For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 25, 2014 USDL-14-0658 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES —2013 

In 2013, 9.6 percent of families included an unemployed person, down from 10.5 percent in 2012, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Of the nation's 80.4 million families, 80.0 percent had at 

least one employed member in 2013. 

These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as part of the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. Data in this 

release are annual averages. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families 

maintained by women or men without spouses present. Unless otherwise noted, families include those 

without children as well as those with children under age 18. For further information, see the Technical 

Note. 

Families and Unemployment 

The number of families with at least one member unemployed decreased to 7.7 million in 2013 from 

8.4 million in 2012. The proportion of families with an unemployed member decreased to 9.6 percent 

in 2013. Black and Hispanic families remained more likely to have an unemployed member in 2013 

(16.0 percent and 12.9 percent, respectively) than white and Asian families (8.5 percent and 7.8 percent, 

respectively). (See table 1.) 

Two-thirds (67.6 percent) of families with an unemployed member in 2013 also had at least one family 

member who was employed, essentially unchanged from 2012. Among families with an unemployed 

family member, 4.5 million, or 58.0 percent, also had at least one family member who was employed 

full time. (See table 1.) 

Among married-couple families with an unemployed member, the proportion of families with at least 

one employed family member was 79.4 percent in 2013, down from 80.2 percent in 2012. Among 

families maintained by men (no spouse present) with an unemployed member, 56.4 percent had an 

employed member in 2013; for families maintained by women (no spouse present), the proportion was 

47.4 percent. Both proportions increased from 2012. (See table 3.) 

Families and Employment 

The share of families with an employed member was unchanged at 80.0 percent in 2013. The likelihood 

of having an employed family member rose in 2013 for Asian families (to 88.8 percent) and for 
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Hispanic families (to 85.1 percent). The likelihood for white and black families showed little or no 

change (80.1 percent and 75.7 percent, respectively). (See table 1.) 

In 2013, families maintained by women with no spouse present remained less likely to have an 

employed member (73.3 percent) than married-couple families (81.5 percent) or families maintained by 

men with no spouse present (81.7 percent). Both the husband and wife were employed in 47.4 percent of 

married-couple families in 2013. The husband was the only worker in 20.1 percent of married-couple 

families, and the wife was the only worker in 7.8 percent of these families. (See table 2.) 

Families with Children 

In 2013, about 43 percent of all families included children (sons, daughters, step-children, or adopted 

children) under age 18. Among the 34.4 million families with children, 88.2 percent had at least one 

employed parent in 2013. The mother was employed in 68.2 percent of families maintained by women 

with no spouse present in 2013, and the father was employed in 81.2 percent of families maintained by 

men with no spouse present. Among married-couple families with children, 96.3 percent had at least one 

employed parent in 2013. The share of married-couple families with children where both parents worked 

was 59.1 percent. (See table 4.) 

Mothers 

The labor force participation rate—the percent of the population working or looking for work—for all 

mothers with children under age 18 was 69.9 percent in 2013. The participation rate for married mothers 

with a spouse present (67.8 percent) remained lower in 2013 than the rate for mothers with other marital 

statuses (74.2 percent). (Other marital status refers to persons who never married or are widowed, 

divorced, separated, or married but living apart from their spouse.) Married mothers were about as likely 

to be employed as mothers with other marital statuses, with employment-population ratios of 64.5 

percent and 65.3 percent, respectively. However, the unemployment rate of married mothers was 

substantially lower—4.8 percent, compared with 12.0 percent for mothers with other marital statuses. 

(See table 5.) 

Mothers with younger children are less likely to be in the labor force than mothers with older children. 

In 2013, the labor force participation rate of mothers with children under 6 years old (63.9 percent) was 

lower than the rate of those whose youngest child was 6 to 17 years old (74.7 percent). The participation 

rate of mothers with infants under a year old was 57.3 percent. Among mothers with infants, there was 

essentially no difference in the participation rate of married mothers (57.5 percent) and those with other 

marital statuses (56.7 percent). However, the unemployment rate for married mothers of infants, at 4.8 

percent, was considerably lower than the rate for mothers with other marital statuses, at 19.0 percent. 

(See tables 5 and 6.) 

 
- 3 - 

Changes to estimation methodology for tables 5 and 6 

Estimates in tables 5 and 6 of this release have been created using a different estimation 

methodology than was used in past versions of this annual release. This new methodology 

results in higher estimates of mothers and fathers. It was implemented to provide more accurate 

counts of the number of people with children, particularly among those classified in the 

category ′′other marital status.′′ Because of this change, the estimates in tables 5 and 6 of this 

release are not strictly comparable with data for previous years. The change also was applied to 

data for 2012 in tables 5 and 6; therefore, 2012 estimates presented in these tables do not match 

those published in the ′′Employment Characteristics of Families—2012′′ news release. 
Technical Note 

The estimates in this release are based on annual average 

data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS, 

which is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 

eligible households that provides information on the labor 

force status, demographics, and other characteristics of the 

nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. 

The data presented in this release are not strictly 

comparable with data for earlier years due to the introduction 

of updated population estimates, or controls, used in the CPS. 

The population controls are updated each year in January to 

reflect the latest information about population change. 

Additional information is available from the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request: Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies 

depending on the particular sample selected, and this 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 

1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 

sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 

90-percent level of confidence. 

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability 

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing of 

the data. 

Information about the reliability of data from the CPS 

and guidance on estimating standard errors is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Definitions 

Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are 

presented below.

Family. A family is a group of two or more persons 

residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or 

adoption. The count of families is for "primary" families only, 

that is, the householder and all other persons related to and 

residing with the householder. Families are classified either as 

married-couple families or as families maintained by women 

or men without spouses. Families include those without 

children as well as those with children under 18.

Householder. The householder is the family reference 

person. This is the person (or one of the persons) in whose 

name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of 

other individuals in the household is defined in terms of 

relationship to the householder. The race or ethnicity of the 

family is determined by that of the householder. 

Married, spouse present; other marital status. These 

terms denote the marital status of individuals at the time of 

interview. Married, spouse present, refers to husbands and 

wives living together in the same household, even though one 

may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, 

in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status includes 

persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent; 

separated; widowed; or divorced. Separated includes persons 

with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of 

obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or 

temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, 

spouse absent, includes married people living apart because 

either the husband or wife was employed and living at a 

considerable distance from home, was serving away from 

home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had 

a different place of residence for any other reason except 

separation as defined above. 

Children. Data on children refer to own children under 

age 18 that live in the household. Included are sons, daughters, 

step-children, and adopted children of the husband, wife, or 

person maintaining the family. Not included are nieces, 

nephews, grandchildren, other related children, and all 

unrelated children living in the household. 

Employed. Employed persons are all those who, during 

the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as paid 

employees; (b) worked in their own business, profession, or on 

their own farm; (c) or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid 

workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family. 

Persons who were temporarily absent from their jobs because 

of illness, vacation, labor disputes, or another reason also are 

counted as employed.

Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no 

employment during the reference week, were available for 

work at that time, and had made specific efforts to find 

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with 

the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled 

to a job from which they had been laid off need not be looking 

for work to be classified as unemployed. 

Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises 

all persons classified as employed or unemployed. 

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the 

number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. 

Labor force participation rate. The labor force 

participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the 

population. 

Employment-population ratio. The employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the 

population. 
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2012-2013 annual

averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic 2012 2013

EMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES

Total families............................................................................................................ 80,141 80,445

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 64,091 64,318

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 80.0 80.0

With at least one family member employed full time1........................................................ 58,007 58,113

With no family member employed................................................................................. 16,050 16,127

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 20.0 20.0

White

Total families............................................................................................................ 64,246 64,294

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 51,491 51,471

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 80.1 80.1

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 46,710 46,636

With no family member employed................................................................................. 12,755 12,822

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 19.9 19.9

Black or African American

Total families............................................................................................................ 9,671 9,737

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 7,290 7,373

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 75.4 75.7

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 6,419 6,451

With no family member employed................................................................................. 2,380 2,363

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 24.6 24.3

Asian

Total families............................................................................................................ 4,024 4,156

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 3,546 3,692

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 88.1 88.8

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 3,315 3,441

With no family member employed................................................................................. 478 464

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 11.9 11.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total families............................................................................................................ 11,769 12,023

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 9,962 10,231

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 84.6 85.1

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 8,978 9,242

With no family member employed................................................................................. 1,808 1,792

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 15.4 14.9

UNEMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES

Total families............................................................................................................ 80,141 80,445

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 8,444 7,685

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 10.5 9.6

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 5,702 5,192

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 67.5 67.6

Some family member(s) employed full time1

................................................................ 4,902 4,453

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 58.1 58.0

White

Total families............................................................................................................ 64,246 64,294

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 6,133 5,471

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 9.5 8.5

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 4,321 3,845

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 70.5 70.3

Some family member(s) employed full time1

................................................................ 3,719 3,310

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 60.6 60.5

Black or African American

Total families............................................................................................................ 9,671 9,737

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 1,629 1,555

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 16.8 16.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2012-2013 annual

averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic 2012 2013

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 885 880

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 54.3 56.6

Some family member employed full time1................................................................... 752 733

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 46.1 47.1

Asian

Total families............................................................................................................ 4,024 4,156

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 370 323

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 9.2 7.8

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 292 262

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 79.0 81.1

Some family member(s) employed full time1

................................................................ 259 232

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 70.1 72.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total families............................................................................................................ 11,769 12,023

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 1,707 1,547

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 14.5 12.9

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 1,197 1,078

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 70.1 69.7

Some family member(s) employed full time1

................................................................ 1,020 919

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 59.7 59.4

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

NOTE: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder, the family reference person in whose name the housing unit is

owned or rented. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2012-2013 annual

averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2012 2013 2012 2013

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

Total........................................................................................ 58,431 58,529 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed........................................ 47,830 47,722 81.9 81.5

Husband only........................................................................ 11,815 11,755 20.2 20.1

Wife only.............................................................................. 4,696 4,578 8.0 7.8

Husband and wife................................................................... 27,708 27,748 47.4 47.4

Other employment combinations.................................................. 3,612 3,640 6.2 6.2

With no family member employed................................................... 10,601 10,807 18.1 18.5

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN1

Total........................................................................................ 15,517 15,507 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed........................................ 11,236 11,360 72.4 73.3

Householder only.................................................................... 6,403 6,359 41.3 41.0

Householder and other member(s)................................................ 2,896 2,933 18.7 18.9

Other member(s), not householder................................................ 1,937 2,069 12.5 13.3

With no family member employed................................................... 4,281 4,147 27.6 26.7

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN1

Total........................................................................................ 6,192 6,410 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed........................................ 5,025 5,236 81.1 81.7

Householder only.................................................................... 2,514 2,529 40.6 39.5

Householder and other member(s)................................................ 1,622 1,736 26.2 27.1

Other member(s), not householder................................................ 889 971 14.4 15.1

With no family member employed................................................... 1,168 1,174 18.9 18.3

1 No spouse present.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type,

2012-2013 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2012 2013 2012 2013

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

With at least one family member unemployed, total................................. 5,140 4,586 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed................................................... 4,123 3,639 80.2 79.4

No family member employed......................................................... 1,017 946 19.8 20.6

Unemployment of family members

Husband unemployed1

................................................................ 2,066 1,824 40.2 39.8

Wife employed....................................................................... 1,307 1,134 25.4 24.7

Wife unemployed, husband employed or not in labor force...................... 1,567 1,346 30.5 29.4

Husband employed.................................................................. 1,328 1,129 25.8 24.6

Other family member(s) unemployed................................................ 1,507 1,416 29.3 30.9

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN2

With at least one family member unemployed, total................................. 2,372 2,165 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed................................................... 1,081 1,026 45.6 47.4

No family member employed......................................................... 1,290 1,139 54.4 52.6

Unemployment of family members

Householder unemployed............................................................. 1,191 1,053 50.2 48.6

Other member(s) employed........................................................ 250 251 10.6 11.6

Other family member(s) unemployed................................................ 1,180 1,112 49.8 51.4

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN2

With at least one family member unemployed, total................................. 932 934 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed................................................... 497 527 53.3 56.4

No family member employed......................................................... 435 408 46.7 43.6

Unemployment of family members

Householder unemployed............................................................. 535 550 57.4 58.8

Other member(s) employed........................................................ 209 238 22.5 25.5

Other family member(s) unemployed................................................ 397 385 42.6 41.2

1 Total families with unemployed husbands, including those with unemployed wives.

2 No spouse present.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,

2012-2013 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2012 2013 2012 2013

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Total families.............................................................................. 34,566 34,392 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed.................................................................... 30,351 30,336 87.8 88.2

No parent employed................................................................... 4,215 4,056 12.2 11.8

Married-couple families

Total...................................................................................... 23,297 23,259 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed................................................................. 22,429 22,408 96.3 96.3

Mother employed................................................................. 15,243 15,200 65.4 65.4

Both parents employed........................................................ 13,739 13,746 59.0 59.1

Mother employed, not father.................................................. 1,503 1,454 6.5 6.3

Father employed, not mother.................................................... 7,186 7,208 30.8 31.0

Neither parent employed........................................................... 868 851 3.7 3.7

Families maintained by mother1

Total...................................................................................... 8,757 8,575 100.0 100.0

Mother employed.................................................................... 5,872 5,851 67.1 68.2

Mother not employed................................................................ 2,885 2,724 32.9 31.8

Families maintained by father1

Total...................................................................................... 2,512 2,558 100.0 100.0

Father employed..................................................................... 2,050 2,077 81.6 81.2

Father not employed................................................................ 462 481 18.4 18.8

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Total families.............................................................................. 19,577 19,767 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed.................................................................... 17,355 17,592 88.6 89.0

No parent employed................................................................... 2,222 2,175 11.4 11.0

Married-couple families

Total...................................................................................... 12,982 13,183 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed................................................................. 12,471 12,676 96.1 96.2

Mother employed................................................................. 9,028 9,213 69.5 69.9

Both parents employed........................................................ 8,104 8,291 62.4 62.9

Mother employed, not father.................................................. 924 922 7.1 7.0

Father employed, not mother.................................................... 3,443 3,463 26.5 26.3

Neither parent employed........................................................... 511 507 3.9 3.8

Families maintained by mother1

Total...................................................................................... 5,149 5,125 100.0 100.0

Mother employed.................................................................... 3,711 3,727 72.1 72.7

Mother not employed................................................................ 1,437 1,398 27.9 27.3

Families maintained by father1

Total...................................................................................... 1,447 1,459 100.0 100.0

Father employed..................................................................... 1,173 1,188 81.1 81.4

Father not employed................................................................ 274 271 18.9 18.6

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Total families.............................................................................. 14,989 14,625 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed.................................................................... 12,996 12,745 86.7 87.1

No parent employed................................................................... 1,992 1,880 13.3 12.9

Married-couple families

Total...................................................................................... 10,315 10,076 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed................................................................. 9,958 9,732 96.5 96.6

Mother employed................................................................. 6,215 5,987 60.3 59.4

Both parents employed........................................................ 5,635 5,455 54.6 54.1

Mother employed, not father.................................................. 580 532 5.6 5.3

Father employed, not mother.................................................... 3,744 3,745 36.3 37.2

Neither parent employed........................................................... 357 344 3.5 3.4

Families maintained by mother1

Total...................................................................................... 3,609 3,450 100.0 100.0

Mother employed.................................................................... 2,161 2,124 59.9 61.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,

2012-2013 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2012 2013 2012 2013

Mother not employed................................................................ 1,448 1,326 40.1 38.4

Families maintained by father1

Total...................................................................................... 1,065 1,100 100.0 100.0

Father employed..................................................................... 877 889 82.4 80.9

Father not employed................................................................ 188 210 17.6 19.1

1 No spouse present.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related

and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January

data.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children

under 18, 2012-2013 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2012 2013

Total Men Women Total Men Women

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 65,620 28,943 36,676 65,385 28,947 36,438

Civilian labor force.................................................. 52,754 26,954 25,800 52,335 26,869 25,466

Participation rate.................................................. 80.4 93.1 70.3 80.0 92.8 69.9

Employed.......................................................... 49,101 25,460 23,641 49,146 25,540 23,606

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 41,698 24,055 17,643 41,844 24,207 17,637

Part-time workers2

............................................. 7,403 1,405 5,999 7,302 1,333 5,969

Employment-population ratio.................................... 74.8 88.0 64.5 75.2 88.2 64.8

Unemployed....................................................... 3,653 1,494 2,159 3,189 1,329 1,860

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.9 5.5 8.4 6.1 4.9 7.3

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 49,595 25,013 24,582 49,595 25,035 24,560

Civilian labor force.................................................. 40,277 23,481 16,796 40,096 23,447 16,650

Participation rate.................................................. 81.2 93.9 68.3 80.8 93.7 67.8

Employed.......................................................... 38,261 22,374 15,886 38,325 22,478 15,847

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 32,961 21,277 11,684 33,196 21,436 11,759

Part-time workers2

............................................. 5,299 1,097 4,202 5,130 1,042 4,088

Employment-population ratio.................................... 77.1 89.5 64.6 77.3 89.8 64.5

Unemployed....................................................... 2,017 1,106 910 1,771 969 802

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.0 4.7 5.4 4.4 4.1 4.8

Other marital status3

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 16,025 3,930 12,095 15,789 3,912 11,878

Civilian labor force.................................................. 12,477 3,473 9,004 12,238 3,422 8,817

Participation rate.................................................. 77.9 88.4 74.4 77.5 87.5 74.2

Employed.......................................................... 10,840 3,085 7,755 10,820 3,062 7,759

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 8,736 2,777 5,959 8,648 2,771 5,878

Part-time workers2............................................. 2,104 308 1,796 2,172 291 1,881

Employment-population ratio.................................... 67.6 78.5 64.1 68.5 78.3 65.3

Unemployed....................................................... 1,636 388 1,249 1,418 360 1,058

Unemployment rate............................................ 13.1 11.2 13.9 11.6 10.5 12.0

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 35,786 15,777 20,009 36,218 16,007 20,212

Civilian labor force.................................................. 29,573 14,545 15,028 29,815 14,714 15,101

Participation rate.................................................. 82.6 92.2 75.1 82.3 91.9 74.7

Employed.......................................................... 27,722 13,791 13,931 28,216 14,047 14,169

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 23,783 13,074 10,709 24,181 13,361 10,819

Part-time workers2............................................. 3,939 717 3,222 4,035 686 3,349

Employment-population ratio.................................... 77.5 87.4 69.6 77.9 87.8 70.1

Unemployed....................................................... 1,851 754 1,097 1,599 667 933

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.3 5.2 7.3 5.4 4.5 6.2

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 29,834 13,167 16,667 29,166 12,940 16,226

Civilian labor force.................................................. 23,181 12,409 10,772 22,519 12,155 10,365

Participation rate.................................................. 77.7 94.2 64.6 77.2 93.9 63.9

Employed.......................................................... 21,379 11,669 9,710 20,930 11,493 9,437

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 17,915 10,981 6,934 17,663 10,846 6,817

Part-time workers2

............................................. 3,464 688 2,776 3,267 647 2,620

Employment-population ratio.................................... 71.7 88.6 58.3 71.8 88.8 58.2

Unemployed....................................................... 1,802 740 1,062 1,589 662 928

Unemployment rate............................................ 7.8 6.0 9.9 7.1 5.4 8.9

WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 177,665 88,400 89,264 180,295 89,609 90,686

Civilian labor force.................................................. 102,221 55,373 46,848 103,055 55,798 47,256

Participation rate.................................................. 57.5 62.6 52.5 57.2 62.3 52.1

Employed.......................................................... 93,368 50,096 43,272 94,783 50,813 43,971

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children

under 18, 2012-2013 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2012 2013

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Full-time workers1.............................................. 73,111 41,423 31,688 74,470 42,128 32,342

Part-time workers2............................................. 20,257 8,673 11,584 20,313 8,685 11,629

Employment-population ratio.................................... 52.6 56.7 48.5 52.6 56.7 48.5

Unemployed....................................................... 8,853 5,277 3,575 8,271 4,986 3,285

Unemployment rate............................................ 8.7 9.5 7.6 8.0 8.9 7.0

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

2 Usually work less than 35 hours per week at all jobs.

3

Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related

and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January

data. Data for 2012 and 2013 reflect improved methodology that provides more accurate estimates of the number of mothers and fathers and, as a

result, are not strictly comparable with data for previous years. Data for 2012 incorporate the new methodology; therefore, 2012 estimates do not

match those published in the ′′Employment Characteristics of Families012′′ news release.
Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest

child and marital status, 2012-2013 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2012 2013

With own children under 3 years old With own children under 3 years old

Total 2 years 1 year Under 1

year

Total 2 years 1 year Under 1

year

TOTAL MOTHERS

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 9,540 2,922 3,393 3,224 9,211 2,877 3,266 3,069

Civilian labor force..................................... 5,839 1,890 2,119 1,830 5,626 1,875 1,995 1,757

Participation rate.................................... 61.2 64.7 62.5 56.7 61.1 65.2 61.1 57.3

Employed............................................. 5,245 1,708 1,909 1,628 5,113 1,723 1,798 1,593

Full-time workers1................................ 3,690 1,215 1,314 1,161 3,615 1,240 1,251 1,124

Part-time workers2

................................ 1,555 493 595 467 1,497 482 547 469

Employment-population ratio...................... 55.0 58.5 56.3 50.5 55.5 59.9 55.0 51.9

Unemployed.......................................... 594 181 210 202 514 152 197 164

Unemployment rate.............................. 10.2 9.6 9.9 11.0 9.1 8.1 9.9 9.3

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 6,334 1,940 2,288 2,106 6,224 1,913 2,232 2,080

Civilian labor force..................................... 3,808 1,198 1,409 1,200 3,689 1,194 1,299 1,196

Participation rate.................................... 60.1 61.8 61.6 57.0 59.3 62.4 58.2 57.5

Employed............................................. 3,600 1,134 1,332 1,134 3,503 1,141 1,224 1,138

Full-time workers1

................................ 2,595 816 928 852 2,541 835 867 839

Part-time workers2

................................ 1,005 318 405 282 962 305 357 299

Employment-population ratio...................... 56.8 58.5 58.2 53.8 56.3 59.6 54.9 54.7

Unemployed.......................................... 208 64 77 66 186 54 75 58

Unemployment rate.............................. 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.5 5.8 4.8

Other marital status3

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 3,206 982 1,105 1,119 2,987 964 1,034 989

Civilian labor force..................................... 2,031 691 710 630 1,937 681 695 561

Participation rate.................................... 63.4 70.4 64.2 56.3 64.9 70.6 67.3 56.7

Employed............................................. 1,645 574 577 494 1,610 582 573 455

Full-time workers1................................ 1,095 399 386 309 1,075 405 384 285

Part-time workers2

................................ 550 175 191 185 535 177 189 169

Employment-population ratio...................... 51.3 58.5 52.2 44.2 53.9 60.3 55.5 46.0

Unemployed.......................................... 386 117 133 136 327 99 122 107

Unemployment rate.............................. 19.0 17.0 18.8 21.6 16.9 14.5 17.5 19.0

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

2 Usually work less than 35 hours per week at all jobs.

3

Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related

and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January

data. Data for 2012 and 2013 reflect improved methodology that provides more accurate estimates of the number of mothers and fathers and, as a

result, are not strictly comparable with data for previous years. Data for 2012 incorporate the new methodology; therefore, 2012 estimates do not

match those published in the ′′Employment Characteristics of Families012′′ news release.