For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, January 4, 2022 USDL-22-0001 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2021 

The number of job openings decreased to 10.6 million on the last business day of November, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 6.7 million and total separations 

increased to 6.3 million. Within separations, the quits rate increased to 3.0 percent, matching a series 

high last seen in September. The layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 0.9 percent. This release 

includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm 

sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 

Job Openings 

On the last business day of November, the number and rate of job openings decreased to 10.6 million 

(-529,000) and 6.6 percent, respectively. Job openings decreased in several industries with the largest 

decreases in accommodation and food services (-261,000); construction (-110,000); and nondurable 

goods manufacturing (-66,000). Job openings increased in finance and insurance (+83,000) and in 

federal government (+25,000). The number of job openings decreased in the South and Midwest 

regions. (See table 1.) 

Hires 

In November, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 6.7 million and 4.5 percent, 

respectively. Hires were little changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.) 

3.0

3.4

3.8

4.2

4.6

5.0

5.4

5.8

6.2

6.6

7.0

7.4

Nov‐18 May‐19 Nov‐19 May‐20 Nov‐20 May‐21 Nov‐21

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

November 2018 - November 2021

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Nov‐18 May‐19 Nov‐19 May‐20 Nov‐20 May‐21 Nov‐21

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

November 2018 - November 2021
- 2 -

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm. 

In November, the number of total separations increased to 6.3 million (+382,000). The total separations 

rate was little changed at 4.2 percent. Total separations increased in accommodation and food services 

(+130,000) but decreased in federal government (-9,000). Total separations were little changed in all 

four regions. (See table 3.) 

The number of quits increased in November to a series high 4.5 million (+370,000). The quits rate 

increased to 3.0 percent, matching the series high in September. Quits increased in several industries 

with the largest increases in accommodation and food services (+159,000); health care and social 

assistance (+52,000); and transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+33,000). The number of quits 

increased in the Northeast, South, and Midwest regions. (See table 4.) 

In November, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.4 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was unchanged at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges decreased in federal government 

(-4,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.) 

The number of other separations was little changed in November at 377,000. The number of other 

separations decreased in real estate and rental and leasing (-5,000) and in federal government (-3,000). 

Other separations increased in the Northeast region. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment 

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. 

Over the 12 months ending in November 2021, hires totaled 74.5 million and separations totaled 68.7 

million, yielding a net employment gain of 5.9 million. These totals include workers who may have been 

hired and separated more than once during the year. 

Establishment Size Class 

In November, the job openings rate decreased in small establishments with 10-49 employees. The hires 

rate increased in large establishments with 5,000 or more employees. The quits rate increased in small 

establishments with 1-9 employees and in large establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees. Both the 

layoffs and discharges rate and the total separations rate increased in large establishments with 1,000 to 

4,999 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, 

please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm. 
- 3 -

____________ 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for December 2021 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, February 1, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET). 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact 

 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data 

More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 

information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-ofcovid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm 
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,766 11,091 10,562 6,019 6,506 6,697 5,744 5,891 6,273

Total private....................................... 6,078 10,173 9,601 5,649 6,140 6,305 5,305 5,538 5,926

Mining and logging............................. 16 36 36 25 23 22 20 22 21

Construction.................................... 261 455 345 389 375 423 362 340 403

Manufacturing.................................. 514 955 858 405 482 472 367 420 420

Durable goods............................... 250 552 522 230 270 270 206 232 244

Nondurable goods........................... 263 402 336 176 212 202 161 188 176

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,204 1,972 1,955 1,285 1,384 1,423 1,123 1,257 1,320

Wholesale trade............................. 175 339 322 150 171 180 143 158 172

Retail trade................................... 720 1,057 1,044 713 875 891 735 866 882

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 310 576 589 421 338 352 245 233 266

Information...................................... 98 173 163 81 126 106 79 101 95

Financial activities.............................. 287 450 538 217 207 237 199 187 224

Finance and insurance..................... 216 324 407 143 129 159 133 117 150

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 70 126 131 73 78 78 66 70 74

Professional and business services......... 1,261 1,871 1,801 1,220 1,237 1,282 1,123 1,120 1,168

Education and health services............... 1,335 2,043 1,970 725 801 815 690 783 836

Educational services........................ 101 174 168 90 104 97 89 88 90

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,234 1,869 1,802 635 697 718 600 694 746

Leisure and hospitality........................ 859 1,750 1,482 1,097 1,241 1,260 1,134 1,067 1,206

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 110 178 172 138 166 181 102 149 158

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 749 1,571 1,310 959 1,075 1,079 1,032 918 1,048

Other services.................................. 243 469 451 206 264 264 209 241 233

Government....................................... 688 918 962 370 366 392 439 353 347

Federal.......................................... 103 137 162 68 44 50 134 48 39

State and local................................. 584 781 800 302 321 342 305 305 308

State and local education.................. 207 303 320 140 164 182 150 145 144

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 377 477 480 163 157 160 155 160 164

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.5 7.0 6.6 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.2

Total private....................................... 4.8 7.4 7.0 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.7

Mining and logging............................. 2.7 5.2 5.3 4.2 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3

Construction.................................... 3.4 5.7 4.4 5.3 5.0 5.6 4.9 4.5 5.4

Manufacturing.................................. 4.0 7.1 6.4 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.0 3.4 3.3

Durable goods............................... 3.2 6.6 6.3 3.0 3.5 3.5 2.7 3.0 3.1

Nondurable goods........................... 5.4 7.8 6.6 3.8 4.5 4.3 3.5 4.0 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.3 6.6 6.6 4.8 5.0 5.1 4.2 4.5 4.8

Wholesale trade............................. 3.0 5.6 5.3 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.7 3.0

Retail trade................................... 4.5 6.4 6.3 4.7 5.7 5.8 4.9 5.6 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 4.7 8.1 8.2 6.7 5.2 5.4 3.9 3.6 4.1

Information...................................... 3.6 5.8 5.5 3.1 4.5 3.8 3.0 3.6 3.4

Financial activities.............................. 3.2 4.8 5.7 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.5

Finance and insurance..................... 3.2 4.7 5.8 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.0 1.8 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 3.1 5.1 5.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.2

Professional and business services......... 5.8 8.1 7.8 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.5

Education and health services............... 5.4 7.9 7.7 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.5

Educational services........................ 2.9 4.6 4.4 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.8 8.5 8.2 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.0 3.4 3.7

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.9 10.1 8.7 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.3 6.9 7.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 5.7 7.4 7.2 7.6 7.5 8.1 5.6 6.7 7.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.0 10.5 8.9 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.7 6.9 7.8

Other services.................................. 4.2 7.5 7.2 3.8 4.6 4.6 3.8 4.2 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Government....................................... 3.1 4.0 4.2 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.6

Federal.......................................... 3.5 4.6 5.3 2.4 1.5 1.7 4.6 1.7 1.4

State and local................................. 3.0 3.9 4.0 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.................. 2.1 2.9 3.1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 4.0 5.0 5.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements. 

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

 The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

 The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar 

sources. 

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are 

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly. 

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program. 

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements. 

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations. 

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust 

again. 

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each 

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 

annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established. 

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month. 

Reliability of the estimates 

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected. 

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total............................................... 6,766 11,098 10,629 10,602 11,091 10,562 4.5 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,078 10,044 9,775 9,614 10,173 9,601 4.8 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.4 7.0

Mining and logging......................... 16 40 38 37 36 36 2.7 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.3

Construction................................ 261 347 358 354 455 345 3.4 4.5 4.6 4.5 5.7 4.4

Manufacturing.............................. 514 906 869 948 955 858 4.0 6.8 6.5 7.1 7.1 6.4

Durable goods........................... 250 517 488 568 552 522 3.2 6.3 5.9 6.8 6.6 6.3

Nondurable goods....................... 263 388 381 380 402 336 5.4 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.8 6.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,204 1,893 2,035 2,020 1,972 1,955 4.3 6.5 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.6

Wholesale trade......................... 175 261 269 319 339 322 3.0 4.4 4.5 5.3 5.6 5.3

Retail trade............................... 720 1,133 1,196 1,073 1,057 1,044 4.5 6.9 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 310 500 570 629 576 589 4.7 7.3 8.2 8.9 8.1 8.2

Information.................................. 98 160 179 155 173 163 3.6 5.5 6.1 5.3 5.8 5.5

Financial activities......................... 287 529 474 438 450 538 3.2 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.8 5.7

Finance and insurance................. 216 344 288 322 324 407 3.2 5.0 4.2 4.7 4.7 5.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 70 185 186 115 126 131 3.1 7.5 7.5 4.7 5.1 5.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,261 1,838 1,869 1,784 1,871 1,801 5.8 8.1 8.2 7.8 8.1 7.8

Education and health services........... 1,335 1,960 1,782 1,940 2,043 1,970 5.4 7.7 7.0 7.6 7.9 7.7

Educational services.................... 101 198 182 134 174 168 2.9 5.2 4.8 3.6 4.6 4.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,234 1,762 1,600 1,806 1,869 1,802 5.8 8.1 7.4 8.2 8.5 8.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 859 1,910 1,683 1,530 1,750 1,482 5.9 11.2 9.9 9.1 10.1 8.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 110 238 224 186 178 172 5.7 10.2 9.5 7.8 7.4 7.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 749 1,672 1,459 1,344 1,571 1,310 6.0 11.3 10.0 9.3 10.5 8.9

Other services.............................. 243 459 487 407 469 451 4.2 7.4 7.8 6.6 7.5 7.2

Government................................... 688 1,055 853 988 918 962 3.1 4.6 3.7 4.3 4.0 4.2

Federal...................................... 103 120 135 136 137 162 3.5 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 5.3

State and local............................. 584 934 718 852 781 800 3.0 4.6 3.6 4.3 3.9 4.0

State and local education.............. 207 412 297 261 303 320 2.1 3.9 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 377 523 421 591 477 480 4.0 5.5 4.5 6.2 5.0 5.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,166 2,030 1,833 1,806 1,839 1,892 4.3 7.0 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.5

South........................................... 2,623 4,203 4,134 4,051 4,198 3,950 4.8 7.2 7.1 6.9 7.2 6.8

Midwest........................................ 1,455 2,394 2,239 2,364 2,569 2,323 4.5 7.0 6.6 6.9 7.4 6.7

West............................................ 1,522 2,472 2,422 2,382 2,485 2,397 4.4 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.7 6.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total............................................... 6,019 6,761 6,497 6,546 6,506 6,697 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,649 6,268 6,140 6,206 6,140 6,305 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0

Mining and logging......................... 25 24 24 18 23 22 4.2 3.8 3.7 2.8 3.6 3.3

Construction................................ 389 377 391 361 375 423 5.3 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.6

Manufacturing.............................. 405 477 476 483 482 472 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8

Durable goods........................... 230 261 260 264 270 270 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods....................... 176 216 216 219 212 202 3.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,285 1,310 1,411 1,375 1,384 1,423 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.1

Wholesale trade......................... 150 183 194 179 171 180 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.1

Retail trade............................... 713 857 932 896 875 891 4.7 5.6 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 421 271 284 301 338 352 6.7 4.3 4.4 4.7 5.2 5.4

Information.................................. 81 98 105 109 126 106 3.1 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.5 3.8

Financial activities......................... 217 224 201 299 207 237 2.5 2.5 2.3 3.4 2.3 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 143 143 126 224 129 159 2.2 2.2 1.9 3.4 2.0 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 73 80 75 75 78 78 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,220 1,258 1,200 1,230 1,237 1,282 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0

Education and health services........... 725 783 815 808 801 815 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

Educational services.................... 90 112 139 59 104 97 2.7 3.1 3.8 1.6 2.9 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 635 671 676 749 697 718 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,097 1,440 1,274 1,243 1,241 1,260 8.1 9.5 8.4 8.1 8.0 8.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 138 183 194 193 166 181 7.6 8.7 9.0 8.8 7.5 8.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 959 1,258 1,080 1,050 1,075 1,079 8.1 9.6 8.2 8.0 8.1 8.1

Other services.............................. 206 277 245 279 264 264 3.8 4.8 4.3 4.9 4.6 4.6

Government................................... 370 494 357 340 366 392 1.7 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8

Federal...................................... 68 48 47 42 44 50 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7

State and local............................. 302 446 310 298 321 342 1.6 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8

State and local education.............. 140 290 161 127 164 182 1.5 2.8 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 163 156 149 171 157 160 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 937 1,015 972 1,033 1,034 1,026 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8

South........................................... 2,458 2,635 2,659 2,662 2,636 2,732 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0

Midwest........................................ 1,316 1,581 1,349 1,365 1,349 1,381 4.3 5.0 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3

West............................................ 1,309 1,530 1,518 1,485 1,486 1,557 3.9 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total............................................... 5,744 5,792 6,032 6,147 5,891 6,273 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,305 5,535 5,735 5,821 5,538 5,926 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.7

Mining and logging......................... 20 18 19 16 22 21 3.3 2.7 2.9 2.5 3.4 3.3

Construction................................ 362 383 384 321 340 403 4.9 5.2 5.2 4.3 4.5 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 367 436 444 452 420 420 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3

Durable goods........................... 206 231 248 243 232 244 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1

Nondurable goods....................... 161 204 196 209 188 176 3.5 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.0 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,123 1,275 1,381 1,282 1,257 1,320 4.2 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.8

Wholesale trade......................... 143 162 200 167 158 172 2.5 2.8 3.5 2.9 2.7 3.0

Retail trade............................... 735 888 959 861 866 882 4.9 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.6 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 245 226 223 255 233 266 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.6 4.1

Information.................................. 79 79 80 97 101 95 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.4

Financial activities......................... 199 206 196 267 187 224 2.3 2.3 2.2 3.0 2.1 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 133 134 128 207 117 150 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.2 1.8 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 66 73 67 59 70 74 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.6 3.0 3.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,123 1,193 1,126 1,134 1,120 1,168 5.5 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.5

Education and health services........... 690 696 742 806 783 836 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.5

Educational services.................... 89 69 71 89 88 90 2.6 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 600 627 672 717 694 746 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,134 1,009 1,180 1,158 1,067 1,206 8.3 6.6 7.7 7.5 6.9 7.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 102 124 120 167 149 158 5.6 6.0 5.6 7.6 6.7 7.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,032 885 1,060 992 918 1,048 8.7 6.7 8.1 7.5 6.9 7.8

Other services.............................. 209 240 181 288 241 233 3.8 4.2 3.2 5.0 4.2 4.0

Government................................... 439 258 297 326 353 347 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 134 40 43 45 48 39 4.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4

State and local............................. 305 217 255 281 305 308 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 150 69 125 149 145 144 1.6 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 155 149 130 132 160 164 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 904 918 888 922 930 1,021 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.8

South........................................... 2,176 2,269 2,370 2,476 2,389 2,547 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.7

Midwest........................................ 1,308 1,305 1,401 1,381 1,242 1,350 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.2

West............................................ 1,355 1,300 1,374 1,367 1,330 1,356 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total............................................... 3,296 4,028 4,270 4,362 4,157 4,527 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,113 3,872 4,087 4,166 3,945 4,311 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.4

Mining and logging......................... 12 9 10 9 14 13 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.4 2.1 2.0

Construction................................ 163 198 192 192 191 207 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 235 300 312 324 298 293 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.3

Durable goods........................... 129 154 170 172 163 167 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 106 146 141 152 135 126 2.3 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 752 954 1,041 976 953 996 2.8 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.6

Wholesale trade......................... 75 129 158 126 117 132 1.3 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.0 2.3

Retail trade............................... 540 682 730 686 691 686 3.6 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 137 143 153 164 145 178 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.7

Information.................................. 40 50 43 49 54 54 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.0

Financial activities......................... 124 133 126 150 113 154 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.7

Finance and insurance................. 82 79 85 113 66 95 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 42 54 41 37 47 59 1.9 2.4 1.8 1.6 2.0 2.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 592 697 701 719 730 798 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.7

Education and health services........... 446 582 597 625 606 660 1.9 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8

Educational services.................... 46 50 44 63 60 62 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 400 532 552 562 546 598 2.0 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 622 807 934 955 840 1,002 4.6 5.3 6.1 6.2 5.4 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 56 72 68 117 79 82 3.1 3.4 3.2 5.3 3.6 3.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 566 735 867 838 761 920 4.8 5.6 6.6 6.4 5.7 6.9

Other services.............................. 126 142 132 167 146 134 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.5 2.3

Government................................... 183 157 183 196 212 216 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0

Federal...................................... 24 19 20 22 23 21 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7

State and local............................. 159 137 163 174 188 195 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0

State and local education.............. 81 45 77 92 88 87 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 78 92 86 82 101 108 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 466 589 619 616 611 670 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5

South........................................... 1,445 1,596 1,706 1,805 1,723 1,898 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.5

Midwest........................................ 709 921 1,024 949 888 999 2.3 2.9 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.1

West............................................ 676 921 921 992 936 960 2.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total............................................... 2,123 1,423 1,385 1,396 1,350 1,369 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,930 1,368 1,330 1,333 1,283 1,308 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Mining and logging......................... 7 7 8 5 7 7 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.1

Construction................................ 189 167 168 113 132 181 2.6 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.8 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 110 118 104 105 99 99 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 62 67 60 59 53 59 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 47 51 44 47 45 40 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 327 267 271 246 252 261 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 61 27 31 32 36 34 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

Retail trade............................... 174 167 186 145 146 151 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 92 73 54 70 70 76 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2

Information.................................. 33 26 25 38 37 30 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.1

Financial activities......................... 54 47 44 47 37 34 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 36 30 24 30 20 19 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 18 17 20 17 17 14 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 449 404 347 359 318 293 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4

Education and health services........... 203 75 111 141 130 131 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6

Educational services.................... 38 16 21 21 23 23 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 165 59 89 120 107 108 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 485 171 211 177 196 184 3.6 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 44 50 50 46 66 73 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.1 3.0 3.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 441 121 161 131 130 111 3.7 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8

Other services.............................. 72 88 42 102 76 88 1.3 1.5 0.7 1.8 1.3 1.5

Government................................... 194 55 54 63 67 61 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 98 7 8 10 9 5 3.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local............................. 95 47 46 54 58 56 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 41 17 29 27 30 30 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 54 31 17 27 29 26 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 382 258 205 243 260 270 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0

South........................................... 636 541 516 531 505 516 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

Midwest........................................ 527 308 299 346 282 278 1.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9

West............................................ 578 316 365 276 302 304 1.7 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total............................................... 325 341 378 388 385 377 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 262 295 317 322 311 307 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 2 2 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Construction................................ 10 18 24 16 18 16 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 22 18 28 23 24 28 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 15 10 18 12 15 18 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 8 8 10 10 9 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 44 54 69 60 52 63 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 6 6 11 9 4 5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Retail trade............................... 22 38 43 29 30 45 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 16 10 16 22 18 12 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Information.................................. 5 3 13 10 10 10 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3

Financial activities......................... 21 27 26 70 37 37 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 16 25 20 64 32 36 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 5 2 7 5 6 1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 82 92 79 55 72 77 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 41 38 35 41 47 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 5 3 5 5 6 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 36 36 30 36 42 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 26 32 34 27 31 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 3 2 4 4 3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 25 29 32 23 27 17 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Other services.............................. 10 11 8 18 18 10 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2

Government................................... 63 46 60 66 74 70 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 14 15 13 16 13 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local............................. 51 33 46 53 58 57 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 29 7 18 30 27 27 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 22 26 28 23 31 30 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 56 70 64 63 59 81 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 95 132 149 140 161 133 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 72 75 77 86 72 73 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 101 63 88 100 93 91 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 6,311 11,528 9,912 4.2 7.2 6.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,654 10,646 8,997 4.4 7.7 6.6

Mining and logging............................................... 15 38 34 2.4 5.5 5.0

Construction....................................................... 231 453 307 3.0 5.6 3.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 490 963 818 3.9 7.1 6.1

Durable goods.................................................. 246 562 510 3.1 6.7 6.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 244 401 308 5.0 7.8 6.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,151 2,157 1,865 4.0 7.2 6.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 160 336 305 2.8 5.5 5.0

Retail trade..................................................... 673 1,250 963 4.2 7.5 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 319 571 597 4.7 8.1 8.1

Information........................................................ 87 186 151 3.2 6.2 5.1

Financial activities................................................ 254 493 509 2.8 5.2 5.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 198 354 390 2.9 5.1 5.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 55 139 119 2.4 5.6 4.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,151 1,995 1,678 5.3 8.5 7.2

Education and health services.................................. 1,261 2,157 1,899 5.1 8.3 7.3

Educational services.......................................... 95 177 160 2.6 4.5 4.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,166 1,980 1,738 5.5 8.9 7.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 806 1,696 1,341 5.7 9.9 8.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 90 166 132 5.0 7.1 5.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 715 1,530 1,209 5.8 10.3 8.4

Other services.................................................... 208 508 395 3.7 8.1 6.4

Government.......................................................... 657 882 915 2.9 3.8 3.9

Federal............................................................. 97 126 158 3.3 4.2 5.2

State and local.................................................... 559 756 757 2.8 3.8 3.8

State and local education..................................... 192 270 280 1.9 2.5 2.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 368 486 476 3.9 5.2 5.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,101 1,882 1,801 4.0 6.5 6.2

South................................................................. 2,469 4,394 3,713 4.5 7.4 6.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,373 2,644 2,202 4.2 7.6 6.4

West.................................................................. 1,367 2,608 2,197 3.9 6.9 5.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 5,563 6,889 6,245 3.9 4.6 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,275 6,557 5,929 4.3 5.2 4.6

Mining and logging............................................... 21 26 16 3.5 4.0 2.5

Construction....................................................... 302 390 347 4.1 5.1 4.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 357 485 425 2.9 3.9 3.4

Durable goods.................................................. 204 272 248 2.7 3.5 3.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 152 213 177 3.3 4.5 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,565 1,645 1,728 5.7 5.9 6.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 129 180 159 2.3 3.1 2.8

Retail trade..................................................... 880 1,052 1,051 5.7 6.8 6.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 557 413 518 8.7 6.3 7.7

Information........................................................ 76 155 95 2.9 5.5 3.4

Financial activities................................................ 189 234 217 2.2 2.6 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 127 146 150 1.9 2.2 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 62 88 68 2.8 3.8 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,108 1,310 1,211 5.4 6.1 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 604 895 701 2.6 3.7 2.9

Educational services.......................................... 65 107 69 1.8 2.8 1.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 539 787 632 2.7 3.9 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 892 1,166 977 6.6 7.6 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 99 139 122 5.8 6.4 5.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 793 1,027 855 6.8 7.7 6.5

Other services.................................................... 162 251 211 3.0 4.3 3.6

Government.......................................................... 288 332 316 1.3 1.5 1.4

Federal............................................................. 68 49 57 2.3 1.7 2.0

State and local.................................................... 220 284 259 1.2 1.5 1.3

State and local education..................................... 88 135 121 0.9 1.3 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 132 148 139 1.5 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 857 1,068 920 3.3 3.9 3.4

South................................................................. 2,279 2,826 2,560 4.3 5.2 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,235 1,392 1,300 4.0 4.3 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,192 1,603 1,465 3.5 4.6 4.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 5,116 6,029 5,745 3.6 4.0 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,782 5,657 5,469 3.9 4.5 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 15 23 16 2.5 3.5 2.5

Construction....................................................... 369 357 417 5.0 4.7 5.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 328 430 372 2.7 3.4 3.0

Durable goods.................................................. 172 236 206 2.3 3.0 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 156 194 166 3.4 4.1 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,037 1,257 1,249 3.8 4.5 4.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 122 175 155 2.2 3.0 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 697 848 843 4.5 5.5 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 218 234 251 3.4 3.6 3.7

Information........................................................ 66 101 83 2.5 3.6 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 167 185 198 1.9 2.1 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 112 115 135 1.7 1.8 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 55 70 63 2.5 3.0 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,034 1,128 1,079 5.0 5.2 5.0

Education and health services.................................. 554 764 722 2.4 3.2 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 56 72 66 1.6 1.9 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 498 692 656 2.5 3.4 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,028 1,192 1,117 7.7 7.7 7.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 115 207 192 6.8 9.6 9.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 913 985 926 7.8 7.4 7.0

Other services.................................................... 185 219 217 3.4 3.8 3.8

Government.......................................................... 334 373 276 1.5 1.7 1.2

Federal............................................................. 133 55 36 4.6 1.9 1.2

State and local.................................................... 201 317 240 1.1 1.6 1.2

State and local education..................................... 68 142 94 0.7 1.4 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 133 176 146 1.5 2.0 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 827 941 990 3.1 3.5 3.6

South................................................................. 1,862 2,430 2,263 3.5 4.4 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,222 1,263 1,250 3.9 3.9 3.9

West.................................................................. 1,205 1,396 1,242 3.6 4.0 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 2,758 4,282 4,044 1.9 2.9 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,626 4,052 3,857 2.2 3.2 3.0

Mining and logging............................................... 9 14 10 1.4 2.2 1.6

Construction....................................................... 135 198 181 1.8 2.6 2.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 197 302 247 1.6 2.4 2.0

Durable goods.................................................. 103 164 136 1.4 2.1 1.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 95 138 110 2.1 2.9 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 690 989 939 2.5 3.6 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 58 125 120 1.0 2.2 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 501 709 647 3.2 4.6 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 131 155 173 2.0 2.4 2.6

Information........................................................ 35 55 50 1.3 2.0 1.8

Financial activities................................................ 106 115 141 1.2 1.3 1.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 70 65 87 1.1 1.0 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 36 50 54 1.6 2.1 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 514 768 726 2.5 3.6 3.3

Education and health services.................................. 353 609 574 1.5 2.5 2.4

Educational services.......................................... 30 53 47 0.8 1.4 1.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 323 556 528 1.6 2.8 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 482 865 877 3.6 5.6 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 38 79 67 2.2 3.7 3.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 444 786 810 3.8 5.9 6.1

Other services.................................................... 104 137 112 1.9 2.4 1.9

Government.......................................................... 132 230 187 0.6 1.0 0.8

Federal............................................................. 23 27 21 0.8 0.9 0.7

State and local.................................................... 109 203 167 0.6 1.1 0.9

State and local education..................................... 44 97 68 0.4 0.9 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 65 106 99 0.7 1.2 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 386 615 602 1.5 2.3 2.2

South................................................................. 1,205 1,767 1,677 2.3 3.2 3.0

Midwest............................................................... 604 909 886 1.9 2.8 2.7

West.................................................................. 563 991 879 1.7 2.8 2.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 2,102 1,373 1,389 1.5 0.9 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,937 1,296 1,346 1.6 1.0 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 5 6 5 0.9 1.0 0.7

Construction....................................................... 224 141 221 3.0 1.8 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 114 106 101 0.9 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 58 58 54 0.8 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 56 49 46 1.2 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 307 221 251 1.1 0.8 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 58 45 32 1.0 0.8 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 177 117 152 1.1 0.8 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 72 60 67 1.1 0.9 1.0

Information........................................................ 28 38 26 1.1 1.4 0.9

Financial activities................................................ 44 32 20 0.5 0.4 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 31 16 12 0.5 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 13 17 8 0.6 0.7 0.4

Professional and business services............................ 448 283 288 2.2 1.3 1.3

Education and health services.................................. 171 115 114 0.7 0.5 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 23 14 16 0.7 0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 148 101 98 0.7 0.5 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 521 294 224 3.9 1.9 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 75 124 120 4.4 5.7 5.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 446 170 103 3.8 1.3 0.8

Other services.................................................... 73 60 97 1.3 1.0 1.7

Government.......................................................... 166 77 43 0.8 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 100 11 5 3.5 0.4 0.2

State and local.................................................... 66 66 38 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 14 24 14 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 52 42 24 0.6 0.5 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 401 269 321 1.5 1.0 1.2

South................................................................. 576 503 466 1.1 0.9 0.8

Midwest............................................................... 565 286 310 1.8 0.9 1.0

West.................................................................. 561 314 291 1.7 0.9 0.8

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 256 375 312 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 220 308 266 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 2 1 0.1 0.3 0.2

Construction....................................................... 10 19 15 0.1 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 17 21 24 0.1 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 11 14 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 5 7 9 0.1 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 40 47 59 0.1 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 5 4 4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 19 23 44 0.1 0.1 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 15 20 11 0.2 0.3 0.2

Information........................................................ 3 8 7 0.1 0.3 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 16 38 36 0.2 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 12 35 36 0.2 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 5 4 0 0.2 0.2 0.0

Professional and business services............................ 72 77 65 0.3 0.4 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 29 40 34 0.1 0.2 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 2 4 3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 27 36 31 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 25 33 17 0.2 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 4 4 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 23 29 13 0.2 0.2 0.1

Other services.................................................... 7 22 7 0.1 0.4 0.1

Government.......................................................... 36 66 46 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 10 18 10 0.3 0.6 0.3

State and local.................................................... 26 49 36 0.1 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 11 21 12 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 15 28 23 0.2 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 39 56 67 0.1 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 83 160 119 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 53 68 54 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 80 91 72 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.