For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, August 1, 2023 USDL-23-1686

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2023

The number of job openings was little changed at 9.6 million on the last business day of June, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations

decreased to 5.9 million and 5.6 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.8 million) decreased, 

while layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number 

and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of June, the number of job openings was little changed at 9.6 million, while the 

rate was unchanged at 5.8 percent. In June, job openings increased in health care and social assistance 

(+136,000) and in state and local government, excluding education (+62,000). Job openings decreased in 

transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-78,000), state and local government education (-29,000), and 

federal government (-21,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In June, the number of hires decreased to 5.9 million (-326,000), while the rate was little changed at 3.8 

percent. Hires decreased in durable goods manufacturing (-54,000) and in finance and insurance

(-54,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

 4.4

 4.8

 5.2

 5.6

 6.0

 6.4

 6.8

 7.2

 7.6

Jun-21 Dec-21 Jun-22 Dec-22 Jun-23

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

June 2021 - June 2023

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

Jun-21 Dec-21 Jun-22 Dec-22 Jun-23

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

June 2021 - June 2023
- 2 -

by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in June decreased to 5.6 million (-288,000), while the rate was little 

changed at 3.6 percent. Over the month, the number of total separations decreased in retail trade

(-134,000), health care and social assistance (-84,000), and durable goods manufacturing (-54,000). The 

number of total separations increased in professional and business services (+129,000). (See table 3.)

In June, the number and rate of quits decreased to 3.8 million (-295,000) and 2.4 percent, respectively. 

The number of quits decreased in several industries, with the largest decreases in retail trade (-95,000), 

health care and social assistance (-75,000), and construction (-51,000). The number of quits increased in 

arts, entertainment, and recreation (+20,000). (See table 4.)

In June, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.5 million, and the rate held at 1.0

percent. Layoffs and discharges increased in professional and business services (+112,000). The number 

of layoffs and discharges decreased in durable goods manufacturing (-26,000) and in wholesale trade

(-26,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in June at 339,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In June, establishments with 1 to 9 employees saw a decrease in their quits rates and an increase in their 

other separations rates. Establishments with more than 5,000 employees saw increases in their quits

rates. (See table 7.)

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for July 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, August 29, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 10,961 9,616 9,582 6,448 6,231 5,905 5,991 5,925 5,637

Total private....................................... 9,995 8,496 8,452 6,047 5,828 5,517 5,597 5,579 5,322

Mining and logging............................. 35 32 30 29 29 24 20 25 23

Construction.................................... 383 379 374 361 361 346 332 341 305

Manufacturing.................................. 852 608 582 477 451 393 436 445 387

Durable goods............................... 546 379 356 244 250 196 234 238 184

Nondurable goods........................... 307 229 226 234 201 197 202 207 203

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,616 1,638 1,542 1,295 1,325 1,179 1,168 1,346 1,179

Wholesale trade............................. 283 252 269 185 170 143 171 173 145

Retail trade................................... 842 816 780 763 819 726 685 847 713

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 491 571 493 348 336 310 312 326 321

Information...................................... 220 190 181 119 67 83 100 83 87

Financial activities.............................. 635 430 436 212 233 189 202 203 170

Finance and insurance..................... 499 306 307 150 171 117 144 145 110

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 136 124 129 62 62 72 58 58 60

Professional and business services......... 2,166 1,695 1,694 1,265 1,117 1,135 1,218 1,014 1,143

Education and health services............... 2,153 1,905 2,028 873 948 878 781 889 800

Educational services........................ 162 204 192 112 99 98 90 89 83

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,991 1,701 1,837 761 849 780 691 801 717

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,490 1,303 1,222 1,195 1,077 1,079 1,122 1,024 1,012

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 133 154 171 173 150 173 159 141 141

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,357 1,149 1,051 1,023 926 906 963 883 872

Other services.................................. 444 317 363 219 221 213 219 210 214

Government....................................... 967 1,120 1,130 402 403 387 394 346 315

Federal.......................................... 101 181 160 38 51 51 49 44 42

State and local................................. 865 938 970 364 352 337 345 303 273

State and local education.................. 302 338 309 183 185 178 171 156 144

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 563 600 662 181 167 158 173 146 129

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 6.7 5.8 5.8 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.6

Total private....................................... 7.1 6.0 6.0 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.0

Mining and logging............................. 5.4 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.5 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.7

Construction.................................... 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 3.8

Manufacturing.................................. 6.2 4.5 4.3 3.7 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.0

Durable goods............................... 6.4 4.5 4.2 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.3

Nondurable goods........................... 5.9 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.3 5.4 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.7 4.1

Wholesale trade............................. 4.5 4.0 4.3 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.4

Retail trade................................... 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.3 4.7 4.4 5.4 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 6.4 7.3 6.3 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.4

Information...................................... 6.7 5.8 5.5 3.9 2.2 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.8

Financial activities.............................. 6.6 4.5 4.6 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.9

Finance and insurance..................... 7.0 4.4 4.4 2.2 2.5 1.7 2.2 2.2 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 5.4 4.9 5.1 2.6 2.6 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.5

Professional and business services......... 8.8 6.9 6.8 5.6 4.8 4.9 5.4 4.4 5.0

Education and health services............... 8.1 7.0 7.4 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.2

Educational services........................ 4.1 4.9 4.6 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 8.9 7.4 7.9 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.4

Leisure and hospitality........................ 8.6 7.3 6.9 7.6 6.5 6.5 7.1 6.2 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 5.5 5.9 6.5 7.5 6.2 7.1 6.9 5.8 5.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 9.1 7.5 6.9 7.6 6.6 6.4 7.1 6.3 6.2

Other services.................................. 7.2 5.1 5.8 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

Government....................................... 4.2 4.7 4.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4

Federal.......................................... 3.4 5.9 5.2 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5

State and local................................. 4.3 4.5 4.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4

State and local education.................. 2.9 3.1 2.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 5.9 6.1 6.6 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 

industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 

North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists, and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

• The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

• The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future; 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work; and positions to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings—that is, all filled and 

unfilled jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability, and deaths.

Excluded from separations measures are transfers 

within the same location; employees on strike; and 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. 

The sampling frame is made up of 

establishments from two sources: the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the 

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The QCEW 

database contains establishments that cover 

approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in 

the United States. This database is a compilation of 

administrative data from state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs and federal government 

establishments covered by the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) 

program. A frame of railroad establishments is 

provided by the FRA. This is added to the QCEW 

database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame.

The JOLTS estimation method involves the 

following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, 

item nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking 

and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and 

death model estimation, estimates review and outlier 

selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and 

variance estimates. Establishment size class levels are 

also produced. Detailed information about the 

estimation method can be found in the Handbook of 

Methods at 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through 

which the JOLTS weighted employment for each 

estimation cell is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells 

are benchmarked monthly to the current employment 

level from the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked

to ensure that JOLTS weighted employment is equal 

to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many new establishments fail within the 

first year, referred to as a death. Because new and 

short-lived universe establishments cannot be 

reflected in the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, 

and separations from these establishments during 

their early existence. BLS has developed a 

birth/death model that uses establishment birth and 

death activity from previous years as collected by the 

QCEW and projects forward to the present using 

over-the-year change in the CES. The birth/death 

model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate 

the amount of churn (meaning the rates of hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate 

the number of hires and separations that take place in 

these establishments that cannot be measured through 

sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences between the two surveys, as well as 

sampling and nonsampling errors, historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the 

seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) 

is used to seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each 

month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 

including the current month, to calculate new 

seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are 

used as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. 

JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive 

and multiplicative models, as well as regression with 

autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to 

improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 

beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The

JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the 

issuance of data for January. Five years of data are 

subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 

1) benchmarks based on CES employment estimates 

newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal 

adjustment factors, and 3) any needed special 

adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels for each data element by the

sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment 

levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error. 

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. Sampling error estimates are available 

at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

Total............................................... 10,961 9,745 10,320 9,616 9,582 -34 6.7 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.8 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 9,995 8,710 9,291 8,496 8,452 -44 7.1 6.2 6.5 6.0 6.0 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 35 30 36 32 30 -2 5.4 4.6 5.3 4.7 4.5 -0.2

Construction................................ 383 315 347 379 374 -5 4.7 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 852 702 668 608 582 -26 6.2 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 546 422 395 379 356 -23 6.4 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.2 -0.3

Nondurable goods....................... 307 281 273 229 226 -3 5.9 5.4 5.3 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,616 1,436 1,774 1,638 1,542 -96 5.3 4.7 5.8 5.4 5.1 -0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 283 296 259 252 269 17 4.5 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.3 0.3

Retail trade............................... 842 733 954 816 780 -36 5.2 4.5 5.8 5.0 4.8 -0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 491 407 561 571 493 -78 6.4 5.3 7.1 7.3 6.3 -1.0

Information.................................. 220 181 181 190 181 -9 6.7 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.5 -0.3

Financial activities......................... 635 479 565 430 436 6 6.6 5.0 5.8 4.5 4.6 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 499 349 451 306 307 1 7.0 5.0 6.3 4.4 4.4 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 136 130 113 124 129 5 5.4 5.1 4.5 4.9 5.1 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 2,166 1,805 1,718 1,695 1,694 -1 8.8 7.3 7.0 6.9 6.8 -0.1

Education and health services........... 2,153 1,932 2,179 1,905 2,028 123 8.1 7.2 8.0 7.0 7.4 0.4

Educational services.................... 162 210 168 204 192 -12 4.1 5.1 4.1 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,991 1,722 2,010 1,701 1,837 136 8.9 7.5 8.7 7.4 7.9 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,490 1,463 1,463 1,303 1,222 -81 8.6 8.1 8.1 7.3 6.9 -0.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 133 243 241 154 171 17 5.5 9.1 9.0 5.9 6.5 0.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,357 1,220 1,222 1,149 1,051 -98 9.1 8.0 8.0 7.5 6.9 -0.6

Other services.............................. 444 367 361 317 363 46 7.2 5.9 5.8 5.1 5.8 0.7

Government................................... 967 1,034 1,029 1,120 1,130 10 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.7 0.0

Federal...................................... 101 133 149 181 160 -21 3.4 4.4 4.9 5.9 5.2 -0.7

State and local............................. 865 902 881 938 970 32 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.7 0.2

State and local education.............. 302 321 313 338 309 -29 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9 -0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 563 580 568 600 662 62 5.9 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.6 0.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,816 1,623 1,629 1,436 1,509 73 6.3 5.5 5.5 4.9 5.1 0.2

South........................................... 4,337 4,039 4,088 4,035 3,959 -76 7.1 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.4 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 2,357 2,022 2,239 2,106 1,968 -138 6.8 5.7 6.3 5.9 5.6 -0.3

West............................................ 2,450 2,060 2,364 2,039 2,146 107 6.4 5.3 6.0 5.2 5.5 0.3

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

Total............................................... 6,448 6,066 6,101 6,231 5,905 -326 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,047 5,671 5,709 5,828 5,517 -311 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.1 -0.3

Mining and logging......................... 29 24 25 29 24 -5 4.8 3.8 3.9 4.5 3.7 -0.8

Construction................................ 361 383 357 361 346 -15 4.7 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 477 373 393 451 393 -58 3.7 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.0 -0.5

Durable goods........................... 244 216 209 250 196 -54 3.1 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.4 -0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 234 156 183 201 197 -4 4.8 3.2 3.8 4.1 4.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,295 1,195 1,249 1,325 1,179 -146 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.1 -0.5

Wholesale trade......................... 185 149 178 170 143 -27 3.1 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.4 -0.4

Retail trade............................... 763 701 723 819 726 -93 4.9 4.5 4.7 5.3 4.7 -0.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 348 345 348 336 310 -26 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.3 -0.3

Information.................................. 119 117 81 67 83 16 3.9 3.8 2.6 2.2 2.7 0.5

Financial activities......................... 212 198 229 233 189 -44 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.1 -0.4

Finance and insurance................. 150 127 151 171 117 -54 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.5 1.7 -0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 62 71 79 62 72 10 2.6 3.0 3.2 2.6 3.0 0.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,265 1,169 1,205 1,117 1,135 18 5.6 5.1 5.2 4.8 4.9 0.1

Education and health services........... 873 883 885 948 878 -70 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.5 -0.3

Educational services.................... 112 100 101 99 98 -1 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 761 783 784 849 780 -69 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.7 -0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,195 1,089 1,100 1,077 1,079 2 7.6 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 173 170 162 150 173 23 7.5 7.0 6.7 6.2 7.1 0.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,023 919 938 926 906 -20 7.6 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.4 -0.2

Other services.............................. 219 239 185 221 213 -8 3.9 4.1 3.2 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Government................................... 402 395 391 403 387 -16 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 -0.1

Federal...................................... 38 47 45 51 51 0 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 0.0

State and local............................. 364 348 346 352 337 -15 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 -0.1

State and local education.............. 183 170 177 185 178 -7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 181 178 169 167 158 -9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 950 970 942 900 873 -27 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.1 -0.1

South........................................... 2,698 2,490 2,549 2,631 2,512 -119 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Midwest........................................ 1,351 1,247 1,303 1,366 1,241 -125 4.2 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.7 -0.4

West............................................ 1,449 1,359 1,307 1,334 1,278 -56 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

Total............................................... 5,991 5,994 5,660 5,925 5,637 -288 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.6 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,597 5,643 5,306 5,579 5,322 -257 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Mining and logging......................... 20 23 20 25 23 -2 3.3 3.7 3.2 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Construction................................ 332 454 377 341 305 -36 4.3 5.8 4.8 4.3 3.8 -0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 436 394 393 445 387 -58 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.0 -0.4

Durable goods........................... 234 225 199 238 184 -54 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.3 -0.6

Nondurable goods....................... 202 169 194 207 203 -4 4.1 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,168 1,241 1,262 1,346 1,179 -167 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.1 -0.6

Wholesale trade......................... 171 160 188 173 145 -28 2.9 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.4 -0.5

Retail trade............................... 685 747 739 847 713 -134 4.4 4.8 4.8 5.4 4.6 -0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 312 334 335 326 321 -5 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Information.................................. 100 96 71 83 87 4 3.2 3.1 2.3 2.7 2.8 0.1

Financial activities......................... 202 195 207 203 170 -33 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.9 -0.3

Finance and insurance................. 144 121 136 145 110 -35 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.6 -0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 58 74 71 58 60 2 2.4 3.1 2.9 2.4 2.5 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,218 1,134 1,041 1,014 1,143 129 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.0 0.6

Education and health services........... 781 844 777 889 800 -89 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Educational services.................... 90 96 81 89 83 -6 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 691 748 696 801 717 -84 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.4 -0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,122 1,053 967 1,024 1,012 -12 7.1 6.4 5.8 6.2 6.1 -0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 159 166 136 141 141 0 6.9 6.8 5.6 5.8 5.7 -0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 963 887 830 883 872 -11 7.1 6.3 5.9 6.3 6.2 -0.1

Other services.............................. 219 209 190 210 214 4 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.6 0.0

Government................................... 394 351 354 346 315 -31 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 -0.1

Federal...................................... 49 38 41 44 42 -2 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 0.0

State and local............................. 345 313 313 303 273 -30 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 -0.1

State and local education.............. 171 158 158 156 144 -12 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 173 155 155 146 129 -17 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 -0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 858 888 804 864 806 -58 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.9 -0.2

South........................................... 2,565 2,456 2,265 2,604 2,441 -163 4.5 4.3 3.9 4.5 4.2 -0.3

Midwest........................................ 1,221 1,221 1,313 1,218 1,232 14 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.7 0.0

West............................................ 1,346 1,430 1,278 1,239 1,159 -80 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.1 -0.3

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

Total............................................... 4,161 3,842 3,765 4,067 3,772 -295 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.4 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,925 3,630 3,569 3,869 3,588 -281 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Mining and logging......................... 14 15 10 16 15 -1 2.4 2.3 1.6 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Construction................................ 163 143 170 207 156 -51 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.6 2.0 -0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 314 256 248 283 249 -34 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 -0.3

Durable goods........................... 167 144 123 143 113 -30 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.4 -0.4

Nondurable goods....................... 146 112 125 140 136 -4 3.0 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 882 875 887 913 811 -102 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 -0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 105 102 129 115 111 -4 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.8 -0.1

Retail trade............................... 556 560 544 593 498 -95 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.2 -0.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 221 213 213 204 201 -3 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 0.0

Information.................................. 65 44 46 34 46 12 2.1 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.5 0.4

Financial activities......................... 137 125 148 133 125 -8 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 96 73 94 92 76 -16 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 41 52 54 41 48 7 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.7 2.0 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 760 664 594 637 629 -8 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Education and health services........... 589 623 577 675 589 -86 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.3 -0.4

Educational services.................... 61 61 58 61 51 -10 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.3 -0.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 528 561 519 613 538 -75 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.5 -0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 851 751 766 809 836 27 5.4 4.5 4.6 4.9 5.0 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 78 68 78 83 103 20 3.4 2.8 3.2 3.4 4.2 0.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 772 682 687 725 733 8 5.7 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 0.1

Other services.............................. 151 135 125 163 132 -31 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.8 2.3 -0.5

Government................................... 236 212 195 197 184 -13 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Federal...................................... 24 17 18 20 20 0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.0

State and local............................. 212 195 177 177 164 -13 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

State and local education.............. 107 99 101 97 92 -5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 105 96 76 80 72 -8 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 551 528 509 549 452 -97 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.6 -0.4

South........................................... 1,878 1,685 1,608 1,872 1,718 -154 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Midwest........................................ 811 777 795 809 832 23 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 0.1

West............................................ 921 852 853 836 769 -67 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 -0.2

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

Total............................................... 1,477 1,845 1,590 1,546 1,527 -19 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,392 1,763 1,493 1,460 1,456 -4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 5 7 8 8 7 -1 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 -0.2

Construction................................ 160 302 194 127 140 13 2.1 3.8 2.4 1.6 1.8 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 94 118 120 142 114 -28 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 45 66 62 84 58 -26 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 -0.3

Nondurable goods....................... 49 52 58 58 56 -2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 240 289 327 387 315 -72 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 59 50 56 52 26 -26 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.4 -0.5

Retail trade............................... 105 134 166 232 190 -42 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.2 -0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 75 105 105 103 99 -4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0

Information.................................. 32 49 14 41 27 -14 1.0 1.6 0.5 1.3 0.9 -0.4

Financial activities......................... 41 52 44 50 35 -15 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 28 32 28 37 24 -13 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 13 21 15 13 10 -3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 390 423 394 310 422 112 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.8 0.5

Education and health services........... 149 188 151 151 172 21 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.1

Educational services.................... 23 32 21 22 27 5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 125 157 131 130 145 15 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 224 276 188 202 160 -42 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 79 94 56 55 31 -24 3.4 3.9 2.3 2.2 1.3 -0.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 146 182 131 147 129 -18 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Other services.............................. 58 59 53 41 65 24 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.4

Government................................... 85 82 97 86 71 -15 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Federal...................................... 7 6 8 8 7 -1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

State and local............................. 78 76 89 78 63 -15 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 -0.1

State and local education.............. 34 38 38 37 32 -5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 43 38 52 41 31 -10 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 265 323 244 256 263 7 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

South........................................... 519 652 550 616 596 -20 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 348 377 446 342 333 -9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.0

West............................................ 345 493 350 332 335 3 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

Total............................................... 353 306 305 313 339 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 280 250 244 250 279 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 2 1 1 0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1

Construction................................ 9 9 14 7 9 2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 28 20 25 20 24 4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Durable goods........................... 22 15 13 12 13 1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 6 5 11 8 11 3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 46 77 49 47 54 7 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 7 8 3 6 8 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Retail trade............................... 24 53 28 23 25 2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 15 16 17 19 20 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

Information.................................. 4 4 12 8 14 6 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2

Financial activities......................... 24 17 14 20 11 -9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 20 16 13 16 9 -7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 4 1 1 4 1 -3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 68 47 54 66 92 26 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1

Education and health services........... 43 33 49 63 39 -24 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Educational services.................... 6 4 3 5 5 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 38 30 47 57 34 -23 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 47 27 14 13 17 4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 4 2 3 7 4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 45 23 12 10 10 0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Other services.............................. 10 14 12 6 16 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2

Government................................... 73 56 61 63 60 -3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Federal...................................... 18 15 15 15 15 0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0

State and local............................. 55 41 46 48 45 -3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 30 21 19 22 19 -3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 25 20 27 26 26 0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 42 37 50 59 91 32 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

South........................................... 168 119 108 117 127 10 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Midwest........................................ 62 66 73 66 67 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

West............................................ 81 85 74 70 55 -15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May 2023 -

June 2023p

June

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023p

Change

from:

May 2023 -

June 2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private.......................... 9,995 8,710 9,291 8,496 8,452 -44 7.1 6.2 6.5 6.0 6.0 0.0

1 to 9 employees.................. 1,610 1,396 1,731 1,439 1,595 156 7.1 6.1 7.6 6.3 6.8 0.5

10 to 49 employees............... 3,237 2,829 2,758 2,559 2,507 -52 6.7 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.4 -0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 2,791 2,525 2,675 2,514 2,470 -44 7.2 6.3 6.2 6.0 5.9 -0.1

250 to 999 employees............ 1,370 1,040 1,193 1,080 1,006 -74 7.4 5.6 6.7 6.1 5.7 -0.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 721 637 644 643 595 -48 8.4 7.3 8.1 7.9 7.3 -0.6

5,000 or more employees........ 266 283 291 262 279 17 7.4 6.3 7.3 6.5 6.6 0.1

HIRES

Total private.......................... 6,047 5,671 5,709 5,828 5,517 -311 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.1 -0.3

1 to 9 employees.................. 857 930 852 951 833 -118 4.1 4.4 4.0 4.4 3.8 -0.6

10 to 49 employees............... 1,937 1,892 1,853 1,863 1,788 -75 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.0 -0.2

50 to 249 employees............. 1,907 1,693 1,825 1,803 1,832 29 5.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.7 0.2

250 to 999 employees............ 920 773 775 820 715 -105 5.3 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.3 -0.6

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 348 312 322 305 266 -39 4.4 3.8 4.4 4.1 3.5 -0.6

5,000 or more employees........ 78 71 82 86 82 -4 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.3 2.1 -0.2

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................... 5,597 5,643 5,306 5,579 5,322 -257 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 -0.2

1 to 9 employees.................. 719 865 774 805 821 16 3.4 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 0.1

10 to 49 employees............... 1,840 1,920 1,810 1,958 1,799 -159 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.1 -0.3

50 to 249 employees............. 1,739 1,769 1,702 1,722 1,615 -107 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.1 -0.2

250 to 999 employees............ 866 702 699 736 713 -23 5.0 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.3 -0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 371 325 265 294 301 7 4.7 4.0 3.6 3.9 4.0 0.1

5,000 or more employees........ 62 61 57 63 73 10 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 0.2

QUITS

Total private........................ 3,925 3,630 3,569 3,869 3,588 -281 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 -0.2

1 to 9 employees............... 522 461 489 626 501 -125 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.9 2.3 -0.6

10 to 49 employees............ 1,307 1,279 1,280 1,420 1,274 -146 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 -0.3

50 to 249 employees........... 1,284 1,213 1,161 1,165 1,145 -20 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.9 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 553 441 440 450 445 -5 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 219 198 165 169 173 4 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 39 38 34 39 49 10 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.2

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private........................ 1,392 1,763 1,493 1,460 1,456 -4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 144 345 218 160 224 64 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.3

10 to 49 employees............ 451 548 437 451 450 -1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

50 to 249 employees........... 381 501 505 487 420 -67 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 272 245 236 246 241 -5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 129 110 82 102 105 3 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.0

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 16 16 15 15 16 1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private........................ 280 250 244 250 279 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 53 60 67 18 96 78 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3

10 to 49 employees............ 82 93 92 87 74 -13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees........... 74 55 37 70 50 -20 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 41 16 23 40 27 -13 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 23 18 18 24 23 -1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 7 8 7 10 8 -2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

Total..................................................................... 10,812 9,352 9,289 6.6 5.6 5.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 9,809 8,229 8,130 7.0 5.8 5.7

Mining and logging............................................... 34 28 28 5.2 4.2 4.1

Construction....................................................... 386 416 378 4.6 5.0 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 865 588 577 6.3 4.3 4.2

Durable goods.................................................. 557 364 351 6.5 4.3 4.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 309 225 225 5.9 4.4 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,645 1,620 1,513 5.4 5.3 5.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 277 257 261 4.4 4.1 4.1

Retail trade..................................................... 867 794 754 5.3 4.9 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 501 568 498 6.6 7.3 6.5

Information........................................................ 221 189 174 6.6 5.8 5.3

Financial activities................................................ 606 385 407 6.2 4.1 4.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 469 267 276 6.6 3.8 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 137 118 131 5.4 4.7 5.1

Professional and business services............................ 2,108 1,560 1,604 8.5 6.4 6.5

Education and health services.................................. 1,985 1,777 1,891 7.6 6.6 7.0

Educational services.......................................... 159 204 187 4.3 4.9 4.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,826 1,573 1,704 8.2 6.9 7.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,539 1,370 1,212 8.5 7.6 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 133 167 159 4.9 6.3 5.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,406 1,203 1,052 9.2 7.8 6.8

Other services.................................................... 420 296 346 6.8 4.8 5.5

Government.......................................................... 1,003 1,123 1,159 4.4 4.7 4.9

Federal............................................................. 104 170 162 3.5 5.5 5.3

State and local.................................................... 899 953 997 4.5 4.6 4.8

State and local education..................................... 348 352 342 3.4 3.2 3.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 551 601 655 5.6 6.1 6.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,808 1,436 1,460 6.2 4.9 5.0

South................................................................. 4,258 3,879 3,835 7.0 6.3 6.2

Midwest............................................................... 2,335 2,100 1,892 6.7 5.9 5.4

West.................................................................. 2,411 1,937 2,101 6.2 5.0 5.3

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

Total..................................................................... 7,448 6,862 6,777 4.9 4.4 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,949 6,433 6,307 5.3 4.8 4.7

Mining and logging............................................... 32 32 25 5.3 4.9 3.9

Construction....................................................... 427 441 406 5.4 5.5 5.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 576 495 477 4.5 3.8 3.7

Durable goods.................................................. 291 276 229 3.6 3.4 2.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 285 219 248 5.8 4.5 5.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,383 1,408 1,220 4.8 4.9 4.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 210 182 162 3.5 3.0 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 853 925 806 5.5 6.0 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 320 301 252 4.5 4.2 3.5

Information........................................................ 131 72 89 4.2 2.3 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 226 251 191 2.5 2.8 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 157 178 117 2.4 2.7 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 68 73 74 2.8 3.0 3.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,434 1,180 1,273 6.3 5.1 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 935 951 945 3.9 3.8 3.8

Educational services.......................................... 128 87 116 3.6 2.2 3.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 808 864 829 3.9 4.1 3.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,513 1,323 1,398 9.2 7.9 8.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 291 256 309 11.3 10.2 11.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,222 1,067 1,089 8.8 7.5 7.5

Other services.................................................... 291 280 283 5.0 4.8 4.8

Government.......................................................... 499 430 470 2.3 1.9 2.1

Federal............................................................. 35 55 48 1.2 1.9 1.6

State and local.................................................... 465 375 422 2.4 1.9 2.1

State and local education..................................... 166 124 166 1.7 1.2 1.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 299 251 256 3.2 2.7 2.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,186 1,036 1,073 4.3 3.7 3.8

South................................................................. 2,986 2,837 2,778 5.2 4.9 4.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,657 1,590 1,522 5.1 4.8 4.6

West.................................................................. 1,619 1,399 1,403 4.5 3.8 3.8

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

Total..................................................................... 6,393 5,794 5,938 4.2 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,789 5,403 5,464 4.4 4.1 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 19 26 22 3.2 4.0 3.5

Construction....................................................... 319 306 286 4.0 3.8 3.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 467 443 408 3.6 3.4 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 251 236 191 3.1 2.9 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 216 207 218 4.4 4.3 4.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,143 1,214 1,105 4.0 4.2 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 181 169 151 3.0 2.8 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 683 804 701 4.4 5.2 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 279 242 254 3.9 3.4 3.5

Information........................................................ 104 74 90 3.3 2.4 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 214 205 171 2.4 2.2 1.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 150 149 110 2.2 2.2 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 64 56 61 2.7 2.3 2.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,237 991 1,173 5.5 4.3 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 892 917 911 3.7 3.6 3.6

Educational services.......................................... 149 112 136 4.2 2.8 3.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 743 805 775 3.6 3.8 3.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,161 1,003 1,071 7.0 6.0 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 130 102 131 5.1 4.1 4.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,031 900 940 7.4 6.3 6.5

Other services.................................................... 233 225 227 4.0 3.8 3.8

Government.......................................................... 604 392 474 2.7 1.7 2.1

Federal............................................................. 49 42 43 1.7 1.4 1.5

State and local.................................................... 555 350 431 2.9 1.8 2.2

State and local education..................................... 378 226 299 3.8 2.1 2.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 177 124 131 1.9 1.3 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 924 770 874 3.4 2.8 3.1

South................................................................. 2,730 2,619 2,572 4.8 4.5 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,304 1,210 1,299 4.0 3.6 3.9

West.................................................................. 1,434 1,196 1,193 4.0 3.2 3.2

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

Total..................................................................... 4,506 4,103 4,024 2.9 2.6 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,143 3,867 3,734 3.2 2.9 2.8

Mining and logging............................................... 15 17 16 2.5 2.6 2.5

Construction....................................................... 172 199 162 2.2 2.5 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 349 288 276 2.7 2.2 2.1

Durable goods.................................................. 184 144 122 2.3 1.8 1.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 165 144 154 3.4 3.0 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 896 879 787 3.1 3.1 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 107 107 114 1.8 1.8 1.9

Retail trade..................................................... 576 595 502 3.7 3.8 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 213 176 172 3.0 2.4 2.4

Information........................................................ 62 30 44 2.0 1.0 1.4

Financial activities................................................ 139 139 123 1.5 1.5 1.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 95 100 71 1.4 1.5 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 44 39 52 1.8 1.6 2.1

Professional and business services............................ 804 620 667 3.6 2.7 2.9

Education and health services.................................. 652 669 637 2.7 2.7 2.5

Educational services.......................................... 95 74 77 2.6 1.9 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 557 596 560 2.7 2.8 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 897 842 885 5.4 5.0 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 81 69 107 3.1 2.8 3.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 816 773 779 5.9 5.4 5.4

Other services.................................................... 158 185 136 2.7 3.1 2.3

Government.......................................................... 363 235 290 1.7 1.0 1.3

Federal............................................................. 24 20 21 0.8 0.7 0.7

State and local.................................................... 339 215 268 1.8 1.1 1.4

State and local education..................................... 221 136 188 2.2 1.3 1.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 118 79 80 1.3 0.8 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 598 537 480 2.2 1.9 1.7

South................................................................. 2,040 1,893 1,849 3.6 3.3 3.2

Midwest............................................................... 872 831 894 2.7 2.5 2.7

West.................................................................. 996 841 801 2.7 2.3 2.2

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

Total..................................................................... 1,474 1,398 1,533 1.0 0.9 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,365 1,303 1,441 1.0 1.0 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 3 8 5 0.5 1.3 0.7

Construction....................................................... 142 102 118 1.8 1.3 1.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 90 137 107 0.7 1.1 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 44 81 55 0.5 1.0 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 46 56 52 0.9 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 204 291 268 0.7 1.0 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 67 57 29 1.1 0.9 0.5

Retail trade..................................................... 84 186 175 0.5 1.2 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 53 48 64 0.7 0.7 0.9

Information........................................................ 39 38 31 1.3 1.2 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 49 43 38 0.5 0.5 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 35 33 31 0.5 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 14 10 7 0.6 0.4 0.3

Professional and business services............................ 367 319 407 1.6 1.4 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 190 181 229 0.8 0.7 0.9

Educational services.......................................... 44 31 49 1.2 0.8 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 146 150 180 0.7 0.7 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 218 148 164 1.3 0.9 1.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 48 30 17 1.8 1.2 0.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 170 118 147 1.2 0.8 1.0

Other services.................................................... 65 35 73 1.1 0.6 1.2

Government.......................................................... 109 95 91 0.5 0.4 0.4

Federal............................................................. 6 8 7 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local.................................................... 103 88 85 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local education..................................... 71 65 64 0.7 0.6 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 31 23 21 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 277 180 288 1.0 0.6 1.0

South................................................................. 498 617 577 0.9 1.1 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 357 311 333 1.1 0.9 1.0

West.................................................................. 342 291 334 0.9 0.8 0.9

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

Total..................................................................... 413 294 381 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 281 232 289 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 1 1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Construction....................................................... 6 5 6 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 29 19 25 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 23 11 14 0.3 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 6 7 12 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 44 44 51 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 6 4 8 0.1 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 24 22 24 0.2 0.1 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 13 18 18 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 3 6 15 0.1 0.2 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 26 23 9 0.3 0.3 0.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 20 15 8 0.3 0.2 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 6 8 1 0.2 0.3 0.0

Professional and business services............................ 67 52 98 0.3 0.2 0.4

Education and health services.................................. 50 66 45 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 10 7 10 0.3 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 40 60 36 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 46 12 21 0.3 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 3 7 0.1 0.1 0.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 45 9 14 0.3 0.1 0.1

Other services.................................................... 10 5 17 0.2 0.1 0.3

Government.......................................................... 132 61 93 0.6 0.3 0.4

Federal............................................................. 18 15 15 0.6 0.5 0.5

State and local.................................................... 114 47 78 0.6 0.2 0.4

State and local education..................................... 85 25 48 0.9 0.2 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 28 22 30 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 48 53 106 0.2 0.2 0.4

South................................................................. 194 108 145 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 74 68 72 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 97 64 58 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private............................................................ 9,809 8,229 8,130 7.0 5.8 5.7

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 1,472 1,268 1,436 6.5 5.6 6.1

10 to 49 employees................................................. 3,194 2,531 2,433 6.6 5.4 5.2

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,823 2,537 2,453 7.2 6.0 5.8

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,360 1,068 986 7.3 6.0 5.6

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 699 584 553 8.1 7.3 6.7

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 260 240 269 7.2 6.0 6.3

HIRES

Total private............................................................ 6,949 6,433 6,307 5.3 4.8 4.7

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 895 1,003 849 4.2 4.7 3.9

10 to 49 employees................................................. 2,288 2,154 2,077 5.1 4.9 4.7

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,244 2,058 2,176 6.2 5.2 5.5

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,060 852 835 6.1 5.1 5.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 375 284 275 4.7 3.8 3.6

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 87 80 95 2.6 2.1 2.4

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private............................................................ 5,789 5,403 5,464 4.4 4.1 4.1

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 709 771 802 3.4 3.6 3.6

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,941 1,925 1,860 4.3 4.3 4.2

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,806 1,690 1,664 5.0 4.3 4.2

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 898 711 753 5.2 4.3 4.5

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 366 249 300 4.6 3.3 3.9

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 69 56 87 2.0 1.5 2.2

QUITS

Total private.......................................................... 4,143 3,867 3,734 3.2 2.9 2.8

1 to 9 employees................................................. 530 605 502 2.5 2.8 2.3

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 1,397 1,441 1,299 3.1 3.3 2.9

50 to 249 employees............................................. 1,339 1,194 1,212 3.7 3.0 3.1

250 to 999 employees........................................... 599 448 487 3.5 2.7 2.9

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 233 144 178 2.9 1.9 2.3

5,000 or more employees....................................... 44 36 57 1.3 1.0 1.4

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private.......................................................... 1,365 1,303 1,441 1.0 1.0 1.1

1 to 9 employees................................................. 129 150 208 0.6 0.7 0.9

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 461 406 481 1.0 0.9 1.1

50 to 249 employees............................................. 388 429 399 1.1 1.1 1.0

250 to 999 employees........................................... 260 224 237 1.5 1.3 1.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 110 83 96 1.4 1.1 1.3

5,000 or more employees....................................... 17 11 21 0.5 0.3 0.5

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................................................... 281 232 289 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 9 employees................................................. 50 15 91 0.2 0.1 0.4

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 83 78 80 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 79 68 53 0.2 0.2 0.1

250 to 999 employees........................................... 39 39 29 0.2 0.2 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 23 22 26 0.3 0.3 0.3

5,000 or more employees....................................... 7 9 9 0.2 0.3 0.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.