169 174 178 4 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 0.1

Washington............................... 129 124 129 149 111 -38 3.7 3.4 3.6 4.1 3.0 -1.1

West Virginia............................. 34 36 32 34 33 -1 4.9 5.1 4.6 4.9 4.7 -0.2

Wisconsin................................. 109 98 111 124 113 -11 3.7 3.3 3.7 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Wyoming.................................. 16 15 14 13 12 -1 5.7 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.1 -0.4

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 5,991 5,994 5,660 5,925 5,637 -288 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Alabama.................................. 96 90 76 104 88 -16 4.6 4.2 3.5 4.8 4.1 -0.7

Alaska..................................... 18 19 26 17 15 -2 5.7 5.9 8.0 5.2 4.6 -0.6

Arizona.................................... 168 141 142 119 130 11 5.4 4.5 4.5 3.8 4.1 0.3

Arkansas.................................. 58 62 54 66 55 -11 4.4 4.6 4.0 4.8 4.0 -0.8

California................................. 581 636 505 522 489 -33 3.3 3.5 2.8 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 115 134 116 106 104 -2 4.0 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.6 0.0

Connecticut............................... 54 59 56 64 55 -9 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.3 -0.5

Delaware................................. 24 24 21 30 24 -6 5.1 5.0 4.3 6.2 4.9 -1.3

District of Columbia..................... 25 24 21 28 26 -2 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Florida..................................... 414 404 397 408 426 18 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 0.2

Georgia................................... 317 219 192 247 205 -42 6.6 4.5 3.9 5.0 4.2 -0.8

Hawaii..................................... 21 22 19 20 18 -2 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Idaho...................................... 36 39 44 36 32 -4 4.4 4.6 5.2 4.2 3.8 -0.4

Illinois..................................... 215 227 243 210 224 14 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.4 3.6 0.2

Indiana.................................... 116 133 145 132 130 -2 3.6 4.1 4.5 4.0 4.0 0.0

Iowa....................................... 54 59 69 57 59 2 3.4 3.7 4.3 3.6 3.7 0.1

Kansas.................................... 54 58 65 54 66 12 3.8 4.0 4.5 3.7 4.6 0.9

Kentucky.................................. 88 92 89 99 85 -14 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.9 4.2 -0.7

Louisiana................................. 90 103 82 107 94 -13 4.7 5.3 4.2 5.5 4.8 -0.7

Maine..................................... 27 29 22 29 22 -7 4.2 4.5 3.4 4.5 3.4 -1.1

Maryland.................................. 97 131 110 117 98 -19 3.6 4.8 4.0 4.3 3.6 -0.7

Massachusetts........................... 145 119 114 104 101 -3 4.0 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Michigan.................................. 148 153 148 164 153 -11 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Minnesota................................ 107 106 102 101 113 12 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.8 0.4

Mississippi................................ 57 52 52 63 51 -12 4.9 4.4 4.4 5.4 4.3 -1.1

Missouri................................... 123 108 112 107 99 -8 4.2 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Montana.................................. 29 30 29 27 26 -1 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.2 5.0 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 33 38 43 38 37 -1 3.2 3.6 4.1 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Nevada.................................... 67 68 66 65 61 -4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.9 -0.3

New Hampshire.......................... 27 35 25 30 31 1 3.9 5.0 3.6 4.3 4.4 0.1

New Jersey............................... 137 158 150 125 126 1 3.2 3.7 3.5 2.9 2.9 0.0

New Mexico.............................. 38 36 35 33 33 0 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.8 0.0

New York................................. 261 262 231 283 243 -40 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.5 -0.4

North Carolina........................... 228 190 197 217 198 -19 4.8 3.9 4.0 4.4 4.0 -0.4

North Dakota............................. 17 18 22 16 19 3 4.0 4.1 5.1 3.7 4.4 0.7

Ohio....................................... 229 195 229 211 209 -2 4.1 3.5 4.1 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Oklahoma................................. 83 71 67 75 75 0 4.9 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.3 0.0

Oregon.................................... 74 82 81 79 66 -13 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.3 -0.7

Pennsylvania............................. 175 189 176 193 199 6 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.2 0.0

Rhode Island............................. 19 22 20 21 18 -3 3.8 4.4 4.0 4.2 3.6 -0.6

South Carolina........................... 101 103 91 104 97 -7 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.5 4.2 -0.3

South Dakota............................ 16 19 23 18 19 1 3.5 4.1 5.0 3.9 4.1 0.2

Tennessee................................ 158 158 133 166 139 -27 4.9 4.8 4.0 5.0 4.2 -0.8

Texas..................................... 550 520 476 554 572 18 4.1 3.8 3.4 4.0 4.1 0.1

Utah....................................... 64 68 70 79 66 -13 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.6 3.8 -0.8

Vermont................................... 12 15 11 14 12 -2 4.0 4.9 3.6 4.6 4.0 -0.6

Virginia.................................... 143 177 173 184 171 -13 3.5 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.1 -0.3

Washington............................... 122 139 131 120 105 -15 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.3 2.9 -0.4

West Virginia............................. 37 34 34 35 37 2 5.3 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.3 0.3

Wisconsin................................. 108 107 112 110 104 -6 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Wyoming.................................. 15 15 16 15 14 -1 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.2 4.8 -0.4

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 4,161 3,842 3,765 4,067 3,772 -295 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Alabama.................................. 68 63 55 81 62 -19 3.2 2.9 2.6 3.8 2.9 -0.9

Alaska..................................... 12 11 11 11 10 -1 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.0 -0.4

Arizona.................................... 129 95 103 90 93 3 4.2 3.0 3.3 2.9 2.9 0.0

Arkansas.................................. 42 42 37 48 38 -10 3.2 3.1 2.7 3.5 2.8 -0.7

California................................. 385 359 341 341 327 -14 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 76 77 77 72 70 -2 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.4 -0.1

Connecticut............................... 38 34 35 42 33 -9 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.0 -0.5

Delaware................................. 17 16 15 21 16 -5 3.6 3.3 3.1 4.3 3.3 -1.0

District of Columbia..................... 18 16 14 20 18 -2 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Florida..................................... 300 279 290 293 297 4 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 0.1

Georgia................................... 237 151 142 164 142 -22 4.9 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.9 -0.4

Hawaii..................................... 15 14 12 13 12 -1 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.9 -0.2

Idaho...................................... 24 25 27 25 21 -4 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.5 -0.4

Illinois..................................... 140 135 144 136 151 15 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.5 0.3

Indiana.................................... 83 88 94 90 92 2 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 0.0

Iowa....................................... 40 37 45 35 37 2 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.3 0.1

Kansas.................................... 36 37 36 37 44 7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.1 0.5

Kentucky.................................. 65 65 65 73 57 -16 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.6 2.8 -0.8

Louisiana................................. 62 70 57 73 63 -10 3.2 3.6 2.9 3.7 3.2 -0.5

Maine..................................... 18 16 15 20 12 -8 2.8 2.5 2.3 3.1 1.9 -1.2

Maryland.................................. 71 86 75 80 66 -14 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.9 2.4 -0.5

Massachusetts........................... 72 63 71 63 56 -7 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.5 -0.2

Michigan.................................. 102 94 89 103 105 2 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.4 0.1

Minnesota................................ 76 68 68 70 75 5 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 0.2

Mississippi................................ 41 35 37 42 36 -6 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.1 -0.5

Missouri................................... 78 72 73 75 65 -10 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.2 -0.3

Montana.................................. 19 17 18 19 17 -2 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.3 -0.4

Nebraska................................. 23 23 26 24 24 0 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 0.0

Nevada.................................... 44 43 45 45 41 -4 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.6 -0.3

New Hampshire.......................... 18 21 15 17 19 2 2.6 3.0 2.1 2.4 2.7 0.3

New Jersey............................... 91 91 92 76 67 -9 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.5 -0.3

New Mexico.............................. 26 22 22 23 22 -1 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 -0.2

New York................................. 175 164 140 187 129 -58 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.3 -0.6

North Carolina........................... 168 123 138 155 133 -22 3.5 2.5 2.8 3.2 2.7 -0.5

North Dakota............................. 11 10 13 12 13 1 2.6 2.3 3.0 2.8 3.0 0.2

Ohio....................................... 136 133 126 141 140 -1 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.5 0.0

Oklahoma................................. 63 48 48 53 52 -1 3.7 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Oregon.................................... 53 51 52 53 42 -11 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.1 -0.6

Pennsylvania............................. 119 118 121 123 120 -3 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0

Rhode Island............................. 12 13 13 13 10 -3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.0 -0.6

South Carolina........................... 74 73 66 76 70 -6 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.0 -0.3

South Dakota............................ 11 12 13 12 13 1 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 0.2

Tennessee................................ 113 99 98 122 98 -24 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.7 2.9 -0.8

Texas..................................... 409 376 339 415 428 13 3.1 2.7 2.4 3.0 3.1 0.1

Utah....................................... 43 44 48 54 40 -14 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.3 -0.8

Vermont................................... 8 8 7 9 6 -3 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.9 2.0 -0.9

Virginia.................................... 104 120 107 134 117 -17 2.6 2.9 2.6 3.2 2.8 -0.4

Washington............................... 86 84 87 81 65 -16 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.8 -0.4

West Virginia............................. 27 24 23 24 25 1 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 0.2

Wisconsin................................. 72 67 69 73 72 -1 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 0.0

Wyoming.................................. 10 9 10 10 9 -1 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.1 -0.3

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,477 1,845 1,590 1,546 1,527 -19 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Alabama.................................. 22 22 17 20 21 1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.1

Alaska..................................... 5 6 12 4 5 1 1.6 1.8 3.7 1.2 1.5 0.3

Arizona.................................... 32 36 34 22 33 11 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.3

Arkansas.................................. 13 16 14 15 15 0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

California................................. 158 249 136 150 134 -16 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 29 45 33 29 30 1 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Connecticut............................... 13 22 15 17 16 -1 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Delaware................................. 6 7 5 7 7 0 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 5 6 5 6 6 0 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.0

Florida..................................... 82 107 89 99 108 9 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.1

Georgia................................... 59 57 42 73 51 -22 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.0 -0.5

Hawaii..................................... 5 7 5 6 6 0 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.0

Idaho...................................... 10 11 14 10 10 0 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.0

Illinois..................................... 66 86 84 64 61 -3 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.0

Indiana.................................... 26 39 45 34 31 -3 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.0

Iowa....................................... 12 18 21 18 19 1 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.1

Kansas.................................... 15 17 25 14 18 4 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.2 0.2

Kentucky.................................. 17 22 20 21 24 3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.2

Louisiana................................. 22 29 22 25 26 1 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.0

Maine..................................... 8 11 6 7 7 0 1.3 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.0

Maryland.................................. 17 37 28 31 27 -4 0.6 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Massachusetts........................... 66 52 34 31 34 3 1.8 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.1

Michigan.................................. 39 53 53 52 39 -13 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 -0.3

Minnesota................................ 26 32 30 25 32 7 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.3

Mississippi................................ 12 13 12 19 12 -7 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.0 -0.6

Missouri................................... 40 29 34 24 27 3 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.1

Montana.................................. 8 10 8 7 8 1 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.1

Nebraska................................. 8 12 15 12 10 -2 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Nevada.................................... 20 22 18 17 17 0 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.0

New Hampshire.......................... 8 13 7 11 9 -2 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.6 1.3 -0.3

New Jersey............................... 39 61 49 37 46 9 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.2

New Mexico.............................. 9 11 9 8 9 1 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.1

New York................................. 75 83 78 84 89 5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0

North Carolina........................... 49 56 50 51 46 -5 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 5 6 8 4 5 1 1.2 1.4 1.8 0.9 1.1 0.2

Ohio....................................... 78 50 85 57 59 2 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.0

Oklahoma................................. 16 20 15 19 19 0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.0

Oregon.................................... 17 26 24 21 21 0 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.0

Pennsylvania............................. 48 66 45 58 54 -4 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.0

Rhode Island............................. 6 8 6 7 6 -1 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.2 -0.2

South Carolina........................... 21 25 21 22 22 0 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.0

South Dakota............................ 4 5 9 5 5 0 0.9 1.1 2.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

Tennessee................................ 38 53 28 38 34 -4 1.2 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Texas..................................... 105 127 114 119 124 5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0

Utah....................................... 17 19 18 21 24 3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.2

Vermont................................... 3 7 3 4 3 -1 1.0 2.3 1.0 1.3 1.0 -0.3

Virginia.................................... 28 48 59 43 46 3 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.1

Washington............................... 31 46 35 31 35 4 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.1

West Virginia............................. 8 8 9 9 9 0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 30 31 38 32 26 -6 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Wyoming.................................. 4 5 5 5 5 0 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 10,812 9,352 9,289 6.6 5.6 5.6

Alabama................................................................. 153 133 136 6.8 5.8 5.9

Alaska................................................................... 42 37 40 11.2 10.2 10.4

Arizona.................................................................. 202 176 162 6.2 5.3 5.0

Arkansas................................................................ 100 96 91 7.0 6.5 6.2

California................................................................ 1,194 884 1,045 6.3 4.7 5.5

Colorado................................................................ 230 179 190 7.4 5.8 6.1

Connecticut............................................................. 110 88 85 6.1 4.9 4.8

Delaware................................................................ 37 33 34 7.2 6.4 6.5

District of Columbia.................................................... 44 40 45 5.5 5.0 5.5

Florida................................................................... 617 610 631 6.2 5.9 6.1

Georgia.................................................................. 431 353 348 8.3 6.7 6.6

Hawaii................................................................... 35 26 30 5.4 4.0 4.5

Idaho.................................................................... 64 56 56 7.1 6.2 6.1

Illinois.................................................................... 449 422 379 6.9 6.4 5.8

Indiana.................................................................. 200 182 163 5.9 5.3 4.8

Iowa..................................................................... 110 99 86 6.5 5.8 5.1

Kansas.................................................................. 96 82 77 6.4 5.4 5.0

Kentucky................................................................ 154 137 121 7.3 6.4 5.7

Louisiana................................................................ 141 146 147 6.9 6.9 7.0

Maine.................................................................... 52 48 40 7.4 6.9 5.7

Maryland................................................................ 197 191 190 6.8 6.5 6.4

Massachusetts......................................................... 294 261 240 7.3 6.5 5.9

Michigan................................................................ 292 251 222 6.2 5.3 4.7

Minnesota............................................................... 201 216 182 6.4 6.7 5.7

Mississippi.............................................................. 80 83 81 6.5 6.6 6.5

Missouri................................................................. 201 164 154 6.4 5.2 4.9

Montana................................................................. 52 38 42 9.2 6.9 7.3

Nebraska................................................................ 68 60 55 6.2 5.4 5.0

Nevada.................................................................. 93 100 93 5.9 6.1 5.6

New Hampshire........................................................ 52 40 45 7.0 5.4 6.0

New Jersey............................................................. 270 182 218 5.9 4.0 4.7

New Mexico............................................................ 55 54 55 6.2 5.8 6.0

New York............................................................... 530 423 444 5.2 4.2 4.3

North Carolina.......................................................... 359 409 352 7.0 7.7 6.7

North Dakota........................................................... 34 32 29 7.2 6.9 6.2

Ohio..................................................................... 426 375 353 7.1 6.2 5.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 126 118 118 6.9 6.3 6.4

Oregon.................................................................. 115 103 101 5.6 4.9 4.8

Pennsylvania........................................................... 438 348 340 6.8 5.4 5.2

Rhode Island........................................................... 39 28 29 7.2 5.3 5.5

South Carolina......................................................... 162 173 164 6.7 7.0 6.6

South Dakota........................................................... 35 35 30 7.1 6.9 6.1

Tennessee.............................................................. 241 233 224 6.9 6.6 6.3

Texas.................................................................... 1,039 791 801 7.2 5.4 5.4

Utah..................................................................... 98 100 93 5.5 5.5 5.1

Vermont................................................................. 23 19 18 7.2 5.8 5.7

Virginia.................................................................. 319 283 300 7.3 6.4 6.7

Washington............................................................. 201 163 167 5.4 4.3 4.4

West Virginia........................................................... 56 51 53 7.5 6.7 6.9

Wisconsin............................................................... 223 180 162 6.9 5.7 5.0

Wyoming................................................................ 31 23 27 9.5 7.2 8.2

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 7,448 6,862 6,777 4.9 4.4 4.3

Alabama................................................................. 116 116 107 5.5 5.4 4.9

Alaska................................................................... 39 38 33 11.6 11.4 9.5

Arizona.................................................................. 152 145 114 5.0 4.6 3.7

Arkansas................................................................ 69 72 67 5.2 5.2 4.9

California................................................................ 702 520 646 4.0 2.9 3.6

Colorado................................................................ 157 136 127 5.4 4.7 4.3

Connecticut............................................................. 81 67 63 4.8 3.9 3.7

Delaware................................................................ 30 27 29 6.3 5.5 5.9

District of Columbia.................................................... 29 28 30 3.8 3.7 3.9

Florida................................................................... 460 425 408 5.0 4.4 4.2

Georgia.................................................................. 325 250 254 6.8 5.1 5.2

Hawaii................................................................... 24 20 21 3.9 3.1 3.3

Idaho.................................................................... 52 49 43 6.3 5.8 5.1

Illinois.................................................................... 287 303 288 4.7 4.9 4.7

Indiana.................................................................. 166 170 146 5.2 5.2 4.5

Iowa..................................................................... 84 76 76 5.3 4.7 4.7

Kansas.................................................................. 64 65 63 4.5 4.5 4.4

Kentucky................................................................ 102 97 95 5.2 4.8 4.7

Louisiana................................................................ 100 115 125 5.2 5.9 6.4

Maine.................................................................... 39 34 35 6.1 5.2 5.3

Maryland................................................................ 142 116 130 5.3 4.2 4.7

Massachusetts......................................................... 171 129 138 4.6 3.4 3.6

Michigan................................................................ 214 203 186 4.8 4.6 4.1

Minnesota............................................................... 156 155 132 5.3 5.2 4.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 66 58 62 5.7 4.9 5.3

Missouri................................................................. 143 122 125 4.9 4.1 4.2

Montana................................................................. 42 37 34 8.0 7.2 6.5

Nebraska................................................................ 48 45 48 4.6 4.3 4.6

Nevada.................................................................. 68 74 60 4.6 4.8 3.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 42 32 33 6.1 4.6 4.7

New Jersey............................................................. 220 171 230 5.1 3.9 5.2

New Mexico............................................................ 37 38 34 4.4 4.4 3.9

New York............................................................... 350 322 331 3.7 3.3 3.4

North Carolina.......................................................... 270 261 232 5.6 5.3 4.7

North Dakota........................................................... 27 27 25 6.2 6.3 5.6

Ohio..................................................................... 284 256 244 5.1 4.5 4.3

Oklahoma............................................................... 97 82 87 5.7 4.7 5.1

Oregon.................................................................. 93 90 77 4.8 4.5 3.8

Pennsylvania........................................................... 235 240 205 3.9 3.9 3.3

Rhode Island........................................................... 30 25 23 6.0 4.9 4.7

South Carolina......................................................... 115 124 122 5.1 5.4 5.3

South Dakota........................................................... 30 28 28 6.4 6.1 5.9

Tennessee.............................................................. 184 187 163 5.7 5.7 4.9

Texas.................................................................... 651 657 623 4.9 4.7 4.5

Utah..................................................................... 77 81 68 4.6 4.7 3.9

Vermont................................................................. 17 16 15 5.6 5.1 4.9

Virginia.................................................................. 190 184 206 4.7 4.4 5.0

Washington............................................................. 150 150 126 4.2 4.1 3.4

West Virginia........................................................... 39 39 38 5.6 5.6 5.4

Wisconsin............................................................... 157 140 160 5.3 4.6 5.3

Wyoming................................................................ 26 21 21 9.1 7.1 7.0

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 6,393 5,794 5,938 4.2 3.7 3.8

Alabama................................................................. 99 107 90 4.7 5.0 4.1

Alaska................................................................... 18 17 15 5.5 5.3 4.3

Arizona.................................................................. 194 128 150 6.4 4.1 4.8

Arkansas................................................................ 63 65 59 4.8 4.8 4.3

California................................................................ 629 514 513 3.6 2.8 2.8

Colorado................................................................ 115 99 101 4.0 3.4 3.4

Connecticut............................................................. 61 55 62 3.6 3.3 3.6

Delaware................................................................ 24 31 23 5.0 6.3 4.6

District of Columbia.................................................... 25 27 26 3.3 3.5 3.4

Florida................................................................... 457 432 476 4.9 4.4 4.9

Georgia.................................................................. 348 251 214 7.3 5.1 4.4

Hawaii................................................................... 23 20 19 3.7 3.2 3.1

Idaho.................................................................... 35 33 29 4.2 3.9 3.4

Illinois.................................................................... 220 193 226 3.6 3.1 3.6

Indiana.................................................................. 127 137 135 4.0 4.2 4.2

Iowa..................................................................... 55 57 58 3.5 3.5 3.6

Kansas.................................................................. 64 56 80 4.5 3.9 5.5

Kentucky................................................................ 97 92 91 4.9 4.6 4.5

Louisiana................................................................ 97 108 100 5.1 5.5 5.1

Maine.................................................................... 28 26 22 4.3 4.0 3.4

Maryland................................................................ 112 101 108 4.1 3.7 3.9

Massachusetts......................................................... 145 90 101 3.9 2.4 2.6

Michigan................................................................ 153 166 157 3.5 3.7 3.5

Minnesota............................................................... 114 94 124 3.9 3.1 4.1

Mississippi.............................................................. 62 65 56 5.4 5.5 4.8

Missouri................................................................. 139 105 112 4.7 3.5 3.7

Montana................................................................. 28 26 24 5.4 5.1 4.5

Nebraska................................................................ 36 39 39 3.5 3.8 3.7

Nevada.................................................................. 69 63 58 4.6 4.0 3.8

New Hampshire........................................................ 30 27 34 4.4 3.8 4.9

New Jersey............................................................. 141 101 127 3.3 2.3 2.9

New Mexico............................................................ 45 31 40 5.4 3.5 4.5

New York............................................................... 281 260 261 2.9 2.7 2.7

North Carolina.......................................................... 237 219 206 4.9 4.4 4.2

North Dakota........................................................... 18 17 20 4.2 3.9 4.6

Ohio..................................................................... 245 215 220 4.4 3.8 3.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 87 74 77 5.2 4.3 4.5

Oregon.................................................................. 76 72 65 3.9 3.6 3.2

Pennsylvania........................................................... 203 174 235 3.4 2.8 3.8

Rhode Island........................................................... 22 19 20 4.3 3.9 4.0

South Carolina......................................................... 105 99 98 4.7 4.3 4.2

South Dakota........................................................... 16 18 19 3.5 3.8 4.1

Tennessee.............................................................. 158 169 137 4.9 5.1 4.1

Texas.................................................................... 567 561 593 4.2 4.0 4.2

Utah..................................................................... 65 77 65 3.9 4.5 3.7

Vermont................................................................. 13 18 12 4.5 5.8 4.1

Virginia.................................................................. 154 181 181 3.8 4.4 4.3

Washington............................................................. 124 100 103 3.5 2.8 2.8

West Virginia........................................................... 37 35 37 5.3 4.9 5.3

Wisconsin............................................................... 118 114 109 4.0 3.8 3.6

Wyoming................................................................ 13 14 11 4.3 4.9 3.7

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 4,506 4,103 4,024 2.9 2.6 2.6

Alabama................................................................. 73 82 65 3.5 3.8 3.0

Alaska................................................................... 12 12 10 3.7 3.6 2.8

Arizona.................................................................. 147 96 105 4.9 3.1 3.4

Arkansas................................................................ 47 48 42 3.6 3.5 3.1

California................................................................ 425 353 349 2.4 2.0 1.9

Colorado................................................................ 77 72 69 2.7 2.5 2.3

Connecticut............................................................. 43 39 37 2.5 2.3 2.2

Delaware................................................................ 18 21 16 3.8 4.4 3.2

District of Columbia.................................................... 18 19 18 2.4 2.4 2.4

Florida................................................................... 328 306 328 3.5 3.1 3.4

Georgia.................................................................. 264 166 151 5.5 3.4 3.1

Hawaii................................................................... 16 14 13 2.6 2.2 2.0

Idaho.................................................................... 24 23 20 2.9 2.8 2.3

Illinois.................................................................... 144 128 156 2.4 2.1 2.5

Indiana.................................................................. 91 97 97 2.9 2.9 3.0

Iowa..................................................................... 42 39 37 2.6 2.4 2.3

Kansas.................................................................. 44 39 54 3.1 2.7 3.7

Kentucky................................................................ 76 70 64 3.9 3.5 3.2

Louisiana................................................................ 68 75 69 3.6 3.8 3.5

Maine.................................................................... 19 19 12 2.9 2.9 1.9

Maryland................................................................ 82 72 74 3.0 2.6 2.7

Massachusetts......................................................... 76 58 56 2.0 1.5 1.5

Michigan................................................................ 101 108 106 2.3 2.4 2.4

Minnesota............................................................... 84 69 84 2.8 2.3 2.8

Mississippi.............................................................. 46 43 41 4.0 3.7 3.5

Missouri................................................................. 91 74 76 3.1 2.5 2.5

Montana................................................................. 19 19 15 3.7 3.7 2.9

Nebraska................................................................ 25 25 26 2.5 2.4 2.5

Nevada.................................................................. 45 44 39 3.0 2.9 2.5

New Hampshire........................................................ 20 17 21 2.9 2.5 3.0

New Jersey............................................................. 92 69 65 2.1 1.6 1.5

New Mexico............................................................ 31 21 26 3.7 2.5 3.0

New York............................................................... 191 186 139 2.0 1.9 1.4

North Carolina.......................................................... 177 152 141 3.7 3.1 2.9

North Dakota........................................................... 13 12 14 3.0 2.8 3.2

Ohio..................................................................... 148 149 152 2.7 2.6 2.7

Oklahoma............................................................... 67 54 56 4.0 3.1 3.2

Oregon.................................................................. 56 51 43 2.9 2.5 2.1

Pennsylvania........................................................... 134 124 133 2.2 2.0 2.1

Rhode Island........................................................... 14 13 11 2.8 2.6 2.1

South Carolina......................................................... 78 72 71 3.5 3.1 3.1

South Dakota........................................................... 12 12 14 2.5 2.6 2.9

Tennessee.............................................................. 116 127 99 3.6 3.8 3.0

Texas.................................................................... 438 427 461 3.3 3.1 3.3

Utah..................................................................... 45 56 39 2.7 3.2 2.3

Vermont................................................................. 9 13 6 3.0 4.3 2.1

Virginia.................................................................. 115 133 127 2.8 3.2 3.0

Washington............................................................. 89 70 65 2.5 1.9 1.8

West Virginia........................................................... 28 25 26 4.0 3.5 3.7

Wisconsin............................................................... 78 80 77 2.6 2.7 2.5

Wyoming................................................................ 9 10 7 2.9 3.5 2.3

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,474 1,398 1,533 1.0 0.9 1.0

Alabama................................................................. 21 21 20 1.0 1.0 0.9

Alaska................................................................... 5 4 4 1.4 1.2 1.3

Arizona.................................................................. 35 26 38 1.2 0.8 1.2

Arkansas................................................................ 12 14 13 0.9 1.0 1.0

California................................................................ 161 132 134 0.9 0.7 0.7

Colorado................................................................ 26 23 28 0.9 0.8 1.0

Connecticut............................................................. 15 12 17 0.9 0.7 1.0

Delaware................................................................ 4 8 6 0.9 1.5 1.2

District of Columbia.................................................... 5 6 6 0.7 0.8 0.7

Florida................................................................... 87 113 116 0.9 1.2 1.2

Georgia.................................................................. 58 75 50 1.2 1.5 1.0

Hawaii................................................................... 5 5 6 0.9 0.8 0.9

Idaho.................................................................... 9 8 8 1.1 1.0 1.0

Illinois.................................................................... 62 58 56 1.0 0.9 0.9

Indiana.................................................................. 27 34 30 0.8 1.0 0.9

Iowa..................................................................... 11 15 18 0.7 0.9 1.1

Kansas.................................................................. 16 14 21 1.1 1.0 1.5

Kentucky................................................................ 15 19 22 0.7 1.0 1.1

Louisiana................................................................ 22 23 26 1.1 1.2 1.3

Maine.................................................................... 7 5 7 1.1 0.8 1.0

Maryland................................................................ 19 24 28 0.7 0.9 1.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 61 21 33 1.6 0.6 0.9

Michigan................................................................ 42 48 41 1.0 1.1 0.9

Minnesota............................................................... 26 21 34 0.9 0.7 1.1

Mississippi.............................................................. 12 18 12 1.1 1.6 1.0

Missouri................................................................. 42 24 27 1.4 0.8 0.9

Montana................................................................. 7 6 7 1.3 1.1 1.4

Nebraska................................................................ 9 11 11 0.8 1.1 1.0

Nevada.................................................................. 20 16 17 1.3 1.0 1.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 8 7 8 1.2 1.0 1.2

New Jersey............................................................. 41 23 48 1.0 0.5 1.1

New Mexico............................................................ 10 7 11 1.2 0.8 1.3

New York............................................................... 75 63 94 0.8 0.6 1.0

North Carolina.......................................................... 48 59 42 1.0 1.2 0.9

North Dakota........................................................... 4 4 5 1.0 0.9 1.0

Ohio..................................................................... 80 50 59 1.4 0.9 1.0

Oklahoma............................................................... 14 17 18 0.8 1.0 1.0

Oregon.................................................................. 16 18 20 0.8 0.9 1.0

Pennsylvania........................................................... 60 40 71 1.0 0.6 1.2

Rhode Island........................................................... 7 5 7 1.4 1.0 1.5

South Carolina......................................................... 20 22 21 0.9 1.0 0.9

South Dakota........................................................... 4 4 5 0.8 0.9 1.0

Tennessee.............................................................. 35 36 31 1.1 1.1 0.9

Texas.................................................................... 94 111 113 0.7 0.8 0.8

Utah..................................................................... 15 18 23 0.9 1.0 1.3

Vermont................................................................. 3 4 3 1.0 1.2 1.1

Virginia.................................................................. 26 41 44 0.6 1.0 1.1

Washington............................................................. 28 24 32 0.8 0.7 0.9

West Virginia........................................................... 6 8 9 0.9 1.2 1.2

Wisconsin............................................................... 34 28 26 1.1 0.9 0.9

Wyoming................................................................ 3 3 4 1.1 1.1 1.2

p Preliminary