Technical information:  (202) 691-6378     USDL 02-483
               http://www.bls.gov/cps/
                                           For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                691-5902     Wednesday, August 21, 2002
                                     
                                     
                      WORKER DISPLACEMENT, 1999-2001
                                     
                                     
   During the January 1999 through December 2001 period, 4.0 million
workers were displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
The number of displaced workers increased from 3.3 million in January 1997
through December 1999.  The more recent period includes the recession that
began in March 2001 and the resulting slowdown in the labor market.  In
contrast, the prior survey covered a period of strong employment growth and
declining unemployment.
   
   Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on
workers who were displaced from their jobs.  These surveys have been
conducted biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS),
a monthly survey of households that is the primary source of information on
the nation's labor force.
   
   Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who
lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was
insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished.
The period covered in this study was 1999-2001, the 3 calendar years prior
to the January 2002 survey date.  The following analysis focuses primarily
on the 4.0 million persons who had worked for their employer for 3 or more
years at the time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured).  Another
6.0 million persons were displaced from jobs they had held for less than 
3 years (referred to as short-tenured).  Combining the short- and long-
tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 9.9 million, up
from 7.6 million in the prior survey.  Results from the January 2002 
survey included the following highlights:
   
   --Nearly two-thirds of the long-tenured displaced were reemployed at
the time of the survey.

   --Nearly half of the long-tenured displaced workers cited plant or
company closings or moves as the reason for their displacement.
   
   --Forty-three percent of displaced workers who had worked for their
employer for 3 or more years had received written advance notification 
that their jobs would be terminated.  Those who had received advance 
notice, however, were no more likely to be reemployed in January 2002 
than were those who had not received advance notice.
   
   --One-third of long-tenured displaced workers lost jobs in manufacturing.  
This proportion continued to be much larger than the industry's share of 
long-tenured employees.  (Long-tenured employment is defined as the number 
of persons employed for 3 years or more as measured by the CPS supplement on 
job tenure.)
   
   --Just over half of long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-
time wage and salary jobs and who were reemployed in such jobs had earnings
that were lower than those on the lost job.  Among this group of reemployed
full-time workers, about 3 in 10 experienced earnings losses of 20 percent
or more.
   
                                  - 2 -

Characteristics of the reemployed
   
   Sixty-four percent of the 4.0 million long-tenured displaced workers
were reemployed when surveyed in January 2002.  The proportion unemployed
at the time of the survey was 21 percent.  The remaining 15 percent of long-
tenured displaced workers were not in the labor force.  (See table 1.)
   
   In January 2002, reemployment rates for workers ages 20 to 24 and those
in the central-age group (ages 25 to 54) were roughly the same--about 70
percent.  By comparison, reemployment rates were lower for older workers
ages 55 to 64 (51 percent) and 65 years and older (20 percent).  Large
proportions of older displaced workers were not in the labor force when
surveyed.
   
   Men and women's shares of displacement were about equal to their shares
of long-tenured employment.  In January 2002, men and women had similar
reemployment rates, 65 and 62 percent, respectively.  Women were slightly
less likely to be unemployed than men, but the proportion of displaced
women who had left the labor force, at 19 percent, was higher than for
men--12 percent.
   
   In January 2002, whites (65 percent) were more likely to be reemployed
than either blacks (58 percent) or Hispanics (55 percent).
   
Reason for job loss and receipt of advance notice
   
   Of those long-tenured workers displaced from January 1999 through
December 2001, 47 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company
closings or moves, 25 percent cited insufficient work as the reason for
being displaced, and 27 percent reported that their position or shift was
abolished.  (See table 2.)  These proportions were about the same as those
reported in the prior survey.
   
   More than 4 in 10 displaced workers received written advance notice 
that their jobs would be terminated.  In January 2002, workers who lost 
jobs due to plant or company closings or moves were most likely to have 
received written advance notice of their impending job loss.  Of this 
group, 55 percent received such notice; in comparison, 38 percent of 
workers displaced because of shift abolishment and only 26 percent of 
those who lost jobs due to insufficient work were notified in advance.  
Regardless of the reason for displacement, receipt of written advance 
notice appears to have had little impact on the likelihood of being 
reemployed in January 2002.  Reemployment rates were essentially the 
same for those who did and those who did not receive advance notice--63 
and 64 percent, respectively.  (See table 3.)
   
Industry and occupation
   
   As in prior surveys, manufacturing accounted for a disproportionately
large share of displaced workers.  During the 1999-2001 period, 1.3 million
factory workers were displaced from their jobs--one-third of all long-tenured 
displaced workers.  This share was much higher than manufacturing's 19 percent 
share of total long-tenured employment.  Manufacturing displacements were 
concentrated in durable goods industries, particularly in machinery.  (See 
table 4.)
   
   Displacements in wholesale and retail trade (723,000) accounted for 18
percent of all long-tenured workers displaced during the 1999-2001 period.
Long-tenured displaced workers in transportation and public utilities
(295,000) and in finance, insurance, and real estate (284,000) each
accounted for 7 percent of total displacement.
   
                                  - 3 -

   The reemployment rate for displaced manufacturing workers was 56 percent, 
lower than the overall reemployment rate for displaced workers.  (These work-
ers were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from which they 
were displaced.)  Reemployment rates for workers displaced from the other 
major industry groups ranged from 62 percent for workers displaced from con-
struction and from transportation and public utilities to 71 percent for work-
ers who lost jobs in finance, insurance, and real estate and in government.
   
   The occupational composition of displaced workers was similar to that
recorded in the 2000 survey.  In the January 2002 survey, persons in mana-
gerial and professional specialty jobs accounted for 30 percent of all long-
tenured displaced workers.  This proportion is slightly less than this
occupational group's share of total long-tenured employment.  Workers
displaced from technical, sales, and administrative support occupations
comprised 29 percent of all displaced workers, matching their share of
total long-tenured employment.  In contrast, operators, fabricators, and
laborers were disproportionately affected by job loss.  These workers made
up 19 percent of the long-tenured displaced, but only accounted for 14
percent of total long-tenured employment.  Workers in these occupations
tend to be employed in manufacturing.  (See table 5.)
   
   The proportion of displaced workers who had found new jobs when surveyed
was highest for mechanics and repairers (82 percent) and lowest for machine
operators, assemblers, and inspectors (49 percent).
   
Geographic divisions
   
   Compared with the prior survey, the number of workers displaced in each
geographic division in the United States increased during the 1999-2001
period.  The distribution of displacement among the divisions, however, 
was about the same as in the prior survey.  In terms of employment status 
at the time of the January 2002 survey, the Pacific and Middle Atlantic
divisions had the largest proportions of displaced workers who were
unemployed in January 2002--28 and 24 percent, respectively.  Displaced
workers in these divisions also were least likely to have found new 
jobs; the reemployment rate for workers in the Middle Atlantic division 
was 54 percent and in the Pacific division was 60 percent.  (See table 6.)
   
Earnings
   
   Of the 2.3 million reemployed displaced workers who lost full-time wage
and salary jobs during the 1999-2001 period, 1.9 million were working again
in such jobs in January 2002.  Of these reemployed full-time workers, about
48 percent were earning as much or more in their new jobs as they had earned 
on the job they lost.  This was lower than the proportion recorded in the 
February 2000 survey (58 percent).  In January 2002, 29 percent reported 
earnings losses of 20 percent or more.  (See table 7.)
   
                                  - 4 -

Total displaced workers (with no tenure restriction)
   
   The total number of workers displaced during the 1999-2001 period
(regardless of how long they had held their jobs) was 9.9 million, more
than the number displaced during the 1997-99 period--7.6 million.  Nearly
two-thirds of the total displaced had found new jobs when surveyed in
January 2002, while 22 percent were unemployed and 14 percent were not in
the labor force.  (See table 8.)
   
   Compared with the long-tenured displaced workers, the short-tenured were
more likely to be young and to have lost jobs in services and retail trade.
   
   
   

Technical Note


   The data presented in this report were collected through a supplement to
the January 2002 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of
about 60,000 households that provides the basic data on employment and
unemployment for the nation.  The purpose of this supplement was to obtain
information on the number and characteristics of persons who had been
displaced (as defined below) from their jobs over the prior 3 calendar
years.
   
   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  (202) 691-5200; TDD message
referral phone number:  1-800-877-8339.
   
Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error.  When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed,
there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling error,
varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate.  There is about a 90-percent 
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 
differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value 
because of sampling error.  BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 
90-percent level of confidence.
   
   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Non-sampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
   
   For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.

Concepts

   The first question asked of survey respondents was, "During the last 3
calendar years, that is, January 1999 through December 2001, did (you/name)
lose a job or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or
moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, there was insufficient 
work, or another similar reason?"  If the answer to that question was "yes," 
then the respondent was asked to identify which reason, among the following, 
best described the reason for the job loss:
     
     Plant or company closed down or moved
     Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
        Insufficient work
        Position or shift abolished
        Seasonal job completed
     Self-operated business failed
     Some other reason

   Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant or company 
closed or moved, insufficient work, or position or shift abolished--were then 
asked questions about the lost job, including how many years it had been held; 
the year the job was lost; its earnings, industry, and occupation; and whether 
health insurance had been provided.  Other questions were asked to determine 
what transpired before and after the job loss, such as:  Was the respondent 
notified of the upcoming dismissal?  How long did he/she go without work?  Did 
he/she receive unemployment benefits?  And, if so, were the benefits used up?  
Did the person move to another location after the job loss to take or look for 
another job?  Information also was collected about current health insurance 
coverage (other than Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those 
employed in January 2002.
   
   Reemployment rates and other measures concerning a worker's current employ-
ment status may not be strictly comparable between the 2002 and 2000 surveys.  
In 2002, the survey was conducted in January and, in 2000, it was done in 
February.  Between January and February of each year, there is usually a 
large seasonal increase in employment.  Hence, it is possible that reemploy-
ment rates as measured in any given January may be lower than those measured 
in February because of this seasonal employment pattern.  However, in the 
January 2002 data, it is not possible to disentangle the effects of the sea-
sonal pattern on the data from cyclical or other economic factors.
   
   
   

     Table 1.  Displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and employment status in January 2002
                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
                                                              Percent distribution by employment status       
             Age, sex, race, and              Total                                                              
               Hispanic origin             (thousands)                                                      
                                                           Total        Employed     Unemployed    Not in the 
                                                                                                  labor force 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                    TOTAL                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      3,969        100.0          63.6          21.2          15.2    
     20 to 24 years.....................        132        100.0          68.7          15.4          15.8    
     25 to 54 years.....................      3,117        100.0          67.5          21.7          10.8    
     55 to 64 years.....................        593        100.0          50.9          20.3          28.8    
     65 years and over..................        127        100.0          19.8          20.7          59.5    
                                                                                                              
                     Men                                                                                      
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      2,186        100.0          65.2          22.8          12.0    
     20 to 24 years.....................         55        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
     25 to 54 years.....................      1,740        100.0          69.0          22.9           8.1    
     55 to 64 years.....................        326        100.0          55.0          22.7          22.3    
     65 years and over..................         65        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
                                                                                                              
                    Women                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      1,783        100.0          61.6          19.3          19.1    
     20 to 24 years.....................         77        100.0          65.8          17.9          16.3    
     25 to 54 years.....................      1,377        100.0          65.7          20.2          14.2    
     55 to 64 years.....................        266        100.0          45.8          17.3          36.8    
     65 years and over..................         62        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
                                                                                                              
                    White                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      3,351        100.0          64.7          20.8          14.5    
     Men................................      1,861        100.0          66.2          23.2          10.5    
     Women..............................      1,491        100.0          62.8          17.8          19.4    
                                                                                                              
                    Black                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......        474        100.0          57.7          22.3          20.0    
     Men................................        238        100.0          60.7          17.7          21.6    
     Women..............................        236        100.0          54.6          27.0          18.4    
                                                                                                              
               Hispanic origin                                                                                
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......        335        100.0          55.0          31.0          14.0    
     Men................................        158        100.0          55.0          31.4          13.6    
     Women..............................        177        100.0          55.0          30.6          14.4    

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between
     January 1999 and December 2001 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
     abolishment of their positions or shifts.
       2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for
     the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
     population groups.  
   
   
   

     Table 2.  Displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for job loss, January 2002
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                       Percent distribution by reason for job loss     
                                                                                                                       
                                                       Total                                                           
         Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin        (thousands)                   Plant or                  Position or 
                                                                    Total        company     Insufficient     shift    
                                                                               closed down       work       abolished  
                                                                                 or moved                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                        TOTAL                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      3,969        100.0          47.2          25.4          27.3    
     20 to 24 years..............................        132        100.0          45.4          49.8           4.8    
     25 to 54 years..............................      3,117        100.0          46.5          25.3          28.2    
     55 to 64 years..............................        593        100.0          50.7          20.1          29.2    
     65 years and over...........................        127        100.0          50.9          28.1          21.0    
                                                                                                                       
                         Men                                                                                           
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      2,186        100.0          44.5          27.8          27.7    
     20 to 24 years..............................         55        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
     25 to 54 years..............................      1,740        100.0          42.3          28.9          28.7    
     55 to 64 years..............................        326        100.0          55.6          16.5          27.9    
     65 years and over...........................         65        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
                                                                                                                       
                        Women                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      1,783        100.0          50.6          22.5          26.9    
     20 to 24 years..............................         77        100.0          46.2          47.9           5.9    
     25 to 54 years..............................      1,377        100.0          51.8          20.7          27.5    
     55 to 64 years..............................        266        100.0          44.8          24.5          30.7    
     65 years and over...........................         62        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
                                                                                                                       
                        White                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      3,351        100.0          46.9          24.7          28.4    
     Men.........................................      1,861        100.0          44.6          27.0          28.4    
     Women.......................................      1,491        100.0          49.8          21.9          28.3    
                                                                                                                       
                        Black                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................        474        100.0          49.2          29.5          21.3    
     Men.........................................        238        100.0          43.3          32.5          24.1    
     Women.......................................        236        100.0          55.1          26.5          18.4    
                                                                                                                       
                   Hispanic origin                                                                                     
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................        335        100.0          50.1          33.9          16.0    
     Men.........................................        158        100.0          39.9          43.1          17.0    
     Women.......................................        177        100.0          59.2          25.6          15.2    


       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1999
     and December 2001 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their
     positions or shifts.
       2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other
     races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.  
   
   
   

     Table 3.  Displaced workers(1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment
     status in January 2002
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                              Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                                   Total                                                   
                          Characteristic                        (thousands)                                                
                                                                              Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                               labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                               TOTAL                                                                                      
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over(2)..........................     3,969      100.0        63.6        21.2        15.2   
     Received written advance notice..........................     1,690      100.0        63.1        20.1        16.8   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................     2,217      100.0        63.8        22.4        13.8   
                                                                                                                          
               Plant or company closed down or moved                                                                      
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over(2)..........................     1,874      100.0        65.7        18.4        15.9   
     Received written advance notice..........................     1,023      100.0        65.1        17.7        17.2   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................       805      100.0        66.4        19.8        13.9   
                                                                                                                          
                         Insufficient work                                                                                
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over(2)..........................     1,010      100.0        56.7        28.7        14.6   
     Received written advance notice..........................       258      100.0        49.9        35.8        14.3   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................       743      100.0        59.4        26.4        14.2   
                                                                                                                          
                    Position or shift abolished                                                                           
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over(2)..........................     1,085      100.0        66.2        19.2        14.6   
     Received written advance notice..........................       408      100.0        66.4        16.2        17.4   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................       668      100.0        65.6        21.2        13.1   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1999 and
     December 2001 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
     
   
   

     Table 4.  Displaced workers(1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January 2002
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                              Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                                   Total                                                   
             Industry and class of worker of lost job           (thousands)                                                
                                                                              Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                               labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
          Total, 20 years and over(2).........................     3,969      100.0        63.6        21.2        15.2   
     Agricultural wage and salary workers.....................        45      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
     Nonagricultural wage and salary workers..................     3,886      100.0        63.9        21.0        15.1   
       Private wage and salary workers........................     3,769      100.0        63.7        21.4        14.9   
                                                                                                                          
         Mining...............................................        35      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
         Construction.........................................       256      100.0        62.0        33.3         4.7   
                                                                                                                          
         Manufacturing........................................     1,318      100.0        55.7        25.5        18.8   
           Durable goods......................................       862      100.0        52.9        27.8        19.3   
             Lumber and wood products.........................        49      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Furniture and fixtures...........................        20      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Stone, clay, and glass products..................        24      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Primary metal industries.........................        40      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Fabricated metal products........................        79      100.0        51.4        18.9        29.6   
             Machinery, except electrical.....................       204      100.0        68.5        24.4         7.1   
             Electrical machinery.............................       238      100.0        40.8        31.9        27.3   
             Transportation equipment.........................       111      100.0        56.0        29.9        14.2   
               Automobiles....................................        59      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
               Other transportation equipment.................        53      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Professional and photographic equipment..........        49      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Other durable goods industries...................        47      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
                                                                                                                          
           Nondurable goods...................................       456      100.0        60.9        21.2        17.9   
             Food and kindred products........................        62      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Textile mill products............................        72      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Apparel and other finished textile products......        74      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Paper and allied products........................        23      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Printing and publishing..........................       108      100.0        74.8        18.1         7.1   
             Chemical and allied products.....................        64      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.......        30      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Other nondurable goods industries................        24      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
                                                                                                                          
         Transportation and public utilities..................       295      100.0        61.6        23.6        14.8   
           Transportation.....................................       173      100.0        67.2        23.6         9.2   
           Communications and other public utilities..........       122      100.0        53.6        23.7        22.7   
                                                                                                                          
         Wholesale and retail trade...........................       723      100.0        68.4        17.3        14.3   
           Wholesale trade....................................       227      100.0        74.6        18.9         6.6   
           Retail trade.......................................       495      100.0        65.6        16.6        17.8   
                                                                                                                          
         Finance, insurance, and real estate..................       284      100.0        71.2        16.6        12.3   
         Services.............................................       858      100.0        70.3        16.4        13.3   
           Professional services..............................       411      100.0        73.2         9.4        17.4   
           Other service industries...........................       447      100.0        67.7        22.7         9.6   
                                                                                                                          
       Government workers.....................................       117      100.0        71.1         7.5        21.3   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1999 and
     December 2001 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of
     worker.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
   
   
   

     Table 5.  Displaced workers(1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2002
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                       Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                            Total                                                   
                   Occupation of lost job                (thousands)                                                
                                                                       Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                        labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
          Total, 20 years and over(2)..................     3,969      100.0        63.6        21.2        15.2   
                                                                                                                   
     Managerial and professional specialty.............     1,200      100.0        68.2        18.5        13.3   
       Executive, administrative, and managerial.......       751      100.0        70.9        17.1        11.9   
       Professional specialty..........................       449      100.0        63.6        20.8        15.6   
                                                                                                                   
     Technical, sales, and administrative support......     1,133      100.0        67.1        17.7        15.2   
       Technicians and related support.................       136      100.0        63.5        18.4        18.2   
       Sales occupations...............................       446      100.0        71.2        13.8        15.0   
       Administrative support, including clerical......       551      100.0        64.7        20.7        14.6   
                                                                                                                   
     Service occupations...............................       229      100.0        62.5        17.2        20.2   
                                                                                                                   
     Precision production, craft, and repair...........       571      100.0        63.7        23.7        12.5   
       Mechanics and repairers.........................       140      100.0        82.1         9.3         8.6   
       Construction trades.............................       152      100.0        62.6        32.2         5.2   
       Other precision production, craft, and repair...       279      100.0        55.1        26.4        18.5   
                                                                                                                   
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers..............       745      100.0        53.0        29.1        17.9   
       Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors...       458      100.0        49.4        30.6        20.0   
       Transportation and material moving occupations..       171      100.0        62.0        25.7        12.3   
       Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                  
        laborers.......................................       116      100.0        53.9        27.9        18.1   
                                                                                                                   
     Farming, forestry, and fishing....................        37      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
     1999 and December 2001 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of
     their positions or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
   
   
   


     Table 6.  Displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2002
     
     (In thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                       New    Middle   East    West   South    East    West                   
                Characteristic              Total    England  Atlan-  North   North   Atlan-  South   South   Mountain Pacific
                                                               tic   Central Central   tic   Central Central                  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
            Workers who lost jobs                                                                                           
                                                                                                                            
         Total, 20 years and over........   3,969      218     539     671     260     705     243     367      264      701
     Men.................................   2,186      115     300     370     153     352     140     210      158      388
     Women...............................   1,783      103     238     301     108     354     103     157      107      313
                                                                                                                            
             Reason for job loss                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
     Plant or company closed down or                                                                                        
        moved............................   1,874      109     250     292     114     346     133     182      117      331
     Insufficient work...................   1,010       42     155     177      62     143      59      93       67      212
     Position or shift abolished.........   1,085       66     133     202      84     217      51      92       80      159
                                                                                                                            
           Industry of lost job(2)                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
     Mining..............................      35       -       10       5      -       -        7       3        7        3
     Construction........................     262        8      39      30      22      39      17      30       23       53
     Manufacturing.......................   1,320       80     167     258      74     247     125     117       52      198
       Durable goods.....................     862       59     106     187      30     126      72      75       40      165
       Nondurable goods..................     458       21      61      72      44     121      53      42       12       33
     Transportation and public utilities.     313        8      35      90      43      54       8      21       22       33
     Wholesale and retail trade..........     724       44     114      89      43     152      36      72       52      122
     Finance, insurance, and real estate.     287       18      49      39      15      51       6      25       18       65
     Services............................     917       58     111     143      57     154      38      86       76      194
       Professional services.............     471       35      49     102      29      82      21      36       42       76
       Other service industries..........     447       24      62      42      28      73      17      50       34      118
     Public administration...............      35        1       7       7     (3)       1      -        7        5        7
                                                                                                                            
              Employment status                                                                                             
               in January 2002                                                                                              
                                                                                                                            
     Employed............................   2,523      150     293     438     188     437     165     241      191      420
     Unemployed..........................     843       41     131     126      53     140      37      77       44      195
     Not in the labor force..............     604       27     115     107      20     129      42      48       29       86

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1999 and
     December 2001 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number who did not report industry.
       3 Less than 500.
       NOTE:  Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England
     Division; New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
     Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
     and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland,
     North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky,
     Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose
     the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the
     Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division.  Dash represents
     zero.
   
   
   

     Table 7.  Displaced workers(1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2002 by industry
     of lost job and characteristics of new job
     
     (In thousands)
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                          Reemployed in January 2002                       
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                          Wage and salary workers                          
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                     Full time                             
                                                                                                                    Self-  
                 Industry of lost job                                                                              employed
                                                   Total                   Earnings relative to those of lost job    and   
                                                            Part                                                    unpaid 
                                                            time                                                    family 
                                                                    Total     20      Below,   Equal or     20     workers 
                                                                     (2)   percent     but      above,   percent           
                                                                           or more  within 20    but     or more           
                                                                            below    percent  within 20   above            
                                                                                               percent                     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
         Total who lost full-time wage and salary                                                                          
           jobs(3)...............................   2,298     234   1,893      450       356       483       255       171 
                                                                                                                           
     Mining......................................      26      -       22        7         6         5         4         4 
     Construction................................     154       2     135       38        17        35        27        17 
     Manufacturing...............................     719      52     620      185       143       119        65        46 
       Durable goods(4)..........................     447      35     373      114        80        66        39        39 
         Primary metal industries................      20       2      16        2         7         4        -          2 
         Fabricated metal products...............      37       4      31        9        15         2        -          1 
         Machinery, except electrical............     137       2     119       38        31        14        11        16 
         Electrical machinery....................      97      10      78       19        10        18        13         8 
         Transportation equipment................      61       4      53       25         7         4         7         4 
           Automobiles...........................      34      -       30       18         3         1         4         4 
           Other transportation equipment........      27       4      23        7         4         3         3        -    
       Nondurable goods..........................     271      17     248       71        62        53        26         7 
                                                                                                                           
     Transportation and public utilities.........     188      26     151       35        31        36        16        12 
     Wholesale and retail trade..................     432      60     335       72        51       107        42        37 
     Finance, insurance, and real estate.........     192      20     157       28        24        51        27        16 
     Services....................................     539      63     439       77        81       124        70        37 
       Professional services.....................     288      33     236       47        42        73        34        19 
       Other service industries..................     251      30     204       29        39        52        36        18 
     Public administration.......................      17       4      13       -          3         6         4       (5)   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1999 and
     December 2001 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Includes about 349,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
       3 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
       4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
       5 Less than 500.
       NOTE:  Dash represents zero.
   
   
   

     Table 8.  Total displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2002
                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
                                                                     Percent distribution by employment status
                                                            Total                                              
                       Characteristic                    (thousands)                                           
                                                                      Total  Employed  Unemployed   Not in the
                                                                                                   labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                   Workers who lost jobs                                                                      
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over......................     9,933     100.0     64.4       22.0        13.6   
     20 to 24 years....................................     1,284     100.0     65.2       23.3        11.5   
     25 to 54 years....................................     7,470     100.0     66.8       21.9        11.4   
     55 to 64 years....................................       976     100.0     52.5       22.5        25.0   
     65 years and over.................................       204     100.0     30.2       14.3        55.4   
                                                                                                              
         Men...........................................     5,564     100.0     66.5       23.2        10.2   
     20 to 24 years....................................       663     100.0     65.2       25.3         9.5   
     25 to 54 years....................................     4,257     100.0     68.9       23.0         8.0   
     55 to 64 years....................................       528     100.0     57.2       23.4        19.4   
     65 years and over.................................       116     100.0     27.9       17.8        54.3   
                                                                                                              
         Women.........................................     4,369     100.0     61.8       20.3        17.9   
     20 to 24 years....................................       621     100.0     65.2       21.2        13.5   
     25 to 54 years....................................     3,213     100.0     63.9       20.3        15.8   
     55 to 64 years....................................       448     100.0     46.9       21.4        31.6   
     65 years and over.................................        88     100.0     33.4        9.7        56.9   
                                                                                                              
     White.............................................     8,165     100.0     66.0       20.5        13.5   
     Black.............................................     1,312     100.0     55.9       29.8        14.4   
     Hispanic origin...................................     1,108     100.0     61.2       26.0        12.8   
                                                                                                              
                    Reason for job loss                                                                       
                                                                                                              
     Plant or company closed down or moved.............     3,870     100.0     67.5       18.4        14.1   
     Insufficient work.................................     3,666     100.0     60.3       27.1        12.6   
     Position or shift abolished.......................     2,397     100.0     65.9       19.8        14.4   
                                                                                                              
       Occupation and industry and class of worker of                                                         
                        lost job(2)                                                                           
                                                                                                              
     Managerial and professional specialty.............     2,561     100.0     69.6       19.6        10.9   
     Technical, sales, and administrative support......     2,888     100.0     66.2       19.6        14.2   
     Service occupations...............................       876     100.0     61.4       20.7        17.9   
     Precision production, craft, and repair...........     1,306     100.0     66.4       23.0        10.6   
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers..............     1,898     100.0     55.6       28.0        16.4   
     Farming, forestry, and fishing....................       101     100.0     62.2       24.3        13.5   
                                                                                                              
     Agricultural wage and salary workers..............        96     100.0     61.6       24.7        13.7   
     Nonagricultural wage and salary workers...........     9,518     100.0     64.5       21.9        13.6   
       Private wage and salary workers.................     9,200     100.0     64.4       22.4        13.2   
         Mining........................................        71     100.0     (3)        (3)         (3)    
         Construction..................................       773     100.0     66.0       26.6         7.5   
         Manufacturing.................................     2,464     100.0     57.6       25.4        17.0   
           Durable goods...............................     1,651     100.0     56.3       26.8        16.9   
           Nondurable goods............................       813     100.0     60.2       22.5        17.3   
         Transportation and public utilities...........       776     100.0     62.1       28.4         9.5   
         Wholesale and retail trade....................     1,967     100.0     67.5       19.2        13.3   
           Wholesale trade.............................       439     100.0     72.7       20.8         6.5   
           Retail trade................................     1,528     100.0     66.0       18.7        15.3   
         Finance, insurance, and real estate...........       572     100.0     75.1       13.8        11.1   
         Services......................................     2,578     100.0     66.2       20.9        12.9   
       Government workers..............................       318     100.0     69.9        6.1        24.1   

       1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job
     between January 1999 and December 2001 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work,
     or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation or
     industry.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for
     the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
     population groups.