Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-18-0916 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 1, 2018

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MAY 2018

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 223,000 in May, and the unemployment rate edged 

down to 3.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to trend 

up in several industries, including retail trade, health care, and construction. 

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down to 3.8 percent in May, and the number of unemployed persons 

declined to 6.1 million. Over the year, the unemployment rate was down by 0.5 percentage point, and 

the number of unemployed persons declined by 772,000. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent), Blacks (5.9 

percent), and Asians (2.1 percent) decreased in May. The jobless rates for adult women (3.3 percent), 

teenagers (12.8 percent), Whites (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.9 percent) changed little over the 

month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, May 2016 – May 2018

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

May 2016 – May 2018

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18
- 2 - 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.2 

million in May and accounted for 19.4 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, the number 

of long-term unemployed has declined by 476,000. (See table A-12.) 

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.7 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.4 

percent, changed little in May. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 4.9 million in May. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been 

reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

The number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.5 million in May, was little 

different from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the 

labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 

months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 378,000 discouraged workers in May, little changed from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 223,000 in May, compared with an average monthly 

gain of 191,000 over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment continued to trend up in several 

industries, including retail trade, health care, and construction. (See table B-1.) 

In May, retail trade added 31,000 jobs, with gains occurring in general merchandise stores (+13,000) 

and in building material and garden supply stores (+6,000). Over the year, retail trade has added 125,000 

jobs. 

Employment in health care rose by 29,000 in May, about in line with the average monthly gain over the 

prior 12 months. Ambulatory health care services added 18,000 jobs over the month, and employment in 

hospitals continued to trend up (+6,000). 

Employment in construction continued on an upward trend in May (+25,000) and has risen by 286,000 

over the past 12 months. Within the industry, nonresidential specialty trade contractors added 15,000 

jobs over the month. 

Employment in professional and technical services continued to trend up in May (+23,000) and has 

risen by 206,000 over the year. 

Transportation and warehousing added 19,000 jobs over the month and 156,000 over the year. In 

May, job gains occurred in warehousing and storage (+7,000) and in couriers and messengers (+5,000). 
- 3 - 

Manufacturing employment continued to expand over the month (+18,000). Durable goods accounted 

for most of the change, including an increase of 6,000 jobs in machinery. Manufacturing employment 

has risen by 259,000 over the year, with about three-fourths of the growth in durable goods industries. 

Mining added 6,000 jobs in May. Since a recent low point in October 2016, employment in mining has 

grown by 91,000, with support activities for mining accounting for nearly all of the increase. 

In May, employment changed little in other major industries, including wholesale trade, information, 

financial activities, leisure and hospitality, and government. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in 

May. In manufacturing, the workweek decreased by 0.2 hour to 40.8 hours, and overtime edged down 

by 0.2 hour to 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 8 cents to 

$26.92. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 71 cents, or 2.7 percent. Average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to 

$22.59 in May. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised up from +135,000 to +155,000, 

and the change for April was revised down from +164,000 to +159,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in March and April combined were 15,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have 

averaged 179,000 over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 6, 2018, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

Change from:

Apr. 2018-

May 2018

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 254,767 257,097 257,272 257,454 182

Civilian labor force........................................................... 159,729 161,763 161,527 161,539 12

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.7 62.9 62.8 62.7 -0.1

Employed................................................................... 152,892 155,178 155,181 155,474 293

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.0 60.4 60.3 60.4 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 6,837 6,585 6,346 6,065 -281

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,038 95,335 95,745 95,915 170

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 14.1 13.5 12.9 12.8 -0.1

White.......................................................................... 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 7.6 6.9 6.6 5.9 -0.7

Asian.......................................................................... 3.6 3.1 2.8 2.1 -0.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.9 0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0 -0.3

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 6.2 5.5 5.9 5.4 -0.5

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,333 3,146 2,958 2,854 -104

Job leavers...................................................................... 798 864 815 852 37

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,100 1,967 2,009 1,882 -127

New entrants.................................................................... 658 625 623 571 -52

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,123 2,287 2,115 2,034 -81

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,958 2,009 2,017 1,945 -72

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,123 880 1,036 977 -59

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,665 1,322 1,293 1,189 -104

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,268 5,019 4,985 4,948 -37

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,058 3,005 2,994 3,004 10

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,764 1,625 1,586 1,480 -106

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,018 21,399 21,258 21,095 -163

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,475 1,454 1,362 1,455 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 355 450 408 378 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 155 159 223

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 153 162 218

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 26 53 47

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8 7 4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -3 21 25

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 21 25 18

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 19 19 15

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.2 -0.2 0.3 -4.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 2 6 3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 127 109 171

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 9.8 -11.4 4.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10.0 11.4 8.8 31.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 19.7 1.6 18.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.4 -0.5 1.4 -1.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 6 4 6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5 3 8

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 41 43 31

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2 -3.0 9.2 -7.8

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 29 33 39

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8 34.5 29.1 31.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2 12 21

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3 14 13

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10 2 -3 5

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 218 213 179

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 221 212 178

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.2 48.2 48.2

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.21 $26.80 $26.84 $26.92

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $901.62 $924.60 $925.98 $928.74

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.1 109.1 109.2 109.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.1 139.7 140.1 140.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 65.3 64.0 67.6

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.7 64.5 61.8 63.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 651,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,767 257,272 257,454 254,767 256,780 256,934 257,097 257,272 257,454

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,979 161,280 161,765 159,729 161,115 161,921 161,763 161,527 161,539

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.7 62.8 62.7 62.7 63.0 62.9 62.8 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,407 155,348 156,009 152,892 154,430 155,215 155,178 155,181 155,474

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 60.4 60.6 60.0 60.1 60.4 60.4 60.3 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,572 5,932 5,756 6,837 6,684 6,706 6,585 6,346 6,065

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.7 3.6 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,788 95,992 95,689 95,038 95,665 95,012 95,335 95,745 95,915

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,976 5,010 5,696 5,475 5,171 5,131 5,096 5,115 5,183

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,120 124,418 124,509 123,120 124,173 124,250 124,331 124,418 124,509

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,007 85,965 86,309 84,852 85,931 86,267 86,169 86,152 86,157

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 69.1 69.3 68.9 69.2 69.4 69.3 69.2 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,572 82,610 83,103 81,272 82,274 82,685 82,630 82,611 82,784

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 66.4 66.7 66.0 66.3 66.5 66.5 66.4 66.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,436 3,355 3,206 3,581 3,658 3,582 3,539 3,541 3,373

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,113 38,453 38,201 38,268 38,242 37,983 38,162 38,266 38,352

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,627 115,921 116,017 114,627 115,669 115,748 115,832 115,921 116,017

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,130 83,225 83,458 81,915 82,928 83,309 83,200 83,199 83,234

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 71.8 71.9 71.5 71.7 72.0 71.8 71.8 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,126 80,242 80,698 78,794 79,705 80,213 80,113 80,111 80,329

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 69.2 69.6 68.7 68.9 69.3 69.2 69.1 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,004 2,983 2,761 3,120 3,223 3,096 3,087 3,088 2,905

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,497 32,697 32,559 32,712 32,741 32,440 32,632 32,723 32,783

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,647 132,853 132,944 131,647 132,607 132,684 132,766 132,853 132,944

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,972 75,314 75,456 74,877 75,183 75,654 75,594 75,375 75,382

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 56.7 56.8 56.9 56.7 57.0 56.9 56.7 56.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,835 72,738 72,907 71,620 72,157 72,530 72,548 72,569 72,690

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 54.8 54.8 54.4 54.4 54.7 54.6 54.6 54.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,136 2,576 2,549 3,257 3,027 3,124 3,046 2,805 2,692

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.4 3.4 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,675 57,539 57,488 56,770 57,423 57,030 57,172 57,479 57,562

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,386 124,579 124,674 123,386 124,328 124,407 124,491 124,579 124,674

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,085 72,573 72,599 71,979 72,210 72,565 72,610 72,498 72,493

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.1 58.3 58.3 58.2 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,340 70,266 70,341 69,087 69,583 69,828 69,916 69,992 70,077

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 56.4 56.4 56.0 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.2 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,745 2,307 2,258 2,892 2,627 2,737 2,695 2,506 2,415

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.2 3.1 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,300 52,006 52,075 51,407 52,118 51,842 51,880 52,081 52,181

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,754 16,771 16,763 16,754 16,783 16,778 16,774 16,771 16,763

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,764 5,482 5,707 5,836 5,977 6,048 5,952 5,831 5,812

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 32.7 34.0 34.8 35.6 36.0 35.5 34.8 34.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,941 4,840 4,970 5,010 5,143 5,174 5,149 5,078 5,068

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 28.9 29.7 29.9 30.6 30.8 30.7 30.3 30.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823 642 737 825 834 874 803 752 745

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 11.7 12.9 14.1 13.9 14.4 13.5 12.9 12.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,991 11,290 11,056 10,919 10,806 10,731 10,822 10,941 10,951

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,775 199,950 200,039 198,775 199,738 199,799 199,871 199,950 200,039

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,722 125,488 125,848 124,529 125,334 125,930 125,714 125,731 125,688

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.6 62.7 63.0 62.9 62.9 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,375 121,358 121,788 119,895 120,886 121,274 121,236 121,233 121,303

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 60.7 60.9 60.3 60.5 60.7 60.7 60.6 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,346 4,130 4,060 4,634 4,447 4,656 4,478 4,498 4,385

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,053 74,462 74,191 74,246 74,405 73,869 74,157 74,219 74,350

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,380 65,988 66,049 65,216 65,732 65,948 65,928 65,982 65,890

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 72.1 72.1 71.8 71.9 72.1 72.1 72.1 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,293 63,848 64,113 62,983 63,510 63,683 63,734 63,746 63,785

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 69.8 70.0 69.3 69.5 69.6 69.7 69.7 69.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,087 2,140 1,936 2,233 2,222 2,265 2,194 2,235 2,106

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,933 55,210 55,277 54,834 54,896 55,243 55,176 55,179 55,197

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.4 57.5 57.4 57.2 57.5 57.4 57.4 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,169 53,641 53,681 52,930 53,255 53,448 53,385 53,429 53,450

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 55.8 55.8 55.4 55.5 55.7 55.6 55.6 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,764 1,568 1,595 1,904 1,641 1,795 1,791 1,750 1,747

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,408 4,290 4,522 4,478 4,705 4,738 4,610 4,570 4,601

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 34.8 36.7 36.3 38.1 38.4 37.4 37.1 37.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,914 3,868 3,994 3,981 4,121 4,143 4,117 4,057 4,068

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 31.4 32.4 32.3 33.4 33.6 33.4 32.9 33.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 421 528 497 584 595 492 512 533

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 9.8 11.7 11.1 12.4 12.6 10.7 11.2 11.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,193 32,672 32,704 32,193 32,575 32,607 32,638 32,672 32,704

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,082 20,172 20,292 20,088 20,211 20,495 20,466 20,220 20,296

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 61.7 62.0 62.4 62.0 62.9 62.7 61.9 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,593 18,953 19,145 18,560 18,663 19,087 19,051 18,892 19,092

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 58.0 58.5 57.7 57.3 58.5 58.4 57.8 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,489 1,219 1,147 1,528 1,548 1,408 1,415 1,328 1,204

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 6.0 5.7 7.6 7.7 6.9 6.9 6.6 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,111 12,500 12,412 12,105 12,364 12,112 12,172 12,452 12,408

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,103 9,248 9,407 9,093 9,254 9,438 9,314 9,257 9,382

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 67.6 68.7 67.7 67.9 69.2 68.2 67.7 68.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,511 8,681 8,840 8,477 8,564 8,880 8,749 8,663 8,792

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 63.5 64.6 63.1 62.9 65.1 64.1 63.3 64.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 567 567 616 690 558 564 594 590

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.1 6.0 6.8 7.5 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,178 10,239 10,207 10,207 10,197 10,254 10,337 10,229 10,233

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.1 61.8 62.8 62.0 62.3 62.7 62.0 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,497 9,764 9,757 9,504 9,524 9,622 9,713 9,707 9,754

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 59.2 59.1 58.5 57.9 58.5 59.0 58.9 59.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 475 450 703 673 632 624 522 479

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 4.6 4.4 6.9 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.1 4.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 685 678 788 759 803 816 734 681

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.9 27.4 27.1 31.4 30.3 32.0 32.6 29.3 27.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 508 548 579 575 584 588 521 547

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 20.3 21.9 23.1 22.9 23.3 23.5 20.8 21.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 177 130 209 185 219 227 213 135

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 25.8 19.2 26.5 24.3 27.2 27.9 29.0 19.8

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,433 15,933 15,874 15,433 15,731 15,792 15,983 15,933 15,874

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,818 10,034 9,932 9,817 9,885 9,908 10,092 10,034 9,932

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 63.0 62.6 63.6 62.8 62.7 63.1 63.0 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,479 9,765 9,732 9,466 9,584 9,617 9,780 9,755 9,720

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 61.3 61.3 61.3 60.9 60.9 61.2 61.2 61.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 269 201 351 300 291 313 280 212

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.7 2.0 3.6 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,615 5,898 5,941 5,616 5,846 5,884 5,891 5,898 5,942

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 41,241 42,507 42,592 41,241 42,249 42,335 42,419 42,507 42,592

Civilian labor force................................ 27,218 28,193 28,209 27,230 27,826 28,021 27,922 28,229 28,205

Participation rate............................... 66.0 66.3 66.2 66.0 65.9 66.2 65.8 66.4 66.2

Employed....................................... 25,939 26,970 26,954 25,827 26,432 26,646 26,500 26,860 26,827

Employment-population ratio............... 62.9 63.4 63.3 62.6 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2 63.0

Unemployed.................................... 1,279 1,223 1,255 1,403 1,393 1,375 1,421 1,368 1,378

Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.3 4.4 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.9

Not in labor force................................. 14,024 14,314 14,383 14,011 14,423 14,315 14,497 14,278 14,387

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,932 15,517 15,444 14,934 15,320 15,319 15,370 15,535 15,444

Participation rate............................... 80.4 80.9 80.3 80.4 80.4 80.2 80.3 81.0 80.3

Employed....................................... 14,357 14,949 14,903 14,302 14,659 14,723 14,688 14,901 14,845

Employment-population ratio............... 77.3 77.9 77.5 77.0 76.9 77.1 76.7 77.7 77.2

Unemployed.................................... 575 568 541 632 661 595 682 635 599

Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 3.7 3.5 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.4 4.1 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,066 11,437 11,535 11,054 11,257 11,410 11,230 11,398 11,507

Participation rate............................... 58.7 59.0 59.3 58.7 58.4 59.1 58.0 58.8 59.2

Employed....................................... 10,512 10,929 10,990 10,454 10,737 10,815 10,677 10,856 10,917

Employment-population ratio............... 55.8 56.3 56.5 55.5 55.7 56.0 55.2 56.0 56.2

Unemployed.................................... 554 508 545 600 520 595 553 541 590

Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 4.4 4.7 5.4 4.6 5.2 4.9 4.7 5.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,220 1,239 1,231 1,242 1,249 1,292 1,321 1,296 1,254

Participation rate............................... 31.8 31.6 31.3 32.4 32.0 33.0 33.7 33.0 31.9

Employed....................................... 1,070 1,091 1,061 1,071 1,036 1,108 1,135 1,103 1,065

Employment-population ratio............... 27.9 27.8 27.0 27.9 26.5 28.3 29.0 28.1 27.1

Unemployed.................................... 150 148 169 172 213 184 186 192 189

Unemployment rate......................... 12.3 11.9 13.7 13.8 17.0 14.2 14.1 14.8 15.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,620 10,438 10,519 10,327 10,274 10,258 10,234 10,285 10,242

Participation rate.................................. 46.5 46.6 46.4 45.2 44.8 46.8 45.7 45.9 45.2

Employed.......................................... 10,038 9,836 10,035 9,684 9,715 9,673 9,666 9,683 9,688

Employment-population ratio................. 43.9 43.9 44.2 42.4 42.3 44.1 43.2 43.3 42.7

Unemployed....................................... 582 603 484 643 559 584 568 602 554

Unemployment rate............................ 5.5 5.8 4.6 6.2 5.4 5.7 5.5 5.9 5.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,127 35,538 35,886 35,982 35,735 36,092 35,863 35,468 35,702

Participation rate.................................. 57.9 57.0 57.5 57.7 57.5 57.5 57.1 56.9 57.2

Employed.......................................... 34,535 34,086 34,585 34,296 34,134 34,487 34,305 33,940 34,306

Employment-population ratio................. 55.4 54.7 55.4 55.0 54.9 55.0 54.6 54.5 54.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,592 1,451 1,301 1,685 1,601 1,604 1,559 1,528 1,395

Unemployment rate............................ 4.4 4.1 3.6 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 3.9

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,187 38,056 37,732 37,425 37,863 37,573 37,589 37,944 37,921

Participation rate.................................. 65.4 65.6 65.4 65.9 66.0 65.5 65.6 65.5 65.7

Employed.......................................... 35,786 36,818 36,596 35,929 36,566 36,248 36,241 36,629 36,694

Employment-population ratio................. 63.0 63.5 63.4 63.2 63.7 63.2 63.2 63.2 63.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,401 1,238 1,135 1,496 1,297 1,325 1,348 1,315 1,228

Unemployment rate............................ 3.8 3.3 3.0 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 55,146 56,823 56,850 55,089 55,922 56,669 56,785 56,794 56,739

Participation rate.................................. 74.0 74.2 74.2 73.9 73.4 73.7 74.2 74.2 74.1

Employed.......................................... 53,978 55,735 55,809 53,812 54,720 55,386 55,534 55,616 55,593

Employment-population ratio................. 72.4 72.8 72.8 72.2 71.8 72.0 72.6 72.6 72.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,168 1,088 1,040 1,277 1,202 1,283 1,252 1,178 1,147

Unemployment rate............................ 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,593 19,247 18,565 17,384 2,028 1,863

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,036 9,388 8,868 8,291 1,169 1,097

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 48.8 47.8 47.7 57.6 58.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,697 9,065 8,573 7,997 1,123 1,068

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 47.1 46.2 46.0 55.4 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 323 294 294 45 29

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.9 2.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,557 9,859 9,697 9,093 859 766

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,156 4,143 3,397 3,448 759 695

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,300 3,296 2,760 2,799 540 497

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.4 79.5 81.3 81.2 71.1 71.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,149 3,158 2,628 2,686 521 472

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.8 76.2 77.4 77.9 68.6 67.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 138 132 113 19 25

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.2 4.8 4.0 3.5 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856 847 637 649 220 199

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,279 3,074 2,811 2,579 468 495

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,560 2,369 2,218 2,026 343 343

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.1 77.1 78.9 78.6 73.2 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,494 2,325 2,171 1,983 323 341

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 75.6 77.2 76.9 69.0 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 44 46 43 20 1

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 1.9 2.1 2.1 5.8 0.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719 705 594 553 125 152

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,106 7,679 7,813 7,418 293 261

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,828 1,609 1,783 1,556 45 53

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 20.9 22.8 21.0 15.3 20.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,766 1,540 1,721 1,488 45 53

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 20.1 22.0 20.1 15.3 20.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 68 62 68 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.3 3.5 4.4 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,278 6,070 6,030 5,862 248 208

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,052 4,351 4,544 3,939 508 412

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,349 2,115 2,107 1,909 242 205

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5 48.6 46.4 48.5 47.6 49.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,288 2,042 2,053 1,840 235 202

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 46.9 45.2 46.7 46.3 49.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 73 54 69 7 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.5 2.6 3.6 2.7 1.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,703 2,236 2,437 2,030 266 207

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,332 229,354 100,141 102,624 125,191 126,731

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,854 150,404 75,159 77,026 72,695 73,378

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 65.6 75.1 75.1 58.1 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,908 145,268 72,152 74,297 69,755 70,972

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 63.3 72.1 72.4 55.7 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,946 5,136 3,007 2,730 2,939 2,406

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.4 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,478 78,950 24,982 25,597 52,496 53,353

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,732 30,424 224,035 227,030

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,326 6,128 153,653 155,637

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.6 20.1 68.6 68.6

Employed............................................................................. 5,722 5,697 147,685 150,313

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.6 18.7 65.9 66.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 604 431 5,968 5,324

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.5 7.0 3.9 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,406 24,296 70,382 71,393

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,722 2,584 76,969 78,114

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.4 34.5 82.6 83.0

Employed............................................................................. 2,457 2,362 73,958 75,311

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 31.0 31.6 79.4 80.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 265 222 3,011 2,803

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.7 8.6 3.9 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,194 4,900 16,160 16,035

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,565 2,396 68,046 68,564

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.0 30.0 70.8 70.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,279 2,225 65,362 66,301

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.5 27.9 68.0 68.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 286 170 2,684 2,263

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.2 7.1 3.9 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,716 5,578 28,042 28,239

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,039 1,148 8,637 8,960

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.2 7.7 24.8 24.8

Employed............................................................................. 986 1,110 8,364 8,701

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.8 7.4 24.0 24.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 53 39 273 259

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.1 3.4 3.2 2.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,495 13,818 26,181 27,120

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,390 42,732 20,132 20,682 21,259 22,050

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,315 27,923 15,737 16,088 11,578 11,835

Participation rate.................................................. 66.0 65.3 78.2 77.8 54.5 53.7

Employed.......................................................... 26,290 27,086 15,258 15,674 11,031 11,412

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.5 63.4 75.8 75.8 51.9 51.8

Unemployed....................................................... 1,025 837 479 414 547 423

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.8 3.0 3.0 2.6 4.7 3.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,075 14,809 4,395 4,594 9,680 10,215

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 213,377 214,722 102,989 103,827 110,388 110,895

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,664 133,842 69,271 70,221 63,393 63,621

Participation rate.................................................. 62.2 62.3 67.3 67.6 57.4 57.4

Employed.......................................................... 127,117 128,924 66,314 67,428 60,804 61,495

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.6 60.0 64.4 64.9 55.1 55.5

Unemployed....................................................... 5,547 4,919 2,957 2,792 2,590 2,126

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.2 3.7 4.3 4.0 4.1 3.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,713 80,880 33,718 33,606 46,995 47,273

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,564 2,230 2,412 2,478 2,513 2,474 2,314 2,294 2,345

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,676 1,438 1,604 1,637 1,712 1,679 1,495 1,517 1,573

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 865 759 776 822 781 768 803 745 742

Unpaid family workers........................... 23 33 32 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 150,843 153,119 153,598 150,516 151,894 152,713 152,747 152,889 153,211

Wage and salary workers1...................... 142,130 144,009 144,424 141,928 142,828 143,656 143,688 143,785 144,124

Government..................................... 21,015 21,453 21,253 20,800 20,815 20,986 20,957 21,222 21,045

Private industries............................... 121,115 122,556 123,170 121,101 122,022 122,693 122,761 122,616 123,090

Private households.......................... 655 780 773 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 120,460 121,776 122,398 120,440 121,349 121,957 121,977 121,858 122,319

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,660 9,039 9,112 8,589 8,991 8,944 8,990 8,995 9,013

Unpaid family workers........................... 53 70 61 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,038 4,734 4,739 5,268 4,989 5,160 5,019 4,985 4,948

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,921 2,867 2,875 3,058 3,009 3,302 3,005 2,994 3,004

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,860 1,573 1,542 1,764 1,663 1,541 1,625 1,586 1,480

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,373 22,132 21,433 21,018 20,867 21,061 21,399 21,258 21,095

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,994 4,631 4,677 5,202 4,926 5,091 4,944 4,898 4,872

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,900 2,799 2,831 3,017 2,965 3,258 2,940 2,923 2,948

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,853 1,559 1,529 1,754 1,659 1,533 1,619 1,575 1,464

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,060 21,763 21,074 20,703 20,434 20,641 20,999 20,891 20,766

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,407 155,348 156,009 152,892 154,430 155,215 155,178 155,181 155,474

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,941 4,840 4,970 5,010 5,143 5,174 5,149 5,078 5,068

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,802 1,642 1,676 1,885 1,915 1,915 1,892 1,838 1,771

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,138 3,198 3,294 3,145 3,221 3,293 3,261 3,257 3,285

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,466 150,508 151,039 147,882 149,287 150,041 150,028 150,102 150,406

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,130 14,034 14,014 14,183 14,153 14,213 14,334 14,172 14,069

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,337 136,475 137,025 133,714 135,129 135,856 135,779 135,906 136,373

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,867 100,206 100,445 98,523 99,674 100,120 100,051 99,965 100,105

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,291 35,157 35,353 34,180 34,768 34,975 35,106 35,083 35,221

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,929 32,670 32,596 31,821 32,380 32,503 32,462 32,614 32,492

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,647 32,379 32,496 32,522 32,526 32,642 32,484 32,268 32,392

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,469 36,269 36,580 35,191 35,455 35,735 35,728 35,941 36,268

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,572 82,610 83,103 81,272 82,274 82,685 82,630 82,611 82,784

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,446 2,368 2,405 2,477 2,569 2,472 2,517 2,500 2,455

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 774 809 881 920 872 891 858 849

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,600 1,594 1,596 1,613 1,638 1,617 1,639 1,651 1,610

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,126 80,242 80,698 78,794 79,705 80,213 80,113 80,111 80,329

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,344 7,204 7,208 7,338 7,339 7,392 7,445 7,291 7,205

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,782 73,038 73,489 71,444 72,388 72,822 72,707 72,840 73,131

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,874 53,721 53,915 52,685 53,441 53,764 53,647 53,686 53,728

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,426 18,944 19,052 18,372 18,773 18,925 18,942 18,946 18,992

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,247 17,667 17,711 17,176 17,447 17,592 17,576 17,644 17,634

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,201 17,110 17,152 17,136 17,221 17,247 17,130 17,096 17,101

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,909 19,317 19,574 18,760 18,947 19,058 19,060 19,154 19,403

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,835 72,738 72,907 71,620 72,157 72,530 72,548 72,569 72,690

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,495 2,472 2,565 2,533 2,574 2,702 2,632 2,578 2,613

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956 868 867 1,004 995 1,044 1,001 980 922

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,538 1,603 1,698 1,531 1,583 1,676 1,622 1,606 1,675

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,340 70,266 70,341 69,087 69,583 69,828 69,916 69,992 70,077

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,786 6,829 6,805 6,845 6,814 6,821 6,889 6,882 6,864

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,555 63,437 63,536 62,270 62,742 63,033 63,071 63,067 63,243

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,994 46,485 46,530 45,838 46,233 46,356 46,404 46,280 46,377

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,865 16,213 16,301 15,807 15,995 16,050 16,164 16,137 16,229

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,682 15,003 14,885 14,645 14,933 14,911 14,886 14,970 14,858

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,447 15,269 15,343 15,386 15,305 15,395 15,354 15,172 15,291

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,561 16,952 17,006 16,432 16,508 16,677 16,667 16,787 16,865

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,968 46,195 46,281 45,753 45,714 45,863 45,865 45,995 46,041

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,275 36,386 36,236 36,072 35,768 35,632 35,564 36,140 35,978

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,470 9,492 9,608 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,911 127,340 129,014 125,621 127,016 127,745 127,434 127,753 128,657

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,496 28,008 26,996 27,340 27,271 27,548 27,858 27,508 26,883

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,584 7,637 7,411 7,556 7,845 7,864 7,609 7,667 7,442

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,742 5,787 5,696 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,525 9,798 9,889 9,411 9,773 9,713 9,793 9,741 9,755

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,837 6,346 6,065 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 825 752 745 14.1 13.9 14.4 13.5 12.9 12.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 284 294 307 13.1 15.0 15.5 14.9 13.8 14.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 542 473 454 14.7 13.3 13.7 12.6 12.7 12.2

20 years and over................................ 6,012 5,594 5,321 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,021 1,018 1,073 6.7 7.4 6.8 6.6 6.7 7.1

25 years and over.............................. 5,028 4,613 4,261 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 3,924 3,543 3,252 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,744 1,627 1,405 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.4 3.8

35 to 44 years............................. 1,097 995 950 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 1,083 921 897 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7

55 years and over........................... 1,117 1,105 1,039 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.8

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,581 3,541 3,373 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 461 453 468 15.7 14.5 16.4 15.2 15.3 16.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 140 178 187 13.7 13.0 17.1 16.1 17.2 18.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 322 283 285 16.6 14.9 16.1 14.5 14.6 15.1

20 years and over................................ 3,120 3,088 2,905 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 637 605 618 8.0 8.2 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.9

25 years and over.............................. 2,537 2,506 2,325 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1

25 to 54 years............................... 1,967 1,869 1,715 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 890 911 742 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.6 3.8

35 to 44 years............................. 538 482 487 3.0 3.1 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.7

45 to 54 years............................. 539 476 486 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8

55 years and over........................... 570 637 610 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.0

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,257 2,805 2,692 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 365 299 277 12.6 13.4 12.5 11.8 10.4 9.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 144 116 120 12.5 16.7 14.0 13.8 10.6 11.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 220 191 169 12.6 11.7 11.4 10.6 10.6 9.2

20 years and over................................ 2,892 2,506 2,415 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 384 413 454 5.3 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.7 6.2

25 years and over.............................. 2,491 2,107 1,936 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 1,956 1,673 1,537 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 854 716 664 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.2 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 558 513 462 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 544 445 411 3.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.6

55 years and over........................... 577 483 465 3.4 2.5 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.7

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,089 997 905 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 952 903 857 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3

Women who maintain families2.................... 688 548 470 6.8 6.5 6.2 5.6 5.5 4.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,494 5,193 4,937 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.7

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,373 1,200 1,166 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.2

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,017 2,805 2,493 3,333 3,273 3,279 3,146 2,958 2,854

On temporary layoff.............................. 575 713 533 816 912 878 865 862 803

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,442 2,092 1,960 2,517 2,361 2,401 2,281 2,096 2,052

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,699 1,415 1,380 1,751 1,652 1,709 1,645 1,418 1,439

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 743 677 580 766 709 692 637 678 612

Job leavers........................................... 741 761 801 798 716 780 864 815 852

Reentrants............................................ 2,187 1,836 1,933 2,100 1,958 1,948 1,967 2,009 1,882

New entrants......................................... 628 530 529 658 645 704 625 623 571

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 45.9 47.3 43.3 48.4 49.6 48.9 47.7 46.2 46.3

On temporary layoff.............................. 8.7 12.0 9.3 11.8 13.8 13.1 13.1 13.5 13.0

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 37.2 35.3 34.1 36.5 35.8 35.8 34.6 32.7 33.3

Job leavers........................................... 11.3 12.8 13.9 11.6 10.9 11.6 13.1 12.7 13.8

Reentrants............................................ 33.3 31.0 33.6 30.5 29.7 29.0 29.8 31.4 30.6

New entrants......................................... 9.5 8.9 9.2 9.6 9.8 10.5 9.5 9.7 9.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,106 1,782 1,950 2,123 2,280 2,508 2,287 2,115 2,034

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,592 1,666 1,568 1,958 1,943 1,906 2,009 2,017 1,945

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,874 2,483 2,237 2,788 2,402 2,330 2,202 2,329 2,166

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,213 1,158 1,066 1,123 981 934 880 1,036 977

27 weeks and over............................... 1,661 1,325 1,171 1,665 1,421 1,397 1,322 1,293 1,189

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 25.7 24.2 21.8 24.8 24.1 22.9 24.1 23.1 21.3

Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.3 11.9 9.9 10.4 9.4 9.3 9.1 9.8 9.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 32.0 30.1 33.9 30.9 34.4 37.2 35.2 32.7 33.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 24.2 28.1 27.3 28.5 29.3 28.3 30.9 31.2 31.7

15 weeks and over.................................. 43.7 41.9 38.9 40.6 36.3 34.6 33.9 36.0 35.2

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 18.5 19.5 18.5 16.3 14.8 13.8 13.5 16.0 15.9

27 weeks and over............................... 25.3 22.3 20.3 24.2 21.5 20.7 20.3 20.0 19.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 153,407 156,009 6,572 5,756 4.1 3.6

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 61,174 62,360 1,208 1,083 1.9 1.7

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,319 25,784 463 448 1.8 1.7

Professional and related occupations.......................... 35,855 36,576 745 635 2.0 1.7

Service occupations................................................ 27,001 27,710 1,529 1,241 5.4 4.3

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,015 33,165 1,394 1,297 4.1 3.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,510 15,769 733 695 4.5 4.2

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,506 17,396 660 602 3.6 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,402 14,299 854 685 5.6 4.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,245 1,056 81 92 6.1 8.0

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,235 8,218 562 471 6.4 5.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,921 5,025 211 122 4.1 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,815 18,475 944 898 5.0 4.6

Production occupations.......................................... 8,670 8,633 416 396 4.6 4.4

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,144 9,842 527 502 5.5 4.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,572 5,756 4.1 3.6

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,074 4,467 4.0 3.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 20 23 2.5 3.0

Construction.......................................................................... 502 415 5.3 4.4

Manufacturing........................................................................ 504 546 3.2 3.4

Durable goods..................................................................... 327 340 3.3 3.4

Nondurable goods................................................................ 178 206 3.1 3.5

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 916 885 4.7 4.5

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 262 223 4.2 3.2

Information............................................................................ 123 100 4.7 3.5

Financial activities................................................................... 232 167 2.3 1.7

Professional and business services............................................... 690 669 4.1 4.0

Education and health services..................................................... 675 563 2.8 2.3

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 905 706 6.3 4.9

Other services........................................................................ 245 171 3.6 2.5

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 103 95 6.0 5.8

Government workers................................................................... 471 425 2.2 2.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 297 239 3.0 2.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.1 3.7 3.6 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.1 7.4 7.3 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

May

2017

May

2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,788 95,689 38,113 38,201 56,675 57,488

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,976 5,696 2,801 2,646 3,175 3,050

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,475 1,455 761 776 714 679

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 355 378 191 257 163 120

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,121 1,077 570 519 551 559

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,584 7,411 3,831 3,687 3,752 3,724

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.4 5.2 5.1

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,136 4,062 2,295 2,252 1,840 1,811

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,067 1,951 715 673 1,352 1,279

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 301 294 217 178 84 116

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,029 1,073 580 569 449 504

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Change

from:

Apr.2018 -

May2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,937 147,384 148,366 149,309 146,299 148,280 148,439 148,662 223

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,287 124,688 125,659 126,650 123,994 125,956 126,118 126,336 218

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,051 20,177 20,403 20,664 20,013 20,516 20,569 20,616 47

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 712 721 732 675 722 729 733 4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 48.6 47.6 47.2 50.0 50.0 50.0 48.5 -1.5

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622.9 663.2 673.0 684.4 625.3 671.6 679.3 684.8 5.5

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.3 148.8 149.1 150.7 145.4 149.6 150.7 151.5 0.8

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.3 182.0 185.3 190.2 184.4 186.9 186.7 188.3 1.6

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6 51.9 52.8 52.9 51.9 52.3 52.9 53.2 0.3

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.2 38.5 38.3 38.6 38.4 38.8 38.8 38.8 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.5 91.6 94.2 98.7 94.1 95.9 95.0 96.2 1.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.3 332.4 338.6 343.5 295.5 335.1 341.9 345.0 3.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,990 6,889 7,083 7,281 6,924 7,164 7,185 7,210 25

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,535.4 1,546.6 1,576.2 1,600.1 1,534.7 1,587.1 1,598.0 1,598.2 0.2

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746.7 758.1 776.0 791.8 746.9 781.9 786.2 790.8 4.6

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788.7 788.5 800.2 808.3 787.8 805.2 811.8 807.4 -4.4

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,021.4 930.8 989.2 1,040.4 992.7 1,005.2 1,004.9 1,009.9 5.0

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,432.7 4,411.1 4,517.3 4,640.8 4,396.8 4,571.4 4,581.8 4,602.3 20.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,954.2 1,940.1 1,983.8 2,041.9 1,930.6 2,013.2 2,013.3 2,019.0 5.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,478.5 2,471.0 2,533.5 2,598.9 2,466.2 2,558.2 2,568.5 2,583.3 14.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,389 12,576 12,599 12,651 12,414 12,630 12,655 12,673 18

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,711 7,869 7,887 7,916 7,717 7,883 7,902 7,917 15

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.7 401.6 402.5 406.5 396.4 404.6 404.5 405.8 1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.9 413.4 420.0 424.0 409.4 420.1 420.8 419.5 -1.3

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.8 380.0 380.0 379.1 371.2 379.8 380.0 379.5 -0.5

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,423.3 1,471.9 1,476.5 1,480.9 1,423.3 1,473.8 1,476.7 1,479.1 2.4

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073.4 1,105.3 1,112.4 1,118.4 1,076.6 1,107.3 1,115.3 1,121.1 5.8

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,036.3 1,059.0 1,058.2 1,062.1 1,038.0 1,060.5 1,061.4 1,063.6 2.2

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 157.5 168.9 169.0 169.1 158.1 169.1 169.5 169.6 0.1

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.4 86.1 85.3 85.8 86.6 86.3 85.5 85.8 0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.9 367.4 367.7 368.5 360.4 367.9 368.6 369.1 0.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.9 404.4 404.6 406.8 399.2 404.7 405.9 407.1 1.2

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 32.2 31.6 31.9 33.7 32.4 32.0 31.9 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 382.8 398.8 400.0 401.9 384.3 399.8 401.6 403.4 1.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,630.1 1,654.3 1,652.7 1,653.8 1,632.0 1,649.7 1,653.4 1,654.8 1.4

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.7 966.8 963.0 957.0 954.4 960.8 961.1 956.7 -4.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.0 391.2 389.6 391.9 394.4 392.0 391.2 392.3 1.1

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589.7 593.7 595.4 597.0 591.0 595.8 597.1 597.6 0.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,678 4,707 4,712 4,735 4,697 4,747 4,753 4,756 3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,579.8 1,607.1 1,606.4 1,614.4 1,600.0 1,631.1 1,632.8 1,635.7 2.9

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.3 111.1 111.2 112.2 112.1 111.3 111.6 112.0 0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.2 111.5 110.6 109.9 115.2 111.9 111.0 110.1 -0.9

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.5 116.8 117.6 116.2 121.0 116.9 117.9 116.4 -1.5

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.1 372.8 373.3 374.4 368.8 373.2 373.3 373.5 0.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 439.7 434.8 432.9 433.3 439.9 435.5 434.1 433.5 -0.6

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 111.7 113.8 116.0 114.6 115.1 115.3 115.2 -0.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820.1 823.4 824.6 824.9 820.6 824.5 826.3 826.3 0.0

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713.8 724.4 725.6 728.9 711.9 725.2 726.5 727.5 1.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.6 293.5 296.4 305.0 292.8 302.7 303.7 305.7 2.0

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,236 104,511 105,256 105,986 103,981 105,440 105,549 105,720 171

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,340 27,422 27,493 27,694 27,439 27,736 27,736 27,789 53

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,893.4 5,940.8 5,936.3 5,960.2 5,886.9 5,962.0 5,950.6 5,954.8 4.2

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,957.2 3,000.2 3,001.5 3,008.7 2,955.7 3,006.6 3,007.1 3,007.3 0.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,048.8 2,042.5 2,042.1 2,053.3 2,043.8 2,054.5 2,047.3 2,049.0 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Change

from:

Apr.2018 -

May2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.4 898.1 892.7 898.2 887.4 900.9 896.2 898.5 2.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,769.0 15,701.0 15,771.7 15,899.5 15,845.2 15,930.4 15,939.2 15,970.3 31.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,011.3 2,016.5 2,023.4 2,033.4 2,004.0 2,025.4 2,025.4 2,026.4 1.0

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,295.8 1,302.7 1,302.4 1,305.5 1,294.9 1,305.7 1,305.4 1,305.0 -0.4

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.2 153.4 157.3 162.2 156.2 157.1 156.5 156.3 -0.2

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 553.3 560.4 563.7 565.7 552.9 562.6 563.5 565.1 1.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 469.2 478.2 476.4 477.1 475.2 482.8 482.8 483.3 0.5

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 498.1 494.7 493.3 493.0 509.6 498.8 500.3 501.4 1.1

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,335.9 1,323.0 1,360.3 1,391.5 1,265.8 1,317.9 1,313.2 1,319.2 6.0

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,080.3 3,062.3 3,068.6 3,092.0 3,086.3 3,094.7 3,097.3 3,098.1 0.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,065.2 1,055.3 1,050.5 1,050.7 1,069.6 1,059.0 1,057.2 1,056.4 -0.8

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933.6 927.8 929.8 941.8 930.6 938.0 937.5 938.8 1.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,343.0 1,322.9 1,317.6 1,334.2 1,385.0 1,369.9 1,366.3 1,372.8 6.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581.3 570.0 573.6 576.9 602.1 594.4 596.5 597.8 1.3

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,057.5 3,058.8 3,073.5 3,085.8 3,117.5 3,127.8 3,136.4 3,149.8 13.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,131.8 1,130.8 1,131.6 1,135.0 1,172.6 1,170.1 1,170.2 1,177.8 7.6

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,925.7 1,928.0 1,941.9 1,950.8 1,944.9 1,957.7 1,966.2 1,972.1 5.9

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833.6 806.9 818.0 837.8 829.5 829.8 831.1 832.2 1.1

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560.0 584.6 586.7 585.3 570.0 591.9 595.2 594.1 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,124.6 5,227.4 5,231.3 5,280.2 5,153.0 5,289.0 5,290.6 5,309.3 18.7

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.7 499.3 501.3 503.9 490.5 501.4 502.0 502.0 0.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.1 211.3 212.5 212.5 216.9 212.2 212.3 212.3 0.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 62.3 64.2 65.7 65.6 64.3 64.8 65.2 0.4

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,451.1 1,453.8 1,458.1 1,475.9 1,453.2 1,477.2 1,470.8 1,477.4 6.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.6 509.5 509.0 513.0 493.5 495.7 495.1 495.2 0.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 47.6 46.8 47.0 48.1 47.6 47.0 47.0 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 39.4 29.2 31.1 37.7 36.2 37.1 35.3 34.9 -0.4

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 685.5 706.1 705.7 705.0 687.7 708.3 706.2 706.8 0.6

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637.2 700.2 691.0 699.7 674.5 725.6 732.5 737.3 4.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975.8 1,008.1 1,011.6 1,019.8 986.8 1,019.6 1,024.6 1,031.2 6.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.4 552.6 554.1 553.6 554.0 554.1 555.5 554.4 -1.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,789 2,755 2,763 2,771 2,794 2,765 2,769 2,775 6

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 720.1 712.5 709.0 710.2 724.6 714.8 712.7 714.7 2.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430.4 401.7 419.3 427.7 425.4 408.0 416.1 421.4 5.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.2 263.7 263.1 260.5 265.3 262.5 262.7 261.6 -1.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779.4 766.2 758.7 757.5 781.2 766.2 762.2 760.3 -1.9

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316.5 325.6 326.4 326.3 316.5 326.5 326.8 326.4 -0.4

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278.7 285.0 286.2 289.1 280.5 286.6 288.4 290.6 2.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,419 8,503 8,509 8,545 8,434 8,548 8,551 8,559 8

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,242.7 6,300.3 6,294.8 6,306.4 6,257.1 6,312.9 6,314.4 6,319.3 4.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.9 18.9 18.9 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.1 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,641.8 2,655.3 2,655.7 2,662.1 2,646.2 2,661.4 2,663.4 2,666.0 2.6

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,714.4 1,716.6 1,717.3 1,722.6 1,713.9 1,718.4 1,720.4 1,721.9 1.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,325.0 1,322.4 1,323.3 1,326.3 1,324.8 1,322.8 1,324.8 1,326.3 1.5

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 618.3 623.2 624.3 626.2 622.6 626.8 628.5 630.4 1.9

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 309.1 315.5 314.1 313.3 309.7 316.3 314.6 313.7 -0.9

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 932.0 957.5 958.7 957.7 937.1 961.0 962.5 962.1 -0.4

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,650.0 2,668.6 2,661.5 2,667.6 2,654.8 2,671.5 2,669.5 2,672.1 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,176.6 2,202.6 2,213.7 2,238.1 2,176.4 2,234.8 2,236.2 2,239.2 3.0

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,587.6 1,605.8 1,612.6 1,623.1 1,590.0 1,622.7 1,623.5 1,626.1 2.6

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.9 572.4 576.9 590.4 562.3 587.5 588.2 588.5 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Change

from:

Apr.2018 -

May2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 24.1 24.4 24.2 24.6 24.1 24.6 24.5 24.6 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,417 20,576 20,815 20,908 20,408 20,817 20,860 20,891 31

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,920.5 9,172.4 9,217.6 9,131.8 8,980.2 9,143.0 9,163.5 9,186.1 22.6

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,134.0 1,130.7 1,131.5 1,133.1 1,136.6 1,135.6 1,135.8 1,135.6 -0.2

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 943.9 1,087.8 1,080.7 955.2 991.9 988.6 991.9 999.3 7.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,429.5 1,443.7 1,455.0 1,465.4 1,429.4 1,461.6 1,464.8 1,465.6 0.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.1 135.8 137.2 137.7 138.7 137.3 137.3 137.3 0.0

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,030.1 2,067.6 2,085.3 2,095.3 2,035.0 2,085.7 2,092.1 2,098.7 6.6

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,394.5 1,419.7 1,430.9 1,440.5 1,396.8 1,436.1 1,439.4 1,443.4 4.0

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657.0 666.6 669.8 673.2 656.5 670.0 672.2 672.7 0.5

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 490.4 495.0 496.5 497.3 491.8 496.9 497.3 497.6 0.3

Other professional and technical services. . . 702.0 725.5 730.7 734.1 703.6 731.1 732.8 735.8 3.0

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,287.0 2,308.2 2,306.3 2,322.7 2,290.6 2,316.6 2,318.3 2,325.9 7.6

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,209.3 9,095.0 9,291.3 9,453.6 9,136.7 9,357.1 9,378.4 9,378.6 0.2

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,796.2 8,677.9 8,869.0 9,026.6 8,724.5 8,933.9 8,953.1 8,952.9 -0.2

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 507.6 518.1 519.9 524.1 507.2 520.3 521.5 523.8 2.3

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.0 155.1 155.0 154.8 150.0 155.0 155.0 155.0 0.0

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,587.4 3,587.9 3,641.1 3,698.9 3,588.6 3,699.2 3,710.7 3,700.4 -10.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,926.5 2,917.9 2,963.6 3,012.9 2,930.1 3,015.6 3,024.8 3,017.0 -7.8

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.1 908.5 901.0 900.0 906.1 911.5 909.1 911.8 2.7

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.0 215.8 218.1 219.4 218.2 217.0 217.6 217.6 0.0

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 912.7 926.8 931.9 937.7 914.7 933.9 936.0 939.2 3.2

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,200.6 2,030.1 2,163.4 2,252.6 2,117.9 2,160.3 2,165.2 2,167.8 2.6

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.8 335.6 338.6 339.1 321.8 336.7 337.9 337.3 -0.6

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.1 417.1 422.3 427.0 412.2 423.2 425.3 425.7 0.4

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,195 23,634 23,695 23,632 23,122 23,491 23,524 23,563 39

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,711.8 3,869.0 3,882.0 3,759.2 3,660.6 3,697.7 3,701.8 3,708.9 7.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,483.3 19,765.2 19,813.1 19,872.4 19,461.6 19,792.8 19,821.9 19,853.6 31.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,660.0 15,902.3 15,933.1 15,975.7 15,677.8 15,943.9 15,966.9 15,995.8 28.9

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,262.0 7,416.0 7,442.3 7,469.9 7,264.4 7,439.8 7,454.9 7,472.8 17.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,571.5 2,620.6 2,627.8 2,632.8 2,576.6 2,627.1 2,633.6 2,637.9 4.3

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931.2 936.2 938.6 942.7 931.0 940.5 941.2 942.7 1.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 887.2 912.6 920.9 926.2 884.8 916.9 921.4 923.8 2.4

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889.3 923.8 924.3 929.5 889.6 924.0 925.5 930.0 4.5

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 266.7 277.1 277.1 277.7 267.9 277.3 277.2 278.6 1.4

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,411.5 1,437.3 1,445.2 1,453.8 1,409.2 1,444.2 1,447.1 1,451.2 4.1

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.6 308.4 308.4 307.2 305.3 309.9 308.8 308.6 -0.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,054.1 5,149.4 5,150.8 5,153.5 5,067.6 5,152.1 5,161.2 5,167.4 6.2

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,343.9 3,336.9 3,340.0 3,352.3 3,345.8 3,352.0 3,350.8 3,355.6 4.8

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,627.4 1,606.6 1,606.7 1,612.4 1,629.7 1,615.4 1,612.4 1,615.0 2.6

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 629.7 630.3 631.6 632.5 629.5 631.5 632.3 632.7 0.4

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919.7 929.0 929.9 934.4 918.9 932.5 933.6 934.6 1.0

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 167.1 171.0 171.8 173.0 167.8 172.6 172.5 173.4 0.9

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,823.3 3,862.9 3,880.0 3,896.7 3,783.8 3,848.9 3,855.0 3,857.8 2.8

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,352.5 2,398.7 2,412.2 2,420.2 2,338.6 2,398.0 2,404.8 2,405.2 0.4

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 167.9 172.2 170.7 171.7 168.1 171.4 170.3 171.9 1.6

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 342.7 343.5 344.1 346.0 342.8 346.6 345.8 346.1 0.3

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960.2 948.5 953.0 958.8 934.4 933.0 934.1 934.5 0.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,285 15,822 16,137 16,547 16,019 16,248 16,260 16,281 21

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,403.6 2,167.5 2,278.1 2,431.7 2,321.4 2,345.1 2,344.3 2,347.8 3.5

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 519.6 469.0 511.6 532.5 490.4 494.5 497.2 501.9 4.7

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.1 161.7 169.2 174.9 165.6 171.2 172.3 168.7 -3.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Change

from:

Apr.2018 -

May2018p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,711.9 1,536.8 1,597.3 1,724.3 1,665.4 1,679.4 1,674.8 1,677.2 2.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,881.2 13,654.6 13,858.4 14,115.2 13,697.9 13,902.4 13,915.5 13,932.9 17.4

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,005.1 1,954.2 1,978.3 2,023.8 2,003.4 2,020.8 2,022.4 2,022.2 -0.2

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,876.1 11,700.4 11,880.1 12,091.4 11,694.5 11,881.6 11,893.1 11,910.7 17.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,791 5,799 5,844 5,889 5,765 5,835 5,849 5,862 13

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,316.0 1,312.8 1,321.5 1,330.0 1,306.4 1,314.1 1,317.3 1,320.6 3.3

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,490.9 1,496.7 1,521.2 1,537.0 1,477.6 1,511.1 1,518.5 1,523.6 5.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,983.6 2,989.7 3,001.1 3,021.8 2,981.2 3,009.6 3,012.7 3,017.4 4.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,650 22,696 22,707 22,659 22,305 22,324 22,321 22,326 5

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,806.0 2,775.0 2,784.0 2,782.0 2,807.0 2,791.0 2,789.0 2,786.0 -3.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,189.2 2,169.8 2,175.6 2,178.4 2,190.0 2,183.5 2,182.6 2,179.8 -2.8

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.5 604.9 608.4 603.9 616.7 607.2 606.5 605.8 -0.7

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,174.0 5,271.0 5,273.0 5,132.0 5,149.0 5,114.0 5,110.0 5,112.0 2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,494.6 2,611.2 2,611.1 2,460.8 2,473.2 2,449.4 2,445.6 2,444.8 -0.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,678.9 2,659.8 2,661.7 2,671.4 2,675.5 2,664.9 2,664.1 2,667.4 3.3

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,670.0 14,650.0 14,650.0 14,745.0 14,349.0 14,419.0 14,422.0 14,428.0 6.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,240.2 8,274.2 8,252.2 8,266.0 7,913.2 7,936.7 7,940.2 7,942.3 2.1

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,429.9 6,375.8 6,397.5 6,479.2 6,435.6 6,481.8 6,481.7 6,485.6 3.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.5 40.7 40.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.5 45.9 45.8 46.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 39.3 39.5 39.6

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.9 41.0 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.3 41.3 41.5 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.8 40.2 40.2 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.4 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 39.1 38.9 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.0 31.2 31.0 31.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.7 38.8 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.1

Information......................................................................... 36.2 36.0 36.1 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.6 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.2 36.1 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 33.0 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 26.1 26.0 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.7 31.7 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Total private............................................... $26.21 $26.80 $26.84 $26.92 $901.62 $924.60 $925.98 $928.74

Goods-producing....................................... 27.45 27.96 28.05 28.07 1,108.98 1,132.38 1,141.64 1,139.64

Mining and logging.................................. 31.80 32.52 32.54 32.54 1,446.90 1,492.67 1,490.33 1,500.09

Construction.......................................... 28.72 29.43 29.63 29.65 1,125.82 1,156.60 1,170.39 1,174.14

Manufacturing........................................ 26.51 26.87 26.90 26.90 1,078.96 1,098.98 1,102.90 1,097.52

Durable goods.................................... 27.76 28.15 28.22 28.24 1,146.49 1,162.60 1,171.13 1,163.49

Nondurable goods................................ 24.39 24.68 24.64 24.62 970.72 992.14 990.53 989.72

Private service-providing.............................. 25.92 26.53 26.56 26.64 860.54 886.10 884.45 887.11

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.70 23.13 23.17 23.24 780.88 797.99 797.05 801.78

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.94 30.30 30.24 30.43 1,167.66 1,184.73 1,176.34 1,189.81

Retail trade........................................ 18.12 18.47 18.58 18.64 561.72 576.26 575.98 579.70

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.77 24.31 24.29 24.30 919.90 940.80 942.45 940.41

Utilities............................................. 38.95 40.24 40.34 40.14 1,635.90 1,694.10 1,702.35 1,689.89

Information........................................... 38.13 39.15 39.31 39.40 1,380.31 1,409.40 1,419.09 1,418.40

Financial activities................................... 32.94 34.40 34.29 34.77 1,231.96 1,293.44 1,285.88 1,303.88

Professional and business services.............. 31.46 32.12 32.17 32.18 1,135.71 1,162.74 1,161.34 1,164.92

Education and health services..................... 26.27 26.81 26.79 26.90 861.66 884.73 884.07 887.70

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.47 15.79 15.86 15.86 402.22 412.12 412.36 413.95

Other services....................................... 23.71 24.28 24.34 24.37 753.98 769.68 771.58 772.53

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2018 -

May

2018p

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2018 -

May

2018p

Total private..................................... 107.1 109.1 109.2 109.4 0.2 134.1 139.7 140.1 140.8 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 92.1 94.7 95.4 95.4 0.0 114.3 119.6 120.9 121.0 0.1

Mining and logging........................ 96.5 104.1 104.9 106.2 1.2 123.2 136.0 137.1 138.7 1.2

Construction................................ 93.6 97.1 97.8 98.4 0.6 116.8 124.1 126.0 126.8 0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 90.9 92.9 93.3 93.0 -0.3 112.1 116.1 116.8 116.4 -0.3

Durable goods........................... 89.7 91.7 92.3 91.8 -0.5 110.6 114.6 115.7 115.2 -0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 93.3 95.3 95.4 95.4 0.0 115.5 119.3 119.2 119.2 0.0

Private service-providing.................... 111.1 113.3 113.1 113.3 0.2 139.9 146.1 146.0 146.6 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 102.7 104.1 103.8 104.3 0.5 125.4 129.6 129.4 130.4 0.8

Wholesale trade......................... 100.2 101.7 101.0 101.6 0.6 125.2 128.6 127.5 129.0 1.2

Retail trade.............................. 99.8 101.0 100.4 100.9 0.5 119.5 123.3 123.3 124.3 0.8

Transportation and warehousing...... 114.1 117.1 117.5 117.6 0.1 137.7 144.5 144.8 145.0 0.1

Utilities.................................... 100.7 100.9 101.4 101.0 -0.4 129.6 134.2 135.2 133.9 -1.0

Information................................. 92.4 90.9 91.3 91.2 -0.1 125.4 126.7 127.8 128.0 0.2

Financial activities......................... 103.3 105.3 105.0 105.1 0.1 132.7 141.2 140.5 142.6 1.5

Professional and business services..... 115.9 118.5 118.4 118.9 0.4 147.7 154.2 154.4 155.1 0.5

Education and health services........... 123.8 126.6 126.8 127.0 0.2 156.5 163.3 163.4 164.3 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 118.8 121.0 120.6 121.2 0.5 148.3 154.1 154.3 155.1 0.5

Other services............................. 105.7 106.6 106.9 107.1 0.2 137.4 141.9 142.6 143.1 0.4

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,476 73,522 73,626 73,801 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private............................................ 59,684 60,676 60,778 60,930 48.1 48.2 48.2 48.2

Goods-producing.................................... 4,385 4,520 4,533 4,551 21.9 22.0 22.0 22.1

Mining and logging............................... 92 93 93 94 13.6 12.9 12.8 12.8

Construction....................................... 874 916 918 920 12.6 12.8 12.8 12.8

Manufacturing..................................... 3,419 3,511 3,522 3,537 27.5 27.8 27.8 27.9

Durable goods.................................. 1,805 1,850 1,855 1,858 23.4 23.5 23.5 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,614 1,661 1,667 1,679 34.4 35.0 35.1 35.3

Private service-providing........................... 55,299 56,156 56,245 56,379 53.2 53.3 53.3 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,058 11,126 11,132 11,149 40.3 40.1 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,737.4 1,773.3 1,769.2 1,767.3 29.5 29.7 29.7 29.7

Retail trade..................................... 7,937.7 7,928.3 7,937.3 7,952.1 50.1 49.8 49.8 49.8

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,255.8 1,295.9 1,296.8 1,300.8 24.4 24.5 24.5 24.5

Utilities........................................... 127.4 128.1 128.7 128.6 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.2

Information......................................... 1,113 1,093 1,092 1,098 39.8 39.5 39.4 39.6

Financial activities................................ 4,766 4,822 4,830 4,836 56.5 56.4 56.5 56.5

Professional and business services............ 9,186 9,406 9,437 9,460 45.0 45.2 45.2 45.3

Education and health services.................. 17,808 18,092 18,116 18,157 77.0 77.0 77.0 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,324 8,522 8,539 8,563 52.0 52.4 52.5 52.6

Other services..................................... 3,044 3,095 3,099 3,116 52.8 53.0 53.0 53.2

Government............................................. 12,792 12,846 12,848 12,871 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Total private............................................................................... 102,186 103,768 103,897 104,064

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,402 14,758 14,796 14,838

Mining and logging.................................................................. 490 536 542 546

Construction.......................................................................... 5,200 5,359 5,367 5,390

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,712 8,863 8,887 8,902

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,296 5,417 5,439 5,454

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,416 3,446 3,448 3,448

Private service-providing.............................................................. 87,784 89,010 89,101 89,226

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,109 23,438 23,443 23,475

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,720.1 4,784.5 4,770.4 4,774.8

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,472.0 13,615.0 13,628.3 13,644.2

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,472.0 4,593.1 4,598.9 4,610.9

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.1 445.1 445.4 445.0

Information............................................................................ 2,252 2,223 2,230 2,233

Financial activities................................................................... 6,555 6,628 6,624 6,626

Professional and business services............................................... 16,687 16,956 16,997 17,037

Education and health services..................................................... 20,305 20,638 20,665 20,690

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,104 14,299 14,301 14,319

Other services........................................................................ 4,772 4,828 4,841 4,846

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.3 41.6 41.8 41.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.1 47.0 47.1 47.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.9 40.0 40.2 40.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.9 42.2 42.4 42.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.4 42.5 42.7 42.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.1 41.7 41.9 41.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.7 33.9 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.9 38.9 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.1 30.4 30.3 30.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.2

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.8 43.0 42.8

Information......................................................................... 35.8 35.9 35.9 35.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 36.9 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.3 35.3 35.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 4.5 4.6 4.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Total private............................................... $21.98 $22.46 $22.52 $22.59 $738.53 $756.90 $761.18 $763.54

Goods-producing....................................... 23.05 23.72 23.81 23.83 951.97 986.75 995.26 993.71

Mining and logging.................................. 27.26 27.83 27.94 28.01 1,256.69 1,308.01 1,315.97 1,336.08

Construction.......................................... 26.54 27.36 27.49 27.50 1,058.95 1,094.40 1,105.10 1,108.25

Manufacturing........................................ 20.80 21.36 21.43 21.41 871.52 901.39 908.63 903.50

Durable goods.................................... 21.78 22.29 22.39 22.36 923.47 947.33 956.05 945.83

Nondurable goods................................ 19.22 19.88 19.89 19.91 789.94 829.00 833.39 834.23

Private service-providing.............................. 21.75 22.19 22.24 22.32 704.70 718.96 720.58 725.40

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.28 19.68 19.76 19.87 649.74 667.15 669.86 673.59

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.59 24.87 24.91 25.11 956.55 967.44 969.00 979.29

Retail trade........................................ 15.26 15.69 15.81 15.93 459.33 476.98 479.04 484.27

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.23 21.74 21.79 21.79 813.11 830.47 834.56 832.38

Utilities............................................. 36.18 36.80 36.47 36.53 1,530.41 1,575.04 1,568.21 1,563.48

Information........................................... 30.70 31.49 31.29 31.73 1,099.06 1,130.49 1,123.31 1,129.59

Financial activities................................... 26.48 26.84 26.89 26.95 979.76 990.40 994.93 997.15

Professional and business services.............. 25.90 26.49 26.54 26.60 916.86 935.10 936.86 938.98

Education and health services..................... 23.00 23.43 23.45 23.54 740.60 756.79 757.44 760.34

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.37 13.68 13.73 13.78 331.58 340.63 341.88 343.12

Other services....................................... 19.94 20.49 20.53 20.56 612.16 629.04 630.27 631.19

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2018 -

May

2018p

May

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

May

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2018 -

May

2018p

Total private..................................... 114.4 116.5 117.0 117.2 0.2 168.0 174.9 176.1 176.9 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 90.9 93.8 94.5 94.6 0.1 128.3 136.3 137.8 138.0 0.1

Mining and logging........................ 120.0 133.9 135.7 138.4 2.0 190.3 216.7 220.4 225.5 2.3

Construction................................ 103.9 107.3 108.0 108.8 0.7 148.9 158.6 160.4 161.5 0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 83.8 85.9 86.5 86.2 -0.3 114.0 119.9 121.2 120.7 -0.4

Durable goods........................... 84.4 86.5 87.3 86.7 -0.7 114.8 120.4 122.0 121.0 -0.8

Nondurable goods...................... 82.7 84.7 85.1 85.1 0.0 112.4 118.9 119.6 119.8 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 121.1 122.8 122.9 123.5 0.5 180.7 186.9 187.5 189.0 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 108.6 110.8 110.8 110.9 0.1 149.3 155.5 156.2 157.3 0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 108.1 109.6 109.3 109.7 0.4 156.6 160.6 160.4 162.2 1.1

Retail trade.............................. 102.6 104.8 104.5 105.0 0.5 134.2 140.9 141.6 143.3 1.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 128.9 132.1 132.6 132.6 0.0 173.6 182.1 183.3 183.3 0.0

Utilities.................................... 96.3 97.4 97.9 97.4 -0.5 145.4 149.6 149.1 148.5 -0.4

Information................................. 92.0 91.1 91.4 90.7 -0.8 139.8 142.0 141.5 142.5 0.7

Financial activities......................... 114.2 115.1 115.4 115.4 0.0 186.0 190.1 190.9 191.4 0.3

Professional and business services..... 132.4 134.1 134.5 134.8 0.2 204.0 211.5 212.4 213.4 0.5

Education and health services........... 139.4 142.1 142.3 142.5 0.1 211.6 219.8 220.3 221.4 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 128.1 130.4 130.4 130.6 0.2 194.5 202.6 203.4 204.4 0.5

Other services............................. 102.7 103.9 104.2 104.3 0.1 149.3 155.2 155.9 156.3 0.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.