U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – MARCH 2019 

U.S. import prices increased 0.6 percent in March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

following a 1.0-percent rise in February. Both the March and February advances were driven by higher fuel 

prices. Prices for U.S. exports rose 0.7 percent for the second consecutive month in March. Both agricultural 

and nonagricultural prices contributed to the increase.

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: March 2018 – March 2019

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports advanced 0.6 percent in March and 1.7 percent in the first 3 months of 2019. The 

increase for the 3 months ended in March was the largest 3-month rise since the index advanced 1.9 percent 

between October 2017 and January 2018. The import price index recorded no change over the past 12 

months. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices rose 6.4 percent in March after increasing 9.7 percent in February and 4.4 

percent in January. Petroleum prices rose 4.7 percent in March, continuing the trend of the previous 2 

months, and natural gas prices rose 42.3 percent following a 12.9-percent increase in February. Fuel prices 

rose 7.3 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for petroleum increased 3.9 percent for the year 

ended in March, and prices for natural gas rose 91.3 percent over the same period. The 12-month increase in 

natural gas prices was the largest advance since the index rose 99.9 percent in March 2014. 

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Mar'18 Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 12, 2019 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-19-0614
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports decreased 0.2 percent in March, after 

rising 0.2 percent in February. In March, falling prices for capital goods, consumer goods, and nonfuel 

industrial supplies and materials more than offset an increase in the prices for foods, feeds, and beverages. 

Nonfuel import prices declined 0.8 percent from March 2018 to March 2019, the largest 12-month drop 

since the index fell 0.9 percent for the year ended in August 2016. Each of the major import categories 

contributed to the decrease in nonfuel prices over the past year. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices edged down 0.1 

percent in March following a 0.3-percent advance the previous month. The March decrease was driven by a 

1.0-percent decline in chemical prices which more than offset rising metals prices. 

 

Finished Goods: Prices for imported finished goods were mostly down in March. The price indexes for 

capital goods and consumer goods each fell 0.2 percent. Automotive vehicle prices recorded no change in 

March. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices ticked up 0.1 percent in March, after a 

0.2-percent increase in February. The March advance was driven by higher prices for fish and shellfish; 

vegetables; and meat. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: March 2018 – March 2019 

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports advanced 0.7 percent in March, after increasing 0.7 percent the previous 

month. Those increases followed 0.6-percent declines in January and December. Prices for nonagricultural 

and agricultural exports each contributed to the overall advance in March. U.S. export prices rose 0.6 

percent over the past 12 months. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports increased 0.9 percent in March following a 

0.2-percent advance in February. The rise in March was led by a 34.9-percent increase in vegetable prices. 

Rising prices for dairy products and eggs also contributed to the March advance. In contrast, wheat, 

soybean, and corn prices declined in March. Despite the recent increases, agricultural export prices fell 2.3 

percent over the past year. The decrease was driven by a 15.5-percent drop in soybean prices from March 

2018 to March 2019. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 0.7 percent in March, after 

increasing 0.8 percent in February. In March, higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials more than offset lower prices for capital goods and automotive vehicles. The price index for 

nonagricultural exports increased 1.0 percent for the year ended in March.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

advanced 2.1 percent in March following a 1.7-percent rise the previous month. The March increase was the 

largest monthly advance since a 2.1-percent rise in November 2017 and was led by a 5.6-percent increase in 

fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for finished goods were mostly down in March. The price indexes for export capital 

goods and automotive vehicles each edged down 0.1 percent. The declines followed a 0.2-percent advance 

in capital goods prices and a 0.4-percent rise in automotive vehicles prices in February. Consumer goods 

prices recorded no change in March, after increasing 0.5 percent the previous month. 

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0.5

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0.7 0.7

3.4 3.7

5.0 5.3

4.3

3.6

2.7

3.1

1.8

1.1

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0.3 0.6

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Mar'18 Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China recorded no change in March following 

declines of 0.1 percent in February and 0.3 percent in January. Import prices from China decreased 0.9 

percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the index fell 0.9 percent in September 

2017. The price index for imports from Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in March following a 0.1-percent rise in 

February. Prices for imports from Japan rose 0.3 percent over the past year. The price index for imports 

from Canada advanced 2.0 percent, after rising 7.5 percent the previous month. The March increase was led 

by higher fuel prices. In March, prices for imports from the European Union rose 0.3 percent for the second 

consecutive month. Import prices from Mexico recorded no change in March, after rising 0.6 percent the 

previous month. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China rose 0.5 percent in March, after increasing 

0.6 percent the previous month. Higher prices for both manufactured and nonmanufactured exports each 

contributed to the March advance. Despite the recent increases, export prices to China declined 3.6 percent 

over the past year. The price index for exports to Japan increased 0.2 percent in March following a 1.3-

percent rise in February. Prices for exports to Japan fell 1.9 percent over the past 12 months. In March, 

export prices to Canada advanced 1.5 percent and export prices to Mexico rose 1.3 percent. The price index 

for exports to the European Union advanced 0.3 percent in March, after recording a 0.8-percent increase in 

February. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 

advanced 0.5 percent in March following a 0.7-percent increase in February. The March rise in the U.S. 

terms of trade with China was driven by the increase in export prices to China. U.S. terms of trade with 

Japan ticked up 0.1 percent, after advancing 1.2 percent the previous month. The index for U.S. terms of 

trade with Mexico rose 1.3 percent in March, the largest monthly advance since the index was first 

published in December 2017. In contrast, the U.S. terms of trade with Canada declined 0.5 percent in 

March. The rise in import prices from Canada more than offset the increase in export prices to Canada. U.S. 

terms of trade with the European Union recorded no change in March. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 5.7 percent in March following decreases of 2.0 percent in 

February and 3.8 percent in January. The March drop was led by an 8.5-percent decline in European fares, 

the largest monthly drop in European fares since a 12.2-percent decrease in August 2018. Overall import air 

passenger fares fell 0.9 percent for the year ended in March. The price index for import air freight rose 0.6 

percent in March, after declines of 6.1 percent in February, 1.4 percent in January, and 3.2 percent in 

December. Import air freight prices decreased 2.1 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares increased 1.6 percent in March following an 8.9-percent drop the 

previous month. Higher Latin American/Caribbean, Asian, and European fares all contributed to the 

advance in overall export air passenger fares in March. The index for export air passenger fares fell 5.8 

percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since a 5.8-percent decline for the year ended 

December 2017. Export air freight prices ticked up 0.1 percent in March and rose 1.8 percent over the past 

12 months. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for April are scheduled for release on Tuesday, May 14, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. 

(EDT). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2018 to March

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 125.8 126.5 0.0 -1.4 0.1 1.0 0.6

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.864 100.0 99.8 -0.7 0.0 -0.3 0.2 -0.2

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 90.440 113.2 113.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.6 0.2 0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.883 117.1 116.9 -0.8 0.0 -0.3 0.2 -0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.019 180.0 180.1 -1.4 0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.691 197.4 196.8 -1.7 0.5 -0.6 0.2 -0.3

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.328 140.6 142.6 -0.5 -1.5 0.4 0.1 1.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.199 187.2 192.2 2.0 -5.7 1.2 4.1 2.7

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.863 157.7 160.4 1.3 0.8 -2.7 0.9 1.7

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.083 177.1 177.0 -1.7 -0.1 -0.8 0.3 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.804 167.0 167.7 -2.3 0.2 -0.7 0.5 0.4

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.835 146.1 151.0 6.6 1.7 -5.3 1.2 3.4

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.117 205.1 218.3 7.3 -13.3 4.4 9.7 6.4

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 9.560 219.8 230.2 3.9 -15.3 7.5 9.7 4.7

Crude........................................ 10000 6.919 227.8 238.8 3.7 -19.2 12.4 13.7 4.8

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.557 127.8 172.5 66.3 13.8 -29.9 10.7 35.0

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.460 114.4 162.8 91.3 18.4 -33.9 12.9 42.3

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.593 124.8 123.8 9.4 1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.8

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.685 161.1 159.5 -1.8 -0.9 -1.0 0.1 -1.0

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.511 145.3 145.0 -7.9 0.8 -0.6 1.2 -0.2

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.759 232.3 234.9 -1.6 0.5 -1.3 1.2 1.1

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.781 159.2 158.7 -2.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.752 113.5 113.6 1.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.1

Capital goods................................... 2 27.973 89.0 88.8 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.378 118.0 118.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.3

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.316 81.4 81.1 -1.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.279 135.9 135.9 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.0

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.721 110.3 110.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.088 107.3 107.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.3 -0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.397 123.5 123.4 1.1 0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.398 91.9 91.9 -1.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 0.0

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.293 120.1 117.0 1.0 1.8 -0.6 2.6 -2.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2018 to March

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 126.2 127.1 0.6 -0.6 -0.6 0.7 0.7

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.622 179.2 180.9 -2.3 3.8 -2.1 0.2 0.9

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.563 101.7 101.7 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.378 122.2 123.0 1.0 -1.1 -0.4 0.8 0.7

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.920 182.1 184.3 -1.5 3.8 -1.9 0.3 1.2

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.290 180.0 182.2 -1.7 4.0 -2.1 0.1 1.2

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.630 221.0 224.0 1.3 -0.6 0.3 2.2 1.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 32.328 156.0 159.1 0.7 -3.1 -1.7 1.7 2.0

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.276 165.1 166.3 -0.7 -0.1 0.4 1.0 0.7

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 22.053 152.0 156.0 1.4 -4.6 -2.7 2.0 2.6

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.302 179.6 178.6 -6.0 1.9 -2.0 1.0 -0.6

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials...................................... 31.027 155.2 158.5 1.0 -3.3 -1.7 1.7 2.1

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.518 182.2 192.4 3.9 -8.4 -4.5 4.4 5.6

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.508 158.5 159.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 0.4 0.4

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.001 122.7 122.1 -1.0 -0.5 1.1 0.6 -0.5

Capital goods................................... 2 36.056 110.7 110.6 1.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.1

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.756 117.5 117.6 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.670 95.1 95.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 8.630 180.3 180.4 3.3 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.197 114.6 114.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.499 110.2 110.2 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.915 107.6 107.5 0.8 -0.3 0.6 0.7 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.135 107.0 107.1 -0.5 0.2 -0.7 0.2 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.449 100.0 99.6 – – 0.0 0.0 -0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2018 to March 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.619 112.0 117.3 6.6 -12.0 6.4 10.5 4.7

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.974 184.9 181.9 -2.8 1.8 -1.6 1.8 -1.6

Crop production............................... 111 1.603 199.1 193.0 -2.8 2.5 -2.4 2.1 -3.1

Mining............................................ 21 7.645 104.2 110.7 9.1 -15.7 9.0 13.0 6.2

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 7.410 104.0 110.6 9.1 -16.2 9.3 13.4 6.3

Manufacturing..................................... 90.072 111.6 111.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.167 125.0 125.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.375 154.9 155.9 -1.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.6

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.115 122.2 122.1 1.2 0.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.1

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.367 100.2 99.5 -0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.7

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.933 109.1 108.9 -0.8 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.736 112.1 112.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 -0.2 0.0

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.642 124.1 124.1 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 17.505 126.1 126.5 0.7 -1.3 -0.7 0.6 0.3

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.074 116.4 115.7 7.5 0.6 -0.2 0.2 -0.6

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.410 94.5 98.9 5.3 -6.3 -1.9 1.0 4.7

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 9.659 140.5 139.9 0.3 -0.7 -0.6 0.6 -0.4

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.267 119.4 119.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.033 131.0 130.8 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 61.400 104.3 104.2 -0.9 0.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.371 155.8 156.4 -0.9 0.5 -0.8 1.2 0.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.105 126.4 126.7 -1.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.286 118.8 118.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.541 74.0 73.8 -2.4 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.104 116.4 116.5 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.708 109.5 109.5 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.877 117.5 117.4 0.6 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.409 119.1 118.3 -0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2018 to March 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.281 136.2 139.7 -1.7 3.7 -5.0 1.9 2.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.869 153.4 155.3 -5.8 6.1 -3.7 0.8 1.2

Crop production............................... 111 4.618 160.5 162.3 -5.1 6.6 -4.0 0.6 1.1

Mining............................................ 21 4.412 88.4 91.9 4.8 0.1 -6.2 3.0 4.0

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.352 118.6 118.9 6.1 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing..................................... 89.487 116.5 117.1 1.2 -1.0 0.0 0.6 0.5

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.757 140.3 140.6 -0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.575 156.8 157.5 -0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.675 126.2 124.5 2.9 3.1 -0.2 0.5 -1.3

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.105 114.7 116.7 1.4 -3.8 -0.9 1.6 1.7

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.552 103.4 100.9 -2.8 -0.3 1.0 0.9 -2.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.767 131.1 129.7 2.5 0.8 -2.9 0.8 -1.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 5.973 105.4 112.8 3.2 -12.8 -3.0 5.4 7.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.481 119.6 119.8 0.6 -1.1 0.2 0.4 0.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.271 116.5 116.5 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.836 116.5 117.5 0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.9

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.625 114.9 114.9 1.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.028 146.6 147.0 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.3

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 2.951 145.9 146.7 5.9 0.0 1.9 0.1 0.5

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.535 129.6 129.6 2.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.942 82.8 82.7 -0.5 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.809 118.0 118.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.604 128.3 128.3 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.391 120.8 121.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.365 120.3 120.1 0.0 0.3 -0.6 0.3 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2018 to March

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.374 193.3 198.1 -0.5 -0.8 0.2 0.8 2.5

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.364 252.8 257.9 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.1 2.0

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.724 138.4 142.8 -1.2 -2.2 0.0 -0.1 3.2

Vegetable products............................... II 1.930 218.5 212.8 -3.2 2.0 -2.4 2.1 -2.6

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.490 527.3 546.4 13.1 12.2 -14.7 4.4 3.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.649 119.9 113.3 -11.3 -4.3 9.0 -2.0 -5.5

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.323 201.5 199.9 -7.9 -0.7 -1.4 -1.5 -0.8

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.242 91.3 90.5 -18.0 -1.8 1.4 -0.8 -0.9

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.833 165.5 165.6 0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.220 95.9 96.8 -2.9 -0.4 -1.0 0.1 0.9

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.368 173.2 172.0 1.7 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.7

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.070 132.4 132.4 1.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.0

Mineral products.................................. V 10.123 205.6 219.0 7.8 -13.0 4.4 9.7 6.5

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.828 203.0 216.3 7.8 -13.3 4.5 10.0 6.6

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 8.994 158.3 157.5 0.3 -0.6 -0.9 0.9 -0.5

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.582 331.9 319.7 3.0 0.0 -6.3 2.9 -3.7

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.039 128.3 127.0 -2.6 -2.0 -0.9 0.7 -1.0

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.343 153.0 152.9 1.3 0.0 -0.7 1.4 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.297 90.2 88.4 10.4 -0.7 -0.2 -1.0 -2.0

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.596 102.7 103.1 -0.7 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.4

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.595 105.6 105.0 -2.5 -1.2 1.0 -0.6 -0.6

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.469 140.2 140.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.1 -0.5 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.335 144.0 143.9 0.2 -0.6 -0.4 -0.5 -0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.134 135.0 135.5 -1.7 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 0.4

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.622 125.3 125.3 0.6 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.593 131.7 131.7 1.4 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.875 149.8 149.2 -13.5 1.2 -1.0 1.6 -0.4

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.124 122.8 121.7 7.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 -0.9

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.738 111.8 111.5 5.9 0.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.3

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.880 114.6 114.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.3

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.971 104.7 104.7 0.7 0.0 0.5 -0.4 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.636 120.5 120.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.650 103.9 103.7 -0.5 -0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2018 to March

2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.365 123.2 123.0 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.135 122.3 122.1 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.945 131.9 131.9 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.0

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.266 135.9 135.9 1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.713 178.0 178.9 2.5 1.1 2.5 0.7 0.5

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.888 177.0 177.3 -1.9 -0.2 -1.3 0.3 0.2

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.349 218.6 218.7 -0.5 -0.1 -2.8 -1.4 0.0

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.719 150.1 149.9 -2.0 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.457 289.0 295.0 -1.7 1.1 -2.8 4.1 2.1

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.014 133.3 133.5 -4.2 -0.3 -1.7 0.4 0.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.442 124.0 124.0 0.9 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.521 137.4 137.2 -0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 30.165 79.9 79.8 -1.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.055 86.6 86.3 -0.9 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.110 73.8 73.8 -1.5 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.932 114.0 113.9 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.749 113.0 113.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.075 114.9 114.7 -1.4 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.994 102.1 101.3 -2.1 -0.1 -0.5 0.2 -0.8

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.725 98.7 97.9 -2.1 0.0 -0.6 0.3 -0.8

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.208 142.2 141.4 -3.5 -0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.6

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.456 112.7 112.7 0.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.799 118.7 118.7 0.8 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.385 102.7 102.7 0.8 0.1 -0.8 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.272 129.7 129.6 0.8 0.0 -0.4 0.1 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2018 to March

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.923 209.5 212.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.2

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.119 161.6 161.8 -4.2 0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.1

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.414 122.3 124.8 2.2 -0.7 0.6 1.9 2.0

Vegetable products............................... II 4.530 197.0 201.1 -2.5 8.3 -4.7 0.2 2.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 1.002 142.8 140.8 -5.6 -0.6 3.8 0.8 -1.4

Cereals............................................ 10 1.378 198.0 192.5 -4.4 1.2 – – -2.8

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.686 191.1 189.2 -12.9 3.1 – – -1.0

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.004 153.2 153.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.555 96.2 98.1 -3.0 -1.4 0.0 1.1 2.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.526 105.6 106.2 -2.5 -0.6 0.2 0.9 0.6

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.733 226.2 221.2 -0.1 2.5 1.3 0.0 -2.2

Mineral products.................................. V 10.597 219.1 231.4 3.6 -8.2 -4.5 4.5 5.6

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.409 98.4 101.4 -10.0 0.6 -1.1 2.6 3.0

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.990 210.5 222.9 4.5 -8.7 -4.7 4.6 5.9

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.025 140.1 140.0 0.8 -0.8 0.4 0.6 -0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.741 149.7 149.0 -11.2 -2.0 0.6 3.5 -0.5

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.712 149.8 149.9 3.5 -2.3 2.4 -0.6 0.1

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.009 105.5 105.4 -1.9 -0.4 -1.4 1.0 -0.1

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.533 101.7 99.7 -1.3 0.5 0.5 0.1 -2.0

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.866 133.5 133.4 2.1 -0.1 0.6 1.5 -0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.485 122.8 123.2 3.4 0.6 0.7 -0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.980 156.9 157.1 4.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.206 143.6 144.2 0.5 -0.8 0.0 -0.1 0.4

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.316 140.3 141.3 0.9 -0.7 0.0 -0.2 0.7

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.890 156.3 154.8 -1.5 -1.3 0.2 0.6 -1.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.652 100.2 99.4 -6.0 -0.8 0.6 0.6 -0.8

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.975 130.0 128.2 1.2 -1.9 -3.4 -0.6 -1.4

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.107 128.4 128.3 2.8 0.7 -2.2 0.2 -0.1

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.761 123.5 123.3 -1.6 0.1 -1.6 0.5 -0.2

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.505 126.3 126.3 -10.5 0.4 -5.4 1.8 0.0

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.810 125.9 127.0 2.4 -0.1 1.0 0.0 0.9

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.193 243.6 243.7 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.0

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.742 160.2 161.9 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 0.4 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2018 to March

2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.499 184.7 192.5 -4.8 0.7 -3.3 3.9 4.2

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.715 104.9 106.4 -13.1 -2.4 -0.4 -2.8 1.4

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.335 153.0 155.1 2.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.4

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.132 98.0 98.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.365 116.4 116.4 2.0 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.767 78.3 78.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.673 136.3 136.4 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.308 116.2 116.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.840 109.1 108.9 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.4 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.377 113.1 113.7 1.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.4 0.5

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.762 130.2 130.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.455 88.4 89.5 1.8 -0.2 0.2 1.0 1.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: March 2018 to March 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 126.2 127.4 3.0 -1.5 2.8 2.7 1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.789 181.2 192.5 31.7 -15.7 42.9 24.5 6.2

Manufacturing................................ 88.630 121.0 121.2 0.0 -0.4 0.1 0.6 0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 139.2 142.0 8.4 -4.3 8.4 7.5 2.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 29.410 176.9 188.0 35.4 -17.2 49.5 26.5 6.3

Manufacturing................................ 69.671 130.8 131.1 -1.0 -1.1 -0.7 1.2 0.2

European Union............................... 100.000 137.0 137.4 0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing................................ 98.779 133.5 133.8 0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.5 128.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 112.4 112.7 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 120.5 121.2 0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.0 0.6

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 147.7 147.8 -1.4 -2.6 -1.0 1.0 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.302 251.2 255.4 -0.6 -11.7 -2.1 3.9 1.7

Manufacturing................................ 83.434 121.4 121.1 -1.5 -0.5 -0.8 0.5 -0.2

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.9 127.9 -0.7 -0.8 -1.2 0.6 0.0

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.164 134.4 139.5 4.8 -6.8 -9.3 3.5 3.8

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.573 88.1 87.8 -1.2 -0.1 -0.5 0.3 -0.3

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4

............... 100.000 98.6 98.6 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 99.5 99.5 -0.9 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.6 96.7 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 99.4 99.5 – – -0.1 -0.5 0.1

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 88.0 87.9 -1.0 -0.5 -0.6 0.1 -0.1

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.1 97.2 -1.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 171.7 175.1 -2.3 -6.1 -3.2 0.1 2.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: March 2018 to March 2019

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 103.0 104.1 2.6 0.8 -1.2 0.9 1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.709 112.2 123.2 28.2 18.4 -11.8 5.0 9.8

Manufacturing................................ 90.233 102.6 102.7 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 0.6 0.1

Canada.......................................... 100.000 104.4 106.0 3.7 2.1 -2.9 0.4 1.5

European Union............................... 100.000 104.4 104.7 2.1 -0.6 0.3 0.8 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.495 108.4 111.0 9.3 3.7 0.6 2.7 2.4

Manufacturing................................ 91.445 104.2 104.4 1.8 -0.9 0.3 0.6 0.2

Germany........................................ 100.000 102.0 101.9 -0.2 0.1 0.9 -0.2 -0.1

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 101.5 103.1 1.8 -1.8 -1.1 0.9 1.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.129 107.1 107.9 4.7 6.6 -7.7 0.5 0.7

Manufacturing................................ 92.456 101.2 102.8 1.7 -2.3 -0.6 1.0 1.6

Mexico........................................... 100.000 100.8 102.1 1.2 -1.0 -1.3 0.5 1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.310 102.0 103.7 1.6 8.7 -11.5 -0.2 1.7

Manufacturing................................ 93.206 100.7 102.0 1.1 -1.6 -0.6 0.6 1.3

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 100.3 100.5 -1.2 0.0 -0.3 0.5 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.096 97.8 99.0 -6.7 3.7 0.3 1.9 1.2

Manufacturing................................ 83.884 101.0 101.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 0.1

China............................................ 100.000 98.5 99.0 -3.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 20.343 96.3 97.3 -9.2 2.9 -0.8 2.8 1.0

Manufacturing................................ 75.942 100.0 100.2 -1.6 -0.7 -0.2 0.5 0.2

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.1 100.3 -1.9 -0.4 -1.4 1.3 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 18.718 102.3 103.8 -5.9 0.4 -1.3 3.6 1.5

Manufacturing................................ 80.219 99.4 99.3 -1.5 -0.5 -1.5 0.7 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: March 2018 to March 20191

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.9 100.0 -0.4 2.3 -3.8 -1.8 0.1

Canada.................................................. 98.6 98.1 -4.3 6.7 -10.4 -6.5 -0.5

European Union...................................... 102.6 102.6 1.5 -0.4 0.2 0.5 0.0

Germany................................................ 104.5 104.1 -0.8 0.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.4

Latin America3

........................................ 102.3 103.9 3.3 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 1.6

Mexico.................................................. 101.7 103.0 1.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 1.3

Pacific Rim4

............................................ 100.1 100.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.6 0.2

China................................................... . 99.1 99.6 -2.7 -0.5 -0.3 0.7 0.5

Japan.................................................... 99.0 99.1 -2.1 -0.3 -1.4 1.2 0.1

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: March

2018 to March 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Feb.

20191

Index Percent change

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2018 to

Mar.

2019

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 174.4 175.5 -2.1 -3.2 -1.4 -6.1 0.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.932 149.4 149.7 -0.5 -0.9 2.4 -1.4 0.2

Asia.................................................. 58.618 159.9 161.4 -3.9 -4.9 -3.2 -9.5 0.9

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 165.3 165.5 1.8 -0.1 -0.1 0.4 0.1

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 31.558 150.2 149.8 2.3 0.5 2.4 -1.4 -0.3

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 166.1 167.2 1.1 -1.9 -0.1 -4.4 0.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.761 138.1 138.1 -0.4 -1.0 4.4 -2.4 0.0

Asia.................................................. 55.989 151.5 153.3 1.1 -2.9 -2.5 -6.5 1.2

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 144.5 144.8 1.8 -0.3 -1.2 0.2 0.2

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 32.843 150.7 151.0 2.2 -0.3 2.1 -0.9 0.2

Asia.................................................. 44.972 140.5 140.5 2.0 0.0 -4.3 1.4 0.0

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 186.1 175.4 -0.9 7.6 -3.8 -2.0 -5.7

Europe............................................... 57.711 225.1 206.0 1.1 -1.1 4.2 -1.7 -8.5

Asia.................................................. 17.709 125.5 124.6 -2.4 19.1 -12.3 -9.0 -0.7

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 6.191 155.4 154.5 -7.8 10.4 -16.7 4.9 -0.6

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 146.9 149.2 -5.8 1.4 7.0 -8.9 1.6

Europe............................................... 29.494 194.3 195.8 -7.2 1.9 -2.7 -2.4 0.8

Asia.................................................. 27.612 129.6 131.2 -0.5 4.1 12.5 -13.6 1.2

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 24.775 149.9 154.7 -7.6 -3.1 14.6 -11.6 3.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.