J-A31012-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: A.W., A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 : PENNSYLVANIA

:

APPEAL OF: D.W., MOTHER : No. 2031 EDA 2017

Appeal from the Order Entered May 30, 2017

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County

Family Court at No(s): CP-51-DP-0032309-2010

BEFORE: PANELLA, J., and OLSON, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED FEBRUARY 02, 2018

D.W. (“Mother”) appeals the order of the Court of Common Pleas of 

Philadelphia County, entered May 30, 2017, that temporarily suspended 

Mother’s supervised visitation with her son A.W. (“Child”), born in July 2009,

pending the implementation of therapeutic visits.1 We affirm.

Child has been in foster care since March 2010, when Mother, a minor 

at that time, and Child resided at People’s Emergency Center. Philadelphia’s 

Department of Human Services (“DHS”) obtained an Order of Protective 

Custody and placed Child in foster care on March 15, 2010, after learning 

Mother had left Child in the care of another minor resident of the Center 

while she went to school. Mother had unsupervised visits with Child until 

September 2016, when visits were modified to line-of-sight/line-of-hearing 

supervised visits at the agency.

 



 Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1

 The order also requires Mother to stay away from a certain caseworker, 

but Mother does not contest that part of the order.
J-A31012-17

2

DHS filed an application for an emergency permanency review hearing 

on April 27, 2017, in which it sought a stay-away order against Mother to 

protect the Community Umbrella Agency case manager, Jazzmine Mowatt, 

and a change in visits between Mother and Child. The trial court approved 

the request and the hearing took place on May 30, 2017. 

Ms. Mowatt was the first witness to testify at the hearing. She had 

been the family’s case manager for almost three years. She stated DHS was 

seeking a stay-away order, on her behalf, against Mother after Mother 

threatened her at a hearing. Ms. Mowatt testified a security guard had to 

escort her to her car because Mother followed, harassed, and verbally 

threatened her as she left court. Ms. Mowatt thought the impetus behind 

Mother’s behavior toward her was that Child’s goal had been changed to 

adoption.

The incident outside the courtroom caused her to feel unsafe around 

Mother. She discussed her concerns and her possible removal from the case 

with her supervisor; however, it was determined that she would remain as 

case manager because she has a bond with the Child, and Child would be 

adversely affected if she were removed from the case. 

Ms. Mowatt also had concerns about Mother’s behavior toward Child. 

She related how Child had acted up at home after a visit with Mother on May 

6, 2017, when Mother referred to Child as “spoiled” and called him “fat.” 
J-A31012-17

3

Because of those disparaging remarks, Child told his foster mother that he 

needed to work out because he was overweight. 

Mother engaged in other behaviors that negatively affected Child. She 

recalled an incident of domestic violence between Mother and her boyfriend 

in which police were called and about which Child expressed fears to his 

therapist. Ms. Mowatt testified she did not believe that suspending Mother’s 

visits would have a negative effect on Child, explaining that Child has a bond 

with and feels safe with his foster mother and is calmer without Mother’s 

negative influence. 

In response to questions from the Child Advocate, Ms. Mowatt stated 

that Mother refused to abide by Agency rules during supervised visitation, 

refused to clean up after herself, and was uncooperative with agency staff. 

On cross-examination by Mother’s attorney, Ms. Mowatt noted that,

although Mother had had unsupervised visits with the Child since he was 

eight months old, “She’s had supervised for quite some time now.” And she 

explained that a visitation coach is assigned to every visit and that they tell 

her that Mother is hostile toward them and uncooperative. 

Quincy Marshall, a visitation coach for Turning Points for Children, 

testified that the visits he observed had been appropriate, and that there 

were no issues regarding Mother’s behavior during the visits. 

Janet Cotton, Child’s trauma therapist, testified she had concerns 

about Mother’s visits and recommended the visits cease. Ms. Cotton stated 
J-A31012-17

4

the Child began to experience self-esteem issues following the early May 

visit with Mother when she referred to him as “fat” and “spoiled.” She 

related how he had begun to display regressive behavior, such as urinating 

on items in his foster mother’s home. He had also begun to exhibit risktaking and self-harming behaviors, such as hanging out of a car window, 

going face first down a flight of stairs, and shoving tissues so far up his nose 

that he damaged his mucus membranes. Ms. Cotton recommended visitation 

stop because it is a threat to Child’s emotional and physical well-being. 

Ms. Cotton further testified Child has undergone a psychological 

evaluation to address these concerns, and that she was in the process of 

implementing services to help him become more stable in the foster home. 

Ms. Cotton stated that in all the years that she has worked with Child, she 

has never before seen this type of behavior from him. When asked by the 

court what she believed was the event that may have triggered Child’s 

change in behavior, Ms. Cotton replied it was the visits in which Mother was 

disrespectful toward the agency staff in front of the Child, and after she 

made the negative comments to him about being “spoiled” and “fat.” Ms. 

Cotton further related how behavior toward his foster parent significantly 

worsened, becoming defiant and aggressive after this visit with Mother. 

Ms. Cotton was unable to provide a timeframe for how long the 

suspension of visits would last, explaining it would depend on the length of 

time it would take to stabilize Child. In response to a question by the Child 
J-A31012-17

5

Advocate, Ms. Cotton answered Mother had not been actively involved in 

Child’s therapy, and that she would have to prepare and meet with her 

individually before she could begin joint sessions with Child. Ms. Cotton 

explained Child is in a loyalty bind between caregivers. And that bind 

precludes permanency and stability in his life. 

Mother was the last witness to testify. She gave a different account of 

the incident with Ms. Mowatt after the last court hearing. She claimed she 

merely approached Ms. Mowatt to ask her what was going on with the case, 

and that Ms. Mowatt responded by telling her to get out of her face, and 

claiming that she was threatening her. Mother denied threatening Ms. 

Mowatt. Mother also stated she had been trying to have Ms. Mowatt 

removed from the case, but her supervisor denied her multiple requests. 

She asked for the removal because she was never able to get in contact 

with, or have a timely response from Ms. Mowatt. She claimed that when 

Ms. Mowatt did respond, it was with aggression or attitude toward her. 

At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court found Ms. Cotton to be 

credible and Mother to be not credible. 

The trial court entered the order complained of, which suspended 

Mother’s visitation with Child and ordered Mother to stay away from Ms. 

Mowatt. Mother timely filed her notice of appeal and concise statement of 

errors complained of on appeal. 

Mother presents the following questions for our review:
J-A31012-17

6

A. Whether the court erred in suspending Mother’s visits with 

[Child], when there was no evidence or testimony that there was 

a grave threat to [Child].

B. Whether the errors committed by the [court] deprived 

[Mother] of her rights to due process and equal protection under 

the law.

Mother’s Brief, at 3.

[T]he standard of review in dependency cases requires an 

appellate court to accept the findings of fact and credibility 

determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the 

record, but does not require the appellate court to accept the 

lower court’s inferences or conclusions of law. Accordingly, we 

review for an abuse of discretion.

In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010) (citation omitted).

Our review of the record in this matter reveals DHS presented 

sufficient evidence to support the court’s order of a “temporary restriction of 

Mother’s visits, until she could be integrated into therapeutic visits as soon 

as they can be arranged by Janet Cotton, Trauma Therapist.” Trial Court 

Opinion, 9/18/17, at 20. 

After examining the record, the briefs, and the court’s opinion, we are 

satisfied the opinion is a correct and thorough analysis of the issues raised 

by Mother in her appeal. Accordingly, we affirm the court’s order entered 

May 30, 2017, based on the comprehensive and well-written opinion of the 

Honorable Allan L. Tereshko, Sr. 

Order affirmed. 
J-A31012-17

7

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 2/2/18
Circulated 01/25/2018 02:11 PM

... 

Received 9/18/2017 4:13:10 PM Superior Court Eastern District 

Filed 9/18/2017 4:13:00 PM Superior Court Eastern District 

2031 EDA 2017 

THE FIRST JUDICIAL DISTIUCT OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA COUNTY 

IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS 

IN THE INTEREST OF: : FAMILY COURT DIVISION 

: JUVENILE BRANCH-DEPENDENCY 

A.W., a Minor 

d/o/b: 07 /l 0/2009 

: CP-Sl-DP-0032309-2010 

-·· 

Superior Court No. 2031 EDA 2017 

OPINION 

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D.W., ("Mother"), Appeals from the Permanency Review Order entered b�)his 

Appeal of: 

D.W., Mother 

Court on May 30, 2017, suspending Mother's visitation with her Child, a male, A. W ., 

(d/o/b July 10, 2009). 

After a Permanency Review Hearing on May 30, 2017, this Court found that clear 

and convincing evidence was presented to suspend Mother's visitation with the Child, 

A.W. In response to the Order of May 30, 2017, Mother, by and through her counsel, 

filed a Notice of Appeal with Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal on June 28, 

2017. 

STATEMENT OF MATTERS COMPLAINED OF ON APPEAL 

In her Statement of Matter Complained of on Appeal, Mother raises the following issues: 

1. The Trial Court erred in suspending Mother's visits with her 

Child, when there was no evidence or testimony that there was 

a grave threat to the Child. 

2. The errors committed by the Court below deprived appellant of 

her rights to due process and equal protection under the law. 

3. Permission is respectfully requested to submit additional 

ISSUES OR ERRORS in support of the within APPEAL as 

shall appear after REVIEW OF TIIE TRANSCRIPT is 

completed. 

1 
• 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY 

On March 11, 2010, the Child's minor Mother, D.W., was placed at People's 

Emergency Center. The Child remained in the care of his Mother, who was instructed 

not to leave him in the care of any resident. (Dependency Petition, 3/18/2010, ir "b"). 

On March 15, 2010, Mother left the Child in the care of another teen resident and 

stated that she was going to school. DHS was paying for the Child to attend daycare in 

the area and Mother did not take the Child to daycare. DHS contacted the school and 

learned that Mother was marked present for the day; however, she was absent from there 

following two classes. (Dependency Petition, 3/18/2010, � "c"), 

On March 15, 2010, the Department of Human Services (DHS), filed an Order of 

Protective Custody (OPC) for the Child and placed him in a foster care home through 

Catholic Social Services. (Dependency Petition, 3/18/2010, � "d"). 

On March 15, 2010, DHS called the Adolescent Initiative Center (AIC) and spoke 

to Mother. Mother came to DHS to obtain a copy of the OPC. DHS recommended 

Mother attend parenting classes and therapy and she agreed to the recommendations. 

(Dependency Petition, 3/18/2010, � "e"), 

J.F. is the Child's Father, and his whereabouts were unknown to DHS. 

(Dependency Petition, 3/18/2010, � "h"). 

On March 17, 2010, a Shelter Care Hearing was held before Master Zlotowski. 

An order was issued for the Child to continue at Catholic Social Services foster home, 

and Mother to continue at the People's Emergency Shelter. The OPC was lifted. Mother 

attends AIC Program, and she is to complete parenting classes and therapy. Mother to 

2 
have at least one overnight visit at the Shelter prior to adjudication. (Shelter Care Order, 

3/17/2010). 

A Dependency Petition was filed by DHS on March 18, 2010, and an 

Adjudicatory Hearing was held before the Honorable Donna Woelpper on March 26, 

2010. The Court adjudicated the Child Dependent and committed to DHS, with Child at 

Catholic Social Services Foster Home, based on present inability of Mother to complete 

parenting and therapy. Mother to have unsupervised overnight visits with Child as 

arranged by the parties at the Shelter. (Adjudicatory Hearing and Order, 3/26/2010). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Donna Woelpper 

on August 3, 2010. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain with 

DHS, and placement for the Child to continue. Mother has bi-weekly supervised visits 

with the Child in the foster home. Visits may be further modified by agreement of the 

parties. Minor Mother is placed at St. Mary's Villa. OHS to make referral for Mother 

and Child for family school. (Permanency Review Order, 8/03/2010). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Flora Barth Wolf 

on December 10, 2010. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain with 

DHS, and placement for the Child to continue. Child is doing well and attends family 

school. Minor Mother residing at St. Mary's Villa. DHS exploring Mother/Baby 

Placement, and Child may be moved with Mother to that placement. DHS to assist minor 

Mother with academic progress. Assistant City Solicitor to do a PLS on prison search for 

Father. (Permanency Review Order, 12/10/2010). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Flora Barth Wolf 

on May 11, 2011. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain with DHS, 

3 
.. 

and placement for the Child to continue through Catholic Social Services. DHS to make 

a referral for a Mother/Baby Program without the evaluation. Mother attends the OnGround School at St. Mary's. Mother has weekly visits at the foster home. (Permanency 

Review Order, 5/03/2011). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before Juvenile Court Hearing Officer 

Tammy Langenberg, on September 11, 2011. An Order was issued that the legal custody 

of the Child to remain with DI-IS, and placement for the Child to continue. Mother to 

have liberal unsupervised community day visits with Child, visits may be further 

modified by agreement of the parties. (Permanency Review Order, 9/20/2011). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Thomas M. 

Nocella on March 20, 2012. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain 

with DHS. Placement of the Child to remain in Foster Care through Catholic Social 

Services. Child is doing well, is developmentally on target and not in need of therapeutic 

services. It was noted, Mother is a minor and Father's whereabouts are unknown. 

(Permanency Review Order, 3/20/2012). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Juvenile Court Hearing 

Officer, Carol A. Carson on June 8, 2012. An Order was issued that the legal custody of 

the Child to remain with DHS, and placement for the Child to continue. Child is 

developmentally on target. Mother's visits are modified to weekly, supervised visits in 

the caretaker's home, and can be further modified by agreement of the parties. 

(Permanency Review Order, 6/08/2012). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Juvenile Court Hearing 

Officer, Carol A. Carson on September 7, 2012. An Order was issued that the legal 

4 
• 

custody of the Child to remain with DHS, and placement for the Child to continue. 

Mother to continue to have unsupervised community day visits. Child is doing well and 

developmentally on target. AJI medicals and immunizations are up to date. Mother 

graduated from High School and has begun Pierce College. (Permanency Review Order, 

9/07/2012). 

A Permanency Review Hearing were held before the Juvenile Court Hearing 

Officer, Carol A. Carson on December 6, 2012. An Order was issued that the legal 

custody ofthc Child to remain with DHS, and placement for the Child in foster care to 

continue. Child may be reunified with Mother upon approval of CCIS, discharge plan 

meeting prior to discharge. (Permanency Review Order, 12/06/2012). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Juvenile Court Hearing 

Officer, Carol A. Carson on March 7, 2013. Order issued that the legal custody of the 

Child to remain with DHS, and placement for the Child in foster care to continue. Child 

is doing well and developmentally on target. Mother is enrolled at Pierce College and 

scheduled to begin attending classes on March 13, 2013. Mother lost SIL (Supervised 

Independent Living) Housing due to an arrest and a preliminary hearing is scheduled. 

Mother is currently placed at a Pathways Shelter. Mother referred to BHS for outpatient 

therapeutic services. DHS to refer Mother to parenting classes that do not conflict with 

her college schedule. (Permanency Review Order, 3/07/2013). 

Mother was arrested on January l , 2013 for Aggravated Assault, Possession of 

Instrument of Crime, Simple Assault, and Reckless Endangering Another Person. All 

charges were Withdrawn on March 13, 2013. (Secure Court Summary, PID#l 132325). 

5 
A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. Tereshko 

on May 21, 2013. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain with OHS, 

and placement for the Child in foster care to continue. Mother's therapy through MedNet continues, unsupervised day visits with Child continue. Mother's visits may be 

further modified to overnight prior to next court date. (Permanency Review Order, 

5/21/2013). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. Tereshko 

on August 20, 2013. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain with 

OHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to continue. Child is 

doing well, and attending pre-school at the Clara Barton Elementary School. Mother is a 

full-time student at Pierce College, and is due to begin attending parenting and 

therapeutic sessions. Mother re-referred to BHS. Mother's visits to continue as weekly, 

supervised visits in the caretaker's home, and in addition, overnight visits to occur. 

(Permanency Review Order, 8/20/2013). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. Tereshko 

on November 19, 2013. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child remain with 

OHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to continue. Child is 

not receiving any special services and is in pre-kindergarten. Mother is currently open 

with OHS and resides in an SSIL. OHS to go forward with concurrent plan of PLC for 

the Child. OHS is to conduct a PLS on Father, and contact Legal Liaison once an 

updated address is obtained for Father. Mother has weekly, unsupervised overnight visits 

with the Child, and will continue as arranged. (Permanency Review Order, 11119/2013), 

6 
A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. Tereshko 

on February 18, 2014. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain with 

DHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to continue. Child is 

doing well, and attending kindergarten at the Child Leaming Center. Minor Mother is 

placed in an SIL Placement through Pathways. J.F .. Father, is incarcerated at Graterford 

Prison. Mother's visits to continue as weekly, weekend, unsupervised overnight visits as 

arranged by the parties. (Permanency Review Order, 2/18/2014). 

A continuance was granted on May 6} 2014 by the Honorable Kevin M. 

Dougherty. No action taken. Case continued due to unavailability of Judge. 

(Continuance Order, 5/06/2014). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Jonathan Q. Irvine 

on June 4, 2014. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain with OHS, 

and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to continue. Child is doing 

well, and not receiving any special services at this time. Child will be graduating from 

Pre-School. Minor Mother continues in DHS care, and is referred for a Parenting 

Capacity and Bonding Evaluations. Court orders paternity test for J.F. Mother's visits to 

continue as weekly, weekend, overnights. (Permanency Review Order, 6/04/2014). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Juvenile Court Hearing 

Officer Alexis Ciccone on September 3, 2014. It was ordered that the legal custody of 

the Child to remain with OHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life 

Center to continue. Child is doing well, and will be attending Clara Batton Elementary 

School. Child has weekly, weekend, unsupervised visits with Mother. Mother is 

currently 4 months pregnant. She has completed the first part of the Parenting Capacity 

7 
' 

Evaluation; second part pending on 10/20/2014. Father is currently incarcerated at SCI, 

Coal Township. Father has been identified by paternity, and has no contact with the 

Child. (Permanency Review Order, 9/03/2014). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. Tereshko 

on November 19, 2014. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain with 

DHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to continue. Child is 

doing well, and attending Clara Barton School. Child is up-to-date with medicals and 

dentals. Mother is currently not attending therapy but has an appointment scheduled for 

11/28/2014 through JFK. Mother completed second part of Parenting Capacity 

Evaluation on 10/20/2014. Mother's Bonding Evaluation was completed on 11/10/2014. 

DHS to implement recommendations of PCE and Bonding Evaluations. DHS to forward 

copies of CCTC, PCE and Bonding Evaluation to all counsel. Child referred to CCTC. 

Paternity test determined J.F. as the Father. Mother's visits to continue as weekly, 

weekend, unsupervised overnight visits. (Permanency Review Order, 11/19/2014 ). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. Tereshko 

on February 11, 2015. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain with 

DHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to continue. Child is 

doing well, and attending Clara Barton School. Child referred for an evaluation through 

CCTC. Mother completed the Parenting Capacity Evaluation/Bonding Evaluation. DHS 

has submitted the PLC waiver. Mother's visits to continue as weekly weekend 

unsupervised overnight visits. (Permanency Review Order, 2/11/2015). 

8 
A continuance was granted on May 15, 2015, by the Honorable Margaret T. 

Murphy. Child is in Progressive Life Foster Home. Remain as committed. 

(Continuance Order, 5/15/2015). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. 

Tereshko, on June 5, 2015. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain 

with DHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to continue. 

Child receives therapeutic services. Mother to sign releases. An FSP meeting is to 

occur prior to the next court date. Child may be reunified with Mother, prior to the next 

court date, by agreement of DHS and Child Advocate. Mother's unsupervised overnight 

visits shall continue. (Permanency Review Order, 6/05/2015). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Juvenile Court Hearing 

Officer, William T. Rice on September 3, 2015. It was ordered that the legal custody of 

the Child to remain with DHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life 

Center to continue. Child is referred to BHS for an evaluation. Mother is to comply with 

recommendations of Parenting Capacity Evaluation/Bonding Evaluation, and Single Case 

Plan Objectives. Mother's biweekly visits to continue. (Mother is to be only caregiver to 

Child during visitation), and may be modified to weekend overnight by order of the 

Court. (Permanency Review Order, 9/03/2015). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. 

Tereshko, on December 3, 2015. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to 

remain with DHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to 

continue. Child is having some behavioral issues in the home and in school. Child 

attends first grade at Hamilton Elementary School. Child has completed sex abuse 

9 
trauma therapy through Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) on 11/18/2015. 

Trauma focused therapy has been recommended. Child is medically up-to-date. Mother 

completed the Parenting Capacity Evaluation/Bonding Evaluation. Mother attends 

individual therapy through Dunbar, and is currently employed full time. Father has not 

made himself available to DHS. Once Mother secures appropriate and stable housing, 

Child may be reunified with Mother through Administrative Order by agreement of the 

parties. Mother is referred to BHS for consultations and/or evaluations. Mother to sign 

releases. Mother's visits to continue as arranged. (Permanency Review Order, 

12/03/2015). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Juvenile Court Hearing 

Officer, Carol A Carson on 3/03/2016. It was ordered the legal custody of the Child to 

remain with DHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to 

continue. Child attends first grade at Hamilton Elementary School, and is attending 

CCTC weekly for therapy. Mother to re-engage in therapeutic service, and re-referred 

for an updated PCE. Supplement of Bonding Evaluation to be done. CUA to do a home 

assessment of Mother's new home at 121 N. Ruby St, Phila. PA 19139. If Mother's 

home is appropriate, Child shall have overnight weekends at Mother's home. Mother to 

reach out to Child's therapist to determine if she should participate in sessions. 

(Permanency Review Order, 3/03/2016). 

A Continuance was granted by the Honorable Allan L. Tereshko, on June 2, 2016. 

Child is to remain as committed. CUA is to submit a safety affidavit to the Court in 7 

days. (Continuance Order, 6/02/2016). 

10 
A Continuance was granted by the Honorable Allan L. Tereshko on August 8, 

2016. Child is to remain as committed. (Continuance Order, 8/08/2016). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. 

Tereshko, on September 15, 2016. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to 

remain with DHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center to 

continue. Child is medically up-to-date, and has been displaying physical aggression. He 

attends CCTC for therapy. Mother referred for relationship therapy. Therapeutic visits 

are to be implemented between Mother and Child. Mother is to attend the caregiver 

session at CCTC, and sign releases and consents. Mother is to attend the Bonding 

Evaluation, and is referred to BHS for consultation and/or evaluation. Mother is to have 

weekly line of sight/line of hearing, supervised visits with the Child at the Agency. 

Father is to have line of sight/hearing supervised visits with the Child at the Agency, 

when he avails himself and at the recommendation of the Child's therapist. (Permanency 

Review Order, 9/15/2016). 

A Continuance was granted by the Honorable Allan L. Tereshko on December 15, 

2016. Case continued as Child Advocate failed to appear. (Continuance Order, 

12/15/2016). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Juvenile Court Hearing 

Officer, Carol A Carson on January 26, 2017. It was ordered the legal custody of the 

Child to remain with OHS, and placement for the Child through Progressive Life Center 

to continue. Child is receiving trauma therapy through CCTC. Child is on the honor roll 

at Hamilton Elementary School. Mother was referred for relationship therapy at Dunbar, 

and she attended the first part of the Parenting Capacity Evaluation. CUA to assist 

11 
Mother with scheduling second part of PCE. Bonding Evaluation to be scheduled upon 

completion of PCE, and Mother shall attend. OHS/CUA to assist Mother with housing 

referrals, and to follow up with therapeutic visitation and make referral. Mother to attend 

caregiver sessions, and is referred to BHS for monitoring. Mother is to continue weekly 

line of sight/hearing supervised visits with the Child at the Agency. Mother to confirm 

visits 24 hours in advance, and her visits are to be on Saturdays. Father is to have line of 

sight/hearing supervised visits with the Child at the Agency, when he avails himself and 

at the recommendation of the Child's therapist. (Permanency Review Order, 1/26/2017). 

A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. 

Tereshk.o, on April 20, 2017. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain 

with OHS, and placement for the Child shall remain in a pre-adoptive home through 

Turning Points. Child is receiving therapy through CCTC. Remain as committed. PLS 

is ordered for Father. (Permanency Review Order, 4/20/2017). 

A Request for an Emergency relisting was filed by Taniesha Clement, Attorney 

for OHS on April 27, 2017. This request was approved by Honorable Allan L. Tereshko 

on May 4, 2017, and listed for May 11, 2017. Notice provided to all parties. (Request for 

Emergency relisting 4/27/2017). 

A Status Review Hearing was held on May 11, 2017 before the Honorable Allan 

L. Tereshko, Child continues to reside in foster care through Turning Points for 

Children. OHS commitment to stand. Case remains status quo. No action taken, and 

Continuance granted for further testimony. All prior orders are to stand. (Status Review 

Order, 5/11/2017). 

12 
A Permanency Review Hearing was held before the Honorable Allan L. 

Tereshko, on May 30, 2017. The Court ordered the legal custody of the Child to remain 

with DHS, and placement for the Child shall remain in Foster Care through Turning 

Points for Children. Child to continue therapy and Mother to be incorporated into 

Child's therapy when appropriate. All Communication shall be in writing to and from. 

The Court issues a Stay Away Order as to Mother, to stay away from CUA worker, 

Jazzmine Mowatt. Child to remain as committed. (Permanency Review Order and 

Dependency Court Protective Order, 5/30/2017). 

The next scheduled court date is a Contested Permanency Review Hearing 

scheduled for August 29, 2017. 

PERMANENCY REVIEW HEARING 

This Court held a Permanency Review Hearing on May 30, 2017. Taniesha 

Clement, Counsel for DHS, stated the Agency requested an Emergency Relist in the 

Child's interest and requested a Stay-Away Order and to cease the visitation between 

Mother and Child. This request was contested by Mother. Mother appeared at the 

hearing and was represented by counsel, Athena Dooley. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p.6 at 2-17). 

Jazzmine Mowatt, the CUA Case Manager for Turning Points for Children, was 

the first witness to testify. She stated that the Agency, on her behalf, is seeking a StayAway Order against the Child's Mother after she threatened her at the last hearing held 

on April 28, 2017. Ms. Mowatt stated she had to be escorted by a security guard to her 

car because Mother was waiting outside of the elevators for her, and verbally harassed 

her. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p.8 at 4-25). 

13 
She stated she has been the Case Manager for almost three years, however, now 

she feels unsafe around Mother. She further stated a discussion with her Supervisor 

ensued regarding her removal from the case, however, she is to remain as Case Manager. 

She states the Child may suffer in some way if she is removed from the case. (N.T., 

5/30/2017, p.9 at 7 -18; p. l Oat 2-22). 

Ms. Mowatt further testified she also had concerns about Mother's behavior as to 

the Child. The Child had been acting up at home, after a visit with Mother on May 6, 

2017, when Mother referred to the Child as spoiled and called him fat. And because of 

that the Child had issues at home with the foster mother, stating he needed to work out 

because he was overweight. She noted the Child has been in placement for almost eight 

years. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p.11 at 18-25; p.12 at 1-17). 

Ms. Mowatt further testified that Mother engaged in other behaviors that had a 

negative effect on the Child. Specifically, she recalled an incident of domestic violence 

between Mother and her paramour in which police were called and the Child expressed 

fears to his therapist. Based on these concerns, she opined that suspending the Mother's 

visits with the Child will not affect the Child negatively. He is bonded with his foster 

parent, feels safe, and is calmer without Mother's negative comments. (N.T., 5/30/2017, 

p.12 at 19-25; p.13 at 1-13). 

On cross-examination by Timothy McCollough, Child Advocate, Ms. Mowatt 

noted that the Mother refused to abide by Agency rules to clean up after herself and is 

uncooperative with the Agency staff. She stated the negative interaction with Mother 

after the last court date was likely because Mother first learned that the goal for the Child 

14 
was changed to adoption. She further noted that Mother is not a threat to the Child. 

(N.T., 5/30/2017, p.14 at 4-25; p.15 at 1-16). 

On cross-examination by Athena Dooley, counsel for Mother, Ms. Mowatt noted 

Mother had unsupervised visits with the Child since he was eight months old, however, 

the visits were changed to supervised quite some time ago. She testified there is a 

visitation coach assigned at every visit, and they related to her that Mother was hostile to 

them and uncooperative. Further, she stated that Mother's name calling to the Child is 

harmful. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p.16 at 11-25; p.17 at 1-20). 

Quincy Marshall, Visitation Coach for Turning Points for Children, was the next 

witness to testify. He noted that he observed visitations between Mother and the Child, 

and the visits have been appropriate and there were no issues regarding Mother's 

behavior during the visits. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p.20 at 8-23). 

Janet Cotton, CCTC Trauma Therapist, was next to testify. She had concerns 

related to Mother's visitations and recommended that visits cease at this time. Since the 

Child's visit with Mother the first weekend in May, the Child has also been experiencing 

some self-esteem issues following his visit with Mother, and her referring to him as being 

fat and spoiled. He has also been exhibiting risk-taking behaviors such as self-harming, 

hanging out of a car window, going face first down a flight of stairs, and shoving tissues 

so far up his nose that it is damaging his mucus membranes. His medical doctor ruled out 

any medical causes for his urinating behavior. She opined that the visits with Mother are 

a threat to the Child's emotional and physical safety at this time. The Child also attended 

a psychiatric evaluation recently, and CTSS stabilization services were requested to have 

someone come out to the foster home and help stabilize him. She further recommended 

15 
the Child be placed on medication management, however, is concerned that Mother may 

be unwilling to sign for the medications, as she has done in the past. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p. 

21 at 21-25; p.22 at 1-25; p.23 at 1-16). 

Ms. Cotton further testified she is concerned about the Child's emotional harm 

and his physical wellbeing. She has never seen this behavior in the Child since she has 

worked with him. After the visit with Mother when he observed her being disrespectful 

to the staff and after Mother made the negative connnents to him, he was defiant and 

aggressive with his foster parent as well. She seeks stoppage of the visits with Mother, 

but was unable to give a timcframe for the length of the cessation. She believes it is a 

way to stabilize the Child at this time. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p.23 at 17-25; p.24 at 1-25). 

On cross-examination by Timothy McCullough, Child Advocate, Ms. Cotton 

stated the Child was diagnosed with adjustment disorder and anxiety. And it was 

recommended that the Child would benefit from anxiety medication. Ms. Cotton stated 

Mother has not been actively involved in the sessions with the Child, and in order to 

involve Mother with the Child she would have to prepare and meet with Mother 

individually before they became joint sessions. She opined the Child needs permanency 

and stability and that he is in a loyalty bind between the multiple caregivers in his life. 

(N.T., 5/30/2017, p.25 at 8-25; p.26 at 1-17). 

On cross-examination by Ms. Dooley, Mother's attorney, Ms. Cotton, noted the 

Child was actively involved in treatment with her many years for molestation, in which 

Mother was not involved. She was aware Mother and Child had unsupervised weekend 

visits since he was eight months old and Mother was fifteen years old, and that the 

visitation was modified to supervised visits about one year ago. She further noted she 

16 
was not aware that Mother and her paramour were engaged in relationship therapy. 

However, she did know that Mother had recently completed a Bonding Evaluation. 

(N.T., 5/30/2017, p.27 at 1-25; p.28 at 1-12). 

Ms. Cotton testified the Child does want to see his Mother, however, he has 

expressed that he enjoys the supervised visits with Mother in the room because it is less 

moving around and he enjoys playing in a stable environment. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p.28 at 

13-17; p.29 at 6-15). 

Mother was the next witness to testify. She related a different accounting of the 

incident with Ms. Mowatt at the elevator after the last court hearing. She claims she did 

approach her at the elevator and merely asked what was going on with the case, and Ms. 

Mowatt responded by telling her to get out of her face, and told the other person that she 

was threatening her. Mother denied threatening Ms. Mowatt. She did state she has been 

asking for her to be removed from the case, however, her Supervisor denied the request 

multiple times. She asked for Ms. Mowatt's removal because she was never able to get 

in contact with her, and would not respond in a timely manner. When she did respond it 

was always with aggression or attitude towards her. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p.30 at 5-25; p.31 

at 5-24). 

Mother further testified she began bi-weekly relationship therapy with her 

paramour in March 2017 at GPHA, and gave that information to Ms. Mowatt. Mother 

denied telling the Child he was fat, but instead told him he looked very good and had 

gained weight. She stated he looked very healthy and well and she was appreciating that 

the foster parent was treating him properly. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p.32 at 1-25; p.33 at 1-24). 

17 
Mother stated she does not want her visits terminated, and instead wants to return 

to the unsupervised visits. She claims to have done everything requested by the Agency 

and in fact, has gone beyond what was necessary. Lastly, Mother stated she was 

confused about the results of the last hearing and was the reason she approached Ms. 

Mowatt. Mother apologized if she came off as aggressive towards her. Lastly, Mother 

presented the Court with a letter from her therapist dated April 7, 2017, verifying that she 

and her paramour were attending therapy at GPHS Woodland Ave. (N.T., 5/30/2017, p, 

34 at 7-20; p.35 at 3-12; p.37 at 14-24). 

STANDARD OF REVIEW AND LEGAL ANALYSIS 

Our standard of review for dependency cases is as follows: [T]he standard of 

review in dependency cases requires an appellate court to accept the findings of fact and 

credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the record, but does 

not require the appellate court to accept the lower court's inferences or conclusions of 

law. Accordingly, we review for an abuse of discretion. In re R.J.T., 608 Pa. 9, 26- 

27, 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (2010) ( citations omitted). 

Trial Court Properly Restricted Mother's Visitation with the Child Pursuant to 42 

Pa.C.S.A. § 6351 (e) (3) (ii) {D)l 

1§ 635 l. Disposition of dependent child 

(e) Permanency hearlngs.« 

(]) The court shall conduct a permanency hearing for the purpose of determining 

or reviewing the permanency plan of the child, the date by which the goal of permanency for the child 

might be achieved and whether placement continues to be best suited to the safety, protection and physical, 

mental and moral welfare of the child. ln any permanency hearing held with respect to the child, the court 

shall consult with the child regarding the child's permanency plan, including the child's 

18 
DHS requested an Emergency re list for a hearing on April 27, 2017 seeking a 

stay-away-order against Mother to protect the CUA Case Manager, Jazzmine Mowatt, 

and a change in visits between Mother and Child. This hearing request was approved by 

the Court on May 4, 2017, and the case was listed for a Status Review Hearing on May 

11,2017. 

This Child became known to DHS in March 2010, when he was approximately 

eight months old. The Child and Mother, who was fifteen years old at the time, were 

desired permanency goal, in a manner appropriate to the child's age and maturity. If the court does not 

consult personally with the child, the court shall ensure that the views of the child regarding 

the permanency plan have been ascertained to the fullest extent possible and communicated to the court by 

the guardian ad litem under section 6311 (relating to guardian ad litem for child in court proceedings) or, as 

appropriate to the circumstances of the case by the child's counsel, the court-appointed special advocate or 

other person as designated by the court. 

(2) If the county agency or the child's attorney alleges the existence of aggravated circumstances and the 

court determines that the child has been adjudicated dependent, the court shall then determine if aggravated 

circumstances exist. If the court finds from clear and convincing evidence that aggravated circumstances 

exist, the court shall determine whether or not reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the need for 

removing the child from the child's parent, guardian or custodian or to preserve and reunify the family shall 

be made or continue to be made and schedule a hearing as provided in paragraph (3). 

(3) The court shall conduct permanency hearings as follows: 

(i) Within six months of: 

(A) the date of the child's removal from the child's parent, guardian or custodian for placement under 

section 6324 (relating to taking into custody) or 6332 or pursuant to a transfer of temporary legal custody 

or other disposition under subsection (a)(2), whichever is the earliest; or 

(B) each previous permanency hearing until the child is returned to the child's parent, guardian or custodian 

or removed from the jurisdiction of the court. 

(ii) Within 30 days of: 

(A) an adjudication of dependency at which the court determined that aggravated circumstances exist and 

that reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the need to remove the child from the child's parent, guardian 

or custodian or to preserve and reunify the family need not be made or continue to be made; 

(B) a permanency hearing at which the court determined that aggravated circumstances exist and that 

reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the need to remove the child from the child's parent, guardian or 

custodian or to preserve and reunify the family need not be made or continue to be made and 

the permanency plan for the child is incomplete or inconsistent with the court's determination; 

(C) an allegation that aggravated circumstances exist regarding a child who has been adjudicated 

dependent. filed under section 6334(b) (relating to petition); or 

(D) a petition alleging that the hearing is necessary to protect the safety or physical, mental or moral 

welfare of a dependent child. 

19 
placed at the People's Emergency Shelter. Mother then left the Child at the Shelter in 

the care of another teen resident, and stated she was going to school. DHS then issued 

an OPC for the Child and placed him in a foster care home through Catholic Socia1 

Services. On March 26, 2010, the Court adjudicated the Child dependent and committed 

to DHS, with Child at Catholic Social Services Foster Home, based on present inability 

of Mother to complete parenting and therapy. Mother began unsupervised overnight 

visits with Child as arranged by the parties at the Shelter. The Child is now eight years 

old and continues under court supervision and in foster care. 

The standard in evaluating frequency of visitation is based on the best interest of 

the Child. In re Long, 313 Pa.Super. 47, 459 A.2d 403 (1983); In re E.F V., 315 

Pa.Super. 246, 461 A.2d. 1263 (1983). As.a usual rule, parental visitation is not denied 

except where a grave threat to the Child can be shown. The policy underlying the "grave 

threat" standard reflects the desirability of continuing contact between the parent and 

child. It underscores the importance of each parent's maintain a meaningful and 

sustaining relationship with the Child. The "grave threat" to the Child standard is applied 

to visitation both where the Child is in custody of a natural parent and where the Child is 

in foster care and in the custody of the state. 

On appeal, Mother alleges the Court erred by suspending Mother's visits with her 

Child, when there was no evidence or testimony that there was a grave threat to the Child. 

This Court agrees with Mother that no evidence was presented that Mother posed a 

"grave threat" to her Child. This Court, however, disagrees that the "grave threat" 

standard applied to this case. This Court instead, relied on the "best interests of the 

Child" standard to temporarily suspend Mother's visits. 

20 
This Court ordered a temporary restriction of Mother's visits, untiJ she could be 

integrated into therapeutic visits as soon as they can be arranged by Janet Cotton, Trauma 

Therapist. The Court relied on credible testimony by Ms. Cotton regarding concerns 

related to Mother's visitations and recommended that visits cease at this time. Ms. 

Cotton testified that since the Child's visit with Mother the first weekend in May, the 

Child has also been experiencing some self-esteem issues because Mother referred to him 

as being fat and spoiled. He has also been exhibiting risk-taking behaviors such as selfharming, hanging out of a car window, going face first down a flight of stairs, and 

shoving tissues so far up his nose that it is damaging his mucus membranes. 

She opined that she has never seen this behavior in the Child in the years she has 

treated him, and believes the visits with Mother are a threat to the Child's emotional and 

physical safety at this time. The Child also attended a psychiatric evaluation recently, 

and CTSS stabilization services were requested to have someone come out to the foster 

home and help stabilize him. She further recommended the Child be placed on 

medication management, however) was concerned that Mother may be unwilling to sign 

for the medications, as she has done in the past. 

Based on the trauma therapist's testimony and her continued treatment history 

with the Child of many years, and also on the evidence relating to the Child's best 

interest, including, but not limited to the: l) length of separation from Mother; 2) effect 

of visitation on the Child; 3) the age, sex and health of the Child; 4) the emotional 

relationship between the Child and Mother; 5) the special needs of the Child; and 6) the 

effect on the Child's relationship with the current caregiver, this Court concluded that it 

would be in the Child's best interest for Ms. Cotton to incorporate Mother into the 

21 
Child's therapy sessions and temporarily suspend Mother's supervised line of 

sight/hearing visits with the Child at the Agency. 

Due Process and Equal Protection Under the Law 

Mother's other argument is that she was denied due process and equal protection 

under the law as guaranteed by the Constitutions of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 

and the United States. This broad assertion does not state the basis of the denial of her 

due process and equal protection rights, and this Court cannot speculate what Mother's 

allegations are. The Court does state that Mother was never denied the opportunity to 

participate, testify, and present evidence on her own behalf. She participated in the 

permanency review hearing and also testified. Her attorney was also present at the 

hearing and presented evidence on her behalf. Accordingly, Mother was never denied a 

fair and impartial hearing. 

CONCLUSION: 

At the conclusion of the hearing the Court stated: 

As a matter of finding of the Court, the credibility issue, 

because the stories are different, I believe the case worker 

and the Mother's story and her fiance story do not match 

and it lacks credibility. There will be a stay away order 

entered on behalf of the case worker against the Mother. 

And, I am going to suspend the visitation. And, I am going 

to continue the path of the therapy with the Child, and the 

visitation when resumed at the recommendation of the 

therapist, shall be therapeutic visitations. 

I believe that the fact supported finding, that the 

unsupervised, untherapeutic visitation is 

22 
.l .1 

not in the best interest of the Child. And, in fact, is causing 

the Child to regress. And that the story that Mother offers 

about having the contact with the case worker immediately 

after having had a full hearing is not credible. 1 believe that 

the aggression did take place. As it frequently is in these 

cases, the parents blame the agencies and blame the case 

workers who work for the agencies for the lack of 

completion of goals and the lack of advancement towards 

reunification. 

I quite honestly find it almost unbelievable that the Child 

has been in placement so long, but I understand that we are 

on a path to present more predictability and stability for the 

Child and I'll allow that to work out through the agency. 

But, I restate to the parent, to Mother, that everyone in the 

room is here to help you be reunified with your Child. I 

think your difficulty is that you're in denial as to certain 

things and you're unable to perceive that we're here to help 

you. 

That frequently is the case because there are aggressive 

behaviors that are directed at case workers and the 

aggression is misplaced. She has got to learn to 

communicate. Physical stay away order. She may 

continue to communicate with the case worker. And the 

communication as I see it will be advanced through the 

therapeutic visitation. Most of the contact will be through 

the therapist. 

She [case worker] may communicate with Mother, but 

there is just no physical, no contact order. She has the 

ability to email. Of course, the best means of 

communication should be something that we have a record 

of and that would be email. 

The visits are therapeutic visits as soon as that can be 

arranged. Right, 1 am not cutting them off. I am just 

restricting them and allowing the therapist who is 

developing a relationship. Mom, again, I believe your 

aggressiveness is misplaced. The only reason that we exist 

is to try and keep families together, not break them apart 

and you have to realize that. And it's not the case worker 

that brought the Child into care. You brought the Child 

into care because of your behavior. 

23 
,l ) 

I am very familiar with the case. Eight years is a long time. 

She's one of the luckiest persons in this system. That her 

rights have not been terminated yet, but she's jeopardizing 

that position with the Court. I want the therapist to 

continue and to incorporate Mother when appropriate, 

whatever the language of the order has to be. 

(N.T., 5/30/2017, p.42 at 5-25; p.43 at 1-25; p.44 at 3-21; p.45 at 

10-17; p.46 at 15-25; p.47 at 1-24; p.48 at 8-1 I), 

For the foregoing reasons, this Court respectfully requests that the Order of May 

30, 2017, suspending Mother's supervised line of vision/sight visits with the Child until 

the therapist incorporates Mother into the Child's trauma therapy be AFFIRMED. 

BY THE COURT: 

]--\1-\] 

DATE 

ALLAN L. TERESHKO, Sr. J. 

24