U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – MAY 2020 

Prices for U.S. imports increased 1.0 percent in May, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

after declining 2.6 percent in April and 2.4 percent in March. The May advance was led by higher fuel 

prices. The price index for U.S. exports rose 0.5 percent in May following a 3.3-percent drop the previous 

month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: May 2019 – May 2020

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports rose 1.0 percent in May, the largest 1-month advance since the index increased 1.0 

percent in February 2019. In May, the advance was driven by higher fuel prices; nonfuel prices also 

increased. Despite the May increase, the price index for U.S. imports decreased 6.0 percent from May 2019 

to May 2020. (See table 1.) 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on May 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make any changes to either the collection method or estimation 

methodology for the May release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for May 

were 4.5 percentage points lower than those in May 2019. A small number of indexes that are normally 

published were not published in May. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/importexport-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-may-2020.htm. 

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 12, 2020 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-20-1189
2

Fuel Imports: Import prices for fuel increased 20.5 percent in May following declines of 31.0 percent, 26.6 

percent, and 9.1 percent the previous 3 months. The May advance was the largest rise since the index was 

first published monthly in September 1992. A 21.7-percent increase in petroleum prices led the overall 

advance in fuel prices; a 7.2-percent rise in natural gas prices also contributed to the increase. Prices for 

petroleum and natural gas both decreased the previous month, falling 32.6 percent and 3.1 percent, 

respectively. Despite the record advance in May, import fuel prices declined 49.6 percent over the past 12 

months. Prices for petroleum also fell for the year ended in May, declining 51.5 percent. In contrast, natural 

gas prices advanced 15.8 percent over the same period. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Import prices excluding fuel ticked up 0.1 percent in May following a 0.5-

percent drop the previous month. In May, rising prices for foods, feeds, and beverages and consumer goods 

more than offset declining prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials and automotive vehicles. The 

price index for imports excluding fuels decreased 0.7 percent over the past 12 months. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.8 percent 

in May, after decreasing 3.3 percent in April. The May decline was led by 1.6-percent drops in unfinished 

metals prices and chemicals prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in May. Consumer goods prices ticked up 0.1 percent, 

after edging down 0.1 percent in April. Prices for automotive vehicles fell 0.1 percent following a 0.4-

percent advance in April. The price index for capital goods was unchanged in May, after rising 0.2 percent 

the previous month. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages rose 2.2 percent in May following a 

1.6-percent decline in April. The May rise was driven by higher prices for vegetables, meat, and fruit. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: May 2019 – May 2020 

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 0.5 percent in May, after falling 3.3 percent in April, 1.4 percent in March, and 

1.2 percent in February. Higher nonagricultural prices in May more than offset lower prices for agricultural 

exports. Despite the May advance, the price index for U.S. exports declined 6.0 percent over the past 12 

months. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports declined 0.5 percent in May following a 3.1-

percent drop in April. In May, lower prices for corn, dairy products, and soybeans more than offset higher 

prices for meat, vegetables, and cotton. Agricultural export prices fell 3.5 percent over the past year driven 

by lower prices for corn, vegetables, cotton, nuts, and dairy products. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports rose 0.6 percent in May, 

after declining 5.7 percent from January to April. In May, rising prices for nonagricultural industrial 

supplies and materials more than offset declining prices for capital goods, consumer goods, automotive 

vehicles, and nonagricultural foods. Despite the May increase, nonagricultural export prices decreased 6.3 

percent over the past year, led by lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

advanced 2.3 percent in May, after a 9.9-percent decrease the previous month. The May increase was driven 

by a 9.2-percent rise in export fuel prices which followed a 27.7-percent decline in April. 

Finished Goods: Each of the major finished goods indexes decreased in May. Capital goods prices declined 

0.2 percent, the largest decrease since the index fell 0.2 percent in October 2019. Prices for consumer goods 

decreased 0.2 percent in May following declines of 0.3 percent in April and 0.6 percent in March. The 

largest contributor to the May drop was a 0.3-percent decline in the price index for medicinal, dental, and 

pharmaceutical materials. Automotive vehicles prices edged down 0.1 percent for the second consecutive 

month in May. 

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May'19 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China were unchanged in May following a 0.1-percent 

advance in April. The price index for imports from China declined 1.0 percent from May 2019 to May 2020, 

the smallest 12-month drop since the index fell 1.0 percent for the year ended March 2019. Prices for 

imports from Japan declined 0.3 percent in May, the largest monthly decrease since a 0.3-percent drop in 

October 2017. Import prices from Japan fell 0.4 percent for the year ended in May, the largest 12-month 

decline since the index decreased 1.1 percent from December 2016 to December 2017. The price indexes for 

imports from Canada and Mexico each increased in May, rising 3.6 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively. In 

contrast, prices for imports from the European Union edged down 0.1 percent for the second consecutive 

month. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China increased 2.7 percent in May following 

consecutive 2.1-percent declines in April and March. The May advance was the largest 1-month rise since 

the index was first published in December 2017. Despite the May increase, the price index for exports to 

China fell 3.7 percent over the past 12 months. Export prices to Japan rose 1.7 percent in May, after 

decreasing 7.8 percent from January to April. Prices for exports to Japan declined 5.7 percent for the year 

ended in May. The price indexes for exports to Canada, Mexico, and the European Union all increased in 

May following declines in each of the previous 3 months. In May, export prices to Canada advanced 0.7 

percent, prices for exports to Mexico rose 1.5 percent, and export prices to the European Union increased 

0.6 percent. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 

increased 2.7 percent in May following declines of 2.2 percent in April and 2.1 percent in March. The index 

for U.S. terms of trade with Japan advanced 2.1 percent in May, after a 3.9-percent drop the previous month. 

The U.S. terms of trade with Japan advanced in May because of higher export prices to Japan and lower 

import prices from Japan. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also 

rose in May, increasing 0.6 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. In contrast, the U.S. terms of trade with 

Canada declined 2.8 percent in May, after increasing 7.6 percent in April. The May decrease was the largest 

monthly drop since the index fell 6.6 percent in February 2019. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares edged down 0.1 percent in May following a 12.3-percent decrease in 

April and a 9.8-percent drop in March. In May, falling Latin American/Caribbean and Asian fares more than 

offset higher European fares. The index for import air passenger fares decreased 21.7 percent for the year 

ended in May, the largest over-the-year drop since the index was first published in March 1988. Import air 

freight prices rose 27.5 percent in May, after advancing 39.9 percent in April. Those are the two largest 

increases since the index was first published monthly in December 2005. Prices for import air freight rose 

80.1 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.) 

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares declined 0.5 percent in May, after decreasing 20.0 percent 

over the previous 3 months. The May drop was led by lower European and Latin American/Caribbean fares. 

In contrast, Asian fares rose 10.4 percent in May. Export air passenger fares fell 15.2 percent over the past 

year, the largest 12-month drop since the index fell 15.6 percent for the year ended October 2015. Export air 

freight prices increased 0.7 percent in May following a 2.4-percent drop the previous month. Prices for 

export air freight declined 1.0 percent from May 2019 to May 2020. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for June are scheduled for release on Wednesday, July 15, 2020 at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 118.2 119.4 -6.0 -0.7 -2.4 -2.6 1.0

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 88.814 98.7 98.6 -0.7 0.1 0.1 -0.5 -0.1

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 95.557 111.6 111.7 -0.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.1

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 95.208 115.6 115.7 -0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.394 176.1 180.0 -1.4 1.2 -1.0 -1.6 2.2

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.923 190.2 196.8 -1.9 1.1 -1.0 -1.7 3.5

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.471 145.3 142.4 0.6 1.5 -0.9 -1.0 -2.0

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 18.932 143.1 149.7 -23.9 -3.3 -10.3 -12.3 4.6

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.699 149.9 149.0 -2.9 0.3 -0.3 -3.2 -0.6

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.157 170.3 168.9 -3.5 0.9 0.2 -3.3 -0.8

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.901 164.0 162.9 -1.6 1.6 0.6 -4.2 -0.7

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.589 132.3 131.6 -5.3 -1.6 -1.8 -1.8 -0.5

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 4.792 97.6 117.6 -49.6 -9.1 -26.6 -31.0 20.5

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 4.443 101.8 123.9 -51.5 -9.0 -27.2 -32.6 21.7

Crude........................................ 10000 2.523 86.3 113.7 -57.8 -10.9 -34.1 -36.9 31.7

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.349 91.0 96.4 8.0 -12.3 -13.5 -2.6 5.9

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.287 79.2 84.9 15.8 -14.0 -15.8 -3.1 7.2

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.519 107.1 107.6 -10.6 -0.7 -0.5 -1.7 0.5

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.720 150.8 148.9 -6.4 -0.3 -0.4 -1.8 -1.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.568 141.5 141.7 0.6 1.7 1.9 -4.6 0.1

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.586 228.5 224.8 -3.0 3.5 1.1 -7.9 -1.6

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.862 155.5 155.6 -1.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.1 0.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.885 112.3 112.0 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3

Capital goods................................... 2 30.120 88.0 88.0 -0.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.844 121.6 121.6 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.790 79.8 79.9 -0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.486 135.3 135.3 -0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 16.544 110.8 110.7 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 28.010 106.4 106.5 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.850 124.0 124.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.887 90.6 90.6 -1.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.273 – 113.6 -2.5 0.0 -4.5 – –

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 118.5 119.1 -6.0 -1.2 -1.4 -3.3 0.5

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.431 170.8 170.0 -3.5 -2.9 -1.5 -3.1 -0.5

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 84.233 101.1 101.0 -0.6 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.569 114.5 115.2 -6.3 -1.1 -1.4 -3.3 0.6

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.756 174.9 173.9 -2.7 -3.0 -1.6 -2.9 -0.6

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.174 172.8 172.0 -2.8 -3.2 -1.4 -3.2 -0.5

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.582 213.7 210.6 -1.1 -0.5 -3.8 0.7 -1.5

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 29.261 127.9 130.7 -17.5 -3.3 -4.0 -9.6 2.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.012 167.6 168.1 1.8 1.7 -0.5 -1.8 0.3

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 18.249 111.6 115.3 -25.9 -5.6 -5.7 -13.8 3.3

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.226 163.0 162.5 -7.8 -1.0 -2.1 -2.1 -0.3

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 28.035 126.8 129.7 -17.9 -3.4 -4.0 -9.9 2.3

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 7.011 100.1 109.3 -43.4 -10.5 -11.6 -27.7 9.2

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 20.050 154.5 154.4 -2.2 0.8 -0.3 -1.9 -0.1

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.974 117.7 117.5 -3.8 0.0 1.5 -0.1 -0.2

Capital goods................................... 2 38.680 111.6 111.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.2

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 4.000 119.9 119.6 1.4 1.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.3

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 25.146 95.2 95.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.534 184.5 184.3 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.355 114.3 114.2 -0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.947 109.5 109.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.243 107.5 107.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.3

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.240 107.7 107.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 -0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.464 – 92.7 -6.6 -0.2 -5.4 – –

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2019 to May 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 4.954 58.7 70.0 -44.6 -7.9 -25.5 -24.4 19.3

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.897 169.1 179.5 -4.0 1.5 -1.8 -3.3 6.2

Crop production............................... 111 1.548 179.8 194.8 -3.9 2.9 -1.1 -2.9 8.3

Mining............................................ 21 3.057 43.1 54.9 -54.5 -10.4 -32.3 -33.4 27.4

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 2.790 40.7 52.9 -56.2 -11.0 -33.4 -35.4 30.0

Manufacturing..................................... 94.747 109.2 109.3 -1.9 0.1 -0.5 -1.1 0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.932 125.0 125.4 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.653 152.2 154.1 -1.2 0.0 -0.6 -1.4 1.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.239 129.2 128.3 4.3 2.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.7

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.382 97.0 97.1 -2.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.8 0.1

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.984 106.8 106.6 -2.6 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.943 112.8 112.9 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.731 124.2 124.3 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.088 116.7 117.3 -7.8 -0.6 -1.9 -4.4 0.5

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 0.818 97.5 97.6 – 3.1 3.7 -8.5 0.1

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.027 105.6 105.8 -6.5 -0.3 0.0 -1.5 0.2

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 1.734 61.3 66.7 -36.8 -4.6 -13.4 -26.8 8.8

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.673 136.3 135.5 -3.0 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -0.6

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.496 118.6 118.5 -0.6 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.137 131.3 131.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 64.727 103.3 103.2 -0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.152 152.5 150.7 -3.1 2.7 0.8 -6.4 -1.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.396 126.3 126.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 8.147 119.3 119.3 0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.961 71.9 72.0 -1.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.798 117.9 117.8 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.622 109.7 109.6 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.998 115.3 115.0 -2.1 0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.654 117.4 117.3 -0.7 0.3 -1.4 0.0 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2019 to May 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 7.920 95.1 103.3 -22.5 -6.9 -10.6 -11.4 8.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.588 141.3 139.7 -5.3 -4.2 -1.4 -4.8 -1.1

Crop production............................... 111 4.225 147.5 145.7 -5.4 -4.2 -1.5 -5.1 -1.2

Mining............................................ 21 3.333 45.6 55.6 -37.0 -9.4 -19.5 -18.9 21.9

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.242 95.7 93.4 -20.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -2.4

Manufacturing..................................... 90.858 112.8 112.4 -4.2 -0.6 -0.4 -2.5 -0.4

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.960 138.1 138.3 -1.8 -1.1 -1.4 -0.9 0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.728 154.3 154.6 -2.3 -1.7 -1.8 -1.6 0.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.684 124.4 124.0 1.7 0.2 -0.7 2.1 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 22.767 99.5 98.4 -16.2 -2.9 -1.1 -8.8 -1.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.495 96.4 96.0 -3.3 -0.2 1.7 2.2 -0.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.571 118.3 118.2 -6.8 -0.3 -0.3 0.8 -0.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 3.655 61.3 58.9 -49.7 -11.5 -4.2 -34.3 -3.9

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.525 113.9 113.1 -5.4 -0.2 -0.3 -2.2 -0.7

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.437 117.2 117.4 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.875 118.0 117.6 -0.2 0.2 1.8 -0.6 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 61.132 116.0 115.9 0.9 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.473 158.6 160.0 10.0 3.5 -0.6 -1.2 0.9

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.220 149.4 149.5 1.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 10.344 130.6 130.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 14.557 82.6 82.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.981 117.8 117.6 -0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 18.569 129.8 129.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.421 124.8 124.7 1.7 1.0 0.9 0.0 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.565 118.2 117.7 -1.8 0.2 -1.2 -0.3 -0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.383 188.7 192.2 -2.5 -1.2 -2.4 -2.7 1.9

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.371 249.3 283.4 6.7 -0.8 -3.5 -3.6 13.7

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.747 136.2 131.6 -6.1 -1.7 -1.4 -2.6 -3.4

Vegetable products............................... II 1.916 200.1 214.5 -4.0 2.9 -1.3 -2.0 7.2

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.443 430.4 492.5 -2.3 1.9 -15.5 2.2 14.4

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.696 108.6 115.8 -17.2 6.9 6.8 -6.1 6.6

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.361 211.7 214.1 10.0 3.7 -0.3 -1.1 1.1

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.253 84.3 85.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.1 -5.5 0.9

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.162 169.5 168.4 1.9 0.9 0.4 -0.6 -0.6

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.215 100.7 101.1 4.7 1.4 2.8 -4.8 0.4

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.387 170.7 168.7 -0.8 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 -1.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.184 140.0 138.7 4.3 2.3 0.1 -0.3 -0.9

Mineral products.................................. V 5.020 102.1 121.7 -47.8 -8.5 -25.8 -29.2 19.2

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 4.660 96.7 116.7 -49.4 -9.2 -26.6 -30.8 20.7

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.018 154.7 154.0 -2.0 0.1 -0.3 -1.1 -0.5

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.489 275.8 269.3 -12.3 -1.2 -1.4 -4.2 -2.4

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.188 121.7 120.4 -5.8 0.8 -0.2 -4.0 -1.1

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.189 154.7 154.7 1.2 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.656 103.3 103.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.7 -0.3 -0.2

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.621 100.9 101.1 -2.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.778 137.5 136.5 -3.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.8 -0.7

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.529 139.3 138.1 -3.7 -0.4 -0.5 -1.2 -0.9

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.250 136.0 135.5 -1.2 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 -0.4

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.654 125.0 125.4 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.3

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.627 131.8 132.3 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.4

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.844 141.9 141.5 -0.4 3.2 3.8 -8.4 -0.3

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 0.818 97.7 97.5 – 3.2 3.9 -8.6 -0.2

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.055 110.7 111.0 -7.5 -0.4 0.0 -1.8 0.3

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.736 105.7 105.9 -4.7 -0.2 -0.2 -1.7 0.2

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 5.097 114.2 114.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 2.068 105.1 105.1 0.4 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.710 122.0 122.0 1.3 -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.0

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.669 101.1 100.8 -2.8 0.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.3

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May

2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.453 124.4 124.5 1.8 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.215 122.7 122.8 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 1.019 132.1 132.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.020 195.3 194.6 10.3 5.4 -0.3 -6.1 -0.4

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.585 163.6 162.5 -7.9 -0.8 -0.7 -1.9 -0.7

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.144 195.3 187.0 -14.9 1.1 -0.6 -2.4 -4.2

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.762 146.1 145.8 -2.9 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.2

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.387 235.7 243.8 -14.7 -7.2 -1.3 -7.1 3.4

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.902 120.4 119.2 -9.9 -1.3 -0.7 -3.2 -1.0

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.486 122.9 122.8 -0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.560 134.2 133.8 -1.8 -0.1 -0.4 0.2 -0.3

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 32.090 78.9 79.0 -0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.283 84.5 84.6 -1.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.806 73.7 73.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.595 114.6 114.5 0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 13.414 113.8 113.7 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.304 102.1 102.0 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.1

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 4.017 98.2 98.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.677 111.1 111.0 -1.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.944 116.9 116.7 -1.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.449 101.7 101.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.284 127.2 127.2 -1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.971 204.6 204.6 -5.1 -1.9 -1.4 -3.0 0.0

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.156 156.1 163.5 -3.5 -2.4 0.1 -4.9 4.7

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.366 117.6 114.9 -2.0 -1.2 -5.1 2.1 -2.3

Vegetable products............................... II 4.235 184.5 181.5 -4.1 -4.7 -1.1 -4.1 -1.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.945 128.0 128.1 -2.8 -0.7 0.3 -6.4 0.1

Cereals............................................ 10 1.404 185.8 177.7 -3.3 -0.2 -1.0 -6.3 -4.4

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.481 186.6 182.9 1.6 -5.4 1.2 -2.0 -2.0

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.110 149.3 151.5 -0.3 -1.0 -2.8 -1.2 1.5

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100). . . .. 20 0.343 97.9 98.1 – -0.8 -0.5 -0.7 0.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.621 100.2 100.1 3.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.514 93.2 101.2 -4.9 0.9 -5.8 -8.1 8.6

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.750 215.9 217.0 2.2 -4.2 -6.0 2.2 0.5

Mineral products.................................. V 6.991 121.0 131.6 -43.5 -10.4 -11.4 -27.6 8.8

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.378 85.6 82.6 -18.1 -0.8 -3.4 -3.2 -3.5

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 6.406 112.2 123.2 -45.1 -11.0 -11.9 -29.3 9.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.300 135.0 134.2 -3.7 -0.3 -0.4 -1.2 -0.6

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.737 137.8 140.2 -6.5 -5.0 -0.7 -0.9 1.7

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.523 134.2 131.1 -9.5 0.1 -0.1 -3.2 -2.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.276 106.3 106.0 -0.7 0.1 -0.7 -1.0 -0.3

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.555 103.8 103.6 -1.4 0.1 -1.0 -0.1 -0.2

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.908 128.1 128.0 -3.1 -0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.519 125.6 125.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.4

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.118 157.3 156.7 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.4

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.306 139.1 137.6 -4.4 0.4 0.1 -2.0 -1.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.393 136.3 134.5 -4.7 0.3 0.2 -1.9 -1.3

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.913 149.6 149.2 -3.4 0.5 -0.3 -2.1 -0.3

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.608 95.1 95.2 -3.4 -0.1 2.5 2.4 0.1

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.868 120.8 122.7 -2.1 0.4 1.3 1.3 1.6

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.492 111.5 119.5 – 4.8 5.7 5.0 7.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.079 123.3 122.7 -2.4 -1.1 0.0 0.6 -0.5

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.718 116.0 117.2 -5.3 -0.6 -1.4 -2.6 1.0

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.442 103.0 106.9 -15.8 -1.6 -4.3 -9.8 3.8

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.846 126.5 126.3 -0.9 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May

2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.411 100.0 100.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.965 270.3 273.1 13.1 4.4 -1.9 -0.8 1.0

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.655 150.3 150.1 -6.5 -1.1 -0.3 -3.2 -0.1

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.451 152.3 155.3 -17.6 -5.1 -1.2 -10.7 2.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.686 94.3 91.6 -13.9 1.7 -1.8 -4.9 -2.9

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.358 155.9 155.9 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 30.030 98.2 98.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 17.928 116.4 116.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 12.101 78.7 78.7 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.093 138.0 137.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.475 116.6 116.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 6.342 110.3 110.1 1.0 0.3 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.419 113.7 113.3 0.3 0.9 -0.1 0.1 -0.4

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.793 132.8 132.7 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.3 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.462 88.2 87.2 -1.0 1.7 -1.1 -0.2 -1.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: May 2019 to May 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 117.3 118.3 -8.1 -1.4 -2.6 -3.5 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 5.152 78.3 94.4 -54.6 -12.9 -27.1 -30.0 20.6

Manufacturing................................ 94.344 120.0 119.7 -1.5 0.0 -0.2 -1.4 -0.3

Canada.......................................... 100.000 108.9 112.8 -23.0 -4.6 -7.9 -9.6 3.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.258 72.7 89.1 -56.5 -13.6 -28.4 -31.6 22.6

Manufacturing................................ 82.846 124.4 124.2 -5.8 -0.5 -0.1 -3.5 -0.2

European Union............................... 100.000 136.8 136.7 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing................................ 98.982 133.0 132.9 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 126.4 126.3 -1.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 -0.1

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 113.4 112.6 0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.7

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 118.7 121.5 -0.4 0.7 0.4 -4.5 2.4

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 137.1 139.4 -7.2 -0.8 -2.4 -2.6 1.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.894 158.0 184.4 -35.5 -6.6 -19.3 -19.7 16.7

Manufacturing................................ 89.803 118.8 118.8 -1.5 0.2 0.5 -0.2 0.0

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 124.1 125.7 -2.9 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 1.3

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 5.575 90.6 105.6 -35.6 -3.1 -13.6 -19.3 16.6

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 94.130 87.8 88.2 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.8 0.5

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 97.6 97.7 -0.7 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.1 98.1 -1.0 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.6 96.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 97.6 95.2 -3.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.8 -2.5

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 85.0 85.2 -3.7 -0.5 -0.2 -0.8 0.2

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.3 97.6 0.8 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.3

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 128.8 141.6 -25.7 -2.7 -21.7 -5.7 9.9

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: May 2019 to May 2020

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 98.4 99.1 -4.1 -1.0 -1.6 -2.5 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.420 71.5 80.4 -29.3 -8.3 -13.8 -14.4 12.4

Manufacturing................................ 91.350 101.8 101.6 -1.2 -0.3 -0.1 -1.4 -0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 98.5 99.2 -5.4 -1.4 -2.1 -2.8 0.7

European Union............................... 100.000 100.3 100.9 -3.9 -0.9 -1.4 -2.3 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.777 67.6 75.1 -32.4 -7.1 -14.3 -14.9 11.1

Manufacturing................................ 92.147 104.0 103.7 -1.0 -0.3 -0.1 -1.1 -0.3

Germany........................................ 100.000 104.2 105.4 2.4 -0.2 0.4 -1.3 1.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 91.8 91.7 -10.7 -3.1 -0.9 -5.8 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.004 90.5 91.6 -12.5 -5.7 -4.1 -5.3 1.2

Manufacturing................................ 92.469 91.9 91.8 -10.5 -3.0 -0.6 -5.9 -0.1

Mexico........................................... 100.000 92.8 94.2 -7.3 -2.5 -0.6 -5.2 1.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 5.602 88.2 88.1 -10.1 -5.1 -1.5 -3.8 -0.1

Manufacturing................................ 93.779 93.0 94.5 -7.2 -2.3 -0.5 -5.4 1.6

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 95.5 96.4 -3.6 -0.7 -1.3 -2.2 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.638 72.5 78.9 -19.8 -4.0 -9.9 -13.6 8.8

Manufacturing................................ 86.791 100.4 100.0 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.4

China............................................ 100.000 92.2 94.7 -3.7 -0.9 -2.1 -2.1 2.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.421 56.8 69.6 -28.2 -7.9 -18.0 -20.8 22.5

Manufacturing................................ 89.464 99.8 100.4 0.7 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.6

Japan............................................ 100.000 92.7 94.3 -5.7 -1.2 -2.7 -4.0 1.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.510 63.5 72.0 -30.3 -5.9 -15.5 -18.6 13.4

Manufacturing................................ 83.562 99.5 99.7 0.7 -0.3 0.2 -0.8 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: May 2019 to May 20201

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 102.7 102.5 4.4 0.4 1.1 1.1 -0.2

Canada.................................................. 118.9 115.6 22.7 3.4 6.3 7.6 -2.8

European Union...................................... 98.7 99.3 -3.3 -0.7 -1.2 -2.2 0.6

Germany................................................ 105.8 107.7 2.1 -0.4 0.6 -1.3 1.8

Latin America3

........................................ 99.7 97.9 -3.8 -2.3 1.5 -3.4 -1.8

Mexico.................................................. 96.5 96.7 -4.4 -2.3 0.0 -4.5 0.2

Pacific Rim4............................................ 96.3 97.1 -2.9 -0.7 -1.2 -2.2 0.8

China.................................................... 94.1 96.6 -2.7 -0.7 -2.1 -2.2 2.7

Japan.................................................... 91.6 93.5 -5.4 -1.1 -2.7 -3.9 2.1

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: May 2019

to May 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20201

Index Percent change

Apr.

2020

May

2020

Annual Monthly

May

2019 to

May

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Apr.

2020 to

May

2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 252.8 322.4 80.1 -1.0 2.5 39.9 27.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.925 218.2 214.8 45.2 0.2 -0.6 51.9 -1.6

Asia.................................................. 60.951 246.7 360.0 114.5 -1.7 4.6 43.5 45.9

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 163.4 164.5 -1.0 -0.4 -0.1 -2.4 0.7

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 31.616 151.8 151.8 -0.5 -1.0 -0.3 -2.1 0.0

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 207.5 248.0 48.2 1.2 1.0 23.6 19.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.196 165.8 164.1 20.6 -0.2 -0.2 25.2 -1.0

Asia.................................................. 60.282 201.6 267.8 72.2 2.3 1.7 27.8 32.8

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 157.4 158.4 9.4 26.8 -19.1 2.4 0.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 33.846 176.3 176.3 13.7 -0.8 0.1 9.4 0.0

Asia.................................................. 46.522 151.5 153.2 11.4 59.1 -33.1 -0.5 1.1

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 136.3 136.2 -21.7 0.2 -9.8 -12.3 -0.1

Europe............................................... 38.686 134.4 136.4 -30.7 0.6 -12.9 -26.0 1.5

Asia.................................................. 26.689 125.5 121.9 -11.1 -7.2 -7.4 11.8 -2.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 9.665 144.8 125.6 -17.3 8.7 -7.4 -3.9 -13.3

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 126.3 125.7 -15.2 -9.3 -4.2 -7.9 -0.5

Europe............................................... 26.316 143.5 138.1 -27.8 -2.0 -4.3 -16.4 -3.8

Asia.................................................. 25.763 112.6 124.3 -5.6 -13.9 -5.0 -6.9 10.4

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 28.992 148.8 140.1 -7.6 -13.0 -2.3 -1.3 -5.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

16
17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
18 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.