U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – JANUARY 2023

U.S. import prices decreased 0.2 percent in January following a revised 0.1-percent drop the previous 

month, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower fuel prices in January more than offset 

higher nonfuel prices. In contrast, prices for U.S. exports advanced 0.8 percent in January, after falling 3.2 

percent in December. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: January 2022 – January 2023

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports fell 0.2 percent in January and have not recorded a monthly advance since June 

2022. Overall, U.S. import prices declined 4.9 percent from June 2022 to January 2023. Despite the recent 

declines, the price index for U.S. imports advanced 0.8 percent over the past year. The 12-month increase in 

January was the smallest over-the-year rise since import prices fell 0.3 percent from December 2019 to 

December 2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 4.9 percent in January following a 4.4-percent drop the previous 

month. Lower petroleum and natural gas prices contributed to the January decrease. The price index for 

import petroleum fell 4.5 percent in January, after declining 7.3 percent in December. Import petroleum 

prices have not recorded a 1-month advance since June 2022. Prices for import natural gas decreased 11.2 

percent in January following a 42.7-percent increase the previous month. Despite the recent declines, import 

fuel prices rose 0.4 percent over the past year. The increase was driven by a 20.1-percent advance in natural 

gas prices which more than offset a 1.2-percent drop in petroleum prices. 

2.0 1.8

2.9

0.5 0.5 0.2

-1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -0.3 -0.8 -0.1 -0.2

10.8 11.4

13.0 12.5 11.6

10.7

8.8

7.7

6.1

4.2

2.7 3.0 0.8

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Jan'22 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan'23

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, February 17, 2023 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-23-0281
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports rose 0.3 percent in January, after 

advancing 0.4 percent in December. Higher January prices for foods, feeds, and beverages; capital goods; 

automotive vehicles; and consumer goods more than offset lower nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 

prices. Prices for nonfuel imports increased 0.8 percent over the past year, the smallest 12-month rise since 

August 2020. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import foods, feeds, and beverages prices increased 1.3 percent in January, 

after advancing 0.6 percent the previous month. The January rise was driven by higher prices for vegetables, 

fish and shellfish, other animal and vegetable preparations, and coffee. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials decreased 0.2 

percent in January following a 1.2-percent increase the previous month. The January decline was led by 

lower prices for plastic materials, lumber and other unfinished building materials, and industrial organic 

chemicals. 

Finished Goods: Import prices increased for each of the major finished goods categories in January. The 

price index for capital goods rose 0.3 percent, after increasing 0.2 percent in December. Higher industrial 

and service machinery prices drove the January advance. Prices for automotive vehicles increased 0.6 

percent in January following no change the previous month. Consumer goods prices also advanced in 

January, increasing 0.2 percent, after ticking up 0.1 percent in December. The January increase was driven 

by a 0.8-percent rise in medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: January 2022 – January 2023

Exports 

U.S. export prices rose 0.8 percent in January, the first monthly advance since the index increased 1.1 

percent in June 2022. In January, higher nonagricultural prices more than offset lower agricultural prices. 

Prices for U.S. exports advanced 2.3 percent over the past year, the smallest 12-month increase since a 0.4-

percent rise in December 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports declined 0.2 percent in January following a 2.5-

percent decrease in December. A 21.6-percent drop in January vegetable prices more than offset higher 

prices for soybeans and corn. Despite the decline, agricultural export prices rose 5.8 percent from January 

2022 to January 2023. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 0.8 percent in 

January, after declining 3.3 percent the previous month. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies 

and materials; capital goods; automotive vehicles; and consumer goods all contributed to the January 

advance. In contrast, nonagricultural foods prices decreased 0.2 percent. Nonagricultural export prices rose

1.7 percent over the past year.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 

and materials rose 0.8 percent in January, after declining 7.1 percent the previous month. The increase in 

January was the first 1-month advance since June 2022 and was led by higher fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Export prices advanced for each of the major finished goods categories in January. Capital 

goods prices advanced 0.8 percent in January, the largest monthly increase since the index rose 0.9 percent 

in January 2022. The January 2023 advance was driven by higher prices for industrial and service 

machinery and electrical generating equipment. The price index for automotive vehicles increased 1.2 

percent in January, the largest monthly advance since the 1-month percent change series began in January 

1989. The January increase was led by a 6.7-percent rise in engines and engine parts prices. Prices for 

consumer goods advanced 0.8 percent in January, the largest 1-month increase since a 0.8-percent rise in 

March 2022. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 

www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm. 

2.8 3.2 3.9

1.0

2.7

1.1

-3.7

-1.4 -0.9 -0.5 -0.4

-3.2

0.8

15.0

16.8

18.4 18.2 18.6 18.6

12.9

11.2

9.8

7.2

6.1

4.3

2.3

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

Jan'22 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan'23

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China declined 0.4 percent in January, the largest 

monthly decrease since November 2016. The January decrease was led by a 2.3-percent drop in the price 

index for communications equipment manufacturing. Prices for imports from China were unchanged over 

the past year. In contrast, the price index for imports from Japan rose 0.2 percent in January, after ticking up 

0.1 percent the previous month. Import prices from Japan increased 2.0 percent for the year ended in 

January. Prices for imports from the European Union rose 1.3 percent in January and the price index for 

imports from Mexico advanced 0.8 percent over the same period. Import prices from the European Union 

and Mexico also increased over the past 12 months, rising 4.7 percent and 2.7 percent, respectively. In 

contrast, prices for imports from Canada decreased in January, edging down 0.1 percent following a 3.0-

percent decline in December. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China rose 1.0 percent in January, after declining 

3.0 percent in December. The January increase was the first 1-month advance since June 2022. Despite the 

January rise, export prices to China declined 2.1 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for 

exports to Japan fell 0.2 percent in January following a 4.4-percent decrease the previous month. Prices for 

exports to Japan declined 3.0 percent for the year ended in January, the first 12-month drop in the index 

since October 2020. Export prices to Mexico and the European Union increased in January, advancing 0.7 

percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. In contrast, the price index for exports to Canada fell 0.3 percent in 

January, after no change in December. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China increased 

1.3 percent in January, the first monthly advance since a 1.7-percent rise in June 2022. Both the increase in 

export prices to China and the decline in import prices from China contributed to the January advance in 

U.S. terms of trade with China. Despite the recent rise, U.S. terms of trade with China fell 2.2 percent over 

the past 12 months. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 0.4 percent in January and 4.9 

percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also declined in 

January, falling 1.2 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively. U.S. terms of trade with Canada decreased 0.2 

percent in January, the first 1-month decline since a 0.6-percent drop in June 2022. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares fell 12.4 percent in January, the largest 1-month decrease since the 

index declined 19.4 percent in January 2022. The January 2023 drop followed a 5.9-percent increase in 

December. The index for import air passenger fares advanced 23.2 percent from January 2022 to January 

2023. Import air freight prices recorded a double-digit change for the fourth consecutive month in January, 

falling 11.2 percent, after a 10.9-percent advance in December, a 10.1-percent decrease in November, and

an 11.9-percent drop in October. Prices for import air freight declined 34.7 percent for the year ended in 

January. (See table 10.) 

Exports: In contrast to imports, export air passenger fares increased 12.4 percent in January, the largest 

monthly advance since a 14.5-percent rise in November 2020. Higher Latin American/Caribbean fares led 

the January increase and rising Asian and European fares also contributed. The January rise drove the 12.4-

percent advance in export air passenger fares over the past 12 months. Export air freight prices increased 1.8 

percent in January following a 1.9-percent advance the previous month. Prices for export air freight rose 7.0 

percent for the year ended in January. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for February 2023 are scheduled for release on Thursday, 

March 16, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2022 to

January 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 141.5 141.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.8 -0.1 -0.2

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.200 108.7 108.9 0.7 0.0 -0.5 0.4 0.2

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 91.179 124.8 125.1 1.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.7 0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 90.146 127.9 128.3 0.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.3

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.947 209.0 211.7 2.3 -1.0 1.8 0.6 1.3

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 5.524 230.0 232.8 3.7 -1.0 2.6 0.7 1.2

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.422 159.8 162.5 -3.4 -0.9 -1.3 0.1 1.7

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 25.894 259.0 253.9 -1.7 -1.1 -2.8 -0.8 -2.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 17.251 217.6 216.1 -1.6 -0.8 -1.8 2.7 -0.7

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 16.047 235.6 235.2 -2.6 -0.4 -2.2 1.2 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.007 226.6 226.2 -4.2 -0.3 -2.5 2.4 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 7.065 208.0 205.1 3.2 -1.5 -0.8 3.2 -1.4

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 9.854 309.2 294.1 0.4 -2.2 -3.9 -4.4 -4.9

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 8.821 316.2 302.0 -1.2 -1.6 -4.6 -7.3 -4.5

Crude petroleum........................... 10000 5.088 296.3 299.4 -5.6 -2.2 -4.6 -11.3 1.0

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.907 378.8 341.7 18.4 -9.5 5.3 34.8 -9.8

Natural gas.................................. 10110 0.798 386.9 343.4 20.1 -11.7 6.7 42.7 -11.2

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.558 150.1 148.7 19.6 0.7 -2.2 0.4 -0.9

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 5.475 209.7 209.8 -0.9 -0.6 -1.5 -1.4 0.0

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.751 193.0 189.1 -17.5 -2.4 -0.7 -2.5 -2.0

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.148 344.7 345.5 -4.6 0.4 -4.0 4.7 0.2

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 2.308 216.5 217.0 2.0 0.1 -2.5 3.2 0.2

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.800 127.2 127.3 2.2 -1.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Capital goods................................... 2 27.467 93.4 93.7 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.700 129.3 129.3 4.0 -0.5 0.5 0.2 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.425 84.5 84.8 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 1.342 147.8 148.2 5.0 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.3

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 12.608 117.1 117.8 2.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.6

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.085 109.9 110.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.608 124.5 125.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.5

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 13.485 95.5 95.4 0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.2 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 0.992 129.2 128.2 -1.1 -0.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2022 to

January 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 150.4 151.6 2.3 -0.5 -0.4 -3.2 0.8

Agricultural commodities....................... 8.732 252.5 252.0 5.8 -0.6 2.8 -2.5 -0.2

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 71.516 113.3 113.8 0.9 -1.0 -0.3 0.3 0.4

All exports excluding fuels (June

2022=100)........................................ 74.838 98.5 99.3 – -0.6 0.1 0.0 0.8

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 91.268 142.6 143.8 1.7 -0.5 -0.9 -3.3 0.8

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.207 255.5 255.2 6.0 -0.3 3.2 -2.7 -0.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 7.797 257.3 256.9 6.5 -0.3 3.4 -2.8 -0.2

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.410 223.6 223.2 -5.3 -0.3 -0.8 0.1 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 41.444 208.6 210.2 0.1 -1.0 -1.6 -6.8 0.8

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.632 212.8 214.0 -1.7 -1.1 -0.9 2.2 0.6

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 30.811 204.0 205.8 0.8 -1.1 -1.8 -9.5 0.9

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 0.917 231.7 229.7 1.0 -2.0 -1.4 0.2 -0.9

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 40.526 207.9 209.6 0.1 -1.0 -1.6 -7.1 0.8

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 20.277 260.3 266.5 5.1 0.6 -2.7 -14.5 2.4

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.404 196.8 195.4 -4.3 -2.8 -0.3 0.7 -0.7

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.845 152.5 151.8 -3.8 -2.6 -2.1 0.1 -0.5

Capital goods................................... 2 30.559 118.9 119.8 2.9 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.8

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.544 136.0 136.6 4.8 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.4

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.225 100.1 100.8 2.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.7

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 4.791 198.7 201.7 4.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.5

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 8.148 122.2 123.7 5.2 -0.1 0.0 0.3 1.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 11.642 116.6 117.5 2.6 0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.8

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.055 108.7 109.1 -1.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.3 0.4

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.351 115.9 117.5 5.6 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 1.4

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.235 127.3 127.6 14.7 -0.1 -0.7 -0.2 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: January 2022 to January 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.411 151.1 151.2 -2.2 -3.1 -1.6 -4.5 0.1

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.137 214.7 218.3 0.6 -3.8 5.4 1.8 1.7

Crop production............................... 111 1.740 227.2 230.9 -0.6 -3.8 6.6 1.4 1.6

Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)........ 112 0.233 100.0 103.9 – – – – 3.9

Mining............................................ 21 6.273 148.0 147.4 -3.1 -3.0 -3.5 -6.4 -0.4

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 6.027 147.2 146.2 -3.4 -2.9 -3.7 -6.7 -0.7

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2022=100)................................... 212 0.246 100.0 107.0 – – – – 7.0

Manufacturing..................................... 91.267 123.5 123.2 1.1 0.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.247 138.1 138.6 2.0 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.4

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.147 185.9 187.3 3.3 0.7 -0.5 0.0 0.8

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.126 135.2 137.1 3.4 -0.1 0.1 0.4 1.4

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.193 119.6 119.5 3.4 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.359 127.1 127.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 20.580 149.6 146.9 -1.1 -0.8 -1.4 -0.7 -1.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.999 127.9 127.1 9.8 0.2 -1.7 0.2 -0.6

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 3.546 165.7 144.7 13.1 -0.5 -4.4 -0.4 -12.7

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 11.277 154.5 156.0 -1.7 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9 1.0

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.601 133.1 132.2 1.9 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.7

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.039 142.4 143.9 3.8 0.1 -0.3 0.7 1.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.440 112.9 113.1 1.6 0.4 -0.5 0.7 0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.964 233.6 233.5 -1.2 1.3 -4.1 4.5 0.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.325 150.6 149.7 0.9 -1.0 -0.1 0.8 -0.6

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.447 128.3 130.3 4.1 -0.2 0.0 0.5 1.6

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.898 74.1 73.9 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.878 126.8 126.7 1.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 12.818 116.2 116.6 2.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.3

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.999 129.4 130.1 4.8 -0.4 -0.1 0.5 0.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 6.111 126.5 126.6 2.4 -0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: January 2022 to January 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 16.329 197.8 195.7 -0.9 -3.7 -0.5 -8.1 -1.1

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.837 223.8 220.2 2.8 -1.8 4.7 -3.5 -1.6

Crop production............................... 111 5.579 238.8 234.6 3.6 -1.9 4.9 -3.6 -1.8

Mining............................................ 21 10.492 122.0 121.1 -3.0 -4.5 -3.2 -10.8 -0.7

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100). .. 211 9.093 109.1 108.2 -2.8 -4.8 -3.6 -12.1 -0.8

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.399 144.4 143.5 -4.8 -1.5 0.6 1.9 -0.6

Manufacturing..................................... 82.048 133.5 134.4 2.8 0.4 -0.5 -2.2 0.7

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.989 176.7 177.3 5.4 0.7 0.2 -1.6 0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 5.191 209.3 210.0 6.3 0.9 0.1 -2.0 0.3

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.532 145.8 145.5 5.8 0.5 1.4 0.7 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 26.146 138.4 139.4 1.6 1.2 -0.8 -6.6 0.7

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.404 116.6 116.4 -14.7 -2.4 -3.6 -2.3 -0.2

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.665 157.4 160.3 14.8 0.3 1.7 -0.7 1.8

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.682 154.9 163.3 15.3 9.2 -1.8 -19.9 5.4

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 14.201 134.1 132.1 -6.1 -3.0 -0.5 -0.7 -1.5

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.239 132.8 134.1 5.4 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.0

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.762 133.1 133.0 9.8 -3.3 -0.8 3.1 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 48.913 126.8 127.7 3.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.7

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.362 209.2 206.4 -5.1 -1.0 -2.4 2.4 -1.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.076 144.2 147.0 6.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.9

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 12.729 83.7 83.7 0.0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.469 133.4 134.7 5.4 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 11.591 139.3 141.3 5.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.721 134.1 134.5 6.3 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2022 to

January 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.480 225.0 227.5 -2.2 -1.2 -1.9 -0.7 1.1

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.375 300.4 293.4 -12.9 -3.2 -3.1 -3.5 -2.3

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.804 156.5 160.3 -2.9 -0.4 -1.8 0.3 2.4

Vegetable products............................... II 2.188 253.6 257.0 1.3 -2.7 3.5 2.8 1.3

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.547 494.7 512.4 6.6 -3.4 2.0 0.1 3.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.788 126.2 125.5 -3.8 -4.0 14.7 4.9 -0.6

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.365 284.8 298.5 -1.0 -2.2 -7.8 -2.1 4.8

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.391 151.9 154.5 4.5 1.6 0.7 -1.4 1.7

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.269 191.0 192.6 5.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.8

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2021=100)..................................... 17 0.199 107.3 109.2 6.7 1.7 -0.5 -0.3 1.8

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.224 112.0 113.3 11.1 -0.3 8.5 1.0 1.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 21 0.398 100.0 100.0 – – – – 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.060 147.9 150.2 3.5 -0.1 0.3 0.1 1.6

Mineral products.................................. V 9.956 316.1 301.0 0.5 -2.2 -3.8 -4.5 -4.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.640 310.1 294.2 0.4 -2.1 -4.0 -4.6 -5.1

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.613 174.2 176.0 -0.3 -0.8 -0.2 -0.5 1.0

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.648 548.2 555.9 6.2 0.9 0.4 -0.6 1.4

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.327 144.6 146.4 -1.5 -0.8 -0.2 -0.1 1.2

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.073 146.4 147.3 -2.1 -0.8 0.0 0.1 0.6

Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100).................... 31 0.522 100.0 104.1 – – – – 4.1

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)............. 32 0.194 100.0 99.7 – – – – -0.3

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.811 120.5 121.4 4.8 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.7

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.108 157.5 156.0 -2.3 -0.2 -1.4 -0.2 -1.0

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.706 159.0 156.7 -5.1 -0.2 -2.0 -0.3 -1.4

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.402 157.8 158.0 4.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.1

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.998 134.4 133.4 9.7 0.1 -2.1 0.1 -0.7

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.402 121.0 120.9 0.8 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.219 127.7 127.9 3.2 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.2

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.195 127.0 127.0 1.3 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 0.948 124.0 123.9 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.905 134.4 136.0 3.0 0.1 -0.3 0.4 1.2

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.337 101.7 100.9 1.5 0.5 0.0 -0.6 -0.8

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)....... 70 0.302 100.3 102.6 2.9 -0.1 -0.5 -0.6 2.3

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.283 232.9 237.5 3.0 1.6 -3.7 4.9 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2022 to

January 2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 6.305 237.6 237.1 -1.5 -0.9 -1.6 1.8 -0.2

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.860 204.0 205.4 0.3 -0.9 0.2 -0.1 0.7

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.538 380.2 377.7 -9.6 -0.8 2.7 6.8 -0.7

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.072 192.8 193.2 -2.4 -2.4 -1.7 5.5 0.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.436 129.7 131.1 3.3 0.0 -0.3 0.3 1.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.560 152.2 152.0 3.4 -0.8 0.5 0.0 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.738 82.8 82.9 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.122 89.6 90.0 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.615 76.5 76.3 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 10.715 121.1 121.8 3.2 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.6

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 10.096 120.1 120.9 3.1 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.7

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 0.509 107.9 107.9 6.1 3.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.033 106.0 106.4 3.2 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.4

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.760 102.0 102.1 3.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.791 120.0 120.3 3.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.5 0.3

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.742 128.2 128.8 3.3 -0.4 -0.1 0.5 0.5

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.769 106.4 106.4 3.3 -0.1 -0.7 0.7 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.279 138.0 138.0 3.1 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2022 to

January 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.146 273.0 271.6 -2.3 0.1 -0.4 -2.5 -0.5

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.275 211.8 211.1 -7.2 0.0 -1.6 -4.2 -0.3

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100).............. 03 0.291 100.0 99.4 – – – – -0.6

Vegetable products............................... II 5.514 293.5 289.7 5.5 -1.5 5.6 -4.0 -1.3

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.821 138.9 137.3 -7.3 0.7 4.3 1.5 -1.2

Cereals............................................ 10 1.995 327.9 332.4 7.6 3.9 3.1 -8.4 1.4

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.078 308.3 315.4 9.5 -5.9 5.2 -3.0 2.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.013 187.6 190.8 8.7 1.7 1.0 -1.4 1.7

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.629 110.4 114.3 9.0 1.9 -0.5 0.9 3.5

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.462 107.9 108.4 -1.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.5

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.851 338.0 342.0 12.0 2.9 3.1 -5.5 1.2

Mineral products.................................. V 17.241 313.3 318.4 3.4 0.6 -2.7 -14.4 1.6

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.478 128.6 134.7 -6.8 -6.1 1.9 6.4 4.7

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 16.555 301.4 305.9 3.7 0.7 -2.8 -15.1 1.5

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 12.746 163.1 160.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.7 -0.4 -1.6

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.298 105.5 106.0 -2.5 -0.2 -0.7 0.4 0.5

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.816 141.1 143.6 2.6 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 1.8

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.467 135.4 136.1 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.181 184.0 183.5 -3.3 0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.522 158.2 158.7 -8.5 -5.3 -0.1 0.4 0.3

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 3.737 155.6 156.2 -10.2 -6.2 -0.1 0.3 0.4

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.785 168.6 168.4 2.2 -0.3 0.0 1.1 -0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.485 112.0 111.4 -15.3 -2.9 -3.7 -1.7 -0.5

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.771 152.6 156.9 7.8 -5.0 2.2 -0.7 2.8

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.556 168.3 175.6 6.3 -12.2 5.9 -3.3 4.3

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.982 149.8 153.7 10.9 -0.5 0.2 1.1 2.6

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.545 180.8 176.7 -3.1 -4.7 -4.8 0.7 -2.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.737 147.4 147.4 11.1 -1.3 -0.2 1.4 0.0

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.454 112.6 113.2 14.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.5

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.584 317.5 320.7 3.3 0.1 -2.3 2.9 1.0

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.439 209.5 209.2 -3.6 -1.5 0.0 1.2 -0.1

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.561 252.1 259.0 -8.1 0.5 0.2 3.2 2.7

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.669 145.7 148.8 -2.5 -1.0 -0.7 2.0 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2022 to

January 2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 83 0.309 100.0 100.5 – – – – 0.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 25.142 104.5 105.7 3.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 1.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.327 125.3 127.6 4.8 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 1.8

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 10.814 82.4 82.6 2.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.2

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 8.872 148.6 149.4 3.9 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 6.742 124.7 125.0 3.4 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.390 114.1 114.3 2.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.181 134.3 135.6 9.5 1.4 -0.4 0.1 1.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi.......................... 94 0.570 148.8 149.6 4.5 0.0 -1.1 0.0 0.5

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.468 114.1 116.0 17.3 4.0 -0.1 0.5 1.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: January 2022 to January 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 146.4 146.6 0.9 -0.5 -1.5 0.3 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.241 255.4 251.5 -6.7 -3.1 -4.3 -4.8 -1.5

Manufacturing................................ 88.227 137.6 138.0 2.1 0.0 -1.0 1.0 0.3

Canada.......................................... 100.000 179.2 179.0 -2.9 -1.9 -1.9 -3.0 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 31.133 252.5 248.4 -7.3 -3.2 -4.4 -5.2 -1.6

Manufacturing................................ 68.028 163.6 164.1 -0.7 -1.0 -0.5 -2.0 0.3

European Union............................... 100.000 153.1 155.1 4.7 -0.1 -1.1 1.4 1.3

Manufacturing................................ 99.093 148.8 150.8 5.1 -0.2 -1.1 1.6 1.3

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 142.2 144.5 4.4 0.1 -0.4 0.1 1.6

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 126.1 127.5 6.2 1.6 -0.2 0.3 1.1

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 135.0 137.4 3.2 0.3 -1.9 2.0 1.8

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 168.3 169.4 2.3 0.0 0.0 -1.2 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.081 322.0 324.5 -0.5 -3.3 1.0 -5.2 0.8

Manufacturing................................ 85.565 136.0 136.8 2.9 0.7 -0.1 -0.4 0.6

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 141.2 142.4 2.7 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.8

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.162 152.4 157.9 -5.0 -4.8 -0.9 -5.3 3.6

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.485 97.2 97.8 3.6 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.6

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 104.4 104.4 0.6 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 104.3 103.9 0.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4

Japan............................................ 100.000 101.0 101.2 2.0 0.9 -0.2 0.1 0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 110.8 110.3 1.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 97.2 96.5 0.1 0.5 -0.2 -1.4 -0.7

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 103.6 104.6 2.5 0.1 -0.1 0.1 1.0

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 225.4 226.0 2.7 0.8 -1.4 -5.6 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: January 2022 to January

2023

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 119.6 120.3 2.6 0.1 -0.7 -1.2 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.056 143.6 147.1 -0.2 -3.6 -1.6 -6.3 2.4

Manufacturing................................ 85.072 117.0 117.3 3.2 0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.3

Canada.......................................... 100.000 129.3 128.9 5.2 0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.3

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 9.152 162.2 137.5 -8.6 -5.9 2.0 0.2 -15.2

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 89.271 119.2 120.6 6.5 1.9 -0.5 -0.2 1.2

European Union............................... 100.000 116.9 117.1 0.9 0.4 -0.3 -1.8 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.608 138.0 140.0 -3.4 0.1 -1.7 -5.8 1.4

Manufacturing................................ 82.423 112.9 112.6 1.6 0.4 -0.3 -1.0 -0.3

Germany........................................ 100.000 113.4 114.7 4.7 0.2 -0.4 0.1 1.1

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 126.9 129.0 2.3 0.0 -1.2 -6.5 1.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.801 184.7 167.9 -9.4 -12.6 -7.0 -4.7 -9.1

Manufacturing................................ 87.605 122.3 126.1 4.0 2.2 -0.4 -6.7 3.1

Mexico........................................... 100.000 125.9 126.8 0.9 -1.1 -2.1 -4.2 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.261 174.1 153.1 -4.0 -19.3 -11.7 -0.1 -12.1

Manufacturing................................ 88.180 122.6 125.5 1.6 1.8 -0.8 -4.7 2.4

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 115.2 115.3 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -2.8 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 22.139 128.4 130.0 -7.1 -1.0 -0.1 -9.7 1.2

Manufacturing................................ 76.271 113.0 112.9 2.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1

China............................................ 100.000 109.9 111.0 -2.1 -1.6 -0.3 -3.0 1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 28.120 113.4 115.7 -6.6 -4.0 -0.3 -8.5 2.0

Manufacturing................................ 70.792 111.1 111.7 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -0.4 0.5

Japan............................................ 100.000 114.5 114.3 -3.0 -0.1 -0.6 -4.4 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 26.873 137.9 139.7 -5.7 0.2 -1.0 -12.7 1.3

Manufacturing................................ 71.407 107.2 106.2 -1.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.6 -0.9

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: January 2022 to January 20231

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.0 100.4 1.6 0.6 0.7 -1.4 0.4

Canada.................................................. 94.8 94.6 8.4 2.8 1.7 3.2 -0.2

European Union...................................... 102.8 101.6 -3.6 0.5 0.9 -3.2 -1.2

Germany................................................ 103.5 103.5 -1.4 -1.4 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Latin America3

........................................ 112.3 113.4 0.0 0.0 -1.2 -5.3 1.0

Mexico.................................................. 115.0 114.9 -1.7 -1.1 -2.1 -3.8 -0.1

Pacific Rim4............................................ 108.6 108.7 -1.2 -0.6 -0.1 -2.8 0.1

China.................................................... 105.5 106.9 -2.2 -2.0 -0.2 -2.9 1.3

Japan.................................................... 108.3 107.9 -4.9 -1.0 -0.4 -4.5 -0.4

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: January

2022 to January 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Dec.

20221

Index Percent change

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jan.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 282.3 250.6 -34.7 -11.9 -10.1 10.9 -11.2

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.433 254.9 263.0 -9.5 -6.7 -1.9 5.0 3.2

Asia.................................................. 72.167 272.7 224.7 -42.9 -13.6 -13.1 13.3 -17.6

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 195.2 198.8 7.0 -3.4 -2.9 1.9 1.8

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 26.465 160.2 163.3 5.1 -7.9 -2.4 9.3 1.9

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 52.281 151.3 153.5 8.5 2.4 -4.5 -2.6 1.5

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 194.7 190.0 -35.9 -9.6 -9.0 1.0 -2.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.328 170.9 183.3 -9.0 -6.7 -1.8 2.6 7.3

Asia.................................................. 61.621 183.8 169.0 -45.9 -11.5 -13.5 0.9 -8.1

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 203.5 193.9 -13.0 -1.2 -14.4 4.3 -4.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.629 194.8 196.5 16.3 0.1 -1.7 1.8 0.9

Asia.................................................. 56.047 228.8 206.2 -25.7 0.3 -21.9 8.0 -9.9

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 198.1 173.5 23.2 4.4 -0.6 5.9 -12.4

Europe............................................... 39.707 194.6 196.5 21.8 3.0 -5.7 -2.1 1.0

Asia.................................................. 6.106 206.2 170.7 30.1 -2.8 -3.9 12.9 -17.2

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 17.792 193.9 152.1 43.5 10.8 9.6 14.7 -21.6

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 184.7 207.6 12.4 -1.6 0.3 -3.3 12.4

Europe............................................... 19.344 208.6 222.1 8.4 -4.3 -2.4 -4.4 6.5

Asia.................................................. 12.042 203.0 229.9 10.3 -5.0 6.9 -6.5 13.3

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 54.822 188.9 221.4 21.5 3.3 -0.1 -1.7 17.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

16
17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
18 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.