Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-0210 

8:30 a.m. (EST) February 5, 2016

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JANUARY 2016

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 151,000 in January, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 4.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in several 

industries, led by retail trade, food services and drinking places, health care, and manufacturing. 

Employment declined in private educational services, transportation and warehousing, and mining. 

Changes to The Employment Situation Data 

Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking process and 

the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey data for January 2016 reflect 

updated population estimates. See the notes beginning on page 4 for more information about 

these changes.

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, January 2014 –

January 2016

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16

Percent Thousands

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2014 – January 2016
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data

Both the number of unemployed persons, at 7.8 million, and the unemployment rate, at 4.9 percent, 

changed little in January. Over the past 12 months, the number of unemployed persons and the 

unemployment rate were down by 1.1 million and 0.8 percentage point, respectively. (See table A-1. See 

the note on page 6 and tables B and C for information about annual population adjustments to the 

household survey estimates.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.5 percent) and Whites (4.3 

percent) declined in January. The jobless rates for adult women (4.5 percent), teenagers (16.0 percent), 

Blacks (8.8 percent), Asians (3.7 percent), and Hispanics (5.9 percent) showed little change over the 

month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

in January, at 2.1 million, and has shown little movement since June. These individuals accounted for 

26.9 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

After accounting for the annual adjustments to the population controls, the civilian labor force and total 

employment, as measured by the household survey, were little changed in January. The labor force 

participation rate, at 62.7 percent, was little changed. The employment-population ratio (59.6 

percent) changed little over the month but was up by 0.3 percentage point since October. (See table A-1. 

For additional information about the effects of the population adjustments, see table C.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 6.0 million in January but was down by 796,000 

over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part 

time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table 

A-8.) 

In January, 2.1 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year 

earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 623,000 discouraged workers in January, essentially 

unchanged from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in January had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 151,000 in January. Employment rose in several 

industries, led by retail trade, food services and drinking places, health care, and manufacturing. Private 

educational services and transportation and warehousing lost jobs. Mining employment continued to 

decline. (See table B-1 and summary table B. See the note on page 4 and table A for information about 

the annual benchmark process.) 
- 3 - 

Retail trade added 58,000 jobs in January, following essentially no change in December. Employment 

rose in general merchandise stores (+15,000), electronics and appliance stores (+9,000), motor vehicle 

and parts dealers (+8,000), and furniture and home furnishing stores (+7,000). Employment in retail 

trade has increased by 301,000 over the past 12 months, with motor vehicle and parts dealers and 

general merchandise stores accounting for nearly half of the gain. 

Employment in food services and drinking places rose in January (+47,000). Over the year, the 

industry has added 384,000 jobs. 

Health care continued to add jobs in January (+37,000), with most of the increase occurring in hospitals 

(+24,000). Health care has added 470,000 jobs over the past 12 months, with about two-fifths of the 

growth occurring in hospitals. 

Manufacturing added 29,000 jobs in January, following little employment change in 2015. Over the 

month, job gains occurred in food manufacturing (+11,000), fabricated metal products (+7,000), and 

furniture and related products (+3,000). 

Employment in financial activities rose in January (+18,000). Job gains occurred in credit 

intermediation and related activities (+7,000). 

Private educational services lost 39,000 jobs in January due to larger than normal seasonal layoffs.

Employment in transportation and warehousing decreased by 20,000 in January. Most of the loss 

occurred among couriers and messengers (-14,000), reflecting larger than usual layoffs following strong 

seasonal hiring in the prior 2 months. 

Employment in mining continued to decline in January (-7,000). Since reaching a peak in September 

2014, employment in the industry has fallen by 146,000, or 17 percent. 

Employment in professional and business services changed little in January (+9,000), after increasing 

by 60,000 in December. Within the industry, professional and technical services added 25,000 jobs over 

the month, in line with average monthly gains over the prior 12 months. Employment in temporary help 

services edged down in January (-25,000), after edging up by the same amount in December. 

Employment in other major industries, including construction, wholesale trade, and government, 

changed little over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 34.6 hours in 

January. The manufacturing workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and factory overtime was 

unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 12 

cents to $25.39. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.5 percent. In January, average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 6 cents to $21.33. 

(See tables B-3 and B-8.) 
- 4 - 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised from +252,000 to 

+280,000, and the change for December was revised from +292,000 to +262,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in November and December combined were 2,000 lower than previously reported. 

Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 231,000 per month. Monthly revisions result from 

additional reports received from businesses since the last published estimates and the recalculation of 

seasonal factors. The annual benchmark process also contributed to these revisions. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 4, 2016, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 

Revisions to Establishment Survey Data 

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have been 

benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2015. These counts are derived 

principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which counts jobs covered 

by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. The benchmark process results in revisions to not 

seasonally adjusted data from April 2014 forward. Seasonally adjusted data from January 2011 forward 

are subject to revision. In addition, data for some series prior to 2011, both seasonally adjusted and 

unadjusted, incorporate other revisions. 

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2015 was revised downward by 206,000 (-199,000 on a 

not seasonally adjusted basis, or -0.1 percent). The absolute average benchmark revision over the past 10 

years is 0.3 percent. 

The effect of these revisions on the underlying trend in nonfarm payroll employment was minor. For 

example, the over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for 2015 was revised from 2,650,000 to 

2,735,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a 

seasonally adjusted basis for January to December 2015. 

All revised historical Current Employment Statistics (CES) data, as well as an article that discusses the 

benchmark and post-benchmark revisions and other technical issues, can be accessed through the BLS 

website at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.pdf. Information on the data released today also may be 

obtained by calling (202) 691-6555. 
- 5 - 

Table A. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, January-December 2015, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

As 

previously 

published

As revised Difference

As 

previously 

published

As revised Difference

2015

January......................... 140,793 140,623 -170 201 221 20

February........................ 141,059 140,888 -171 266 265 -1

March............................ 141,178 140,972 -206 119 84 -35

April............................ 141,365 141,223 -142 187 251 64

May.............................. 141,625 141,496 -129 260 273 13

June................................141,870 141,724 -146 245 228 -17

July................................ 142,093 142,001 -92 223 277 54

August........................... 142,246 142,151 -95 153 150 -3

September..................... 142,391 142,300 -91 145 149 4

October.......................... 142,698 142,595 -103 307 295 -12

November...................... 142,950 142,875 -75 252 280 28

December (p).................. 143,242 143,137 -105 292 262 -30

p = preliminary.

Year and month

Level Over-the-month change
- 6 - 

Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey

Effective with data for January 2016, updated population estimates have been used in the household 

survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each 

year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new information and assumptions about the 

growth of the population since the previous decennial census. The change in population reflected in the 

new estimates results from adjustments for net international migration and updated vital statistics. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates for 

December 2015 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustments, however, 

differences in selected December 2015 labor force series based on the old and new population estimates 

are shown in table B. 

The adjustments increased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population in December by 

265,000, the civilian labor force by 218,000, employment by 206,000, and unemployment by 12,000. 

The number of persons not in the labor force was increased by 47,000. The total unemployment rate, 

employment-population ratio, and labor force participation rate were unaffected. 

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability of 

household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population 

estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 2015 and January 

2016. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on national labor force 

estimates is available at www.bls.gov/cps/population-control-adjustments-2016.pdf. 

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2015 estimates by sex, race, 

and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Total Men Women White

Black or 

African 

American

Asian

Hispanic or 

Latino 

ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population...... 265 157 108 73 47 125 36

 Civilian labor force..................... 218 138 79 86 38 80 25

 Participation rate.................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Employed.............................. 206 131 76 82 34 76 25

 Employment-population ratio...... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

 Unemployed........................... 12 8 4 4 3 3 0

 Unemployment rate............... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Not in labor force..................... 47 18 28 -13 8 46 10

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or

African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
- 7 - 

Change to The Employment Situation News Release 

The establishment survey published additional industry employment data in this month’s news 

release. Table B-1 now includes both seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

employment for 27 additional industries. More information about these series is available at 

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesnewseries.htm.

Table C. December 2015-January 2016 changes in selected labor force measures, 

with adjustments for population control effects

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Dec.-Jan. change, 

as published

2016 population 

control effect

Dec.-Jan. change, 

after removing the 

population control 

effect 1

Civilian noninstitutional population......... 461 265 196

 Civilian labor force..................... 502 218 284

 Participation rate..................... 0.1 0.0 0.1

 Employed.............................. 615 206 409

 Employment-population ratio...... 0.1 0.0 0.1

 Unemployed........................... -113 12 -125

 Unemployment rate.................. -0.1 0.0 -0.1

 Not in labor force........................ -41 47 -88

1 This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the 

over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Change from:

Dec. 2015-

Jan. 2016

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 249,723 251,747 251,936 252,397 –

Civilian labor force........................................................... 157,025 157,367 157,833 158,335 –

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.9 62.5 62.6 62.7 –

Employed................................................................... 148,104 149,444 149,929 150,544 –

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.6 –

Unemployed............................................................... 8,920 7,924 7,904 7,791 –

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.7 5.0 5.0 4.9 –

Not in labor force............................................................ 92,699 94,380 94,103 94,062 –

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.7 5.0 5.0 4.9 –

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.5 –

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.5 –

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 18.9 15.6 16.1 16.0 –

White.......................................................................... 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 –

Black or African American.................................................. 10.3 9.4 8.3 8.8 –

Asian.......................................................................... 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.7 6.4 6.3 5.9 –

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.6 4.1 4.0 4.0 –

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 8.6 6.8 6.7 7.4 –

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.3 –

Some college or associate degree........................................ 5.2 4.4 4.1 4.2 –

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 –

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 4,246 3,873 3,796 3,664 –

Job leavers...................................................................... 851 800 821 766 –

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,836 2,449 2,476 2,468 –

New entrants.................................................................... 1,026 847 858 827 –

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,390 2,412 2,405 2,249 –

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,332 2,253 2,192 2,282 –

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,371 1,270 1,235 1,135 –

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,776 2,054 2,085 2,089 –

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,784 6,085 6,022 5,988 –

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,011 3,536 3,548 3,544 –

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,431 2,221 2,172 2,134 –

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 19,835 20,171 20,243 20,311 –

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,234 1,717 1,833 2,089 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 682 594 663 623 –

- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 280 262 151

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 279 251 158

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 53 54 40

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 -15 -7 -7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 65 48 18

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3 13 29

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 -12 1 17

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 -4.0 -0.3 3.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 15 12 12

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 226 197 118

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 9.7 5.1 8.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 51.8 -0.8 57.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 11.8 17.0 -20.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 2.2 0.6 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -18 8 1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 18 10 18

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 48 60 9

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11.4 0.7 25.1 -25.2

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 45 54 6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 42.4 44.8 44.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 46 31 44

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 11 12 -5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 11 -7

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 241 279 231

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 248 278 229

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.8 47.9 47.9 48.0

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.5 34.5 34.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.76 $25.27 $25.27 $25.39

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $856.70 $871.82 $871.82 $878.49

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.1 104.6 104.9 105.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.0 126.4 126.7 127.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.9

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.2 62.2 59.5

Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 55.1 55.1 63.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 623,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249,723 251,936 252,397 249,723 251,325 251,541 251,747 251,936 252,397

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,050 157,245 157,347 157,025 156,867 157,096 157,367 157,833 158,335

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.9 62.4 62.5 62.5 62.6 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,552 149,703 149,037 148,104 148,942 149,197 149,444 149,929 150,544

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 59.4 59.0 59.3 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,498 7,542 8,309 8,920 7,925 7,899 7,924 7,904 7,791

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 4.8 5.3 5.7 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,674 94,691 95,051 92,699 94,458 94,446 94,380 94,103 94,062

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,467 5,705 6,166 6,333 5,944 6,039 5,637 5,886 5,973

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,559 121,671 121,926 120,559 121,365 121,474 121,577 121,671 121,926

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,851 83,439 83,360 83,689 83,430 83,505 83,503 83,876 84,238

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 68.6 68.4 69.4 68.7 68.7 68.7 68.9 69.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,477 79,158 78,792 78,833 79,148 79,225 79,182 79,546 80,104

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 65.1 64.6 65.4 65.2 65.2 65.1 65.4 65.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,374 4,280 4,569 4,855 4,282 4,279 4,321 4,330 4,134

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.1 5.5 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,708 38,233 38,566 36,870 37,935 37,969 38,074 37,795 37,688

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,117 113,241 113,483 112,117 112,940 113,049 113,149 113,241 113,483

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,179 80,663 80,731 80,737 80,578 80,660 80,623 80,927 81,333

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 71.2 71.1 72.0 71.3 71.3 71.3 71.5 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,364 76,827 76,644 76,472 76,775 76,857 76,823 77,119 77,704

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 67.8 67.5 68.2 68.0 68.0 67.9 68.1 68.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,815 3,836 4,087 4,265 3,803 3,803 3,800 3,808 3,629

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 4.8 5.1 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,938 32,578 32,753 31,380 32,363 32,389 32,526 32,314 32,151

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,165 130,265 130,471 129,165 129,960 130,067 130,170 130,265 130,471

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,199 73,807 73,986 73,336 73,437 73,591 73,865 73,957 74,097

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 56.7 56.7 56.8 56.5 56.6 56.7 56.8 56.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,075 70,544 70,246 69,271 69,794 69,971 70,262 70,383 70,440

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 54.2 53.8 53.6 53.7 53.8 54.0 54.0 54.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,124 3,262 3,741 4,065 3,643 3,620 3,603 3,574 3,657

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 4.4 5.1 5.5 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,966 56,458 56,485 55,829 56,523 56,476 56,305 56,308 56,374

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,970 122,071 122,263 120,970 121,773 121,880 121,979 122,071 122,263

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,554 71,055 71,242 70,491 70,679 70,833 71,139 71,069 71,171

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.3 58.0 58.1 58.3 58.2 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,894 68,131 67,904 66,932 67,465 67,624 67,891 67,911 67,940

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.8 55.5 55.3 55.4 55.5 55.7 55.6 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,660 2,924 3,338 3,559 3,214 3,209 3,249 3,157 3,231

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.1 4.7 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,416 51,016 51,022 50,479 51,094 51,047 50,840 51,002 51,092

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,636 16,624 16,651 16,636 16,612 16,612 16,619 16,624 16,651

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,317 5,527 5,375 5,797 5,610 5,603 5,605 5,837 5,832

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 33.2 32.3 34.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 35.1 35.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,294 4,745 4,490 4,700 4,702 4,715 4,729 4,899 4,901

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 28.5 27.0 28.3 28.3 28.4 28.5 29.5 29.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,023 782 885 1,096 908 887 875 938 931

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 14.2 16.5 18.9 16.2 15.8 15.6 16.1 16.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,320 11,096 11,276 10,840 11,002 11,010 11,014 10,787 10,819

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,307 197,471 197,639 196,307 197,152 197,271 197,377 197,471 197,639

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,199 123,401 123,578 124,067 123,180 123,375 123,496 123,815 124,362

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.5 62.5 63.2 62.5 62.5 62.6 62.7 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,637 118,157 117,800 118,019 117,812 117,978 118,115 118,295 119,029

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 59.8 59.6 60.1 59.8 59.8 59.8 59.9 60.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,562 5,244 5,779 6,048 5,368 5,396 5,381 5,520 5,333

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.2 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,109 74,070 74,061 72,241 73,973 73,896 73,881 73,656 73,277

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,377 64,506 64,515 64,864 64,541 64,563 64,503 64,691 65,002

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.9 71.5 71.5 72.4 71.7 71.7 71.6 71.7 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,016 61,788 61,611 61,961 61,874 61,921 61,884 61,988 62,482

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 68.5 68.2 69.2 68.7 68.7 68.7 68.7 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,361 2,718 2,904 2,902 2,668 2,642 2,619 2,702 2,520

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,635 54,560 54,811 54,640 54,227 54,431 54,638 54,521 54,753

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 57.4 57.7 57.9 57.2 57.4 57.6 57.4 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,140 52,596 52,570 52,242 52,134 52,284 52,466 52,391 52,603

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 55.4 55.3 55.3 55.0 55.1 55.3 55.2 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,495 1,964 2,242 2,398 2,093 2,147 2,172 2,130 2,150

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.6 4.1 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,186 4,335 4,252 4,563 4,411 4,381 4,355 4,603 4,607

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 35.2 34.5 37.0 35.8 35.6 35.4 37.4 37.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,481 3,773 3,619 3,816 3,804 3,773 3,765 3,916 3,944

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 30.6 29.4 30.9 30.9 30.7 30.6 31.8 32.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 562 633 748 607 608 590 687 663

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 13.0 14.9 16.4 13.8 13.9 13.5 14.9 14.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,188 31,594 31,679 31,188 31,479 31,518 31,557 31,594 31,679

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,895 19,359 19,355 19,048 19,364 19,402 19,447 19,442 19,536

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 61.3 61.1 61.1 61.5 61.6 61.6 61.5 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,877 17,795 17,602 17,086 17,573 17,623 17,628 17,819 17,821

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 56.3 55.6 54.8 55.8 55.9 55.9 56.4 56.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,018 1,565 1,753 1,962 1,791 1,779 1,819 1,623 1,716

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 8.1 9.1 10.3 9.2 9.2 9.4 8.3 8.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,293 12,235 12,324 12,140 12,115 12,116 12,110 12,152 12,143

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,633 8,759 8,778 8,677 8,751 8,770 8,752 8,780 8,844

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 66.7 66.6 67.1 66.9 66.9 66.7 66.8 67.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,652 7,994 7,983 7,772 7,971 7,964 7,885 8,017 8,101

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 60.9 60.6 60.1 60.9 60.8 60.1 61.0 61.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981 764 795 905 780 806 867 763 743

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 8.7 9.1 10.4 8.9 9.2 9.9 8.7 8.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,638 9,890 9,927 9,678 9,892 9,956 10,009 9,928 9,970

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 61.9 62.0 61.4 62.2 62.5 62.8 62.2 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,792 9,240 9,134 8,826 9,107 9,154 9,218 9,241 9,179

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 57.9 57.1 56.0 57.2 57.5 57.8 57.9 57.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 650 792 852 785 802 791 686 791

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 6.6 8.0 8.8 7.9 8.1 7.9 6.9 7.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 710 650 693 721 677 686 734 722

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 28.5 26.0 27.7 29.0 27.2 27.6 29.5 28.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 560 484 488 495 505 525 560 540

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 22.5 19.4 19.5 19.9 20.3 21.1 22.5 21.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 150 166 205 226 172 161 174 182

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.6 21.2 25.5 29.6 31.3 25.4 23.5 23.7 25.2

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,253 14,553 14,816 14,253 14,508 14,440 14,476 14,553 14,816

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,895 9,185 9,189 8,901 9,042 8,955 9,132 9,168 9,192

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 63.1 62.0 62.5 62.3 62.0 63.1 63.0 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,530 8,821 8,846 8,544 8,711 8,637 8,778 8,805 8,856

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 60.6 59.7 59.9 60.0 59.8 60.6 60.5 59.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 365 343 357 331 318 354 363 337

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,359 5,367 5,627 5,352 5,466 5,485 5,344 5,385 5,623

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 39,165 40,090 40,215 39,165 39,828 39,916 40,005 40,090 40,215

Civilian labor force................................ 25,956 26,210 26,353 26,055 26,074 26,200 26,225 26,270 26,451

Participation rate............................... 66.3 65.4 65.5 66.5 65.5 65.6 65.6 65.5 65.8

Employed....................................... 23,998 24,591 24,605 24,302 24,410 24,535 24,543 24,614 24,893

Employment-population ratio............... 61.3 61.3 61.2 62.1 61.3 61.5 61.3 61.4 61.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,958 1,619 1,747 1,753 1,664 1,665 1,682 1,655 1,558

Unemployment rate......................... 7.5 6.2 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 5.9

Not in labor force................................. 13,208 13,881 13,862 13,110 13,754 13,716 13,780 13,821 13,764

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,426 14,475 14,532 14,483 14,471 14,464 14,377 14,454 14,590

Participation rate............................... 81.8 80.1 80.2 82.1 80.6 80.4 79.7 79.9 80.5

Employed....................................... 13,413 13,639 13,658 13,644 13,676 13,723 13,601 13,659 13,878

Employment-population ratio............... 76.0 75.4 75.3 77.3 76.2 76.2 75.4 75.6 76.5

Unemployed.................................... 1,013 835 874 839 795 741 776 795 712

Unemployment rate......................... 7.0 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.5 4.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,364 10,608 10,655 10,353 10,511 10,643 10,754 10,646 10,649

Participation rate............................... 58.1 58.0 58.1 58.1 57.9 58.5 59.0 58.2 58.0

Employed....................................... 9,677 9,979 9,993 9,706 9,844 9,961 10,031 9,978 10,022

Employment-population ratio............... 54.3 54.6 54.5 54.4 54.2 54.7 55.0 54.6 54.6

Unemployed.................................... 687 629 662 647 667 682 723 668 627

Unemployment rate......................... 6.6 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.7 6.3 5.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,165 1,127 1,166 1,219 1,093 1,093 1,095 1,170 1,212

Participation rate............................... 31.6 30.2 31.2 33.1 29.4 29.4 29.4 31.3 32.5

Employed....................................... 908 972 955 952 889 851 912 977 994

Employment-population ratio............... 24.6 26.1 25.6 25.8 23.9 22.9 24.5 26.2 26.6

Unemployed.................................... 257 154 211 267 203 242 183 193 218

Unemployment rate......................... 22.1 13.7 18.1 21.9 18.6 22.1 16.7 16.5 18.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 11,353 10,810 11,030 11,405 10,597 10,729 10,958 10,847 11,037

Participation rate.................................. 45.7 45.3 46.0 45.9 44.8 45.7 45.7 45.4 46.0

Employed.......................................... 10,226 10,067 10,079 10,428 9,779 9,946 10,210 10,125 10,221

Employment-population ratio................. 41.1 42.2 42.0 41.9 41.3 42.4 42.6 42.4 42.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,126 742 951 976 818 784 748 722 816

Unemployment rate............................ 9.9 6.9 8.6 8.6 7.7 7.3 6.8 6.7 7.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,238 34,720 35,195 35,472 35,220 35,354 35,224 34,744 35,347

Participation rate.................................. 57.6 56.9 57.5 58.0 56.9 57.1 57.2 57.0 57.8

Employed.......................................... 33,083 32,765 33,121 33,540 33,370 33,492 33,315 32,812 33,475

Employment-population ratio................. 54.1 53.7 54.1 54.9 53.9 54.1 54.1 53.8 54.7

Unemployed....................................... 2,155 1,955 2,073 1,932 1,850 1,861 1,910 1,933 1,872

Unemployment rate............................ 6.1 5.6 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,208 37,679 37,952 37,447 37,330 37,464 37,610 37,869 38,098

Participation rate.................................. 66.7 66.2 66.2 67.2 66.2 66.2 66.7 66.5 66.5

Employed.......................................... 35,118 36,179 36,220 35,491 35,724 35,838 35,957 36,304 36,493

Employment-population ratio................. 63.0 63.6 63.2 63.7 63.3 63.3 63.8 63.8 63.7

Unemployed....................................... 2,090 1,500 1,732 1,955 1,607 1,626 1,653 1,565 1,605

Unemployment rate............................ 5.6 4.0 4.6 5.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 51,695 53,202 52,806 51,548 52,711 52,697 52,757 53,054 52,674

Participation rate.................................. 74.7 74.2 73.9 74.4 74.4 74.2 74.0 74.0 73.8

Employed.......................................... 50,212 51,970 51,458 50,097 51,408 51,366 51,451 51,746 51,358

Employment-population ratio................. 72.5 72.5 72.1 72.3 72.6 72.3 72.1 72.2 71.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,483 1,231 1,348 1,452 1,303 1,331 1,306 1,307 1,316

Unemployment rate............................ 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,352 21,034 19,363 19,028 1,989 2,006

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,802 10,709 9,509 9,465 1,294 1,245

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.6 50.9 49.1 49.7 65.0 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,232 10,206 9,019 9,030 1,213 1,177

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.5 46.6 47.5 61.0 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 503 489 435 80 68

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.7 5.1 4.6 6.2 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,550 10,325 9,854 9,563 695 761

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,465 3,802 2,850 3,119 615 683

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,754 3,155 2,310 2,629 445 525

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 83.0 81.0 84.3 72.3 76.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,536 2,975 2,118 2,491 417 484

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 78.3 74.3 79.9 67.8 70.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 179 191 138 27 41

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 5.7 8.3 5.3 6.2 7.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 647 540 490 171 158

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,471 3,350 2,938 2,851 533 499

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,853 2,710 2,443 2,349 410 360

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2 80.9 83.1 82.4 77.0 72.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,741 2,607 2,358 2,256 382 351

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 77.8 80.3 79.1 71.8 70.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 103 85 94 27 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.8 3.5 4.0 6.7 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 641 495 502 123 138

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,091 8,673 8,768 8,363 323 310

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,463 2,215 2,372 2,138 91 77

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 25.5 27.0 25.6 28.2 24.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,338 2,125 2,254 2,056 84 68

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 24.5 25.7 24.6 26.1 22.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 90 118 82 7 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.1 5.0 3.8 7.6 11.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,628 6,458 6,396 6,225 232 233

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,325 5,209 4,807 4,695 518 514

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,732 2,630 2,385 2,349 348 282

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 50.5 49.6 50.0 67.1 54.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,618 2,500 2,289 2,227 329 273

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 48.0 47.6 47.4 63.6 53.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 131 96 122 18 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.0 4.0 5.2 5.3 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,593 2,579 2,422 2,346 170 232

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219,511 222,523 96,751 98,416 122,761 124,107

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,425 144,803 72,474 73,011 70,951 71,792

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 65.1 74.9 74.2 57.8 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,845 137,316 67,765 69,049 67,080 68,268

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 61.7 70.0 70.2 54.6 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,580 7,486 4,709 3,962 3,871 3,524

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 5.2 6.5 5.4 5.5 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,086 77,720 24,277 25,405 51,810 52,315

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,213 29,022 220,510 223,375

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,722 5,650 150,327 151,697

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.6 19.5 68.2 67.9

Employed............................................................................. 5,041 5,039 141,511 143,999

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.3 17.4 64.2 64.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 681 611 8,816 7,698

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.9 10.8 5.9 5.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,491 23,373 70,183 71,678

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,545 2,389 75,687 76,138

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.6 32.2 81.7 81.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,220 2,074 70,856 72,084

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.4 28.0 76.5 77.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 324 315 4,832 4,053

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.7 13.2 6.4 5.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,019 5,021 16,962 17,242

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,211 2,237 66,997 67,667

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.0 28.4 69.9 70.2

Employed............................................................................. 1,904 1,990 63,337 64,346

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 24.2 25.3 66.1 66.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 306 247 3,660 3,321

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.9 11.0 5.5 4.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,673 5,629 28,851 28,753

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 967 1,024 7,643 7,892

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.0 7.4 23.9 23.5

Employed............................................................................. 916 975 7,318 7,569

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.7 7.1 22.9 22.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 51 49 324 324

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.3 4.8 4.2 4.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,800 12,723 24,370 25,684

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 39,967 41,028 19,524 20,068 20,443 20,960

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,073 26,681 15,228 15,576 10,845 11,105

Participation rate.................................................. 65.2 65.0 78.0 77.6 53.1 53.0

Employed.......................................................... 24,553 25,328 14,351 14,824 10,202 10,503

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.4 61.7 73.5 73.9 49.9 50.1

Unemployed....................................................... 1,520 1,353 877 752 643 601

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.8 5.1 5.8 4.8 5.9 5.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,894 14,347 4,296 4,492 9,598 9,856

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 209,756 211,369 101,035 101,858 108,722 109,511

Civilian labor force.................................................. 129,977 130,665 67,623 67,784 62,354 62,882

Participation rate.................................................. 62.0 61.8 66.9 66.5 57.4 57.4

Employed.......................................................... 121,999 123,710 63,126 63,967 58,873 59,742

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.2 58.5 62.5 62.8 54.2 54.6

Unemployed....................................................... 7,978 6,956 4,497 3,817 3,480 3,139

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.1 5.3 6.7 5.6 5.6 5.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,780 80,704 33,412 34,074 46,368 46,629

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,234 2,273 2,200 2,417 2,368 2,394 2,424 2,411 2,385

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,410 1,482 1,381 1,563 1,516 1,568 1,557 1,562 1,538

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 802 760 792 840 821 804 822 814 827

Unpaid family workers........................... 22 32 27 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 144,317 147,430 146,838 145,683 146,535 146,864 147,110 147,587 148,115

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 135,748 138,989 138,298 136,853 137,999 138,182 138,478 139,054 139,371

Government..................................... 20,555 20,905 20,956 20,294 20,558 20,597 21,088 20,824 20,715

Private industries............................... 115,193 118,083 117,342 116,567 117,503 117,509 117,368 118,193 118,690

Private households.......................... 937 735 714 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 114,257 117,348 116,628 115,658 116,727 116,711 116,626 117,432 118,025

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,512 8,386 8,500 8,743 8,356 8,639 8,593 8,551 8,699

Unpaid family workers........................... 57 55 39 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,269 6,179 6,406 6,784 6,034 5,761 6,085 6,022 5,988

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,450 3,678 3,941 4,011 3,563 3,289 3,536 3,548 3,544

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,353 2,129 2,054 2,431 2,123 2,189 2,221 2,172 2,134

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,033 20,585 20,554 19,835 19,997 20,179 20,171 20,243 20,311

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,125 6,046 6,234 6,667 5,942 5,702 5,970 5,910 5,851

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,372 3,594 3,851 3,938 3,507 3,264 3,469 3,482 3,467

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,338 2,123 2,038 2,417 2,098 2,176 2,208 2,161 2,116

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,681 20,294 20,265 19,435 19,687 19,817 19,783 19,932 19,973

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,552 149,703 149,037 148,104 148,942 149,197 149,444 149,929 150,544

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,294 4,745 4,490 4,700 4,702 4,715 4,729 4,899 4,901

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,474 1,594 1,515 1,646 1,625 1,577 1,559 1,648 1,669

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,819 3,151 2,975 3,059 3,073 3,130 3,142 3,232 3,222

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,258 144,958 144,547 143,404 144,240 144,481 144,714 145,030 145,644

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,618 13,975 13,669 14,012 13,975 14,034 13,920 14,061 14,056

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,640 130,983 130,878 129,406 130,191 130,518 130,837 130,995 131,597

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,834 96,968 97,047 96,445 96,759 96,721 96,960 96,976 97,583

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,309 32,987 33,096 32,563 32,806 32,793 32,814 32,891 33,320

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,005 31,430 31,366 31,157 31,355 31,360 31,361 31,466 31,511

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,520 32,551 32,584 32,724 32,598 32,568 32,785 32,620 32,752

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,806 34,014 33,832 32,961 33,432 33,796 33,877 34,019 34,014

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,477 79,158 78,792 78,833 79,148 79,225 79,182 79,546 80,104

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,113 2,332 2,148 2,362 2,373 2,368 2,358 2,427 2,400

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 761 713 802 800 778 781 780 813

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,420 1,570 1,435 1,565 1,576 1,595 1,571 1,631 1,587

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,364 76,827 76,644 76,472 76,775 76,857 76,823 77,119 77,704

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,915 7,090 6,915 7,200 7,112 7,151 7,026 7,173 7,191

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,449 69,737 69,728 69,243 69,631 69,766 69,767 69,945 70,500

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,186 51,774 51,865 51,792 51,945 51,836 51,862 51,935 52,436

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,458 17,777 17,823 17,707 17,743 17,730 17,732 17,785 18,069

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,641 16,882 16,853 16,810 16,946 16,914 16,829 16,933 17,010

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,087 17,115 17,189 17,274 17,257 17,192 17,302 17,217 17,357

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,263 17,963 17,864 17,452 17,686 17,931 17,905 18,010 18,064

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,075 70,544 70,246 69,271 69,794 69,971 70,262 70,383 70,440

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,181 2,413 2,342 2,339 2,329 2,347 2,371 2,472 2,501

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782 833 801 845 825 799 778 868 856

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,399 1,580 1,540 1,494 1,497 1,535 1,571 1,601 1,635

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,894 68,131 67,904 66,932 67,465 67,624 67,891 67,911 67,940

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,703 6,885 6,754 6,812 6,863 6,883 6,894 6,888 6,865

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,191 61,246 61,150 60,163 60,560 60,752 61,070 61,051 61,096

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,648 45,194 45,182 44,653 44,813 44,886 45,098 45,042 45,147

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,852 15,210 15,273 14,856 15,064 15,064 15,082 15,106 15,250

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,364 14,548 14,514 14,347 14,409 14,445 14,533 14,533 14,501

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,432 15,437 15,396 15,450 15,341 15,377 15,483 15,403 15,395

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,543 16,051 15,968 15,510 15,747 15,866 15,972 16,009 15,950

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,555 45,162 44,942 44,866 44,907 44,858 44,816 45,187 45,231

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,929 35,318 35,046 34,853 35,023 35,146 35,185 35,080 34,997

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,300 9,853 9,753 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,840 122,013 121,411 120,662 121,873 122,054 122,099 122,603 123,141

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,712 27,689 27,627 27,484 27,009 27,209 27,332 27,359 27,364

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,289 7,855 7,314 7,464 7,351 7,452 7,414 7,738 7,504

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,483 5,842 5,796 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,315 9,146 9,291 9,583 9,177 9,443 9,415 9,364 9,526

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 8,920 7,904 7,791 5.7 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,096 938 931 18.9 16.2 15.8 15.6 16.1 16.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 403 346 364 19.7 17.6 18.0 17.1 17.4 17.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 675 581 566 18.1 15.8 14.8 15.2 15.2 14.9

20 years and over................................ 7,824 6,966 6,860 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,511 1,460 1,252 9.7 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.4 8.2

25 years and over.............................. 6,273 5,507 5,554 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0

25 to 54 years............................... 4,866 4,399 4,287 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2

25 to 34 years............................. 2,025 1,853 1,783 5.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.1

35 to 44 years............................. 1,436 1,320 1,301 4.4 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0

45 to 54 years............................. 1,405 1,226 1,203 4.1 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.5

55 years and over........................... 1,428 1,132 1,290 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,855 4,330 4,134 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 590 522 505 20.0 16.8 16.7 18.1 17.7 17.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 206 202 200 20.5 19.0 20.2 19.1 20.6 19.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 373 305 305 19.3 16.1 15.1 17.8 15.8 16.1

20 years and over................................ 4,265 3,808 3,629 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 927 824 712 11.4 10.4 10.6 11.2 10.3 9.0

25 years and over.............................. 3,321 2,994 2,881 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.9

25 to 54 years............................... 2,562 2,344 2,181 4.7 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,083 1,050 945 5.8 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.0

35 to 44 years............................. 779 678 639 4.4 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.6

45 to 54 years............................. 700 616 597 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.3

55 years and over........................... 759 650 700 4.2 4.0 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.7

Women, 16 years and over........................ 4,065 3,574 3,657 5.5 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 506 416 425 17.8 15.6 14.9 13.0 14.4 14.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 197 144 164 18.9 16.2 15.8 15.1 14.2 16.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 302 276 261 16.8 15.4 14.4 12.5 14.7 13.8

20 years and over................................ 3,559 3,157 3,231 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 584 636 540 7.9 7.9 8.1 7.9 8.5 7.3

25 years and over.............................. 2,952 2,513 2,672 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2

25 to 54 years............................... 2,304 2,054 2,106 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5

25 to 34 years............................. 942 803 838 6.0 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.0 5.2

35 to 44 years............................. 657 642 662 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.4

45 to 54 years............................. 706 610 606 4.4 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.8

55 years and over........................... 660 520 580 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.1 3.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,362 1,259 1,219 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,203 1,095 1,081 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0

Women who maintain families1

.................... 824 607 744 8.1 7.1 7.5 6.9 5.8 7.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 7,479 6,576 6,340 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,426 1,331 1,444 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.6 5.0

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4,912 3,820 4,287 4,246 3,883 3,944 3,873 3,796 3,664

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,328 1,000 1,314 919 901 936 939 937 923

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,584 2,820 2,974 3,327 2,982 3,007 2,934 2,859 2,741

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,491 2,006 1,986 2,357 2,139 2,115 2,112 2,044 1,876

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 1,093 814 988 970 843 893 822 815 865

Job leavers........................................... 868 762 774 851 778 790 800 821 766

Reentrants............................................ 2,832 2,239 2,537 2,836 2,443 2,435 2,449 2,476 2,468

New entrants......................................... 885 721 711 1,026 832 812 847 858 827

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 51.7 50.6 51.6 47.4 48.9 49.4 48.6 47.7 47.4

On temporary layoff.............................. 14.0 13.3 15.8 10.3 11.3 11.7 11.8 11.8 11.9

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 37.7 37.4 35.8 37.1 37.6 37.7 36.8 36.0 35.5

Job leavers........................................... 9.1 10.1 9.3 9.5 9.8 9.9 10.0 10.3 9.9

Reentrants............................................ 29.8 29.7 30.5 31.7 30.8 30.5 30.7 31.1 31.9

New entrants......................................... 9.3 9.6 8.6 11.4 10.5 10.2 10.6 10.8 10.7

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3

Job leavers........................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

New entrants......................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,780 2,280 2,574 2,390 2,373 2,339 2,412 2,405 2,249

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,468 2,031 2,438 2,332 2,211 2,295 2,253 2,192 2,282

15 weeks and over.................................. 4,250 3,231 3,297 4,147 3,337 3,359 3,324 3,320 3,224

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,396 1,206 1,144 1,371 1,228 1,227 1,270 1,235 1,135

27 weeks and over............................... 2,853 2,025 2,153 2,776 2,109 2,132 2,054 2,085 2,089

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 30.3 27.6 27.6 32.0 26.3 28.0 27.9 27.6 28.9

Median duration, in weeks......................... 12.3 10.9 10.5 13.4 11.3 11.1 10.7 10.5 10.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 29.3 30.2 31.0 27.0 30.0 29.3 30.2 30.4 29.0

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 26.0 26.9 29.3 26.3 27.9 28.7 28.2 27.7 29.4

15 weeks and over.................................. 44.7 42.8 39.7 46.8 42.1 42.0 41.6 41.9 41.6

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 14.7 16.0 13.8 15.5 15.5 15.4 15.9 15.6 14.6

27 weeks and over............................... 30.0 26.9 25.9 31.3 26.6 26.7 25.7 26.3 26.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 146,552 149,037 9,498 8,309 6.1 5.3

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 57,367 59,014 1,741 1,404 2.9 2.3

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 23,447 24,829 721 572 3.0 2.3

Professional and related occupations.......................... 33,920 34,185 1,020 832 2.9 2.4

Service occupations................................................ 25,342 25,739 2,082 1,766 7.6 6.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,114 33,579 1,941 1,870 5.5 5.3

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,394 15,571 950 822 5.8 5.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,721 18,007 991 1,049 5.3 5.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,007 13,327 1,433 1,249 9.9 8.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 983 906 212 166 17.7 15.5

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,190 7,465 901 863 11.1 10.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,834 4,955 320 220 6.2 4.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,722 17,379 1,379 1,281 7.2 6.9

Production occupations.......................................... 8,573 8,340 642 541 7.0 6.1

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,149 9,040 737 739 7.5 7.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 9,498 8,309 6.1 5.3

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 7,334 6,496 6.0 5.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 64 79 6.0 8.1

Construction.......................................................................... 811 729 9.8 8.5

Manufacturing........................................................................ 811 669 5.2 4.3

Durable goods..................................................................... 480 426 4.9 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................ 331 243 5.8 4.2

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,289 1,230 6.2 6.0

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 330 337 5.2 5.1

Information............................................................................ 128 129 4.4 4.6

Financial activities................................................................... 279 295 3.0 3.1

Professional and business services............................................... 1,069 886 6.8 5.6

Education and health services..................................................... 898 751 4.0 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,260 1,056 9.4 7.7

Other services........................................................................ 394 336 6.1 5.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 206 196 13.3 13.0

Government workers................................................................... 604 512 2.8 2.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 467 394 4.7 4.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.7 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 6.1 4.8 5.3 5.7 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.5 5.2 5.7 6.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 7.4 5.9 6.5 7.0 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.2

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 12.0 9.8 10.5 11.3 10.0 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 93,674 95,051 37,708 38,566 55,966 56,485

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,467 6,166 3,030 2,939 3,437 3,227

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 2,234 2,089 1,215 1,172 1,019 917

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 682 623 463 413 219 210

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,552 1,466 751 759 800 707

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,289 7,314 3,556 3,560 3,734 3,754

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.5 5.4 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,927 3,925 2,185 2,162 1,742 1,763

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,929 1,976 609 676 1,321 1,300

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 172 232 87 130 85 102

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,222 1,122 658 560 564 562

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Change

from:

Dec.2015 -

Jan.2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,511 144,122 144,112 141,123 140,623 142,875 143,137 143,288 151

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,688 121,611 121,705 119,230 118,669 120,847 121,098 121,256 158

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,033 19,747 19,593 19,215 19,552 19,634 19,688 19,728 40

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877 776 765 743 890 771 764 757 -7

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6 51.7 51.1 49.2 52.4 50.3 50.6 50.1 -0.5

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.6 723.8 714.1 694.1 837.4 720.4 713.4 706.8 -6.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.6 184.8 184.8 182.8 198.7 185.0 183.8 183.0 -0.8

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.2 193.5 188.6 182.1 206.1 192.4 191.5 190.7 -0.8

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 62.1 60.7 58.8 69.2 62.0 60.8 59.6 -1.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.6 39.5 39.8 39.7 43.8 39.9 39.9 39.7 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.0 91.9 88.1 83.6 93.1 90.6 90.8 91.3 0.5

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.8 345.5 340.7 329.2 432.6 343.0 338.1 333.1 -5.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,953 6,654 6,508 6,218 6,351 6,549 6,597 6,615 18

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,351.8 1,446.6 1,434.1 1,395.1 1,411.0 1,428.3 1,439.2 1,452.0 12.8

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655.8 712.9 706.1 685.0 687.1 702.2 708.5 716.0 7.5

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696.0 733.7 728.0 710.1 723.9 726.1 730.7 736.0 5.3

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 826.8 968.4 908.8 833.8 931.5 939.6 943.8 938.6 -5.2

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,774.3 4,239.4 4,164.7 3,988.9 4,008.0 4,180.9 4,214.2 4,224.4 10.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,621.1 1,842.7 1,813.0 1,739.8 1,734.8 1,821.1 1,842.8 1,855.4 12.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,153.2 2,396.7 2,351.7 2,249.1 2,273.2 2,359.8 2,371.4 2,369.0 -2.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,203 12,317 12,320 12,254 12,311 12,314 12,327 12,356 29

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,710 7,732 7,732 7,698 7,764 7,733 7,734 7,751 17

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.1 385.9 385.2 378.8 379.1 383.7 385.5 384.0 -1.5

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.7 403.1 397.3 389.1 391.7 400.2 401.3 403.3 2.0

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.6 385.5 384.4 384.0 402.6 385.9 384.5 384.0 -0.5

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,462.5 1,441.7 1,442.4 1,441.6 1,472.5 1,444.4 1,444.0 1,450.5 6.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,137.2 1,105.0 1,103.3 1,097.6 1,139.5 1,106.0 1,101.9 1,099.6 -2.3

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,048.7 1,039.8 1,041.0 1,038.9 1,052.9 1,041.4 1,041.4 1,043.2 1.8

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 159.5 154.8 156.2 156.7 159.7 155.5 156.5 157.4 0.9

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 86.3 85.9 85.2 89.4 86.2 85.7 85.3 -0.4

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.4 366.0 365.3 365.4 370.1 366.3 365.4 366.9 1.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.3 397.7 398.3 396.7 396.5 398.6 398.9 398.8 -0.1

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.2 35.0 35.3 34.9 37.3 34.8 34.9 34.9 0.0

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 380.1 382.4 384.8 385.4 380.7 382.4 384.4 386.1 1.7

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,576.7 1,605.9 1,607.3 1,600.2 1,584.4 1,606.3 1,605.1 1,609.2 4.1

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890.5 919.0 919.0 914.8 895.0 918.0 917.7 921.2 3.5

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.8 383.7 386.2 385.4 376.6 385.5 387.2 390.4 3.2

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579.9 599.3 600.1 596.5 583.9 597.4 599.0 600.8 1.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,493 4,585 4,588 4,556 4,547 4,581 4,593 4,605 12

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,475.1 1,513.2 1,511.6 1,501.3 1,502.8 1,511.3 1,514.2 1,525.1 10.9

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.3 115.3 115.1 115.0 118.0 115.3 115.5 116.5 1.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.9 118.0 117.3 116.6 115.8 116.9 116.8 118.3 1.5

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.6 136.7 136.9 135.3 138.1 136.2 136.0 134.9 -1.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.8 373.1 374.0 372.0 371.8 373.3 373.4 373.2 -0.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 447.5 451.3 451.5 447.9 449.8 449.4 449.3 450.0 0.7

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.1 117.4 115.2 112.2 114.4 116.8 117.1 116.5 -0.6

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 811.1 815.2 815.5 806.1 812.3 815.0 817.1 2.1

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678.7 686.4 689.2 686.9 683.3 687.8 690.7 691.5 0.8

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.7 262.2 262.4 253.4 246.6 261.5 265.0 261.4 -3.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,655 101,864 102,112 100,015 99,117 101,213 101,410 101,528 118

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,544 27,596 27,864 26,986 26,698 27,087 27,109 27,154 45

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,803.3 5,907.8 5,907.3 5,862.4 5,853.1 5,897.3 5,902.4 5,911.2 8.8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,910.6 2,942.1 2,948.2 2,931.6 2,926.4 2,942.9 2,945.1 2,946.3 1.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,994.0 2,058.6 2,049.3 2,029.5 2,020.2 2,049.6 2,051.4 2,056.0 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Change

from:

Dec.2015 -

Jan.2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.7 907.1 909.8 901.3 906.5 904.8 905.9 908.9 3.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,414.9 16,168.7 16,301.3 15,717.3 15,510.0 15,754.2 15,753.4 15,811.1 57.7

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,876.1 1,964.2 1,963.6 1,956.2 1,903.3 1,965.7 1,974.6 1,982.4 7.8

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,208.6 1,265.4 1,268.6 1,263.6 1,218.6 1,263.9 1,271.6 1,273.4 1.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.3 145.2 143.0 141.5 142.2 149.4 151.0 152.5 1.5

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 536.2 553.6 552.0 551.1 542.5 552.4 552.0 556.5 4.5

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 465.8 485.1 490.2 477.2 463.4 469.5 467.7 475.0 7.3

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 530.8 555.8 553.8 553.2 512.4 527.2 524.5 533.1 8.6

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,168.2 1,221.9 1,221.7 1,194.2 1,231.5 1,248.5 1,257.4 1,256.7 -0.7

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,038.1 3,087.2 3,088.1 3,047.5 3,050.5 3,065.4 3,061.6 3,062.4 0.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,034.9 1,045.2 1,057.5 1,041.6 1,032.5 1,033.2 1,036.9 1,038.1 1.2

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882.3 912.6 911.5 903.6 894.2 911.3 914.4 915.5 1.1

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,357.0 1,492.2 1,516.2 1,376.6 1,351.6 1,376.8 1,358.9 1,372.2 13.3

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629.8 684.1 692.7 632.8 629.0 627.3 626.2 629.8 3.6

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,126.5 3,320.1 3,382.0 3,187.0 3,113.9 3,169.4 3,161.8 3,177.2 15.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,366.5 1,414.3 1,465.1 1,352.2 1,342.7 1,321.0 1,316.1 1,329.3 13.2

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,760.0 1,905.8 1,916.9 1,834.8 1,771.2 1,848.3 1,845.7 1,847.9 2.2

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.2 851.3 863.3 820.0 824.4 837.2 844.8 839.5 -5.3

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.2 549.0 560.7 527.4 503.3 522.7 524.6 529.2 4.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,773.1 4,956.8 5,092.3 4,844.9 4,780.6 4,872.3 4,889.3 4,869.0 -20.3

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447.0 460.1 460.9 459.2 449.5 461.2 461.9 461.9 0.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244.5 233.8 228.5 228.1 245.3 233.9 229.3 228.8 -0.5

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 61.1 60.7 59.4 67.1 61.9 61.5 61.3 -0.2

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,416.7 1,469.6 1,462.6 1,435.2 1,448.0 1,460.3 1,464.2 1,465.7 1.5

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.1 489.5 490.2 482.2 475.4 472.4 473.0 470.7 -2.3

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 49.8 50.3 50.3 47.5 49.8 50.4 50.5 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 24.0 25.8 24.2 20.7 31.3 30.5 29.4 28.8 -0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 631.0 659.3 657.9 645.6 633.9 656.1 653.8 650.3 -3.5

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.8 656.0 792.2 632.1 601.2 613.8 624.4 610.0 -14.4

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774.4 851.8 864.8 832.1 781.4 832.4 841.4 841.0 -0.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.0 562.5 563.1 561.4 554.6 562.8 563.4 563.1 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,703 2,767 2,769 2,727 2,734 2,753 2,761 2,762 1

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 723.8 726.1 727.8 724.0 726.2 724.2 724.5 726.5 2.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.8 399.9 402.5 373.5 387.2 395.0 405.1 402.4 -2.7

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278.7 280.0 280.9 277.7 279.8 278.8 279.4 278.8 -0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814.4 810.4 807.4 803.1 814.9 806.6 804.3 804.3 0.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289.7 301.3 300.1 296.9 290.7 300.6 299.0 298.9 -0.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.1 248.9 250.4 252.1 235.4 248.1 249.1 251.1 2.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,008 8,183 8,201 8,157 8,061 8,182 8,192 8,210 18

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,981.1 6,090.1 6,101.5 6,087.4 5,989.3 6,078.8 6,085.5 6,096.9 11.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 17.8 17.9 17.9 17.8 18.0 17.8 17.9 17.9 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,560.5 2,573.2 2,579.6 2,578.8 2,562.5 2,572.2 2,574.0 2,581.0 7.0

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,688.2 1,676.2 1,678.0 1,677.8 1,686.9 1,677.3 1,676.4 1,676.3 -0.1

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,283.9 1,264.3 1,265.3 1,263.9 1,282.4 1,264.7 1,264.2 1,262.0 -2.2

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 584.1 600.9 602.3 600.6 586.0 599.1 599.7 603.1 3.4

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 288.2 296.1 299.3 300.4 289.6 295.8 297.9 301.6 3.7

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 893.2 919.5 922.6 917.9 895.9 918.9 920.6 920.9 0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,509.6 2,579.5 2,581.4 2,572.9 2,512.9 2,569.9 2,573.0 2,577.1 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,027.1 2,092.8 2,099.9 2,070.0 2,071.6 2,103.2 2,106.5 2,113.3 6.8

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,478.5 1,529.6 1,541.3 1,519.1 1,503.8 1,534.4 1,539.1 1,543.6 4.5

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525.4 539.3 534.7 527.9 544.2 545.0 543.8 546.1 2.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.2 23.9 23.9 23.0 23.6 23.8 23.6 23.6 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Change

from:

Dec.2015 -

Jan.2016p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,033 20,081 20,082 19,656 19,370 19,921 19,981 19,990 9

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,480.9 8,737.7 8,787.2 8,782.2 8,478.5 8,742.2 8,755.6 8,780.9 25.3

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,107.5 1,126.4 1,130.0 1,114.5 1,115.2 1,123.8 1,124.2 1,122.8 -1.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,033.7 961.7 1,000.6 1,084.4 958.2 1,009.9 1,004.5 1,010.3 5.8

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,377.5 1,424.5 1,422.5 1,408.8 1,394.3 1,420.1 1,423.3 1,426.1 2.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.3 140.0 141.8 137.2 129.7 138.8 140.0 140.8 0.8

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,853.1 1,960.3 1,954.9 1,949.2 1,858.0 1,948.4 1,951.5 1,954.9 3.4

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,234.1 1,303.5 1,314.3 1,285.2 1,250.7 1,291.4 1,299.8 1,302.0 2.2

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641.9 660.7 661.9 655.9 648.5 661.7 662.1 662.5 0.4

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.2 493.0 493.4 491.3 476.2 491.0 491.1 495.2 4.1

Other professional and technical services. . . 635.6 667.6 667.8 655.7 647.7 657.2 659.1 666.3 7.2

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,181.3 2,245.3 2,249.9 2,243.0 2,188.0 2,244.6 2,245.5 2,249.8 4.3

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,370.8 9,098.3 9,044.9 8,630.7 8,703.4 8,933.9 8,980.1 8,959.0 -21.1

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 7,986.9 8,696.5 8,644.7 8,237.7 8,312.3 8,531.9 8,576.5 8,558.2 -18.3

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.6 478.2 481.9 483.3 465.6 478.2 482.1 486.0 3.9

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.4 143.9 143.4 141.8 135.4 143.8 143.8 143.2 -0.6

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,340.4 3,713.9 3,748.1 3,453.7 3,485.9 3,587.7 3,621.5 3,592.7 -28.8

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,712.9 3,033.4 3,058.2 2,800.8 2,837.0 2,919.2 2,944.3 2,919.1 -25.2

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890.1 921.7 921.6 902.8 887.3 900.5 897.9 900.5 2.6

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.8 201.4 200.9 196.8 198.0 201.2 202.3 201.1 -1.2

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 857.0 884.0 886.9 880.9 864.5 872.8 881.6 887.3 5.7

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,808.0 2,038.4 1,949.2 1,865.5 1,970.7 2,029.9 2,030.3 2,031.1 0.8

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.6 315.0 312.7 312.9 305.0 317.9 317.0 316.2 -0.8

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.9 401.8 400.2 393.0 391.1 402.0 403.6 400.8 -2.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,601 22,569 22,557 22,230 21,731 22,315 22,369 22,375 6

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,338.1 3,674.9 3,611.6 3,355.6 3,427.1 3,485.6 3,495.1 3,456.6 -38.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,263.1 18,893.7 18,945.4 18,873.9 18,304.1 18,829.3 18,874.1 18,918.1 44.0

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,827.6 15,310.9 15,354.4 15,294.5 14,869.4 15,267.0 15,302.3 15,339.1 36.8

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 6,731.3 6,995.2 7,019.1 6,978.2 6,752.2 6,967.5 6,989.2 6,999.9 10.7

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,494.6 2,573.3 2,582.4 2,572.3 2,497.0 2,564.2 2,568.0 2,574.0 6.0

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895.4 919.7 927.3 921.1 898.6 917.3 925.9 924.4 -1.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 794.2 825.1 829.8 827.6 798.3 823.7 827.0 831.1 4.1

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728.9 759.0 763.2 758.9 730.6 757.4 760.9 760.5 -0.4

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 253.8 260.9 260.7 255.0 254.3 261.1 259.7 256.0 -3.7

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,284.8 1,361.2 1,362.5 1,353.2 1,291.5 1,349.6 1,354.1 1,360.4 6.3

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279.6 296.0 293.2 290.1 282.0 294.2 293.7 293.5 -0.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,827.4 4,998.2 5,009.2 5,015.9 4,834.9 4,987.6 5,000.0 5,023.7 23.7

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,268.9 3,317.5 3,326.1 3,300.4 3,282.3 3,311.9 3,313.1 3,315.5 2.4

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,645.9 1,663.4 1,664.8 1,651.9 1,652.8 1,659.2 1,660.1 1,659.2 -0.9

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 603.3 610.2 609.8 608.1 605.9 609.3 608.7 610.6 1.9

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859.9 882.2 888.4 879.8 862.0 882.0 881.7 883.3 1.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 159.8 161.7 163.1 160.6 161.7 161.4 162.6 162.4 -0.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,435.5 3,582.8 3,591.0 3,579.4 3,434.7 3,562.3 3,571.8 3,579.0 7.2

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,078.0 2,190.4 2,198.3 2,189.6 2,080.0 2,186.4 2,192.2 2,193.3 1.1

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 152.1 154.7 157.1 157.3 153.0 155.0 155.8 158.0 2.2

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 332.5 334.1 335.1 331.7 336.5 334.6 335.4 335.4 0.0

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872.9 903.6 900.5 900.8 865.2 886.2 888.4 892.3 3.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,234 15,034 14,996 14,670 14,924 15,307 15,338 15,382 44

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,889.9 2,045.7 2,027.6 1,939.2 2,124.3 2,196.0 2,191.3 2,186.2 -5.1

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 393.5 448.7 445.9 407.5 440.1 460.9 463.1 459.5 -3.6

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.7 147.4 145.6 139.6 149.7 152.2 152.5 151.9 -0.6

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,358.7 1,449.6 1,436.1 1,392.1 1,534.5 1,582.9 1,575.7 1,574.8 -0.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,343.9 12,988.4 12,968.8 12,731.1 12,799.9 13,110.9 13,147.0 13,195.8 48.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Change

from:

Dec.2015 -

Jan.2016p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,817.3 1,866.0 1,858.7 1,831.1 1,915.6 1,926.4 1,925.9 1,928.0 2.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,526.6 11,122.4 11,110.1 10,900.0 10,884.3 11,184.5 11,221.1 11,267.8 46.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,532 5,634 5,643 5,589 5,599 5,648 5,660 5,655 -5

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248.7 1,281.7 1,283.1 1,268.3 1,262.4 1,285.3 1,289.9 1,283.2 -6.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,371.6 1,412.2 1,417.6 1,396.3 1,389.9 1,413.6 1,417.0 1,414.0 -3.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,911.8 2,940.5 2,942.0 2,924.3 2,947.1 2,948.6 2,953.3 2,957.8 4.5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,823 22,511 22,407 21,893 21,954 22,028 22,039 22,032 -7

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,729.0 2,755.0 2,785.0 2,741.0 2,743.0 2,758.0 2,766.0 2,758.0 -8.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136.4 2,156.3 2,163.4 2,146.0 2,151.9 2,159.8 2,163.1 2,160.4 -2.7

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.5 598.9 621.6 595.4 590.7 598.6 603.2 597.2 -6.0

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,001.0 5,294.0 5,230.0 5,004.0 5,092.0 5,110.0 5,109.0 5,099.0 -10.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,341.3 2,628.0 2,567.3 2,350.5 2,420.1 2,435.6 2,437.0 2,432.2 -4.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,659.2 2,666.1 2,662.5 2,653.7 2,671.5 2,674.8 2,672.2 2,667.0 -5.2

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,093.0 14,462.0 14,392.0 14,148.0 14,119.0 14,160.0 14,164.0 14,175.0 11.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,928.1 8,165.7 8,124.7 7,912.9 7,822.7 7,814.8 7,812.4 7,810.5 -1.9

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,164.6 6,296.6 6,267.1 6,235.2 6,296.1 6,345.4 6,351.6 6,364.6 13.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.6 34.5 34.5 34.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.5 40.3 40.4 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.5 44.1 44.1 43.5

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 39.1 39.7 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.0 40.7 40.6 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.5 41.0 41.1 41.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 40.0 39.8 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.4 33.4 33.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.6 34.6 34.6 34.7

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.9 38.9 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.4 31.4 31.3 31.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.9 39.1 39.1

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.6 42.4 42.5

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.1 36.0 36.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.6 37.6 37.7

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.1 36.2 36.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.3 26.2 26.2 26.2

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.9 31.9 32.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Total private............................................... $24.76 $25.27 $25.27 $25.39 $856.70 $871.82 $871.82 $878.49

Goods-producing....................................... 25.90 26.47 26.45 26.51 1,048.95 1,066.74 1,068.58 1,068.35

Mining and logging.................................. 30.70 31.75 31.33 31.77 1,366.15 1,400.18 1,381.65 1,382.00

Construction.......................................... 27.03 27.62 27.59 27.59 1,054.17 1,079.94 1,095.32 1,084.29

Manufacturing........................................ 24.97 25.52 25.53 25.61 1,023.77 1,038.66 1,036.52 1,042.33

Durable goods.................................... 26.30 26.80 26.85 26.93 1,091.45 1,098.80 1,103.54 1,106.82

Nondurable goods................................ 22.62 23.30 23.25 23.33 909.32 932.00 925.35 930.87

Private service-providing.............................. 24.49 24.99 24.99 25.13 817.97 834.67 834.67 841.86

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.61 22.02 22.05 22.12 747.71 761.89 762.93 767.56

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.31 28.81 28.80 28.94 1,101.26 1,120.71 1,120.32 1,128.66

Retail trade........................................ 17.33 17.69 17.75 17.81 544.16 555.47 555.58 559.23

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.79 23.07 23.07 23.14 884.25 897.42 902.04 904.77

Utilities............................................. 36.08 37.94 37.68 37.81 1,526.18 1,616.24 1,597.63 1,606.93

Information........................................... 34.57 35.79 35.90 36.06 1,261.81 1,292.02 1,292.40 1,305.37

Financial activities................................... 31.16 31.84 31.88 32.19 1,168.50 1,197.18 1,198.69 1,213.56

Professional and business services.............. 29.77 30.39 30.28 30.50 1,077.67 1,097.08 1,096.14 1,107.15

Education and health services..................... 25.03 25.49 25.48 25.55 820.98 836.07 838.29 840.60

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.16 14.47 14.50 14.61 372.41 379.11 379.90 382.78

Other services....................................... 22.21 22.68 22.71 22.80 708.50 723.49 724.45 729.60

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2015 -

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2015 -

Jan.

2016p

Total private..................................... 103.1 104.6 104.9 105.3 0.4 122.0 126.4 126.7 127.8 0.9

Goods-producing............................. 90.2 90.1 90.6 90.6 0.0 105.6 107.8 108.3 108.5 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 124.5 106.8 105.9 103.5 -2.3 153.4 136.2 133.2 132.0 -0.9

Construction................................ 85.4 88.3 90.3 89.6 -0.8 100.3 105.9 108.2 107.4 -0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 90.8 90.2 90.0 90.5 0.6 105.4 107.0 106.9 107.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 90.7 89.3 89.5 89.7 0.2 106.0 106.2 106.7 107.3 0.6

Nondurable goods...................... 91.2 91.4 91.2 91.7 0.5 104.7 108.1 107.6 108.5 0.8

Private service-providing.................... 106.5 108.8 109.0 109.4 0.4 126.8 132.1 132.3 133.6 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 100.5 101.9 102.0 102.5 0.5 116.9 120.8 121.1 122.0 0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 99.3 100.1 100.2 100.6 0.4 117.4 120.3 120.4 121.5 0.9

Retail trade.............................. 98.9 100.5 100.2 100.8 0.6 113.3 117.5 117.5 118.7 1.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 106.2 108.5 109.4 109.0 -0.4 122.8 127.0 128.1 128.0 -0.1

Utilities.................................... 101.5 103.7 103.4 103.5 0.1 121.0 130.0 128.7 129.4 0.5

Information................................. 91.1 90.8 90.8 91.3 0.6 112.2 115.7 116.0 117.2 1.0

Financial activities......................... 99.0 100.8 100.9 101.4 0.5 120.3 125.1 125.4 127.3 1.5

Professional and business services..... 110.3 113.1 113.8 114.1 0.3 133.0 139.3 139.6 141.0 1.0

Education and health services........... 116.4 119.5 120.2 120.2 0.0 140.1 146.5 147.2 147.7 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 112.0 114.4 114.7 115.0 0.3 127.9 133.6 134.1 135.5 1.0

Other services............................. 103.0 103.9 104.1 104.3 0.2 125.4 129.1 129.6 130.4 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Total nonfarm............................................. 69,312 70,531 70,665 70,782 49.3 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private............................................ 56,768 57,926 58,048 58,171 47.8 47.9 47.9 48.0

Goods-producing.................................... 4,275 4,279 4,284 4,298 21.9 21.8 21.8 21.8

Mining and logging............................... 121 109 109 108 13.6 14.1 14.3 14.3

Construction....................................... 804 815 815 823 12.7 12.4 12.4 12.4

Manufacturing..................................... 3,350 3,355 3,360 3,367 27.2 27.2 27.3 27.2

Durable goods.................................. 1,799 1,799 1,799 1,802 23.2 23.3 23.3 23.2

Nondurable goods............................. 1,551 1,556 1,561 1,565 34.1 34.0 34.0 34.0

Private service-providing........................... 52,493 53,647 53,764 53,873 53.0 53.0 53.0 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,794 10,964 10,971 11,013 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,713.9 1,735.2 1,734.7 1,738.1 29.3 29.4 29.4 29.4

Retail trade..................................... 7,812.0 7,932.6 7,928.2 7,988.6 50.4 50.4 50.3 50.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,134.7 1,161.4 1,172.5 1,150.8 23.7 23.8 24.0 23.6

Utilities........................................... 133.6 134.4 135.2 135.1 24.1 23.9 24.0 24.0

Information......................................... 1,103 1,105 1,106 1,107 40.3 40.1 40.1 40.1

Financial activities................................ 4,608 4,667 4,673 4,687 57.2 57.0 57.0 57.1

Professional and business services............ 8,605 8,875 8,910 8,923 44.4 44.6 44.6 44.6

Education and health services.................. 16,708 17,174 17,220 17,230 76.9 77.0 77.0 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,748 7,915 7,933 7,957 51.9 51.7 51.7 51.7

Other services..................................... 2,927 2,947 2,951 2,956 52.3 52.2 52.1 52.3

Government............................................. 12,544 12,605 12,617 12,611 57.1 57.2 57.2 57.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Total private............................................................................... 97,886 99,566 99,811 99,893

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,086 14,159 14,215 14,222

Mining and logging.................................................................. 649 559 555 547

Construction.......................................................................... 4,769 4,939 4,990 4,980

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,668 8,661 8,670 8,695

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,345 5,327 5,329 5,339

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,323 3,334 3,341 3,356

Private service-providing.............................................................. 83,800 85,407 85,596 85,671

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,489 22,777 22,808 22,807

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,716.1 4,726.7 4,730.9 4,734.3

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,187.1 13,371.6 13,375.0 13,416.9

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,138.8 4,227.3 4,249.8 4,205.0

Utilities.............................................................................. 446.8 450.9 452.6 451.1

Information............................................................................ 2,216 2,229 2,233 2,227

Financial activities................................................................... 6,222 6,334 6,336 6,356

Professional and business services............................................... 15,990 16,328 16,400 16,438

Education and health services..................................................... 19,074 19,575 19,625 19,630

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,147 13,467 13,486 13,516

Other services........................................................................ 4,662 4,697 4,708 4,697

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.8 33.7 33.8 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.5 41.2 41.4 41.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.8 45.6 45.9 45.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.7 39.8 40.3 39.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.1 41.7 41.7 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.5 42.1 42.1 42.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.5 41.2 41.0 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.7 33.7 33.8 33.7

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.5 38.7 38.5

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.1 30.1 30.0 30.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.9 39.2 39.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 42.6 42.5 42.7

Information......................................................................... 35.9 35.6 35.6 35.8

Financial activities................................................................ 36.8 37.1 37.2 37.2

Professional and business services............................................ 35.6 35.5 35.5 35.6

Education and health services.................................................. 32.1 32.1 32.2 32.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.2 25.0 25.1 25.0

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.7 30.8 30.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Total private............................................... $20.81 $21.23 $21.27 $21.33 $703.38 $715.45 $718.93 $720.95

Goods-producing....................................... 21.73 22.16 22.21 22.17 901.80 912.99 919.49 915.62

Mining and logging.................................. 26.55 26.61 26.55 26.74 1,242.54 1,213.42 1,218.65 1,222.02

Construction.......................................... 24.95 25.43 25.43 25.35 990.52 1,012.11 1,024.83 1,008.93

Manufacturing........................................ 19.65 20.07 20.11 20.13 827.27 836.92 838.59 841.43

Durable goods.................................... 20.73 21.10 21.15 21.21 881.03 888.31 890.42 897.18

Nondurable goods................................ 17.89 18.39 18.40 18.36 742.44 757.67 754.40 756.43

Private service-providing.............................. 20.62 21.03 21.07 21.15 670.15 681.37 684.78 687.38

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.49 18.79 18.84 18.87 623.11 633.22 636.79 635.92

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.41 23.75 23.85 23.95 903.63 914.38 923.00 922.08

Retail trade........................................ 14.65 14.94 14.96 14.99 440.97 449.69 448.80 451.20

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.71 20.87 20.88 20.95 795.26 811.84 818.50 817.05

Utilities............................................. 33.12 34.66 34.57 34.56 1,397.66 1,476.52 1,469.23 1,475.71

Information........................................... 28.70 29.52 29.61 29.66 1,030.33 1,050.91 1,054.12 1,061.83

Financial activities................................... 25.06 25.61 25.70 25.97 922.21 950.13 956.04 966.08

Professional and business services.............. 24.46 25.05 25.03 25.11 870.78 889.28 888.57 893.92

Education and health services..................... 21.89 22.27 22.31 22.34 702.67 714.87 718.38 721.58

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.30 12.55 12.58 12.67 309.96 313.75 315.76 316.75

Other services....................................... 18.79 19.14 19.18 19.19 576.85 587.60 590.74 587.21

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2015 -

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015p

Jan.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2015 -

Jan.

2016p

Total private..................................... 110.2 111.8 112.4 112.5 0.1 153.3 158.6 159.8 160.4 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 89.3 89.1 89.9 89.8 -0.1 118.9 121.0 122.3 121.8 -0.4

Mining and logging........................ 161.4 135.5 135.4 132.8 -1.9 249.2 209.6 209.0 206.6 -1.1

Construction................................ 94.8 98.4 100.7 99.2 -1.5 127.7 135.2 138.3 135.8 -1.8

Manufacturing.............................. 83.8 82.9 83.0 83.4 0.5 107.7 108.8 109.1 109.8 0.6

Durable goods........................... 85.4 84.3 84.3 84.9 0.7 110.5 111.0 111.3 112.4 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 81.3 80.9 80.7 81.5 1.0 102.7 105.2 104.9 105.7 0.8

Private service-providing.................... 116.0 117.8 118.5 118.6 0.1 164.0 170.0 171.2 172.0 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 105.7 107.0 107.5 107.1 -0.4 139.4 143.4 144.4 144.2 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 107.2 107.2 107.8 107.3 -0.5 147.8 149.9 151.5 151.4 -0.1

Retail trade.............................. 100.5 101.9 101.6 102.2 0.6 126.2 130.5 130.2 131.3 0.8

Transportation and warehousing...... 119.6 123.8 125.4 123.4 -1.6 157.2 163.9 166.1 164.1 -1.2

Utilities.................................... 96.4 98.2 98.4 98.5 0.1 133.3 142.1 141.9 142.1 0.1

Information................................. 90.8 90.6 90.7 91.0 0.3 129.0 132.4 133.0 133.6 0.5

Financial activities......................... 107.8 110.6 111.0 111.3 0.3 166.2 174.3 175.4 177.8 1.4

Professional and business services..... 127.6 129.9 130.5 131.2 0.5 185.7 193.7 194.4 196.0 0.8

Education and health services........... 130.5 133.9 134.7 135.2 0.4 188.6 196.9 198.4 199.3 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 121.4 123.3 124.0 123.8 -0.2 169.5 175.8 177.1 178.1 0.6

Other services............................. 100.4 101.1 101.7 100.8 -0.9 137.4 141.0 142.1 140.9 -0.8

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.