Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 14-0986 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, June 4, 2014 

Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • dprweb@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc

Media contact (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS

First Quarter 2014, Revised

Nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased at a 3.2 percent annual rate during the first

quarter of 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as hours increased 2.2 percent and 

output decreased 1.1 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted 

annual rates.) The decrease in productivity was the largest since the first quarter of 2008 (-3.9 percent). 

From the first quarter of 2013 to the first quarter of 2014, productivity increased 1.0 percent as output 

and hours worked rose 2.8 percent and 1.7 percent, respectively. (See chart 1 and table A.) 

Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of 

hours worked of all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. The 

measures released today are based on more recent source data than were available for the preliminary 

report.

Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses increased 5.7 percent in the first quarter of 2014, due to both 

the decline in productivity and a 2.3 percent increase in hourly compensation. Unit labor costs increased

1.2 percent over the last four quarters. (See chart 2 and tables A and 2.) 

BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity; increases in 

hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce 

them.

Chart 1. Output per hour, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2010Q1 – 2014Q1

-12.0

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

Percent change Percent change

Chart 2. Unit labor costs, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2010Q1 – 2014Q1

-12.0

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago
Manufacturing sector productivity increased 3.8 percent in the first quarter of 2014, as output 

increased 2.2 percent and hours worked decreased 1.6 percent. Productivity increased 4.1 percent in the 

durable goods sector and increased 3.3 percent in the nondurable goods sector. Over the last four 

quarters, manufacturing productivity increased 2.3 percent, as output increased 2.5 percent and hours 

increased 0.2 percent. Unit labor costs in manufacturing decreased 0.4 percent in the first quarter of 

2014 and declined 0.5 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A and 3.) 

The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series differ from those used in 

the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See 

Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation. (See page 4.) 

Preliminary first-quarter 2014 measures were announced today for the nonfinancial corporate sector. 

Productivity decreased 3.9 percent in the first quarter of 2014 and increased 0.1 percent over the last 

four quarters. (See tables C and 6.) 

Revised measures 

Table B presents previous and revised productivity and related measures for the business, nonfarm 

business, and manufacturing sectors, for the first quarter of 2014 and the fourth quarter of 2013. 

In the first quarter of 2014, nonfarm business productivity fell 3.2 percent, a greater decline than was 

reported in the preliminary estimate. The revised figure reflects a 1.4 percentage point downward

revision to output and a 0.2 percentage point upward revision to hours. Unit labor costs were revised 

up due to the downward revision to productivity, and grew 5.7 percent in the first quarter of 2014. In 

the manufacturing sector, productivity growth in the first quarter was revised up to 3.8 percent, due to

an upward revision to output and a downward revision to hours worked. Unit labor costs declined 0.4 

percent, rather than increasing 0.1 percent as previously reported. 

 

In the fourth quarter of 2013, nonfarm business and manufacturing productivity were unrevised from 

the May 7 release. For both sectors, a downward revision in hourly compensation accounted for the 

similar downward revision to unit labor costs. 

In the nonfinancial corporate sector, fourth-quarter productivity growth was unrevised. (See table C.) 

______________ 

The preliminary Productivity and Costs news release for second-quarter 2014 is scheduled to be 

released on Friday, August 8, 2014 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

-2- 
Table A. Revised first-quarter 2014 measures: percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (Q to Q) and from same quarter a year

ago (Y to Y) 

Sector

 Nonfarm

 Business Business Manufacturing

 Durable

 Manufacturing

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y

Productivity -3.2 1.0 -3.5 0.9 3.8 2.3 4.1 3.4 3.3 1.2

Output -1.1 2.8 -1.7 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.3 3.9 2.1 1.0

Hours 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.7 -1.6 0.2 -1.7 0.4 -1.2 -0.3

Hourly compensation 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.2 3.4 1.9 2.5 1.0 5.0 3.4

Real hourly compensation 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.4 0.6 -0.4 3.1 2.0

Unit labor costs 5.7 1.2 6.3 1.3 -0.4 -0.5 -1.5 -2.3 1.7 2.1

Table B. Revised and previous measures: first quarter 2014 and fourth quarter 2013 

Sector

 Nonfarm

 Business Business Manufacturing

 Durable

 Manufacturing

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous

Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2014 

Productivity -3.2 -1.7 -3.5 -1.8 3.8 3.3 4.1 3.6 3.3 2.5

Output -1.1 0.3 -1.7 -0.2 2.2 1.8 2.3 1.6 2.1 2.0

Hours 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 -1.6 -1.4 -1.7 -1.9 -1.2 -0.5

Hourly compensation 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 3.4 3.3 2.5 3.6 5.0 2.9

Real hourly compensation 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.5 1.4 0.6 1.6 3.1 1.0

Unit labor costs 5.7 4.2 6.3 4.7 -0.4 0.1 -1.5 -0.1 1.7 0.4

Percent change, annual rate, fourth quarter 2013

Productivity 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.3 2.6 2.6 0.3 0.3

Output 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.5 4.7 4.7 6.9 6.9 2.3 2.3

Hours 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 3.4 3.4 4.2 4.2 2.0 2.0

Hourly compensation 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.7 0.7 1.3 -1.8 1.7 5.4 0.6

Real hourly compensation 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 -0.5 0.1 -3.0 0.5 4.2 -0.6

Unit labor costs -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 0.1 -4.3 -0.9 5.1 0.3

Table C. Nonfinancial corporations: preliminary first-quarter 2014 and revised fourth-quarter 2013 productivity and cost measures

Productivity Output Hours

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs Unit profits

Implicit price 

deflator

Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2014

Q to Q -3.9 -2.2 1.8 2.1 0.2 6.3 -27.2 0.3

Y to Y 0.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 0.6 1.9 -4.8 0.6

Percent change, annual rate, fourth quarter 2013

Revised 2.1 4.3 2.1 1.7 0.5 -0.4 1.6 0.4

Previous 2.1 4.3 2.1 1.8 0.5 -0.4 1.6 0.4

-3-
TECHNICAL NOTES

Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours for all persons 

working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The 

primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in 

nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of production and 

nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using 

data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for 

this purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average 

weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS. 

Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm unpaid family 

workers. Estimates of labor input for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and 

the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

(BEA) of the Department of Commerce.

The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or more establishments at 

each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS features measures of employment that count each person 

only once and classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at all jobs by that 

person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS also collects more detailed information on 

employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity 

measures use the more detailed information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the 

correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES. 

Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from 

gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and 

private households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in 

labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 76 percent of the value of GDP in 2013. Nonfarm 

business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 74 percent of GDP in 2013. 

Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are 

constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the 

Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price 

program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector 

transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the index of industrial 

production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be 

consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. Durables include the 

following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product 

manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery 

manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance 

manufacturing; transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; 

and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco 

product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied 

product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum and coal 

products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber products manufacturing.

Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of 

the costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the following 

outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated 

business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other 

holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted 

for about 49 percent of the value of GDP in 2013. 

Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between real output and the labor 

time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods 

and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all persons 

engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of 

production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; 

-4-
capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of 

production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force. 

Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer 

contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, 

required for measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee 

compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general 

government, nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation of 

domestic employees to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation 

of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that 

proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor 

productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers. 

Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release describe the relationship between 

compensation per hour and productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of 

inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor 

productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent 

changes from the previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the 

corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series where 2009=100. Annual data 

are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous year. 

The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are 

rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated 

using index numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the BLS web site, 

www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity. 

(Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV) 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339.

-5-
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2014 I -3.5 r -1.7 r 1.8 r 2.6 r 0.7 r 6.3 r -4.7 r 1.3 r

2013 ANNUAL 0.9 2.5 1.5 1.8 0.3 0.8 2.4 1.5 

2013 IV 2.1 3.5 1.5 1.5 r 0.3 r -0.6 r 2.9 r 0.9 

 III 3.2 5.6 2.3 0.9 -1.1 -2.2 7.8 2.1 

 II 1.9 3.4 1.4 3.9 3.4 1.9 -1.7 0.3 

 I 0.3 1.4 1.1 -4.7 -5.8 -4.9 11.4 1.8 

2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.6 1.8 

2012 IV -1.6 0.2 1.9 10.4 7.8 12.3 -11.5 1.2 

 III 1.7 3.6 1.8 0.4 -1.3 -1.3 7.5 2.5 

 II 1.2 1.6 0.4 1.8 0.4 0.6 3.9 2.0 

 I 1.5 4.9 3.3 9.0 6.7 7.4 -5.4 1.6 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2014 I 0.9 r 2.7 r 1.7 2.2 r 0.8 r 1.3 r 1.0 r 1.2 

2013 ANNUAL 0.9 2.5 1.5 1.8 0.3 0.8 2.4 1.5 

2013 IV 1.9 3.5 1.6 0.4 -0.8 -1.5 r 5.0 r 1.3 

 III 0.9 2.6 1.7 2.5 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.4 

 II 0.6 2.1 1.5 2.4 0.9 1.8 1.0 1.5 

 I 0.4 1.7 1.3 1.8 0.2 1.5 2.4 1.9 

2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.6 1.8 

2012 IV 0.7 2.6 1.9 5.3 3.3 4.6 -1.7 1.8 

 III 2.0 4.1 2.1 1.6 0.0 -0.4 4.4 1.7 

 II 1.5 3.6 2.1 2.1 0.2 0.6 3.3 1.8 

 I 1.5 4.3 2.7 1.4 -1.4 -0.1 4.7 2.0 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2014 I 106.1 r 113.4 r 106.9 r 110.5 r 100.7 r 104.1 r 112.3 r 107.5 r

2013 ANNUAL 106.1 112.2 105.7 109.1 r 100.4 r 102.8 r 112.2 r 106.7 

2013 IV 107.1 113.9 106.4 109.7 r 100.5 r 102.5 r 113.7 r 107.2 

 III 106.5 112.9 106.0 109.3 100.5 102.7 112.9 106.9 

 II 105.7 111.4 105.4 109.1 100.8 103.2 110.8 106.4 

 I 105.2 110.5 105.0 108.1 99.9 102.7 111.3 106.3 

2012 ANNUAL 105.1 109.5 104.1 107.2 100.1 102.0 109.6 105.1 

2012 IV 105.1 110.1 104.7 109.4 101.4 104.0 108.3 105.8 

 III 105.5 110.0 104.3 106.7 99.5 101.1 111.7 105.5 

 II 105.1 109.1 103.8 106.6 99.8 101.4 109.7 104.9 

 I 104.8 108.6 103.7 106.1 99.7 101.3 108.6 104.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. June 4, 2014

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

-6-
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2014 I -3.2 r -1.1 r 2.2 r 2.3 r 0.4 r 5.7 r -4.4 r 1.2 r

2013 ANNUAL 0.5 2.2 1.7 1.6 0.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 

2013 IV 2.3 3.8 1.4 1.7 r 0.5 r -0.6 r 4.1 r 1.4 

 III 3.5 5.4 1.9 1.3 -0.7 -2.1 8.5 2.4 

 II 1.8 3.3 1.5 3.8 3.3 2.0 -0.7 0.8 

 I -1.8 -0.3 1.6 -5.3 -6.4 -3.5 6.8 0.7 

2012 ANNUAL 1.5 3.7 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.8 

2012 IV -1.5 0.7 2.2 10.2 7.5 11.8 -12.1 0.8 

 III 2.1 4.2 2.0 0.3 -1.4 -1.8 7.7 2.2 

 II 1.1 1.6 0.5 1.8 0.4 0.7 4.0 2.1 

 I 1.7 5.0 3.2 9.2 6.9 7.4 -5.6 1.5 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2014 I 1.0 r 2.8 r 1.7 2.3 0.9 1.2 r 1.7 r 1.4 

2013 ANNUAL 0.5 2.2 1.7 1.6 0.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 

2013 IV 1.4 3.0 1.6 0.3 r -0.9 r -1.1 r 4.6 r 1.3 

 III 0.5 2.3 1.8 2.4 0.8 1.9 0.3 1.2 

 II 0.1 1.9 1.8 2.1 0.6 1.9 0.1 1.2 

 I 0.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 -0.1 1.6 1.3 1.5 

2012 ANNUAL 1.5 3.7 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.8 

2012 IV 0.8 2.8 2.0 5.3 3.3 4.4 -1.8 1.7 

 III 2.0 4.1 2.1 1.6 0.0 -0.4 4.6 1.7 

 II 1.4 3.5 2.1 2.2 0.3 0.8 3.3 1.9 

 I 1.6 4.3 2.7 1.4 -1.3 -0.1 4.8 1.9 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2014 I 106.0 r 113.5 r 107.1 r 110.5 r 100.7 r 104.2 r 110.6 r 106.9 r

2013 ANNUAL 105.8 112.1 105.9 109.1 r 100.4 r 103.1 r 110.0 r 105.9 

2013 IV 106.8 113.8 106.5 109.8 r 100.6 r 102.8 r 111.9 r 106.6 

 III 106.2 112.8 106.1 109.4 100.5 103.0 110.8 106.2 

 II 105.3 111.3 105.6 109.0 100.7 103.5 108.5 105.6 

 I 104.9 110.4 105.3 108.0 99.9 103.0 108.7 105.4 

2012 ANNUAL 105.3 109.7 104.1 107.4 100.3 102.0 108.3 104.6 

2012 IV 105.4 110.5 104.8 109.5 101.5 103.9 106.9 105.2 

 III 105.8 110.3 104.3 106.9 99.7 101.1 110.4 105.0 

 II 105.2 109.2 103.8 106.8 100.1 101.5 108.4 104.4 

 I 104.9 108.7 103.6 106.3 100.0 101.3 107.3 103.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. June 4, 2014

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

-7-
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2014 I 3.8 r 2.2 r -1.6 r 3.4 r 1.5 r -0.4 r

2013 ANNUAL 2.3 2.9 0.7 0.9 r -0.5 -1.3 

2013 IV 1.3 4.7 3.4 0.7 r -0.5 r -0.6 r

 III 0.5 1.7 1.1 0.5 -1.5 -0.1 

 II 3.7 1.5 -2.2 2.9 2.4 -0.8 

 I 3.1 4.8 1.7 -0.8 -1.9 -3.7 

2012 ANNUAL 1.9 4.3 2.3 1.9 -0.2 0.0 

2012 IV 2.3 2.7 0.4 4.1 1.5 1.8 

 III 0.8 1.9 1.1 -2.5 -4.1 -3.2 

 II 2.1 3.4 1.3 0.6 -0.8 -1.4 

 I 4.2 7.5 3.1 11.3 8.9 6.7 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2014 I 2.3 r 2.5 r 0.2 1.9 r 0.4 r -0.5 r 

2013 ANNUAL 2.3 2.9 0.7 0.9 r -0.5 -1.3 

2013 IV 2.1 3.2 1.0 0.8 r -0.4 r -1.3 r

 III 2.4 2.7 0.3 1.6 0.1 -0.7 

 II 2.5 2.7 0.3 0.9 -0.5 -1.5 

 I 2.0 3.2 1.1 0.3 -1.3 -1.7 

2012 ANNUAL 1.9 4.3 2.3 1.9 -0.2 0.0 

2012 IV 2.3 3.9 1.5 3.2 1.3 0.9 

 III 1.6 4.2 2.6 1.0 -0.7 -0.6 

 II 2.6 5.0 2.4 2.0 0.1 -0.5 

 I 1.2 4.0 2.8 1.3 -1.5 0.1 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2014 I 113.5 r 119.6 r 105.3 r 108.0 r 98.4 r 95.1 r

2013 ANNUAL 111.9 117.6 105.1 106.7 r 98.2 r 95.4 r

2013 IV 112.5 118.9 105.8 107.1 r 98.1 r 95.2 r

 III 112.1 117.6 104.9 106.9 98.2 95.3 

 II 112.0 117.1 104.6 106.8 98.6 95.4 

 I 110.9 116.7 105.2 106.0 98.0 95.6 

2012 ANNUAL 109.4 114.2 104.4 105.7 98.8 96.6 

2012 IV 110.1 115.3 104.7 106.2 98.5 96.5 

 III 109.5 114.5 104.6 105.2 98.1 96.0 

 II 109.3 114.0 104.3 105.8 99.1 96.8 

 I 108.7 113.0 104.0 105.7 99.3 97.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. June 4, 2014

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

-8-
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2014 I 4.1 r 2.3 r -1.7 r 2.5 r 0.6 r -1.5 r

2013 ANNUAL 3.4 4.4 1.0 0.4 r -1.0 r -2.9 r

2013 IV 2.6 6.9 4.2 -1.8 r -3.0 r -4.3 r

 III 2.0 3.6 1.6 0.9 -1.1 -1.0 

 II 5.2 2.9 -2.1 2.5 2.0 -2.6 

 I 3.4 6.4 2.9 -1.5 -2.6 -4.7 

2012 ANNUAL 4.1 7.2 2.9 1.5 -0.6 -2.5 

2012 IV 3.7 4.1 0.3 4.3 1.8 0.6 

 III 1.4 2.0 0.6 -3.4 -4.9 -4.7 

 II 4.7 6.7 1.9 -1.2 -2.5 -5.7 

 I 8.8 12.2 3.1 12.8 10.5 3.7 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2014 I 3.4 r 3.9 r 0.4 1.0 r -0.4 r -2.3 r

2013 ANNUAL 3.4 4.4 1.0 0.4 r -1.0 r -2.9 r

2013 IV 3.3 4.9 1.6 0.0 r -1.2 r -3.1 r

 III 3.6 4.2 0.6 1.5 0.0 -1.9 

 II 3.4 3.8 0.4 0.4 -1.0 -2.9 

 I 3.3 4.8 1.4 -0.5 -2.1 -3.6 

2012 ANNUAL 4.1 7.2 2.9 1.5 -0.6 -2.5 

2012 IV 4.6 6.2 1.5 3.0 1.0 -1.6 

 III 3.8 7.1 3.2 0.3 -1.3 -3.3 

 II 5.3 8.7 3.2 1.8 -0.1 -3.3 

 I 2.8 6.9 4.0 1.0 -1.8 -1.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2014 I 124.0 r 134.1 r 108.1 r 106.0 r 96.6 r 85.4 r

2013 ANNUAL 121.6 r 130.9 r 107.7 105.4 r 97.1 r 86.7 r

2013 IV 122.8 r 133.4 r 108.6 105.3 r 96.5 r 85.8 r

 III 122.0 131.2 107.5 105.8 97.2 86.7 

 II 121.4 130.0 107.1 105.6 97.5 86.9 

 I 119.9 129.1 107.7 104.9 97.0 87.5 

2012 ANNUAL 117.6 125.4 106.6 105.0 98.1 89.3 

2012 IV 118.9 127.1 106.9 105.3 97.7 88.6 

 III 117.8 125.9 106.8 104.2 97.2 88.4 

 II 117.4 125.2 106.6 105.1 98.5 89.5 

 I 116.1 123.2 106.2 105.4 99.1 90.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. June 4, 2014

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

-9-
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2014 I 3.3 r 2.1 r -1.2 r 5.0 r 3.1 r 1.7 r

2013 ANNUAL 1.2 1.3 0.1 1.9 r 0.4 r 0.6 r

2013 IV 0.3 2.3 2.0 5.4 r 4.2 r 5.1 r

 III -0.8 -0.4 0.4 -0.5 -2.5 0.4 

 II 2.2 -0.1 -2.3 3.7 3.2 1.4 

 I 3.4 3.1 -0.3 0.4 -0.8 -2.9 

2012 ANNUAL 0.0 1.2 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.4 

2012 IV 0.6 1.2 0.7 3.6 1.1 3.0 

 III -0.2 1.7 1.9 -0.8 -2.4 -0.5 

 II -0.6 -0.2 0.4 3.9 2.5 4.6 

 I -0.6 2.6 3.2 8.3 6.0 9.0 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2014 I 1.2 r 1.0 r -0.3 r 3.4 r 2.0 r 2.1 r

2013 ANNUAL 1.2 1.3 0.1 1.9 r 0.4 r 0.6 r

2013 IV 1.3 r 1.2 -0.1 2.2 r 1.0 r 1.0 r

 III 1.3 0.9 -0.4 1.8 0.2 0.4 

 II 1.5 1.5 0.0 1.7 0.2 0.2 

 I 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.8 0.1 1.0 

2012 ANNUAL 0.0 1.2 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.4 

2012 IV -0.2 1.3 1.5 3.7 1.8 3.9 

 III -0.4 1.1 1.5 2.1 0.4 2.5 

 II 0.2 1.3 1.1 2.3 0.3 2.1 

 I 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.6 -1.2 1.1 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2014 I 106.4 r 107.4 r 100.9 r 111.2 r 101.4 r 104.4 r

2013 ANNUAL 105.5 r 106.4 r 100.9 108.5 r 99.9 r 102.9 r

2013 IV 105.6 r 106.8 r 101.2 109.8 r 100.6 r 104.0 r

 III 105.5 106.2 100.7 108.4 99.6 102.7 

 II 105.7 106.3 100.6 108.5 100.2 102.6 

 I 105.1 106.3 101.1 107.5 99.4 102.3 

2012 ANNUAL 104.2 105.1 100.8 106.6 99.6 102.2 

2012 IV 104.3 105.5 101.2 107.4 99.6 103.0 

 III 104.1 105.2 101.1 106.5 99.4 102.3 

 II 104.2 104.8 100.6 106.7 100.0 102.4 

 I 104.3 104.8 100.5 105.7 99.3 101.3 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. June 4, 2014

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,

and prices, seasonally adjusted

 Real Unit

 Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit

Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price

and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator

quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2014 I -3.9 -2.2 1.8 2.1 0.2 6.3 5.0 5.8 -27.2 0.3 

2013 ANNUAL 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.8 -0.7 0.7 1.2 0.9 3.1 1.2 

2013 IV 2.1 4.3 2.1 1.7 r 0.5 -0.4 1.3 0.2 1.6 0.4 

 III -0.8 1.6 2.4 0.6 -1.4 1.5 3.3 2.1 2.6 2.1 

 II 3.3 4.9 1.6 3.7 3.2 0.4 -5.6 -1.6 8.0 -0.3 

 I -4.2 -1.3 3.1 -6.2 -7.3 -2.1 9.1 1.5 0.3 1.3 

2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.7 2.3 2.8 0.7 1.4 0.2 1.0 3.8 1.4 

2012 IV 4.8 6.4 1.5 7.9 5.3 3.0 -4.2 0.6 9.6 1.8 

 III -3.4 -2.0 1.5 0.2 -1.5 3.7 3.0 3.5 -7.4 1.8 

 II 0.7 1.6 0.8 1.1 -0.3 0.3 1.1 0.6 5.8 1.3 

 I 5.4 8.9 3.3 11.8 9.4 6.1 -0.6 3.8 -2.2 2.9 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2014 I 0.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 0.6 1.9 0.9 1.6 -4.8 0.6 

2013 ANNUAL 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.8 -0.7 0.7 1.2 0.9 3.1 1.2 

2013 IV 0.0 2.3 2.3 -0.1 -1.3 -0.2 1.9 0.5 3.1 0.9 

 III 0.7 2.9 2.1 1.4 -0.2 0.7 0.5 0.6 5.1 1.2 

 II 0.0 1.9 1.9 1.2 -0.2 1.2 0.4 0.9 2.4 1.2 

 I -0.6 1.1 1.7 0.6 -1.0 1.2 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.6 

2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.7 2.3 2.8 0.7 1.4 0.2 1.0 3.8 1.4 

2012 IV 1.8 3.6 1.8 5.1 3.2 3.2 -0.2 2.1 1.2 2.0 

 III 1.2 3.2 2.0 2.1 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.8 -0.9 0.5 

 II 1.1 3.5 2.4 2.3 0.4 1.3 0.6 1.0 2.9 1.3 

 I 1.4 4.7 3.2 1.5 -1.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0 13.1 1.7 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2014 I 106.6 116.0 108.8 108.9 99.3 102.1 100.2 101.5 138.8 105.4 

2013 ANNUAL 107.2 r 115.2 r 107.5 107.6 r 99.1 r 100.4 98.7 r 99.9 148.7 r 105.0 r

2013 IV 107.7 r 116.7 r 108.3 108.3 r 99.2 r 100.6 r 99.0 r 100.0 r 150.3 r 105.3 

 III 107.1 115.4 107.8 107.8 99.1 100.7 98.7 100.0 149.7 105.2 

 II 107.3 115.0 107.1 107.7 99.4 100.3 97.9 99.5 148.7 104.6 

 I 106.5 113.6 106.7 106.7 98.7 100.2 99.3 99.9 145.9 104.7 

2012 ANNUAL 107.1 112.9 105.4 106.8 99.8 99.7 97.5 99.0 144.2 103.7 

2012 IV 107.6 114.0 105.9 108.4 100.6 100.7 97.2 99.5 145.8 104.4 

 III 106.4 112.2 105.5 106.4 99.3 100.0 98.2 99.4 142.5 103.9 

 II 107.3 112.8 105.1 106.4 99.6 99.1 97.5 98.6 145.3 103.4 

 I 107.1 112.4 104.9 106.1 99.7 99.0 97.2 98.4 143.2 103.1 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. June 4, 2014

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

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SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S. 

Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal 

Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of 

Economic Analysis.

RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more complete information 

becomes available. The measures are first published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; 

revisions appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business sector, 

the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed 

from the initial value by between –1.6 and 1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This 

interval is based on the performance of this measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the fourth 

quarter of 2013. 

Table Footnotes

(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private

benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include 

an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed. 

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers 

(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2013 is based on the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and 

imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, 

rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index. 

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to 

three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for 

convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal 

places.

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less 

subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments. 

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.

(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption 

adjustments. 

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