For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 12, 2021 USDL-21-1975

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2021

The number of job openings was little changed at 10.4 million on the last business day of September, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.5

million and 6.2 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits level and rate increased to a series 

high of 4.4 million and 3.0 percent, respectively. The layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 0.9 

percent. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations 

for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of September, the number and rate of job openings were little changed at 10.4

million and 6.6 percent, respectively. Job openings increased in health care and social assistance 

(+141,000); state and local government, excluding education (+114,000); wholesale trade (+51,000); 

and information (+51,000). Job openings decreased in state and local government education (-114,000); 

other services (-104,000); real estate and rental and leasing (-65,000); and educational services 

(-45,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In September, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 6.5 million and 4.4 percent, 

respectively. Hires increased in health care and social assistance (+109,000) and finance and insurance 

(+60,000). Hires decreased in state and local government education (-92,000) and educational services 

(-89,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.

In September, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 6.2 million and 4.2 

percent, respectively. Total separations decreased in retail trade (-100,000). The total separations level 

increased in several industries with the largest increases in other services (+87,000); health care and 

social assistance (+86,000); and finance and insurance (+61,000). Total separations were little changed 

in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits increased in September to a series high of 4.4 million (+164,000). The quits rate 

also increased to a series high 3.0 percent. Quits increased in several industries with the largest increases 

in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+56,000); other services (+47,000); and state and local 

government education (+30,000). Quits decreased in wholesale trade (-30,000). The number of quits 

increased in the West region. (See table 4.)

In September, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.4 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was unchanged at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all 

industries and in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in September at 410,000. Other separations 

increased in finance and insurance (+41,000); state and local government education (+13,000); and other 

services (+12,000). Other separations were little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in September 2021, hires totaled 73.3 million and separations totaled 67.7

million, yielding a net employment gain of 5.6 million. These totals include workers who may have been 

hired and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In September, the job openings rate decreased in large establishments with 250-999 employees. The 

total separations rate increased in large establishments with 1,000-4,999 employees. For a more in-depth 

description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 

www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2021 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, December 8, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
- 3 -

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data

More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 

information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-ofcovid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,611 10,629 10,438 5,932 6,497 6,459 5,235 6,032 6,218

Total private....................................... 5,903 9,775 9,581 5,607 6,140 6,190 4,804 5,735 5,888

Mining and logging............................. 17 38 36 23 24 20 21 19 17

Construction.................................... 232 358 333 385 391 350 306 384 322

Manufacturing.................................. 500 869 897 384 476 485 380 444 461

Durable goods............................... 270 488 523 220 260 263 210 248 243

Nondurable goods........................... 230 381 374 164 216 222 170 196 218

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,132 2,035 2,031 1,255 1,411 1,384 1,071 1,381 1,293

Wholesale trade............................. 169 269 320 193 194 190 121 200 169

Retail trade................................... 674 1,196 1,121 729 932 893 692 959 859

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 289 570 589 333 284 301 257 223 265

Information...................................... 112 179 230 102 105 110 62 80 76

Financial activities.............................. 314 474 421 251 201 255 207 196 246

Finance and insurance..................... 239 288 301 160 126 186 128 128 189

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 75 186 121 91 75 69 79 67 58

Professional and business services......... 1,235 1,869 1,786 1,116 1,200 1,220 1,062 1,126 1,149

Education and health services............... 1,247 1,782 1,878 703 815 834 662 742 843

Educational services........................ 108 182 137 61 139 50 63 71 85

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,139 1,600 1,741 642 676 785 599 672 758

Leisure and hospitality........................ 837 1,683 1,586 1,102 1,274 1,265 846 1,180 1,212

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 86 224 209 121 194 203 105 120 179

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 751 1,459 1,378 980 1,080 1,062 741 1,060 1,033

Other services.................................. 277 487 383 286 245 268 187 181 268

Government....................................... 708 853 856 325 357 269 430 297 330

Federal.......................................... 101 135 139 59 47 42 92 43 43

State and local................................. 608 718 718 266 310 227 338 255 287

State and local education.................. 210 297 183 119 161 69 196 125 168

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 398 421 535 147 149 158 142 130 119

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.5 6.7 6.6 4.2 4.4 4.4 3.7 4.1 4.2

Total private....................................... 4.7 7.2 7.1 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.0 4.6 4.7

Mining and logging............................. 2.9 5.6 5.2 3.9 3.7 3.1 3.6 2.9 2.6

Construction.................................... 3.1 4.6 4.3 5.3 5.3 4.7 4.2 5.2 4.3

Manufacturing.................................. 4.0 6.5 6.7 3.2 3.8 3.9 3.1 3.6 3.7

Durable goods............................... 3.5 5.9 6.3 2.9 3.4 3.4 2.8 3.2 3.1

Nondurable goods........................... 4.8 7.5 7.4 3.6 4.6 4.7 3.7 4.2 4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.1 6.9 6.9 4.7 5.1 5.0 4.0 5.0 4.7

Wholesale trade............................. 2.9 4.5 5.3 3.5 3.4 3.3 2.2 3.5 2.9

Retail trade................................... 4.3 7.2 6.8 4.9 6.1 5.8 4.6 6.2 5.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 4.6 8.2 8.4 5.5 4.4 4.7 4.2 3.5 4.1

Information...................................... 4.0 6.1 7.6 3.8 3.8 3.9 2.3 2.9 2.7

Financial activities.............................. 3.5 5.1 4.5 2.9 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.8

Finance and insurance..................... 3.5 4.2 4.4 2.5 1.9 2.8 2.0 2.0 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 3.3 7.5 5.0 4.1 3.3 3.0 3.6 2.9 2.5

Professional and business services......... 5.8 8.2 7.8 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.5

Education and health services............... 5.1 7.0 7.4 3.0 3.4 3.5 2.9 3.1 3.6

Educational services........................ 3.1 4.8 3.7 1.8 3.8 1.4 1.9 1.9 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.5 7.4 8.0 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.0 3.4 3.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.9 9.9 9.4 8.2 8.4 8.3 6.3 7.7 7.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.7 9.5 8.7 7.0 9.0 9.3 6.0 5.6 8.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.1 10.0 9.5 8.4 8.2 8.1 6.4 8.1 7.9

Other services.................................. 4.8 7.8 6.3 5.3 4.3 4.7 3.4 3.2 4.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Government....................................... 3.1 3.7 3.7 1.5 1.6 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.5

Federal.......................................... 3.1 4.5 4.6 1.9 1.6 1.4 3.0 1.5 1.5

State and local................................. 3.1 3.6 3.6 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.5

State and local education.................. 2.1 2.8 1.8 1.2 1.6 0.7 2.0 1.2 1.7

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 4.2 4.5 5.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements. 

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

 The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

 The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar 

sources. 

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are 

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly. 

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program. 

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements. 

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations. 

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust 

again. 

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each 

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 

annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established. 

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month. 

Reliability of the estimates 

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected. 

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total............................................... 6,611 9,483 10,185 11,098 10,629 10,438 4.5 6.1 6.5 7.0 6.7 6.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,903 8,601 9,226 10,044 9,775 9,581 4.7 6.5 6.9 7.4 7.2 7.1

Mining and logging......................... 17 26 28 40 38 36 2.9 4.0 4.3 6.0 5.6 5.2

Construction................................ 232 317 338 347 358 333 3.1 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.3

Manufacturing.............................. 500 853 880 906 869 897 4.0 6.5 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.7

Durable goods........................... 270 480 494 517 488 523 3.5 5.9 6.1 6.3 5.9 6.3

Nondurable goods....................... 230 373 386 388 381 374 4.8 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,132 1,687 1,943 1,893 2,035 2,031 4.1 5.8 6.6 6.5 6.9 6.9

Wholesale trade......................... 169 277 274 261 269 320 2.9 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.5 5.3

Retail trade............................... 674 1,020 1,195 1,133 1,196 1,121 4.3 6.3 7.2 6.9 7.2 6.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 289 390 474 500 570 589 4.6 5.9 7.0 7.3 8.2 8.4

Information.................................. 112 140 161 160 179 230 4.0 4.9 5.6 5.5 6.1 7.6

Financial activities......................... 314 392 346 529 474 421 3.5 4.3 3.8 5.7 5.1 4.5

Finance and insurance................. 239 289 246 344 288 301 3.5 4.2 3.6 5.0 4.2 4.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 75 103 100 185 186 121 3.3 4.3 4.2 7.5 7.5 5.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,235 1,562 1,719 1,838 1,869 1,786 5.8 7.0 7.6 8.1 8.2 7.8

Education and health services........... 1,247 1,630 1,700 1,960 1,782 1,878 5.1 6.5 6.7 7.7 7.0 7.4

Educational services.................... 108 169 201 198 182 137 3.1 4.6 5.4 5.2 4.8 3.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,139 1,461 1,498 1,762 1,600 1,741 5.5 6.8 7.0 8.1 7.4 8.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 837 1,511 1,685 1,910 1,683 1,586 5.9 9.5 10.2 11.2 9.9 9.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 86 194 216 238 224 209 4.7 9.0 9.6 10.2 9.5 8.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 751 1,317 1,469 1,672 1,459 1,378 6.1 9.6 10.3 11.3 10.0 9.5

Other services.............................. 277 483 425 459 487 383 4.8 8.0 7.0 7.4 7.8 6.3

Government................................... 708 882 959 1,055 853 856 3.1 3.9 4.2 4.6 3.7 3.7

Federal...................................... 101 126 119 120 135 139 3.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.6

State and local............................. 608 756 840 934 718 718 3.1 3.9 4.2 4.6 3.6 3.6

State and local education.............. 210 322 446 412 297 183 2.1 3.2 4.3 3.9 2.8 1.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 398 433 394 523 421 535 4.2 4.6 4.2 5.5 4.5 5.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,088 1,694 1,746 2,030 1,833 1,850 4.0 6.0 6.2 7.0 6.4 6.4

South........................................... 2,645 3,594 3,888 4,203 4,134 3,963 4.8 6.3 6.8 7.2 7.1 6.8

Midwest........................................ 1,408 2,064 2,227 2,394 2,239 2,266 4.4 6.2 6.6 7.0 6.6 6.6

West............................................ 1,470 2,131 2,323 2,472 2,422 2,358 4.2 5.9 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total............................................... 5,932 6,022 6,827 6,761 6,497 6,459 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,607 5,703 6,398 6,268 6,140 6,190 4.7 4.6 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.9

Mining and logging......................... 23 23 25 24 24 20 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.1

Construction................................ 385 304 371 377 391 350 5.3 4.1 5.0 5.1 5.3 4.7

Manufacturing.............................. 384 427 483 477 476 485 3.2 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9

Durable goods........................... 220 235 280 261 260 263 2.9 3.1 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4

Nondurable goods....................... 164 192 203 216 216 222 3.6 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,255 1,271 1,585 1,310 1,411 1,384 4.7 4.7 5.8 4.8 5.1 5.0

Wholesale trade......................... 193 163 175 183 194 190 3.5 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.3

Retail trade............................... 729 832 1,126 857 932 893 4.9 5.5 7.3 5.6 6.1 5.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 333 277 283 271 284 301 5.5 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.7

Information.................................. 102 99 91 98 105 110 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.9

Financial activities......................... 251 201 209 224 201 255 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.9

Finance and insurance................. 160 130 139 143 126 186 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 91 70 70 80 75 69 4.1 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,116 1,049 1,163 1,258 1,200 1,220 5.6 5.1 5.6 6.0 5.7 5.8

Education and health services........... 703 760 796 783 815 834 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5

Educational services.................... 61 102 128 112 139 50 1.8 2.9 3.6 3.1 3.8 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 642 658 667 671 676 785 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,102 1,346 1,392 1,440 1,274 1,265 8.2 9.4 9.4 9.5 8.4 8.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 121 186 180 183 194 203 7.0 9.5 8.8 8.7 9.0 9.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 980 1,160 1,212 1,258 1,080 1,062 8.4 9.3 9.5 9.6 8.2 8.1

Other services.............................. 286 222 284 277 245 268 5.3 4.0 5.0 4.8 4.3 4.7

Government................................... 325 319 429 494 357 269 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.2

Federal...................................... 59 35 36 48 47 42 1.9 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.4

State and local............................. 266 284 393 446 310 227 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.3 1.6 1.2

State and local education.............. 119 180 267 290 161 69 1.2 1.8 2.7 2.8 1.6 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 147 104 126 156 149 158 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 962 880 1,021 1,015 972 997 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7

South........................................... 2,324 2,442 2,647 2,635 2,659 2,635 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9

Midwest........................................ 1,207 1,278 1,641 1,581 1,349 1,363 3.9 4.1 5.2 5.0 4.2 4.3

West............................................ 1,438 1,421 1,519 1,530 1,518 1,465 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total............................................... 5,235 5,330 5,612 5,792 6,032 6,218 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,804 5,047 5,350 5,535 5,735 5,888 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7

Mining and logging......................... 21 21 19 18 19 17 3.6 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.6

Construction................................ 306 334 379 383 384 322 4.2 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.3

Manufacturing.............................. 380 380 427 436 444 461 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7

Durable goods........................... 210 199 237 231 248 243 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1

Nondurable goods....................... 170 181 191 204 196 218 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,071 1,174 1,267 1,275 1,381 1,293 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.7

Wholesale trade......................... 121 142 142 162 200 169 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.5 2.9

Retail trade............................... 692 768 861 888 959 859 4.6 5.0 5.6 5.8 6.2 5.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 257 264 265 226 223 265 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.5 4.1

Information.................................. 62 78 88 79 80 76 2.3 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7

Financial activities......................... 207 195 203 206 196 246 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.8

Finance and insurance................. 128 135 143 134 128 189 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 79 60 60 73 67 58 3.6 2.7 2.6 3.2 2.9 2.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,062 969 1,100 1,193 1,126 1,149 5.3 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.5

Education and health services........... 662 691 719 696 742 843 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.6

Educational services.................... 63 68 65 69 71 85 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 599 624 654 627 672 758 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 846 987 955 1,009 1,180 1,212 6.3 6.9 6.5 6.6 7.7 7.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 105 122 120 124 120 179 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.6 8.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 741 866 834 885 1,060 1,033 6.4 7.0 6.5 6.7 8.1 7.9

Other services.............................. 187 216 193 240 181 268 3.4 3.9 3.4 4.2 3.2 4.7

Government................................... 430 284 262 258 297 330 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5

Federal...................................... 92 44 50 40 43 43 3.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5

State and local............................. 338 240 212 217 255 287 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5

State and local education.............. 196 104 57 69 125 168 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 142 136 155 149 130 119 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 753 784 815 918 888 883 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.3

South........................................... 2,090 2,119 2,219 2,269 2,370 2,521 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.7

Midwest........................................ 1,167 1,209 1,296 1,305 1,401 1,336 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.2

West............................................ 1,225 1,218 1,281 1,300 1,374 1,478 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.3

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total............................................... 3,307 3,630 3,870 4,028 4,270 4,434 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,101 3,470 3,713 3,872 4,087 4,217 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4

Mining and logging......................... 8 10 12 9 10 10 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.5

Construction................................ 148 156 185 198 192 183 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 254 245 304 300 312 337 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7

Durable goods........................... 134 120 163 154 170 171 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 120 126 141 146 141 166 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 707 851 905 954 1,041 984 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.6

Wholesale trade......................... 92 90 105 129 158 128 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.2

Retail trade............................... 468 596 637 682 730 685 3.1 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 147 166 164 143 153 171 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.7

Information.................................. 35 45 48 50 43 43 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5

Financial activities......................... 114 121 127 133 126 136 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5

Finance and insurance................. 72 86 78 79 85 100 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 42 35 49 54 41 36 1.9 1.6 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 669 614 684 697 701 706 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Education and health services........... 455 523 548 582 597 651 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.8

Educational services.................... 29 51 46 50 44 61 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 426 472 502 532 552 589 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 597 762 772 807 934 987 4.5 5.3 5.2 5.3 6.1 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 47 59 66 72 68 124 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.2 5.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 550 703 706 735 867 863 4.7 5.7 5.5 5.6 6.6 6.6

Other services.............................. 114 143 128 142 132 179 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3 3.1

Government................................... 205 160 156 157 183 217 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0

Federal...................................... 20 22 25 19 20 22 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local............................. 186 138 131 137 163 195 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0

State and local education.............. 107 64 34 45 77 107 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 78 74 97 92 86 88 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 441 458 531 589 619 603 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2

South........................................... 1,426 1,487 1,561 1,596 1,706 1,793 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3

Midwest........................................ 723 827 889 921 1,024 955 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.0

West............................................ 718 858 888 921 921 1,083 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total............................................... 1,555 1,353 1,354 1,423 1,385 1,375 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,406 1,281 1,300 1,368 1,330 1,329 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

Mining and logging......................... 10 8 6 7 8 5 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.8

Construction................................ 145 160 183 167 168 123 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.3 1.6

Manufacturing.............................. 103 110 101 118 104 101 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 63 64 59 67 60 60 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 40 45 42 51 44 42 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 307 278 298 267 271 252 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 20 45 26 27 31 31 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Retail trade............................... 194 149 189 167 186 146 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 93 84 83 73 54 75 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.2

Information.................................. 21 27 30 26 25 21 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8

Financial activities......................... 58 43 42 47 44 45 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Finance and insurance................. 26 24 37 30 24 28 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 32 19 4 17 20 17 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 322 278 307 404 347 371 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.8

Education and health services........... 167 122 115 75 111 147 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6

Educational services.................... 30 14 15 16 21 19 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 138 108 100 59 89 128 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 220 199 160 171 211 195 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 56 55 53 50 50 50 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 164 144 106 121 161 144 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.1

Other services.............................. 52 57 59 88 42 69 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.2

Government................................... 149 72 54 55 54 46 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal...................................... 61 9 10 7 8 9 2.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. 88 63 43 47 46 37 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 53 27 15 17 29 30 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 35 36 29 31 17 8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 257 273 216 258 205 218 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8

South........................................... 502 491 518 541 516 569 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

Midwest........................................ 379 315 324 308 299 299 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

West............................................ 418 274 295 316 365 289 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total............................................... 373 347 389 341 378 410 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 297 295 337 295 317 343 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 3 3 1 1 1 2 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Construction................................ 13 19 11 18 24 16 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 23 25 22 18 28 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 13 15 14 10 18 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 11 10 8 8 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 57 45 64 54 69 57 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 10 8 12 6 11 10 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 31 23 34 38 43 28 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 17 14 17 10 16 19 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information.................................. 6 6 11 3 13 12 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.4

Financial activities......................... 34 31 34 27 26 66 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 30 25 27 25 20 61 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 5 6 7 2 7 5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 71 76 109 92 79 73 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3

Education and health services........... 39 47 55 38 35 45 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Educational services.................... 4 3 4 3 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 35 44 52 36 30 41 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 29 26 24 32 34 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 7 1 3 2 4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 27 19 23 29 32 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.............................. 21 16 7 11 8 20 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3

Government................................... 76 52 52 46 60 67 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 13 14 14 15 13 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 64 39 38 33 46 54 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local education.............. 36 13 8 7 18 31 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 28 27 30 26 28 24 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 55 53 68 70 64 63 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 162 140 140 132 149 159 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 66 67 83 75 77 83 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

West............................................ 89 87 98 63 88 106 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 6,649 10,913 10,507 4.5 6.9 6.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,950 10,052 9,701 4.7 7.4 7.2

Mining and logging............................................... 20 42 39 3.3 6.1 5.7

Construction....................................................... 221 384 316 2.9 4.8 4.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 494 889 899 3.9 6.6 6.7

Durable goods.................................................. 271 499 533 3.5 6.1 6.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 223 390 365 4.6 7.6 7.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,255 2,181 2,166 4.5 7.4 7.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 166 261 320 2.9 4.4 5.3

Retail trade..................................................... 791 1,346 1,231 5.0 8.1 7.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 297 574 614 4.7 8.4 8.7

Information........................................................ 121 193 243 4.4 6.5 8.0

Financial activities................................................ 298 468 410 3.3 5.0 4.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 233 285 298 3.5 4.2 4.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 64 183 112 2.8 7.3 4.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,272 1,906 1,837 5.9 8.3 8.0

Education and health services.................................. 1,161 1,753 1,832 4.8 7.0 7.2

Educational services.......................................... 101 188 129 2.9 5.4 3.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,060 1,565 1,702 5.1 7.2 7.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 830 1,736 1,578 5.8 9.9 9.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 67 218 184 3.7 8.4 7.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 763 1,518 1,394 6.1 10.1 9.6

Other services.................................................... 277 500 382 4.9 8.0 6.3

Government.......................................................... 699 861 806 3.1 3.9 3.5

Federal............................................................. 95 139 134 2.9 4.6 4.4

State and local.................................................... 604 723 672 3.1 3.8 3.4

State and local education..................................... 204 287 134 2.0 3.1 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 400 436 538 4.3 4.6 5.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,111 1,905 1,855 4.1 6.7 6.5

South................................................................. 2,669 4,244 4,020 4.9 7.3 6.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,411 2,271 2,271 4.4 6.7 6.6

West.................................................................. 1,458 2,493 2,361 4.2 6.7 6.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 6,033 7,120 6,493 4.3 4.8 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,621 6,487 6,185 4.7 5.2 4.9

Mining and logging............................................... 24 27 20 4.0 4.1 3.1

Construction....................................................... 380 395 341 5.1 5.2 4.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 397 518 504 3.3 4.1 4.0

Durable goods.................................................. 226 278 271 3.0 3.6 3.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 171 240 232 3.7 5.1 4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,262 1,501 1,423 4.8 5.5 5.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 195 203 197 3.5 3.5 3.4

Retail trade..................................................... 721 1,010 892 4.8 6.6 5.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 346 288 334 5.7 4.6 5.2

Information........................................................ 98 112 113 3.7 4.0 4.0

Financial activities................................................ 246 213 261 2.8 2.4 3.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 156 134 193 2.4 2.0 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 90 79 68 4.1 3.4 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,087 1,215 1,214 5.4 5.7 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 774 978 910 3.4 4.2 3.9

Educational services.......................................... 119 213 109 3.5 6.4 3.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 655 764 800 3.3 3.8 4.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,091 1,287 1,160 8.1 8.1 7.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 92 151 159 5.2 6.4 7.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,000 1,135 1,002 8.6 8.4 7.6

Other services.................................................... 261 243 239 4.8 4.2 4.2

Government.......................................................... 412 633 308 1.9 3.0 1.4

Federal............................................................. 62 52 47 2.0 1.8 1.6

State and local.................................................... 350 581 261 1.9 3.2 1.4

State and local education..................................... 216 434 110 2.2 4.8 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 135 146 151 1.5 1.6 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,020 973 1,028 3.9 3.6 3.8

South................................................................. 2,285 2,977 2,611 4.4 5.5 4.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,233 1,476 1,377 4.0 4.6 4.3

West.................................................................. 1,495 1,695 1,477 4.5 4.9 4.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 5,479 7,107 6,597 3.9 4.8 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,992 6,630 6,168 4.2 5.3 4.9

Mining and logging............................................... 20 21 15 3.3 3.3 2.3

Construction....................................................... 327 439 336 4.4 5.7 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 393 527 479 3.2 4.2 3.8

Durable goods.................................................. 216 298 253 2.9 3.8 3.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 176 229 226 3.8 4.8 4.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,038 1,540 1,263 3.9 5.6 4.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 124 220 175 2.2 3.8 3.1

Retail trade..................................................... 681 1,100 843 4.6 7.2 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 234 219 245 3.9 3.5 3.8

Information........................................................ 62 91 72 2.3 3.3 2.6

Financial activities................................................ 208 254 248 2.4 2.9 2.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 129 173 191 2.0 2.6 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 79 81 57 3.6 3.4 2.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,072 1,192 1,175 5.3 5.6 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 641 838 857 2.8 3.6 3.6

Educational services.......................................... 59 116 89 1.8 3.5 2.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 581 722 768 2.9 3.6 3.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,020 1,490 1,419 7.6 9.4 9.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 176 212 249 10.0 8.9 11.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 845 1,278 1,169 7.2 9.5 8.9

Other services.................................................... 212 239 304 3.9 4.1 5.3

Government.......................................................... 487 476 430 2.2 2.3 2.0

Federal............................................................. 93 49 43 3.0 1.7 1.5

State and local.................................................... 394 427 386 2.1 2.3 2.0

State and local education..................................... 185 227 204 1.9 2.5 2.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 209 200 183 2.3 2.2 2.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 879 1,097 1,021 3.4 4.1 3.8

South................................................................. 2,122 2,747 2,630 4.1 5.1 4.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,214 1,624 1,392 4.0 5.1 4.4

West.................................................................. 1,264 1,640 1,553 3.8 4.8 4.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 3,453 5,191 4,681 2.4 3.5 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,232 4,904 4,417 2.7 3.9 3.5

Mining and logging............................................... 9 14 11 1.6 2.1 1.7

Construction....................................................... 168 246 200 2.3 3.2 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 263 382 356 2.2 3.1 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 140 211 182 1.9 2.7 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 123 172 174 2.7 3.6 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 713 1,209 1,000 2.7 4.4 3.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 95 180 137 1.7 3.1 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 477 863 693 3.2 5.6 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 141 166 171 2.3 2.6 2.7

Information........................................................ 36 56 43 1.4 2.0 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 114 164 135 1.3 1.8 1.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 75 114 102 1.1 1.7 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 40 50 33 1.8 2.1 1.4

Professional and business services............................ 686 796 730 3.4 3.8 3.4

Education and health services.................................. 458 680 671 2.0 2.9 2.8

Educational services.......................................... 35 71 70 1.0 2.1 2.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 423 608 601 2.1 3.0 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 654 1,192 1,074 4.9 7.5 7.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 63 128 140 3.6 5.4 6.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 591 1,064 934 5.1 7.9 7.1

Other services.................................................... 130 166 199 2.4 2.9 3.5

Government.......................................................... 222 288 264 1.0 1.4 1.2

Federal............................................................. 21 24 23 0.7 0.8 0.8

State and local.................................................... 201 264 240 1.1 1.5 1.3

State and local education..................................... 108 151 139 1.1 1.7 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 92 113 101 1.0 1.2 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 501 783 674 1.9 2.9 2.5

South................................................................. 1,417 2,012 1,829 2.7 3.7 3.4

Midwest............................................................... 769 1,228 1,015 2.5 3.9 3.2

West.................................................................. 767 1,168 1,163 2.3 3.4 3.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 1,663 1,502 1,503 1.2 1.0 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,467 1,390 1,402 1.2 1.1 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 8 7 2 1.3 1.0 0.3

Construction....................................................... 146 167 120 2.0 2.2 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 108 118 103 0.9 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 66 71 62 0.9 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 42 47 42 0.9 1.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 266 258 203 1.0 0.9 0.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 20 30 29 0.4 0.5 0.5

Retail trade..................................................... 171 192 122 1.1 1.3 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 75 36 53 1.2 0.6 0.8

Information........................................................ 21 22 17 0.8 0.8 0.6

Financial activities................................................ 58 56 45 0.7 0.6 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 24 33 26 0.4 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 34 23 19 1.5 1.0 0.8

Professional and business services............................ 316 320 375 1.6 1.5 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 146 119 143 0.6 0.5 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 20 38 15 0.6 1.1 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 126 81 129 0.6 0.4 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 335 258 312 2.5 1.6 2.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 110 79 104 6.3 3.3 4.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 224 179 208 1.9 1.3 1.6

Other services.................................................... 64 64 81 1.2 1.1 1.4

Government.......................................................... 196 112 101 0.9 0.5 0.5

Federal............................................................. 61 8 8 1.9 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 136 104 93 0.7 0.6 0.5

State and local education..................................... 47 50 34 0.5 0.5 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 89 55 59 1.0 0.6 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 316 243 278 1.2 0.9 1.0

South................................................................. 547 568 635 1.0 1.1 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 379 306 296 1.2 1.0 0.9

West.................................................................. 421 386 294 1.3 1.1 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Sept.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 363 413 413 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 293 337 349 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 3 1 2 0.5 0.2 0.3

Construction....................................................... 13 27 16 0.2 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 22 27 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 11 16 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 11 11 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 59 72 59 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 9 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 32 45 28 0.2 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 18 17 21 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 5 12 12 0.2 0.4 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 35 34 68 0.4 0.4 0.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 30 27 62 0.5 0.4 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 5 7 5 0.2 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 70 76 71 0.4 0.4 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 37 40 43 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 4 7 4 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 33 33 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 32 40 33 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 4 5 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 29 36 27 0.3 0.3 0.2

Other services.................................................... 18 8 25 0.3 0.1 0.4

Government.......................................................... 70 76 65 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal............................................................. 11 17 12 0.4 0.6 0.4

State and local.................................................... 58 59 53 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education..................................... 30 26 30 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 28 33 23 0.3 0.4 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 62 70 69 0.2 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 159 167 166 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 66 90 82 0.2 0.3 0.3

West.................................................................. 76 86 96 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.