For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, October 18, 2023 USDL-23-2226

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2023

Job openings rates increased in 13 states and decreased in 2 states on the last business day of August, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 4 states and decreased in 1 state.

Total separations rates increased in 5 states and decreased in 4 states. Nationally, the job openings rate 

increased in August, while the hires and total separations rates were unchanged.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In August, job openings rates increased in 13 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 35

states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in Alaska

(+3.7 percentage points), Utah (+1.4 points), and Iowa (+1.0 point). The decreases occurred in New 

Hampshire (-0.9 point) and New Jersey (-0.7 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate

increased (+0.4 point). (See table 1.)

The number of job openings increased in 23 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little changed in 25

states and the District of Columbia in August. The largest increases in the job openings level occurred in

Illinois (+61,000) and New York (+46,000), as well as in Florida and Ohio (+42,000 each). The 

decreases occurred in New Jersey (-33,000) and New Hampshire (-7,000). Nationally, the number of job 

openings increased over the month (+690,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In August, hires rates increased in 4 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 45 states and 

the District of Columbia. The increases in the hires rates occurred in Alaska (+0.9 percentage point) and

Kentucky (+0.8 point), as well as in New Jersey and Texas (+0.6 point each). The decrease occurred in 

California (-0.6 point). The national hires rate was unchanged over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 45 states and 

the District of Columbia in August. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Texas (+86,000), 

New Jersey (+28,000), and Kentucky (+17,000). The decrease occurred in California (-109,000). 

Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Total Separations

In August, total separations rates increased in 5 states, decreased in 4 states, and were little changed in

41 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in total separations rates occurred in Illinois

(+1.1 percentage points) and in Alaska, Nebraska, and North Dakota (+0.9 point each). The decreases

occurred in New Hampshire (-1.0 point) as well as in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Jersey 

(-0.7 point each). Over the month, the national total separations rate was unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 8 states, decreased in 4 states, and was little changed in 

38 states and the District of Columbia in August. The largest increases occurred in Illinois (+67,000),

Minnesota (+19,000), and Louisiana (+13,000). The largest decreases in the total separations level 

occurred in New Jersey (-32,000), Massachusetts (-25,000), and Connecticut (-13,000). Nationally, the 

number of total separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)

Quits

In August, quits rates increased in 6 states, decreased in 3 states, and were little changed in 41 states

and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in quits rates occurred in North Dakota 

(+0.7 percentage point) as well as in Louisiana and Nebraska (+0.6 point each). The decreases occurred 

in Connecticut and Florida (-0.6 point each) and in New Jersey (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national 

quits rate was unchanged. (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 10 states, decreased in 4 states, and was little changed in 36 states and 

the District of Columbia in August. The largest increases in the quits level occurred in Texas

(+37,000), Illinois (+28,000), and Colorado (+15,000). The largest decreases occurred in Florida 

(-57,000), New York (-20,000), and New Jersey (-19,000). Nationally, the number of quits changed little

over the month. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In August, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 6 states, increased in 3 states, and were little 

changed in 41 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates 

occurred in Massachusetts (-0.7 percentage point) and in Mississippi and New Hampshire 

(-0.6 point each). The increases occurred in Minnesota (+0.9 point), Illinois (+0.6 point), and New York 

(+0.3 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 7 states, increased in 3 states, and was little 

changed in 40 states and the District of Columbia in August. The largest decreases in the layoffs and 

discharges levels occurred in Massachusetts (-24,000), New Jersey (-20,000), and Virginia (-16,000).

The increases occurred in Illinois (+37,000), New York (+29,000), and Minnesota (+25,000). 

Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Monday, November 20, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 10,198 9,616 9,165 8,920 9,610 690 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.4 5.8 0.4

Alabama.................................. 139 137 138 129 138 9 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.6 6.0 0.4

Alaska..................................... 40 27 26 24 39 15 11.1 7.7 7.4 6.9 10.6 3.7

Arizona.................................... 241 200 184 199 201 2 7.2 6.0 5.5 5.9 6.0 0.1

Arkansas.................................. 96 99 91 84 91 7 6.7 6.8 6.3 5.8 6.2 0.4

California................................. 1,161 912 926 975 1,011 36 6.1 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.3 0.2

Colorado.................................. 201 188 181 191 204 13 6.5 6.1 5.9 6.2 6.5 0.3

Connecticut............................... 116 82 90 91 96 5 6.5 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.4 0.3

Delaware................................. 34 35 33 33 33 0 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.4 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 38 44 42 43 39 -4 4.7 5.4 5.1 5.3 4.8 -0.5

Florida..................................... 618 623 618 570 612 42 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.9 0.4

Georgia................................... 382 371 340 323 350 27 7.3 7.0 6.5 6.2 6.6 0.4

Hawaii..................................... 39 33 31 33 36 3 5.9 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.4 0.5

Idaho...................................... 59 55 50 55 57 2 6.6 6.1 5.5 6.1 6.3 0.2

Illinois..................................... 412 422 363 349 410 61 6.4 6.4 5.6 5.4 6.3 0.9

Indiana.................................... 192 185 167 162 171 9 5.6 5.4 4.9 4.7 5.0 0.3

Iowa....................................... 105 102 85 75 92 17 6.3 6.0 5.1 4.5 5.5 1.0

Kansas.................................... 98 90 82 82 90 8 6.4 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.9 0.5

Kentucky.................................. 155 144 126 111 126 15 7.3 6.7 5.9 5.2 5.9 0.7

Louisiana................................. 132 156 147 126 139 13 6.4 7.4 7.0 6.0 6.6 0.6

Maine..................................... 43 42 37 41 40 -1 6.3 6.1 5.4 6.0 5.8 -0.2

Maryland.................................. 181 204 197 165 183 18 6.2 6.9 6.7 5.7 6.2 0.5

Massachusetts........................... 261 254 253 236 246 10 6.6 6.3 6.3 5.9 6.1 0.2

Michigan.................................. 261 247 239 216 239 23 5.6 5.3 5.1 4.6 5.1 0.5

Minnesota................................ 205 208 199 192 214 22 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.0 6.7 0.7

Mississippi................................ 82 87 85 80 83 3 6.6 6.9 6.8 6.4 6.6 0.2

Missouri................................... 187 173 155 167 184 17 6.0 5.5 4.9 5.3 5.8 0.5

Montana.................................. 39 36 35 35 37 2 7.1 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.6 0.2

Nebraska................................. 66 63 59 54 63 9 6.0 5.7 5.3 4.9 5.7 0.8

Nevada.................................... 99 104 92 92 104 12 6.2 6.3 5.6 5.6 6.2 0.6

New Hampshire.......................... 45 40 43 50 43 -7 6.1 5.4 5.8 6.7 5.8 -0.9

New Jersey............................... 251 194 226 243 210 -33 5.5 4.3 5.0 5.3 4.6 -0.7

New Mexico.............................. 64 65 59 65 63 -2 7.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.8 -0.2

New York................................. 513 434 446 441 487 46 5.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.8 0.5

North Carolina........................... 341 407 330 316 343 27 6.6 7.7 6.3 6.0 6.5 0.5

North Dakota............................. 28 30 28 26 28 2 6.1 6.5 6.0 5.6 6.0 0.4

Ohio....................................... 361 372 351 314 356 42 6.1 6.2 5.9 5.3 5.9 0.6

Oklahoma................................. 124 128 120 104 116 12 6.8 6.9 6.5 5.7 6.3 0.6

Oregon.................................... 131 117 105 111 119 8 6.3 5.5 5.0 5.3 5.6 0.3

Pennsylvania............................. 385 345 350 342 370 28 6.0 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.7 0.4

Rhode Island............................. 36 27 29 29 31 2 6.7 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.9 0.3

South Carolina........................... 163 177 168 168 175 7 6.7 7.2 6.8 6.8 7.1 0.3

South Dakota............................ 30 31 28 25 30 5 6.2 6.3 5.7 5.2 6.1 0.9

Tennessee................................ 231 237 225 189 225 36 6.6 6.7 6.3 5.4 6.3 0.9

Texas..................................... 890 824 782 774 809 35 6.2 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.5 0.2

Utah....................................... 114 105 95 105 133 28 6.3 5.7 5.2 5.7 7.1 1.4

Vermont................................... 20 18 19 18 18 0 6.2 5.5 5.9 5.6 5.6 0.0

Virginia.................................... 309 305 290 243 274 31 7.0 6.9 6.5 5.5 6.2 0.7

Washington............................... 207 180 168 189 195 6 5.5 4.7 4.4 4.9 5.1 0.2

West Virginia............................. 55 56 53 52 54 2 7.3 7.4 7.0 6.9 7.1 0.2

Wisconsin................................. 199 183 162 165 187 22 6.3 5.7 5.1 5.2 5.8 0.6

Wyoming.................................. 22 19 18 19 19 0 7.2 6.1 5.8 6.1 6.1 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,478 6,231 5,940 5,822 5,857 35 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.7 0.0

Alabama.................................. 96 107 96 97 96 -1 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 0.0

Alaska..................................... 24 21 20 16 19 3 7.5 6.5 6.2 4.9 5.8 0.9

Arizona.................................... 154 147 135 127 130 3 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.0 4.1 0.1

Arkansas.................................. 63 66 63 59 59 0 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.3 0.0

California................................. 683 532 617 620 511 -109 3.8 2.9 3.4 3.4 2.8 -0.6

Colorado.................................. 125 119 112 87 101 14 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.0 3.5 0.5

Connecticut............................... 58 58 52 61 63 2 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.7 0.1

Delaware................................. 25 24 24 26 24 -2 5.3 4.9 4.9 5.4 5.0 -0.4

District of Columbia..................... 24 28 25 26 24 -2 3.1 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.1 -0.3

Florida..................................... 399 402 377 388 381 -7 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Georgia................................... 272 221 218 236 231 -5 5.6 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Hawaii..................................... 25 21 21 21 22 1 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 0.2

Idaho...................................... 46 42 37 38 34 -4 5.5 4.9 4.3 4.5 4.0 -0.5

Illinois..................................... 266 267 239 210 239 29 4.4 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.9 0.5

Indiana.................................... 145 153 123 138 119 -19 4.5 4.7 3.8 4.2 3.6 -0.6

Iowa....................................... 62 63 55 53 54 1 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.4 0.1

Kansas.................................... 56 59 52 56 55 -1 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Kentucky.................................. 106 92 85 82 99 17 5.4 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.9 0.8

Louisiana................................. 103 105 115 111 102 -9 5.3 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.2 -0.5

Maine..................................... 26 25 24 23 26 3 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.0 0.4

Maryland.................................. 108 113 104 109 109 0 4.0 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.0 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 114 113 121 120 124 4 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 0.1

Michigan.................................. 173 167 155 166 152 -14 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Minnesota................................ 111 121 102 105 100 -5 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Mississippi................................ 58 56 57 57 50 -7 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.3 -0.6

Missouri................................... 130 116 102 99 106 7 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.5 0.2

Montana.................................. 31 28 28 25 24 -1 6.0 5.4 5.4 4.8 4.6 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 39 42 40 38 39 1 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.7 0.1

Nevada.................................... 76 64 65 64 59 -5 5.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 3.8 -0.3

New Hampshire.......................... 27 28 25 29 30 1 3.9 4.0 3.6 4.2 4.3 0.1

New Jersey............................... 139 161 168 146 174 28 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.4 4.0 0.6

New Mexico.............................. 42 37 34 39 33 -6 4.9 4.3 3.9 4.5 3.8 -0.7

New York................................. 295 277 282 287 298 11 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 0.1

North Carolina........................... 227 222 204 183 206 23 4.7 4.5 4.2 3.7 4.2 0.5

North Dakota............................. 20 21 19 17 17 0 4.7 4.8 4.3 3.9 3.9 0.0

Ohio....................................... 232 214 200 189 196 7 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.5 0.1

Oklahoma................................. 87 80 78 85 80 -5 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Oregon.................................... 114 88 77 70 72 2 5.8 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.6 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 221 205 181 177 187 10 3.7 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.0 0.1

Rhode Island............................. 22 21 19 19 21 2 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.9 4.3 0.4

South Carolina........................... 104 114 112 100 106 6 4.6 5.0 4.9 4.3 4.6 0.3

South Dakota............................ 21 20 20 18 18 0 4.6 4.3 4.3 3.9 3.9 0.0

Tennessee................................ 164 172 154 158 152 -6 5.0 5.2 4.6 4.8 4.6 -0.2

Texas..................................... 628 619 572 526 612 86 4.6 4.4 4.1 3.8 4.4 0.6

Utah....................................... 79 73 68 64 56 -8 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.2 -0.5

Vermont................................... 13 13 12 11 13 2 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.6 4.2 0.6

Virginia.................................... 160 174 177 179 163 -16 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Washington............................... 125 149 119 123 112 -11 3.5 4.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 -0.3

West Virginia............................. 33 34 33 36 33 -3 4.8 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.7 -0.4

Wisconsin................................. 115 124 108 100 111 11 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.3 3.7 0.4

Wyoming.................................. 15 13 13 13 12 -1 5.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.1 -0.4

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,244 5,925 5,691 5,638 5,676 38 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 0.0

Alabama.................................. 108 104 87 101 97 -4 5.1 4.8 4.0 4.7 4.5 -0.2

Alaska..................................... 30 17 16 20 23 3 9.4 5.2 4.9 6.1 7.0 0.9

Arizona.................................... 144 119 160 131 121 -10 4.6 3.8 5.1 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Arkansas.................................. 60 66 54 56 56 0 4.5 4.8 4.0 4.1 4.1 0.0

California................................. 652 522 518 496 468 -28 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 114 106 110 106 115 9 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.9 0.3

Connecticut............................... 56 64 56 60 47 -13 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.5 2.8 -0.7

Delaware................................. 22 30 23 23 22 -1 4.6 6.2 4.7 4.8 4.6 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 25 28 25 25 24 -1 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Florida..................................... 433 408 412 363 328 -35 4.6 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Georgia................................... 279 247 191 203 210 7 5.8 5.0 3.9 4.1 4.3 0.2

Hawaii..................................... 24 20 19 21 21 0 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.3 0.0

Idaho...................................... 44 36 35 39 40 1 5.3 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.7 0.1

Illinois..................................... 202 210 216 186 253 67 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.0 4.1 1.1

Indiana.................................... 140 132 131 132 132 0 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0

Iowa....................................... 64 57 59 60 69 9 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.3 0.5

Kansas.................................... 53 54 65 49 58 9 3.7 3.7 4.5 3.4 4.0 0.6

Kentucky.................................. 94 99 84 85 84 -1 4.8 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.2 0.0

Louisiana................................. 91 107 92 86 99 13 4.7 5.5 4.7 4.4 5.0 0.6

Maine..................................... 25 29 22 22 19 -3 3.9 4.5 3.4 3.4 2.9 -0.5

Maryland.................................. 114 117 95 103 110 7 4.2 4.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 0.2

Massachusetts........................... 119 104 103 97 72 -25 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.6 1.9 -0.7

Michigan.................................. 134 164 154 152 158 6 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.6 0.2

Minnesota................................ 108 101 111 110 129 19 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.3 0.6

Mississippi................................ 65 63 51 60 53 -7 5.6 5.4 4.3 5.1 4.5 -0.6

Missouri................................... 115 107 98 102 117 15 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.9 0.5

Montana.................................. 31 27 27 29 27 -2 6.0 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.2 -0.4

Nebraska................................. 37 38 37 38 47 9 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 4.5 0.9

Nevada.................................... 67 65 65 64 62 -2 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 33 30 31 30 23 -7 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.3 3.3 -1.0

New Jersey............................... 154 125 128 153 121 -32 3.6 2.9 3.0 3.5 2.8 -0.7

New Mexico.............................. 36 33 36 37 33 -4 4.2 3.8 4.1 4.3 3.8 -0.5

New York................................. 278 283 256 250 267 17 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7 0.1

North Carolina........................... 206 217 198 202 218 16 4.3 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.4 0.3

North Dakota............................. 18 16 20 18 22 4 4.2 3.7 4.6 4.1 5.0 0.9

Ohio....................................... 229 211 200 213 213 0 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.8 0.0

Oklahoma................................. 80 75 76 74 71 -3 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Oregon.................................... 94 79 73 76 77 1 4.8 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8 0.0

Pennsylvania............................. 217 193 203 182 170 -12 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Rhode Island............................. 21 21 17 20 17 -3 4.2 4.2 3.4 4.1 3.4 -0.7

South Carolina........................... 107 104 96 100 106 6 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.6 0.3

South Dakota............................ 16 18 19 20 21 1 3.5 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 0.2

Tennessee................................ 163 166 133 143 141 -2 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Texas..................................... 608 554 571 541 561 20 4.5 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 0.1

Utah....................................... 79 79 70 75 77 2 4.7 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.5 0.2

Vermont................................... 13 14 12 13 11 -2 4.3 4.6 3.9 4.2 3.6 -0.6

Virginia.................................... 153 184 164 175 164 -11 3.7 4.4 4.0 4.2 3.9 -0.3

Washington............................... 118 120 114 136 130 -6 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.6 -0.1

West Virginia............................. 34 35 37 35 35 0 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.0 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 113 110 103 111 120 9 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.7 4.0 0.3

Wyoming.................................. 20 15 15 15 16 1 7.0 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.5 0.4

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 4,242 4,067 3,802 3,619 3,638 19 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 0.0

Alabama.................................. 78 81 62 63 68 5 3.7 3.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 0.3

Alaska..................................... 18 11 11 11 13 2 5.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.0 0.6

Arizona.................................... 105 90 104 94 83 -11 3.4 2.9 3.3 3.0 2.6 -0.4

Arkansas.................................. 42 48 37 37 39 2 3.1 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 0.1

California................................. 419 341 340 312 279 -33 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 70 72 75 67 82 15 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.8 0.5

Connecticut............................... 37 42 33 33 23 -10 2.2 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.4 -0.6

Delaware................................. 16 21 16 15 15 0 3.4 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 17 20 18 16 16 0 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.1 0.0

Florida..................................... 287 293 297 273 216 -57 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.2 -0.6

Georgia................................... 179 164 128 143 138 -5 3.7 3.3 2.6 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Hawaii..................................... 16 13 12 12 13 1 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.1 0.2

Idaho...................................... 29 25 24 25 26 1 3.5 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 0.1

Illinois..................................... 130 136 149 112 140 28 2.1 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.3 0.5

Indiana.................................... 89 90 89 84 91 7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 0.2

Iowa....................................... 43 35 36 38 45 7 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.8 0.4

Kansas.................................... 35 37 44 31 38 7 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.1 2.6 0.5

Kentucky.................................. 67 73 56 59 60 1 3.4 3.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 0.1

Louisiana................................. 63 73 62 58 71 13 3.3 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.6 0.6

Maine..................................... 16 20 13 11 10 -1 2.5 3.1 2.0 1.7 1.5 -0.2

Maryland.................................. 74 80 64 62 73 11 2.7 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.6 0.3

Massachusetts........................... 85 63 58 48 44 -4 2.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Michigan.................................. 91 103 105 92 95 3 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.1 0.0

Minnesota................................ 74 70 74 70 68 -2 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 0.0

Mississippi................................ 45 42 36 37 37 0 3.9 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.2 0.0

Missouri................................... 74 75 62 66 79 13 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.6 0.4

Montana.................................. 21 19 18 16 17 1 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.1 3.3 0.2

Nebraska................................. 25 24 24 24 30 6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.9 0.6

Nevada.................................... 45 45 45 41 41 0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.6 0.0

New Hampshire.......................... 18 17 19 15 12 -3 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.1 1.7 -0.4

New Jersey............................... 113 76 68 90 71 -19 2.6 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 -0.5

New Mexico.............................. 25 23 25 21 21 0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.4 0.0

New York................................. 174 187 141 138 118 -20 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.2 -0.2

North Carolina........................... 143 155 143 135 144 9 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.9 0.2

North Dakota............................. 11 12 13 11 14 3 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.5 3.2 0.7

Ohio....................................... 155 141 132 137 146 9 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.6 0.2

Oklahoma................................. 58 53 55 50 46 -4 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Oregon.................................... 58 53 49 46 47 1 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 0.0

Pennsylvania............................. 156 123 126 122 108 -14 2.6 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 -0.2

Rhode Island............................. 13 13 10 9 9 0 2.6 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.0

South Carolina........................... 72 76 69 69 76 7 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.3 0.3

South Dakota............................ 11 12 13 12 13 1 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 0.2

Tennessee................................ 114 122 94 95 100 5 3.5 3.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 0.1

Texas..................................... 468 415 411 373 410 37 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 0.2

Utah....................................... 57 54 46 49 50 1 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.9 0.1

Vermont................................... 9 9 7 7 7 0 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Virginia.................................... 105 134 111 109 113 4 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 0.1

Washington............................... 79 81 73 81 77 -4 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.1 -0.1

West Virginia............................. 24 24 24 23 24 1 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 0.1

Wisconsin................................. 77 73 71 69 73 4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 12 10 10 9 10 1 4.2 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.4 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,627 1,546 1,551 1,681 1,680 -1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

Alabama.................................. 25 20 20 34 24 -10 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.1 -0.5

Alaska..................................... 10 4 5 7 8 1 3.1 1.2 1.5 2.1 2.4 0.3

Arizona.................................... 33 22 51 30 32 2 1.1 0.7 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.0

Arkansas.................................. 15 15 14 16 14 -2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

California................................. 188 150 148 164 155 -9 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0

Colorado.................................. 36 29 31 34 27 -7 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 -0.3

Connecticut............................... 14 17 16 23 20 -3 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.2 -0.2

Delaware................................. 6 7 6 7 6 -1 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 6 6 6 7 6 -1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Florida..................................... 112 99 96 74 82 8 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.0

Georgia................................... 91 73 50 51 61 10 1.9 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.2

Hawaii..................................... 7 6 6 6 6 0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

Idaho...................................... 13 10 10 11 11 0 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.0

Illinois..................................... 57 64 55 63 100 37 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.6 0.6

Indiana.................................... 41 34 34 42 35 -7 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 -0.2

Iowa....................................... 17 18 19 18 20 2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.2

Kansas.................................... 15 14 17 14 18 4 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.2

Kentucky.................................. 22 21 24 22 20 -2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Louisiana................................. 22 25 24 24 23 -1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0

Maine..................................... 7 7 7 9 7 -2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Maryland.................................. 31 31 25 34 29 -5 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Massachusetts........................... 26 31 35 44 20 -24 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.5 -0.7

Michigan.................................. 36 52 38 51 54 3 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.0

Minnesota................................ 28 25 31 31 56 25 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.9 0.9

Mississippi................................ 18 19 12 20 13 -7 1.5 1.6 1.0 1.7 1.1 -0.6

Missouri................................... 34 24 28 28 31 3 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Montana.................................. 9 7 8 9 8 -1 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.5 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 9 12 10 11 14 3 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.2

Nevada.................................... 19 17 18 18 17 -1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 9 11 9 13 9 -4 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.3 -0.6

New Jersey............................... 32 37 47 55 35 -20 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.8 -0.5

New Mexico.............................. 9 8 10 12 9 -3 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.0 -0.4

New York................................. 82 84 91 99 128 29 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.3

North Carolina........................... 47 51 44 51 62 11 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.3

North Dakota............................. 6 4 5 6 7 1 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 0.2

Ohio....................................... 61 57 56 65 60 -5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Oklahoma................................. 18 19 18 19 21 2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.1

Oregon.................................... 27 21 22 23 24 1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 51 58 55 52 49 -3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.0

Rhode Island............................. 6 7 6 9 7 -2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.4 -0.4

South Carolina........................... 25 22 22 27 26 -1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

South Dakota............................ 4 5 5 6 7 1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5 0.2

Tennessee................................ 42 38 32 43 33 -10 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 -0.3

Texas..................................... 125 119 141 119 131 12 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

Utah....................................... 19 21 22 22 21 -1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Vermont................................... 3 4 3 5 3 -2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.0 -0.6

Virginia.................................... 39 43 46 57 41 -16 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 -0.4

Washington............................... 31 31 35 46 39 -7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 -0.2

West Virginia............................. 8 9 10 10 9 -1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Wisconsin................................. 30 32 25 33 40 7 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.2

Wyoming.................................. 7 5 5 4 4 0 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 10,370 9,660 9,577 6.3 5.8 5.8

Alabama................................................................. 141 135 138 6.3 5.9 6.1

Alaska................................................................... 39 28 37 10.4 7.6 9.7

Arizona.................................................................. 264 206 222 7.9 6.2 6.6

Arkansas................................................................ 105 89 97 7.3 6.1 6.7

California................................................................ 1,167 1,040 1,011 6.2 5.5 5.3

Colorado................................................................ 205 197 203 6.6 6.3 6.5

Connecticut............................................................. 114 98 94 6.4 5.5 5.3

Delaware................................................................ 30 44 28 6.0 8.3 5.5

District of Columbia.................................................... 35 51 34 4.4 6.1 4.2

Florida................................................................... 623 608 596 6.2 5.9 5.8

Georgia.................................................................. 388 347 348 7.4 6.6 6.6

Hawaii................................................................... 39 38 36 6.0 5.7 5.5

Idaho.................................................................... 56 59 53 6.3 6.4 5.8

Illinois.................................................................... 403 369 398 6.2 5.6 6.1

Indiana.................................................................. 198 175 172 5.8 5.1 5.0

Iowa..................................................................... 98 80 83 5.9 4.8 5.0

Kansas.................................................................. 99 97 90 6.6 6.3 5.9

Kentucky................................................................ 166 120 132 7.8 5.7 6.1

Louisiana................................................................ 144 140 144 7.0 6.7 6.9

Maine.................................................................... 42 46 38 6.0 6.4 5.5

Maryland................................................................ 170 197 160 5.9 6.7 5.5

Massachusetts......................................................... 257 247 237 6.5 6.1 5.8

Michigan................................................................ 274 224 240 5.9 4.8 5.1

Minnesota............................................................... 204 216 208 6.4 6.7 6.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 95 91 93 7.6 7.3 7.4

Missouri................................................................. 187 181 183 6.0 5.7 5.8

Montana................................................................. 39 38 36 7.0 6.7 6.3

Nebraska................................................................ 65 59 62 6.0 5.3 5.6

Nevada.................................................................. 101 92 103 6.3 5.6 6.2

New Hampshire........................................................ 46 55 42 6.2 7.3 5.6

New Jersey............................................................. 249 254 199 5.5 5.5 4.4

New Mexico............................................................ 76 75 72 8.2 8.0 7.7

New York............................................................... 517 493 501 5.1 4.8 4.9

North Carolina.......................................................... 347 345 335 6.7 6.6 6.4

North Dakota........................................................... 28 27 28 6.2 5.8 6.1

Ohio..................................................................... 363 330 351 6.1 5.5 5.8

Oklahoma............................................................... 130 112 118 7.1 6.1 6.4

Oregon.................................................................. 134 121 120 6.4 5.7 5.7

Pennsylvania........................................................... 372 339 354 5.9 5.2 5.4

Rhode Island........................................................... 38 30 32 7.1 5.6 6.1

South Carolina......................................................... 160 184 168 6.6 7.4 6.8

South Dakota........................................................... 31 24 31 6.4 5.0 6.1

Tennessee.............................................................. 254 218 239 7.2 6.2 6.8

Texas.................................................................... 953 877 849 6.6 5.9 5.8

Utah..................................................................... 113 110 134 6.3 6.0 7.2

Vermont................................................................. 19 21 16 5.9 6.4 5.1

Virginia.................................................................. 309 267 263 7.0 6.0 6.0

Washington............................................................. 207 211 191 5.5 5.4 5.0

West Virginia........................................................... 57 60 53 7.6 7.8 7.0

Wisconsin............................................................... 196 174 184 6.1 5.4 5.7

Wyoming................................................................ 22 20 19 6.9 6.4 6.0

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 7,301 6,305 6,556 4.8 4.0 4.2

Alabama................................................................. 105 100 105 5.0 4.7 4.9

Alaska................................................................... 26 20 21 7.8 5.9 6.1

Arizona.................................................................. 189 139 162 6.1 4.5 5.2

Arkansas................................................................ 85 61 80 6.4 4.5 5.9

California................................................................ 801 671 588 4.5 3.7 3.3

Colorado................................................................ 136 100 106 4.7 3.4 3.6

Connecticut............................................................. 62 64 68 3.7 3.8 4.0

Delaware................................................................ 23 36 22 4.8 7.3 4.5

District of Columbia.................................................... 23 34 23 3.0 4.3 2.9

Florida................................................................... 455 373 433 4.8 3.9 4.5

Georgia.................................................................. 311 267 266 6.4 5.5 5.4

Hawaii................................................................... 27 26 24 4.4 4.1 3.9

Idaho.................................................................... 49 44 34 5.8 5.1 4.0

Illinois.................................................................... 291 218 265 4.8 3.5 4.3

Indiana.................................................................. 171 151 141 5.3 4.6 4.3

Iowa..................................................................... 64 54 54 4.1 3.4 3.4

Kansas.................................................................. 66 62 65 4.7 4.3 4.5

Kentucky................................................................ 135 83 127 6.9 4.2 6.3

Louisiana................................................................ 118 122 117 6.1 6.2 6.0

Maine.................................................................... 24 28 24 3.6 4.3 3.6

Maryland................................................................ 100 135 98 3.7 4.9 3.5

Massachusetts......................................................... 111 141 122 3.0 3.7 3.2

Michigan................................................................ 184 163 160 4.2 3.7 3.6

Minnesota............................................................... 128 115 110 4.3 3.8 3.7

Mississippi.............................................................. 77 63 66 6.7 5.4 5.6

Missouri................................................................. 150 101 122 5.1 3.4 4.1

Montana................................................................. 33 28 25 6.4 5.3 4.7

Nebraska................................................................ 45 38 43 4.4 3.6 4.1

Nevada.................................................................. 92 66 70 6.1 4.2 4.5

New Hampshire........................................................ 28 36 33 4.1 5.1 4.7

New Jersey............................................................. 135 163 168 3.2 3.7 3.9

New Mexico............................................................ 58 47 45 6.8 5.4 5.1

New York............................................................... 303 346 307 3.2 3.6 3.2

North Carolina.......................................................... 255 197 232 5.3 4.0 4.7

North Dakota........................................................... 22 16 19 5.2 3.8 4.4

Ohio..................................................................... 260 193 221 4.7 3.4 3.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 102 89 95 6.0 5.2 5.5

Oregon.................................................................. 122 82 76 6.2 4.1 3.8

Pennsylvania........................................................... 238 178 202 4.0 2.9 3.3

Rhode Island........................................................... 24 19 22 4.7 3.9 4.4

South Carolina......................................................... 116 108 118 5.1 4.7 5.1

South Dakota........................................................... 25 17 21 5.5 3.6 4.6

Tennessee.............................................................. 188 168 176 5.8 5.1 5.3

Texas.................................................................... 735 564 731 5.4 4.1 5.3

Utah..................................................................... 94 68 64 5.6 4.0 3.7

Vermont................................................................. 12 13 12 3.9 4.3 4.1

Virginia.................................................................. 189 189 187 4.6 4.6 4.5

Washington............................................................. 138 146 118 3.9 4.0 3.2

West Virginia........................................................... 38 41 38 5.5 5.8 5.4

Wisconsin............................................................... 121 108 117 4.0 3.6 3.9

Wyoming................................................................ 16 15 13 5.5 4.9 4.2

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 7,351 6,175 6,805 4.8 4.0 4.4

Alabama................................................................. 126 109 116 6.0 5.1 5.4

Alaska................................................................... 39 17 33 11.4 5.0 9.7

Arizona.................................................................. 154 158 127 5.0 5.1 4.0

Arkansas................................................................ 68 71 64 5.1 5.3 4.7

California................................................................ 769 537 551 4.3 3.0 3.1

Colorado................................................................ 153 117 150 5.3 4.0 5.1

Connecticut............................................................. 69 68 63 4.1 4.0 3.7

Delaware................................................................ 27 23 25 5.7 4.7 5.2

District of Columbia.................................................... 33 30 30 4.4 3.8 3.9

Florida................................................................... 480 390 372 5.1 4.0 3.8

Georgia.................................................................. 309 226 238 6.4 4.6 4.8

Hawaii................................................................... 31 24 29 5.1 3.8 4.6

Idaho.................................................................... 54 44 51 6.4 5.1 5.9

Illinois.................................................................... 235 188 287 3.9 3.1 4.7

Indiana.................................................................. 172 149 163 5.3 4.6 5.0

Iowa..................................................................... 80 62 91 5.1 3.9 5.7

Kansas.................................................................. 64 53 74 4.5 3.7 5.2

Kentucky................................................................ 114 97 101 5.8 4.8 5.0

Louisiana................................................................ 104 91 113 5.4 4.7 5.8

Maine.................................................................... 29 19 23 4.4 2.9 3.4

Maryland................................................................ 141 109 137 5.2 3.9 5.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 150 98 102 4.0 2.6 2.7

Michigan................................................................ 157 172 183 3.6 3.9 4.1

Minnesota............................................................... 118 112 145 4.0 3.7 4.8

Mississippi.............................................................. 78 68 66 6.7 5.8 5.7

Missouri................................................................. 134 115 142 4.6 3.8 4.8

Montana................................................................. 36 31 33 7.0 5.9 6.2

Nebraska................................................................ 43 40 54 4.2 3.8 5.2

Nevada.................................................................. 78 74 71 5.2 4.8 4.5

New Hampshire........................................................ 37 28 28 5.4 3.9 4.0

New Jersey............................................................. 189 186 143 4.4 4.3 3.3

New Mexico............................................................ 46 43 43 5.4 5.0 5.0

New York............................................................... 351 286 359 3.7 2.9 3.7

North Carolina.......................................................... 245 227 264 5.1 4.6 5.3

North Dakota........................................................... 22 18 27 5.1 4.2 6.1

Ohio..................................................................... 262 235 257 4.7 4.2 4.5

Oklahoma............................................................... 98 83 85 5.8 4.8 5.0

Oregon.................................................................. 114 89 97 5.8 4.5 4.9

Pennsylvania........................................................... 248 200 209 4.1 3.3 3.4

Rhode Island........................................................... 24 21 20 4.7 4.2 4.1

South Carolina......................................................... 122 108 121 5.4 4.7 5.3

South Dakota........................................................... 20 18 27 4.4 4.0 5.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 181 159 158 5.6 4.8 4.8

Texas.................................................................... 719 583 670 5.3 4.2 4.8

Utah..................................................................... 94 79 94 5.6 4.6 5.4

Vermont................................................................. 15 12 13 4.8 3.9 4.3

Virginia.................................................................. 183 181 193 4.5 4.4 4.7

Washington............................................................. 144 152 154 4.0 4.1 4.2

West Virginia........................................................... 41 44 42 5.9 6.2 5.9

Wisconsin............................................................... 130 114 147 4.3 3.8 4.8

Wyoming................................................................ 23 16 20 8.0 5.2 6.7

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 5,180 4,116 4,547 3.4 2.6 2.9

Alabama................................................................. 94 69 83 4.5 3.2 3.9

Alaska................................................................... 23 9 19 6.9 2.6 5.6

Arizona.................................................................. 115 113 88 3.7 3.7 2.8

Arkansas................................................................ 50 46 47 3.7 3.4 3.4

California................................................................ 508 362 336 2.9 2.0 1.9

Colorado................................................................ 95 75 108 3.3 2.5 3.7

Connecticut............................................................. 46 41 33 2.8 2.4 2.0

Delaware................................................................ 20 15 18 4.1 3.1 3.8

District of Columbia.................................................... 24 18 22 3.1 2.3 2.8

Florida................................................................... 318 296 247 3.4 3.1 2.5

Georgia.................................................................. 216 161 166 4.5 3.3 3.4

Hawaii................................................................... 21 14 19 3.4 2.2 3.0

Idaho.................................................................... 39 28 35 4.6 3.3 4.1

Illinois.................................................................... 169 126 183 2.8 2.0 3.0

Indiana.................................................................. 109 99 113 3.4 3.0 3.5

Iowa..................................................................... 56 41 60 3.6 2.6 3.8

Kansas.................................................................. 43 37 49 3.0 2.6 3.4

Kentucky................................................................ 85 68 77 4.3 3.4 3.8

Louisiana................................................................ 75 63 85 3.9 3.2 4.3

Maine.................................................................... 20 11 14 3.1 1.7 2.1

Maryland................................................................ 96 68 95 3.5 2.5 3.5

Massachusetts......................................................... 105 53 64 2.8 1.4 1.7

Michigan................................................................ 119 111 124 2.7 2.5 2.8

Minnesota............................................................... 84 75 79 2.8 2.5 2.6

Mississippi.............................................................. 55 41 48 4.7 3.5 4.1

Missouri................................................................. 87 79 97 3.0 2.6 3.2

Montana................................................................. 25 17 21 4.9 3.3 4.0

Nebraska................................................................ 30 27 37 3.0 2.6 3.5

Nevada.................................................................. 55 47 49 3.7 3.0 3.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 21 16 16 3.1 2.3 2.2

New Jersey............................................................. 139 117 86 3.3 2.7 2.0

New Mexico............................................................ 32 24 28 3.7 2.7 3.3

New York............................................................... 228 170 176 2.4 1.7 1.8

North Carolina.......................................................... 174 149 176 3.6 3.1 3.6

North Dakota........................................................... 15 13 17 3.4 2.9 4.0

Ohio..................................................................... 180 157 181 3.2 2.8 3.2

Oklahoma............................................................... 74 58 58 4.4 3.4 3.4

Oregon.................................................................. 76 54 62 3.9 2.7 3.1

Pennsylvania........................................................... 187 143 142 3.1 2.3 2.3

Rhode Island........................................................... 16 11 12 3.2 2.3 2.3

South Carolina......................................................... 83 73 89 3.7 3.2 3.8

South Dakota........................................................... 14 12 18 3.0 2.6 3.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 130 108 118 4.0 3.3 3.6

Texas.................................................................... 581 409 515 4.3 2.9 3.7

Utah..................................................................... 72 52 65 4.3 3.0 3.8

Vermont................................................................. 10 8 8 3.4 2.5 2.6

Virginia.................................................................. 130 119 137 3.2 2.9 3.3

Washington............................................................. 99 96 95 2.8 2.6 2.6

West Virginia........................................................... 30 28 30 4.3 4.0 4.3

Wisconsin............................................................... 91 79 92 3.0 2.6 3.0

Wyoming................................................................ 15 9 14 5.1 3.2 4.7

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,755 1,658 1,846 1.1 1.1 1.2

Alabama................................................................. 26 35 27 1.2 1.6 1.3

Alaska................................................................... 14 6 12 4.1 1.7 3.4

Arizona.................................................................. 34 33 33 1.1 1.1 1.0

Arkansas................................................................ 15 21 14 1.1 1.5 1.1

California................................................................ 214 148 182 1.2 0.8 1.0

Colorado................................................................ 51 36 36 1.8 1.2 1.2

Connecticut............................................................. 17 23 25 1.0 1.3 1.5

Delaware................................................................ 6 7 6 1.3 1.4 1.2

District of Columbia.................................................... 7 8 6 0.9 1.0 0.8

Florida................................................................... 119 76 82 1.3 0.8 0.8

Georgia.................................................................. 83 56 60 1.7 1.2 1.2

Hawaii................................................................... 8 6 8 1.4 1.0 1.3

Idaho.................................................................... 13 12 12 1.5 1.4 1.4

Illinois.................................................................... 50 50 91 0.8 0.8 1.5

Indiana.................................................................. 50 42 43 1.6 1.3 1.3

Iowa..................................................................... 20 16 26 1.3 1.0 1.7

Kansas.................................................................. 17 12 22 1.2 0.9 1.5

Kentucky................................................................ 24 23 20 1.2 1.1 1.0

Louisiana................................................................ 22 24 23 1.2 1.2 1.2

Maine.................................................................... 7 6 7 1.0 1.0 1.1

Maryland................................................................ 33 33 30 1.2 1.2 1.1

Massachusetts......................................................... 36 38 30 1.0 1.0 0.8

Michigan................................................................ 30 49 49 0.7 1.1 1.1

Minnesota............................................................... 27 26 60 0.9 0.9 2.0

Mississippi.............................................................. 20 23 15 1.7 2.0 1.3

Missouri................................................................. 38 27 38 1.3 0.9 1.3

Montana................................................................. 10 10 9 1.8 1.9 1.8

Nebraska................................................................ 10 10 15 1.0 0.9 1.4

Nevada.................................................................. 20 21 18 1.3 1.4 1.2

New Hampshire........................................................ 10 10 9 1.5 1.4 1.3

New Jersey............................................................. 39 58 39 0.9 1.3 0.9

New Mexico............................................................ 12 14 12 1.5 1.6 1.4

New York............................................................... 101 101 157 1.1 1.0 1.6

North Carolina.......................................................... 51 59 72 1.1 1.2 1.5

North Dakota........................................................... 6 4 8 1.3 0.9 1.8

Ohio..................................................................... 66 66 66 1.2 1.2 1.2

Oklahoma............................................................... 19 20 23 1.1 1.1 1.3

Oregon.................................................................. 29 26 28 1.5 1.3 1.4

Pennsylvania........................................................... 48 47 48 0.8 0.8 0.8

Rhode Island........................................................... 6 8 7 1.2 1.6 1.4

South Carolina......................................................... 26 30 27 1.1 1.3 1.2

South Dakota........................................................... 5 5 8 1.1 1.0 1.7

Tennessee.............................................................. 44 44 33 1.4 1.3 1.0

Texas.................................................................... 120 123 130 0.9 0.9 0.9

Utah..................................................................... 19 21 22 1.1 1.2 1.3

Vermont................................................................. 3 4 4 1.1 1.2 1.3

Virginia.................................................................. 43 54 45 1.1 1.3 1.1

Washington............................................................. 36 45 45 1.0 1.2 1.2

West Virginia........................................................... 9 13 9 1.3 1.8 1.3

Wisconsin............................................................... 31 25 47 1.0 0.8 1.6

Wyoming................................................................ 7 4 5 2.5 1.4 1.6

p Preliminary