Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-0129 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 4, 2011 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – JANUARY 2011 

The unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 9.0 percent in January, while nonfarm payroll

employment changed little (+36,000), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment 

rose in manufacturing and in retail trade but was down in construction and in transportation and warehousing. Employment in most other major industries changed little over the month. 

Changes to The Employment Situation Tables and Data 

Changes to The Employment Situation news release tables are being introduced with this release. In addition, establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking process and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey data 

for January 2011 reflect updated population estimates. See the notes on pages 4, 5, and 6 for 

more information about these changes. 

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, January 2009 –

January 2011

Percent

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2009 – January 2011
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data 

The unemployment rate (9.0 percent) declined by 0.4 percentage point for the second month in a row. 

(See table A-1.) The number of unemployed persons decreased by about 600,000 in January to 13.9 

million, while the labor force was unchanged. (Based on data adjusted for updated population controls. 

See table C.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (8.8 percent), whites (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (11.9 percent) declined in January. The unemployment rates for adult women (7.9 

percent), teenagers (25.7 percent), and blacks (15.7 percent) were little changed. The jobless rate for 

Asians was 6.9 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs fell from 8.9 to 8.5 million in 

January. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) edged down to 6.2 

million and accounted for 43.8 percent of the unemployed. (See tables A-11 and A-12.) 

After accounting for the annual adjustment to the population controls, the employment-population 

ratio (58.4 percent) rose in January, and the labor force participation rate (64.2 percent) was unchanged. (See tables A-1 and C.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) declined from 8.9 to 8.4 million in January. These individuals were working 

part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. 

(See table A-8.) 

In January, 2.8 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, up from 2.5 million a 

year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.0 million discouraged workers in January, about the 

same as a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.8 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in January (+36,000). Manufacturing and retail trade 

added jobs over the month, while employment declined in construction and in transportation and warehousing. Since a recent low in February 2010, total payroll employment has increased by an average of 

93,000 per month. (See table B-1.) 

Manufacturing added 49,000 jobs in January. Over the month, job gains occurred in durable goods, 

including motor vehicles and parts (+20,000), fabricated metal products (+13,000), machinery 

(+10,000), and computer and electronic products (+5,000). Employment in nondurable goods manufacturing declined by 13,000 over the month. 
- 3 - 

Employment in retail trade rose by 28,000 in January, after changing little in December. Retail trade 

has added 123,000 jobs since its recent low point in December 2009. In January, employment in 

clothing stores increased by 15,000. 

Health care employment continued to trend up over the month (+11,000). Over the prior 12 months, 

health care had added an average of 22,000 jobs per month. 

In January, construction employment declined by 32,000. Within construction, there were job losses 

among nonresidential specialty trade contractors (-22,000) and in construction of buildings (-10,000). 

Employment in construction may have been impacted by severe winter weather affecting parts of the 

country during the survey reference period. (See the Frequently Asked Questions.) 

Transportation and warehousing employment fell by 38,000 in January, reflecting a sharp decline 

among couriers and messengers (-45,000). Couriers and messengers had an unusually large job gain in 

December, followed by layoffs of a similar magnitude in January. 

Within professional and business services, employment in temporary help services was little changed 

in January (-11,000). Temporary help had added an average of 25,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 

months. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 hour to 34.2 hours in 

January. The manufacturing workweek for all employees rose by 0.1 hour to 40.5 hours, while factory 

overtime remained at 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 hour to 33.4 hours; the workweek fell by 1.0 hour in 

construction, likely reflecting severe winter weather. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 8 

cents, or 0.4 percent, to $22.86. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 

1.9 percent. In January, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees rose by 10 cents, or 0.5 percent, to $19.34. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised from +71,000 to +93,000, 

and the change for December was revised from +103,000 to +121,000. Monthly revisions result from 

additional sample reports and the monthly recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual benchmark 

process also contributed to these revisions. 

The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 4, 2011, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 
- 4 - 

Changes to Household Survey Data 

Effective with this release, two additional data series—"Self-employed workers, unincorporated" and "Self-employed workers, incorporated"—have been added to table A-9. 

Also, in table A-8, the data series previously labeled "Self-employed workers" (one for Agriculture and related industries and one for Nonagricultural industries) have been renamed "Selfemployed workers, unincorporated." This is strictly a change in title and not in definition; the 

data shown were not affected. This change was made to clarify that these data only include 

persons operating unincorporated businesses. A similar title change was made to one data 

series in table A-14. 

In addition, a change affecting data collected on unemployment duration was introduced in 

the household survey in January 2011. Previously, the Current Population Survey could record unemployment durations of up to 2 years. Starting with data collected for January 2011, 

the survey can record unemployment durations of up to 5 years. This change affects one data 

series in this news release: the average (mean) duration of unemployment, which is found in 

table A-12. The change does not affect the estimate of total unemployment or other data series 

on duration of unemployment. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm. 

Beginning with data for January 2011, occupation estimates in table A-13 reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupation classification system into the household survey. This 

occupation classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system. Historical data have not been revised. 

 
- 5 - 

Revisions to Establishment Survey Data 

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have been revised to reflect 

comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs, or benchmarks. These counts are derived principally 

from unemployment insurance tax records for March 2010. As a result of the benchmark process, all not 

seasonally adjusted data series were subject to revision from April 2009 forward, the time period since 

the last benchmark was established. In addition, with this release, the seasonally adjusted establishment 

survey data from January 2006 forward were subject to revision due to the introduction of updated 

seasonal adjustment factors. 

Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis for January 

through December 2010. The revised data for April 2010 forward incorporate the effect of applying the 

rate of change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as updated net business 

birth/death model adjustments and new seasonal adjustment factors. The November and December 2010 

revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the November final and 

December second preliminary estimates. The total nonfarm employment level for March 2010 was 

revised downward by 378,000 (411,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The previously published level 

for December 2010 was revised downward by 452,000 (483,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). 

An article that discusses the benchmark and post benchmark revisions, as well as all revised historical 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) data, can be accessed through the CES homepage at 

www.bls.gov/ces/. Information on the revisions released today also may be obtained by calling 

(202) 691-6555. 

Table A. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, January-December 2010, 

seasonally adjusted 

 

(In thousands) 

2010 

January....................... 129,602 129,281 14 -39 -53

February..................... 129,641 129,246 39 -35 -74

March.......................... 129,849 129,438 208 192 -16

April............................ 130,162 129,715 313 277 -36

May............................. 130,594 130,173 432 458 26

June............................. 130,419 129,981 -175 -192 -17

July.............................. 130,353 129,932 -66 -49 17

August........................ 130,352 129,873 -1 -59 -58

September................... 130,328 129,844 -24 -29 -5

October....................... 130,538 130,015 210 171 -39

November................... 130,609 130,108 71 93 22

December (p).............. 130,712 130,229 103 121 18

 p = preliminary. 

Year and month 

Level Over-the-month change

As 

previously 

published 

As 

previously 

published

As revised As revised Difference
- 6 - 

Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey 

Effective with data for January 2011, updated population estimates have been used in the household 

survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each 

year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new information and assumptions about the 

growth of the population during the decade. The change in population reflected in the new estimates 

results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics and other information, 

and some methodological changes in the estimation process. 

The population control adjustments introduced with household survey data for January 2011 were 

applied to the population base determined by Census 2000. The results from Census 2010 will not be 

incorporated into the household survey population controls until the release of data for January 2012. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates for 

December 2010 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustment, however, 

differences in selected December 2010 labor force series based on the old and new population estimates 

are shown in table B. The adjustment decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional 

population in December by 347,000, the civilian labor force by 504,000, and employment by 472,000; 

the new population estimates had a negligible impact on unemployment rates and most other percentage 

estimates. Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments affect the comparability of 

household data series over time. Estimates of large levels, such as total labor force and employment, are 

impacted most. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population estimates on the changes 

in selected labor force measures between December 2010 and January 2011. Additional information on 

the population adjustments and their effect on national labor force estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cps11adj.pdf. 

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2010 estimates by sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Total Men White Asian

Civilian noninstitutional population ...... -347 10 -357 -328 19 -24 -269

Civilian labor force .................. -504 -302 -203 -482 7 -24 -236

Participation rate .................. -.1 -.3 .0 -.1 .0 -.1 -.2

Employed ........................... -472 -285 -187 -450 6 -23 -220

Employment-population ratio ... -.1 -.3 .0 -.1 .0 -.1 -.2

Unemployed ........................ -32 -17 -15 -32 2 -2 -16

Unemployment rate ............... .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1

Not in labor force ..................... 157 312 -155 153 11 1 -33

 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or 

African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose 

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Women

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic 

or Latino 

ethnicity
- 7 - 

Table C. December 2010-January 2011 changes in selected labor force measures, with 

adjustments for population control effects

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Civilian noninstitutional population ......... -185 -347 162

Civilian labor force ........................ -504 -504 0

Participation rate ..................... -.1 -.1 .0

Employed .............................. 117 -472 589

Employment-population ratio ...... .1 -.1 .2

Unemployed ........................... -622 -32 -590

Unemployment rate .................. -.4 .0 -.4

Not in labor force ........................ 319 157 162

 1 This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the 

published over-the-month change. 

2011 

population 

control effect

Dec.-Jan. 

change, as 

published

Dec.-Jan. 

change, after 

removing the 

population 

control effect 1
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Change from:

Dec. 2010-

Jan. 2011

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 236,832 238,715 238,889 238,704 –

Civilian labor force............................................................ 153,353 153,950 153,690 153,186 –

Participation rate........................................................... 64.8 64.5 64.3 64.2 –

Employed.................................................................... 138,511 138,909 139,206 139,323 –

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.5 58.2 58.3 58.4 –

Unemployed................................................................. 14,842 15,041 14,485 13,863 –

Unemployment rate..................................................... 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 –

Not in labor force............................................................. 83,479 84,765 85,199 85,518 –

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 –

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 10.0 9.9 9.4 8.8 –

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 7.8 8.3 8.1 7.9 –

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 26.2 24.5 25.4 25.7 –

White........................................................................... 8.7 8.9 8.5 8.0 –

Black or African American................................................... 16.4 16.0 15.8 15.7 –

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 8.4 7.6 7.2 6.9 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 12.5 13.2 13.0 11.9 –

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 8.2 8.4 8.1 7.6 –

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 15.1 15.7 15.3 14.2 –

High school graduates, no college......................................... 10.1 10.0 9.8 9.4 –

Some college or associate degree......................................... 8.5 8.7 8.1 8.0 –

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.8 5.1 4.8 4.2 –

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 9,287 9,471 8,923 8,519 –

Job leavers....................................................................... 908 864 914 910 –

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,603 3,427 3,408 3,357 –

New entrants..................................................................... 1,210 1,269 1,311 1,351 –

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,915 2,824 2,725 2,678 –

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 3,346 3,336 3,184 3,016 –

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 2,614 2,515 2,205 2,285 –

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 6,302 6,328 6,441 6,210 –

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 8,367 8,960 8,931 8,407 –

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 5,831 6,025 6,011 5,771 –

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,271 2,557 2,568 2,510 –

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,521 18,326 18,184 17,929 –

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,539 2,531 2,609 2,800 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 1,065 1,282 1,318 993 –

- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -39 93 121 36

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -42 128 139 50

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -48 8 -7 18

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 -4 1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -62 -8 -17 -32

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 15 14 49

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 16 14 62

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 -1.9 -2.3 20.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 -1 0 -13

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 120 146 32

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -21.3 8.3 4.6 9.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 -15.6 2.8 27.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -39.5 22.1 48.6 -38.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 2 0 -1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -16 -1 0 -10

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 85 54 31

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 26.8 38.1 -11.4

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 37 23 13

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 30.9 27.9 12.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 -15 8 -3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -2 3 5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -35 -18 -14

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 49.7 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.2 48.2 48.2

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 34.2 34.3 34.2

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.44 $ 22.76 $ 22.78 $ 22.86

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $762.96 $778.39 $781.35 $781.81

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.0 92.4 92.8 92.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.4 100.3 100.8 100.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.1

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 33.5 33.5 33.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18.91 $ 19.24 $ 19.24 $ 19.34

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $629.70 $644.54 $644.54 $645.96

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.9 99.5 99.6 99.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.7 127.9 128.0 128.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 57.7 59.4 59.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 58.0 61.7 69.1

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its 

much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically 

significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the 

household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the 

establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural 

workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household 

survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it 

is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not 

collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify 

the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 
immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. 

(People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement 

or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and 

other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment 

Situation news release. 

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, severe weather is likely to have more of an impact on hours than 

employment. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, 

employees have to be off work for the entire pay period that includes the 12th of the month and not be 

paid. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay 

period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the 

payroll employment figures. While some persons may be off payrolls during the pay period due to 

severe weather, others, such as those dealing with cleanup and repair activities, may be added to 

payrolls. Hours are impacted to the extent that time away from work is unpaid. 

In the household survey, the reference period is the calendar week (generally) including the 12th of the 

month. People who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed 

whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of 

people who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work due to bad 

weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most requested statistics 

page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) 

and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment 

that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD 

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about 

140,000 businesses and government agencies representing 

approximately 410,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment insurance 

tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between 

surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a 

more useful tool with which to analyze changes in monthto-month economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,832 238,889 238,704 236,832 238,322 238,530 238,715 238,889 238,704

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,957 153,156 152,536 153,353 154,124 153,960 153,950 153,690 153,186

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 64.1 63.9 64.8 64.7 64.5 64.5 64.3 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,809 139,159 137,599 138,511 139,378 139,084 138,909 139,206 139,323

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 58.3 57.6 58.5 58.5 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,147 13,997 14,937 14,842 14,746 14,876 15,041 14,485 13,863

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 9.1 9.8 9.7 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,876 85,733 86,168 83,479 84,198 84,570 84,765 85,199 85,518

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,108 6,212 6,643 5,912 6,236 6,279 6,248 6,471 6,410

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,648 115,731 115,828 114,648 115,433 115,542 115,640 115,731 115,828

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,238 81,504 81,103 81,456 82,165 82,000 81,986 81,845 81,544

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.9 70.4 70.0 71.0 71.2 71.0 70.9 70.7 70.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,216 73,226 72,307 72,667 73,594 73,470 73,337 73,600 73,800

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 63.3 62.4 63.4 63.8 63.6 63.4 63.6 63.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,021 8,278 8,796 8,789 8,571 8,530 8,649 8,245 7,744

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 10.2 10.8 10.8 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.1 9.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,410 34,228 34,725 33,191 33,268 33,542 33,653 33,886 34,284

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,998 107,216 107,203 105,998 106,887 107,007 107,114 107,216 107,203

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,451 78,780 78,346 78,386 79,289 79,016 78,980 78,906 78,506

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 73.5 73.1 74.0 74.2 73.8 73.7 73.6 73.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,337 71,235 70,360 70,525 71,559 71,365 71,130 71,480 71,589

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 66.4 65.6 66.5 66.9 66.7 66.4 66.7 66.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,113 7,545 7,986 7,861 7,729 7,651 7,849 7,426 6,917

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 9.6 10.2 10.0 9.7 9.7 9.9 9.4 8.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,548 28,436 28,857 27,612 27,599 27,991 28,134 28,310 28,698

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,185 123,158 122,876 122,185 122,889 122,988 123,075 123,158 122,876

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,719 71,653 71,433 71,897 71,959 71,960 71,964 71,845 71,642

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.2 58.1 58.8 58.6 58.5 58.5 58.3 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,593 65,933 65,292 65,844 65,784 65,613 65,572 65,605 65,523

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 53.5 53.1 53.9 53.5 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,126 5,719 6,141 6,053 6,175 6,346 6,392 6,240 6,119

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.0 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,466 51,505 51,443 50,288 50,930 51,028 51,112 51,313 51,234

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,796 114,894 114,637 113,796 114,596 114,704 114,801 114,894 114,637

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,991 68,999 68,842 68,958 69,082 69,018 69,151 69,027 68,839

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 60.1 60.1 60.6 60.3 60.2 60.2 60.1 60.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,437 63,809 63,300 63,549 63,562 63,400 63,385 63,428 63,392

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.5 55.2 55.8 55.5 55.3 55.2 55.2 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,553 5,190 5,542 5,409 5,520 5,618 5,766 5,599 5,447

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.5 8.1 7.8 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1 7.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,806 45,895 45,795 44,838 45,514 45,687 45,651 45,867 45,798

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,038 16,780 16,863 17,038 16,839 16,819 16,800 16,780 16,863

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,515 5,378 5,348 6,009 5,754 5,927 5,820 5,757 5,841

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 32.0 31.7 35.3 34.2 35.2 34.6 34.3 34.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,034 4,116 3,939 4,438 4,256 4,319 4,393 4,298 4,341

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 24.5 23.4 26.0 25.3 25.7 26.2 25.6 25.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,481 1,262 1,409 1,572 1,497 1,607 1,426 1,460 1,500

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 23.5 26.3 26.2 26.0 27.1 24.5 25.4 25.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,522 11,402 11,516 11,028 11,085 10,893 10,980 11,022 11,022

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,454 192,749 192,516 191,454 192,391 192,527 192,641 192,749 192,516

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,498 124,309 123,696 124,735 125,333 124,914 124,824 124,700 124,192

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 64.5 64.3 65.2 65.1 64.9 64.8 64.7 64.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,546 114,035 112,754 113,940 114,433 113,975 113,728 114,079 114,197

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 59.2 58.6 59.5 59.5 59.2 59.0 59.2 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,952 10,274 10,942 10,795 10,899 10,940 11,096 10,620 9,995

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 8.3 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.5 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,956 68,439 68,820 66,719 67,058 67,612 67,817 68,049 68,325

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,877 64,978 64,551 64,814 65,579 65,215 65,088 65,041 64,673

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 73.9 73.5 74.4 74.8 74.3 74.1 74.0 73.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,937 59,280 58,584 58,917 59,759 59,425 59,137 59,484 59,586

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.5 67.4 66.7 67.6 68.1 67.7 67.3 67.7 67.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,940 5,698 5,968 5,897 5,820 5,790 5,951 5,557 5,086

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 8.8 9.2 9.1 8.9 8.9 9.1 8.5 7.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,135 54,927 54,728 55,017 54,961 54,846 54,953 54,914 54,686

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 59.7 59.6 60.2 59.8 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,202 51,261 50,791 51,265 51,000 50,835 50,817 50,920 50,878

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 55.7 55.3 56.1 55.5 55.3 55.2 55.3 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,933 3,667 3,937 3,752 3,961 4,012 4,136 3,994 3,808

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.7 7.2 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,486 4,404 4,417 4,904 4,793 4,853 4,783 4,746 4,833

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.3 37.7 37.3 37.8 37.3 37.1 37.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,406 3,494 3,380 3,758 3,674 3,715 3,775 3,676 3,732

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 27.3 26.2 28.9 28.6 29.0 29.5 28.7 29.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,080 910 1,037 1,146 1,119 1,138 1,008 1,070 1,100

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 20.7 23.5 23.4 23.3 23.4 21.1 22.5 22.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,526 28,896 28,947 28,526 28,794 28,831 28,865 28,896 28,947

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,702 17,835 17,757 17,765 17,777 17,946 18,020 17,958 17,857

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 61.7 61.3 62.3 61.7 62.2 62.4 62.1 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,643 15,120 14,819 14,843 14,920 15,127 15,142 15,119 15,048

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 52.3 51.2 52.0 51.8 52.5 52.5 52.3 52.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,059 2,715 2,938 2,922 2,857 2,818 2,878 2,839 2,809

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 15.2 16.5 16.4 16.1 15.7 16.0 15.8 15.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,824 11,061 11,190 10,761 11,017 10,885 10,845 10,939 11,090

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,017 8,079 8,070 7,978 8,066 8,072 8,099 8,106 8,054

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 68.8 68.5 69.3 69.1 69.0 69.1 69.1 68.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,451 6,758 6,589 6,569 6,661 6,763 6,753 6,764 6,723

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 57.6 55.9 57.0 57.1 57.8 57.6 57.6 57.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,565 1,321 1,481 1,409 1,405 1,309 1,346 1,341 1,331

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.5 16.4 18.4 17.7 17.4 16.2 16.6 16.5 16.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,998 9,141 9,086 9,036 9,101 9,173 9,228 9,204 9,146

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.9 62.5 63.1 62.9 63.3 63.6 63.3 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,803 7,998 7,911 7,846 7,948 7,998 8,017 7,993 7,966

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 55.0 54.4 54.8 54.9 55.2 55.2 55.0 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,194 1,143 1,175 1,190 1,152 1,176 1,211 1,211 1,179

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 12.5 12.9 13.2 12.7 12.8 13.1 13.2 12.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 615 601 751 611 700 693 648 658

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 23.4 22.9 28.0 23.1 26.5 26.3 24.6 25.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 365 319 428 310 366 372 361 359

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 13.9 12.2 15.9 11.7 13.9 14.1 13.7 13.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 250 282 323 300 334 321 287 299

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.5 40.7 46.9 43.0 49.2 47.7 46.3 44.2 45.4

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,950 11,387 11,351 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,020 7,355 7,354 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 64.6 64.8 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,431 6,829 6,846 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 60.0 60.3 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 526 509 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.2 6.9 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,930 4,032 3,997 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 33,251 34,188 34,001 33,251 33,927 34,014 34,102 34,188 34,001

Civilian labor force................................. 22,505 22,929 22,714 22,595 22,896 22,814 22,915 22,868 22,823

Participation rate................................. 67.7 67.1 66.8 68.0 67.5 67.1 67.2 66.9 67.1

Employed......................................... 19,373 19,957 19,711 19,764 20,042 19,936 19,899 19,906 20,099

Employment-population ratio................ 58.3 58.4 58.0 59.4 59.1 58.6 58.4 58.2 59.1

Unemployed...................................... 3,132 2,972 3,003 2,831 2,854 2,878 3,016 2,962 2,724

Unemployment rate........................... 13.9 13.0 13.2 12.5 12.5 12.6 13.2 13.0 11.9

Not in labor force................................... 10,746 11,259 11,287 10,656 11,031 11,201 11,188 11,320 11,178

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 12,769 13,115 12,865 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 82.6 82.3 81.8 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,003 11,431 11,196 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 71.2 71.7 71.2 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,766 1,684 1,669 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 13.8 12.8 13.0 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 8,776 8,880 8,892 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 60.2 59.2 59.7 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 7,767 7,892 7,873 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 53.3 52.7 52.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,009 988 1,019 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 11.5 11.1 11.5 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 960 934 957 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 29.8 28.6 28.3 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 602 633 642 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 18.7 19.4 19.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 357 300 315 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 37.2 32.2 32.9 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 12,014 11,773 11,437 11,858 11,828 11,800 11,803 11,758 11,383

Participation rate.................................... 46.1 46.1 45.3 45.5 46.7 47.0 46.6 46.0 45.1

Employed............................................ 9,898 9,924 9,545 10,068 10,003 9,995 9,955 9,963 9,770

Employment-population ratio................... 38.0 38.9 37.8 38.7 39.5 39.8 39.3 39.0 38.7

Unemployed......................................... 2,116 1,850 1,892 1,790 1,824 1,805 1,848 1,795 1,613

Unemployment rate.............................. 17.6 15.7 16.5 15.1 15.4 15.3 15.7 15.3 14.2

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 38,285 38,231 37,747 37,818 38,151 38,051 37,824 38,203 37,513

Participation rate.................................... 62.0 60.9 60.7 61.2 61.9 61.6 61.1 60.9 60.3

Employed............................................ 33,879 34,470 33,724 34,001 34,331 34,225 34,035 34,465 33,972

Employment-population ratio................... 54.8 54.9 54.2 55.0 55.7 55.4 55.0 54.9 54.6

Unemployed......................................... 4,406 3,761 4,023 3,817 3,820 3,826 3,789 3,738 3,541

Unemployment rate.............................. 11.5 9.8 10.7 10.1 10.0 10.1 10.0 9.8 9.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,584 36,763 36,701 36,751 37,115 37,120 37,037 36,809 36,841

Participation rate.................................... 71.1 70.1 70.0 71.4 70.5 70.0 69.8 70.2 70.2

Employed............................................ 33,292 33,869 33,591 33,630 33,746 33,972 33,832 33,821 33,878

Employment-population ratio................... 64.7 64.6 64.0 65.4 64.1 64.0 63.8 64.5 64.6

Unemployed......................................... 3,292 2,894 3,109 3,121 3,369 3,148 3,205 2,988 2,963

Unemployment rate.............................. 9.0 7.9 8.5 8.5 9.1 8.5 8.7 8.1 8.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 45,925 46,310 46,288 45,908 46,488 46,132 46,322 46,312 46,263

Participation rate.................................... 77.0 76.9 76.4 77.0 76.5 76.1 76.6 76.9 76.4

Employed............................................ 43,574 44,170 44,226 43,705 44,405 43,971 43,952 44,095 44,322

Employment-population ratio................... 73.1 73.4 73.0 73.3 73.0 72.6 72.7 73.2 73.2

Unemployed......................................... 2,351 2,140 2,062 2,203 2,083 2,161 2,370 2,217 1,941

Unemployment rate.............................. 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.8 4.2

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,186 21,797 20,410 20,003 1,776 1,794

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,860 11,429 10,755 10,228 1,104 1,201

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 52.4 52.7 51.1 62.2 66.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,724 10,294 9,743 9,206 981 1,088

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 47.2 47.7 46.0 55.2 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,136 1,135 1,012 1,022 124 112

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 9.9 9.4 10.0 11.2 9.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,326 10,368 9,655 9,775 672 593

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,091 2,285 1,764 1,896 327 389

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,690 1,835 1,456 1,550 234 286

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.8 80.3 82.5 81.7 71.6 73.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,477 1,557 1,276 1,310 201 247

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.6 68.1 72.3 69.1 61.5 63.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 278 180 240 33 39

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 15.2 12.4 15.5 14.2 13.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 450 308 346 93 103

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,861 2,915 2,375 2,447 485 468

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,491 2,479 2,105 2,095 386 384

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.1 85.0 88.6 85.6 79.6 82.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,257 2,287 1,902 1,924 354 363

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.9 78.4 80.1 78.6 73.0 77.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 192 203 171 32 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 7.7 9.6 8.2 8.3 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 437 270 352 99 84

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,233 10,726 10,852 10,380 381 346

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,149 3,796 4,030 3,664 119 132

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 35.4 37.1 35.3 31.1 38.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,765 3,433 3,660 3,314 105 119

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 32.0 33.7 31.9 27.6 34.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 364 371 351 13 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 9.6 9.2 9.6 11.2 9.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,084 6,930 6,822 6,716 262 214

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,001 5,870 5,418 5,280 583 590

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,529 3,318 3,164 2,919 365 399

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 56.5 58.4 55.3 62.7 67.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,225 3,017 2,905 2,658 320 359

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 51.4 53.6 50.3 55.0 60.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 301 259 261 45 40

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 9.1 8.2 8.9 12.3 10.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,472 2,552 2,255 2,361 218 191

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205,694 207,979 89,718 91,225 115,976 116,755

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,297 139,440 69,629 70,029 69,668 69,411

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 67.0 77.6 76.8 60.1 59.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,767 126,079 60,879 62,493 63,888 63,586

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 60.6 67.9 68.5 55.1 54.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,530 13,361 8,750 7,536 5,780 5,825

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.6 12.6 10.8 8.3 8.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,397 68,539 20,089 21,196 46,308 47,344

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 26,952 26,885 209,880 211,819

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,877 5,406 147,079 147,130

Participation rate...................................................................... 21.8 20.1 70.1 69.5

Employed.............................................................................. 4,987 4,669 131,823 132,930

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 18.5 17.4 62.8 62.8

Unemployed........................................................................... 891 737 15,257 14,201

Unemployment rate................................................................ 15.2 13.6 10.4 9.7

Not in labor force........................................................................ 21,075 21,479 62,801 64,689

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,666 2,457 74,910 74,840

Participation rate...................................................................... 36.5 33.8 82.6 82.0

Employed.............................................................................. 2,208 2,106 65,649 66,669

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 30.2 29.0 72.4 73.0

Unemployed........................................................................... 458 351 9,261 8,171

Unemployment rate................................................................ 17.2 14.3 12.4 10.9

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,642 4,805 15,816 16,448

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,366 2,178 66,326 66,162

Participation rate...................................................................... 31.7 29.4 71.4 70.9

Employed.............................................................................. 2,029 1,839 60,731 60,565

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 27.2 24.8 65.4 64.9

Unemployed........................................................................... 337 339 5,594 5,597

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.3 15.6 8.4 8.5

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,102 5,233 26,604 27,198

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 846 771 5,844 6,128

Participation rate...................................................................... 6.9 6.3 22.3 22.6

Employed.............................................................................. 750 724 5,442 5,696

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.2 5.9 20.8 21.0

Unemployed........................................................................... 95 47 402 432

Unemployment rate................................................................ 11.3 6.1 6.9 7.1

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,330 11,441 20,381 21,042

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 35,440 36,294 17,718 17,884 17,722 18,410

Civilian labor force................................................... 23,924 24,517 14,073 14,256 9,851 10,261

Participation rate................................................... 67.5 67.6 79.4 79.7 55.6 55.7

Employed........................................................... 21,090 21,928 12,282 12,677 8,808 9,251

Employment-population ratio.................................. 59.5 60.4 69.3 70.9 49.7 50.3

Unemployed........................................................ 2,834 2,589 1,791 1,579 1,043 1,010

Unemployment rate............................................. 11.8 10.6 12.7 11.1 10.6 9.8

Not in labor force..................................................... 11,515 11,777 3,645 3,628 7,870 8,148

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 201,393 202,410 96,930 97,944 104,463 104,466

Civilian labor force................................................... 129,032 128,019 67,165 66,847 61,868 61,172

Participation rate................................................... 64.1 63.2 69.3 68.3 59.2 58.6

Employed........................................................... 115,719 115,671 58,935 59,630 56,784 56,041

Employment-population ratio.................................. 57.5 57.1 60.8 60.9 54.4 53.6

Unemployed........................................................ 13,313 12,348 8,230 7,217 5,083 5,131

Unemployment rate............................................. 10.3 9.6 12.3 10.8 8.2 8.4

Not in labor force..................................................... 72,360 74,391 29,765 31,097 42,596 43,294

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 1,974 2,037 2,100 2,134 2,172 2,348 2,185 2,176 2,256

Wage and salary workers1....................... 1,218 1,295 1,263 1,343 1,310 1,446 1,385 1,384 1,390

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 743 720 819 785 798 823 771 775 861

Unpaid family workers............................. 13 22 18 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 134,836 137,123 135,499 136,391 137,266 136,797 136,752 137,001 137,088

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 126,126 128,436 126,882 127,385 128,438 127,852 127,728 128,043 128,151

Government...................................... 21,144 20,745 20,626 21,265 20,855 20,717 20,600 20,759 20,740

Private industries................................ 104,982 107,691 106,255 106,129 107,451 107,100 107,146 107,303 107,409

Private households............................ 688 635 610 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 104,295 107,056 105,645 105,410 106,859 106,470 106,516 106,665 106,774

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,643 8,589 8,526 8,991 8,752 8,862 8,832 8,783 8,864

Unpaid family workers............................. 66 97 91 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3................... 9,290 9,205 9,187 8,367 9,506 9,100 8,960 8,931 8,407

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,825 6,347 6,513 5,831 6,732 6,174 6,025 6,011 5,771

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,159 2,499 2,373 2,271 2,478 2,564 2,557 2,568 2,510

Part time for noneconomic reasons4.............. 18,782 18,872 18,048 18,521 18,256 18,230 18,326 18,184 17,929

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 9,161 9,029 9,027 8,239 9,380 8,991 8,822 8,789 8,242

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,739 6,230 6,415 5,761 6,649 6,108 5,941 5,911 5,661

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,149 2,470 2,358 2,286 2,454 2,534 2,555 2,542 2,513

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,444 18,525 17,675 18,141 17,911 17,848 17,929 17,829 17,552

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,809 139,159 137,599 138,511 139,378 139,084 138,909 139,206 139,323

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,034 4,116 3,939 4,438 4,256 4,319 4,393 4,298 4,341

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,318 1,363 1,225 1,488 1,405 1,434 1,440 1,434 1,406

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,716 2,753 2,713 2,946 2,857 2,894 2,961 2,869 2,939

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,775 135,044 133,660 134,074 135,121 134,764 134,515 134,908 134,982

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,132 12,611 12,573 12,488 12,825 12,774 12,774 12,713 12,941

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,643 122,433 121,087 121,530 122,254 121,910 121,744 122,196 122,026

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,348 94,156 92,980 94,080 94,076 94,011 93,723 93,962 93,758

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,680 30,384 30,065 30,057 30,321 30,323 30,214 30,345 30,438

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,473 30,528 30,107 30,721 30,538 30,650 30,527 30,447 30,373

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,194 33,244 32,807 33,302 33,217 33,037 32,982 33,170 32,946

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,295 28,276 28,106 27,450 28,178 27,899 28,021 28,234 28,268

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,216 73,226 72,307 72,667 73,594 73,470 73,337 73,600 73,800

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,879 1,991 1,947 2,143 2,035 2,106 2,206 2,121 2,211

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 635 608 706 662 660 688 695 717

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,285 1,356 1,339 1,415 1,371 1,443 1,524 1,420 1,471

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,337 71,235 70,360 70,525 71,559 71,365 71,130 71,480 71,589

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,963 6,438 6,484 6,256 6,533 6,542 6,502 6,568 6,784

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,375 64,798 63,876 64,231 65,005 64,803 64,617 64,904 64,789

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,205 50,049 49,251 49,912 50,306 50,209 49,970 50,117 50,005

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,886 16,443 16,254 16,184 16,436 16,434 16,331 16,428 16,542

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,302 16,511 16,148 16,511 16,547 16,573 16,543 16,522 16,394

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,017 17,095 16,849 17,218 17,324 17,202 17,096 17,168 17,070

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,169 14,749 14,625 14,319 14,699 14,594 14,648 14,787 14,784

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,593 65,933 65,292 65,844 65,784 65,613 65,572 65,605 65,523

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,155 2,125 1,992 2,295 2,221 2,214 2,187 2,177 2,130

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724 728 617 783 743 774 752 739 689

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,431 1,397 1,374 1,531 1,486 1,452 1,437 1,449 1,468

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,437 63,809 63,300 63,549 63,562 63,400 63,385 63,428 63,392

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,169 6,174 6,090 6,231 6,292 6,232 6,272 6,145 6,157

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,269 57,635 57,210 57,299 57,249 57,106 57,127 57,292 57,237

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,143 44,108 43,729 44,168 43,770 43,801 43,753 43,845 43,752

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,794 13,941 13,811 13,874 13,885 13,889 13,883 13,917 13,897

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,171 14,017 13,959 14,210 13,992 14,077 13,983 13,925 13,979

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,177 16,150 15,959 16,084 15,894 15,836 15,887 16,003 15,877

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,126 13,527 13,481 13,131 13,479 13,305 13,374 13,447 13,485

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,807 43,119 42,492 43,174 43,701 43,301 43,130 43,081 42,915

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,038 34,850 34,615 34,999 34,469 34,553 34,543 34,612 34,571

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,401 8,878 8,686 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,777 111,207 110,373 110,721 111,710 111,585 111,187 111,744 112,356

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,033 27,953 27,226 27,617 27,649 27,433 27,594 27,394 26,901

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,751 6,884 6,621 6,962 6,687 6,679 6,734 6,950 6,840

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,483 5,263 5,208 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,386 9,309 9,345 9,776 9,550 9,684 9,603 9,559 9,724

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 14,842 14,485 13,863 9.7 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,572 1,460 1,500 26.2 26.0 27.1 24.5 25.4 25.7

16 to 17 years.................................... 581 533 541 28.1 30.0 30.3 24.9 27.1 27.8

18 to 19 years.................................... 989 933 960 25.1 23.3 24.7 24.2 24.5 24.6

20 years and over.................................. 13,270 13,025 12,363 9.0 8.9 9.0 9.2 8.8 8.4

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,334 2,296 2,315 15.7 14.9 15.3 15.9 15.3 15.2

25 years and over............................... 10,889 10,716 10,028 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.1 7.6

25 to 54 years................................. 8,894 8,674 8,036 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.7 8.5 7.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,310 3,418 3,112 9.9 10.0 9.9 10.4 10.1 9.3

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,840 2,566 2,416 8.5 8.3 7.9 7.7 7.8 7.4

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,743 2,690 2,507 7.6 7.7 7.8 8.1 7.5 7.1

55 years and over............................. 1,992 2,088 2,022 6.8 7.2 7.2 7.2 6.9 6.7

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 8,789 8,245 7,744 10.8 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.1 9.5

16 to 19 years...................................... 928 818 827 30.2 29.3 29.4 26.6 27.8 27.2

16 to 17 years.................................... 318 284 295 31.1 33.3 33.8 28.5 29.0 29.1

18 to 19 years.................................... 604 536 533 29.9 26.2 26.8 25.5 27.4 26.6

20 years and over.................................. 7,861 7,426 6,917 10.0 9.7 9.7 9.9 9.4 8.8

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,461 1,340 1,281 18.9 17.1 16.5 18.1 16.9 15.9

25 years and over............................... 6,362 6,079 5,648 9.0 9.0 8.9 9.0 8.6 8.0

25 to 54 years................................. 5,192 4,926 4,511 9.4 9.3 9.1 9.3 8.9 8.3

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,984 1,950 1,790 10.9 10.8 10.4 10.9 10.6 9.8

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,624 1,418 1,344 9.0 8.6 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.6

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,584 1,558 1,377 8.4 8.6 8.6 9.2 8.3 7.5

55 years and over............................. 1,171 1,152 1,137 7.6 7.9 8.3 8.0 7.2 7.1

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 6,053 6,240 6,119 8.4 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.5

16 to 19 years...................................... 644 641 673 21.9 22.8 24.8 22.3 22.8 24.0

16 to 17 years.................................... 263 248 247 25.1 26.8 27.0 21.2 25.2 26.4

18 to 19 years.................................... 384 397 427 20.1 20.4 22.6 22.8 21.5 22.5

20 years and over.................................. 5,409 5,599 5,447 7.8 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1 7.9

20 to 24 years.................................... 873 956 1,033 12.3 12.4 13.9 13.5 13.5 14.4

25 years and over............................... 4,527 4,638 4,380 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.1

25 to 54 years................................. 3,702 3,747 3,525 7.7 7.9 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.5

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,326 1,468 1,323 8.7 9.0 9.4 9.8 9.5 8.7

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,216 1,147 1,072 7.9 8.1 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.1

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,159 1,132 1,130 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.6

55 years and over1

........................... 851 830 906 6.1 6.4 5.9 6.2 5.8 6.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 3,062 3,047 2,666 6.6 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.6 5.8

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,192 2,046 2,036 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.6

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,181 1,207 1,268 12.3 12.9 12.4 13.0 12.0 12.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 12,935 12,650 12,063 10.5 10.4 10.5 10.7 10.2 9.7

Part-time workers3................................... 1,904 1,764 1,793 6.5 6.1 6.3 5.8 6.0 6.2

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 10,574 8,995 9,520 9,287 9,286 9,070 9,471 8,923 8,519

On temporary layoff................................ 2,192 1,547 1,825 1,452 1,340 1,293 1,430 1,402 1,249

Not on temporary layoff............................ 8,382 7,448 7,695 7,835 7,947 7,777 8,042 7,521 7,270

Permanent job losers............................ 6,732 5,917 6,097 6,423 6,467 6,254 6,425 5,995 5,879

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,650 1,530 1,599 1,412 1,479 1,523 1,617 1,526 1,391

Job leavers............................................. 926 861 935 908 809 854 864 914 910

Reentrants............................................. 3,625 3,031 3,332 3,603 3,441 3,498 3,427 3,408 3,357

New entrants.......................................... 1,022 1,110 1,150 1,210 1,193 1,278 1,269 1,311 1,351

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 65.5 64.3 63.7 61.9 63.0 61.7 63.0 61.3 60.3

On temporary layoff................................ 13.6 11.1 12.2 9.7 9.1 8.8 9.5 9.6 8.8

Not on temporary layoff............................ 51.9 53.2 51.5 52.2 54.0 52.9 53.5 51.7 51.4

Job leavers............................................. 5.7 6.2 6.3 6.1 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.3 6.4

Reentrants............................................. 22.4 21.7 22.3 24.0 23.4 23.8 22.8 23.4 23.7

New entrants.......................................... 6.3 7.9 7.7 8.1 8.1 8.7 8.4 9.0 9.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 6.9 5.9 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.6

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2

New entrants.......................................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 3,464 2,681 3,181 2,915 2,872 2,659 2,824 2,725 2,678

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 3,698 3,043 3,267 3,346 3,329 3,427 3,336 3,184 3,016

15 weeks and over.................................... 8,986 8,273 8,489 8,916 8,517 8,734 8,843 8,647 8,495

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,563 2,073 2,182 2,614 2,364 2,500 2,515 2,205 2,285

27 weeks and over................................. 6,423 6,200 6,307 6,302 6,153 6,234 6,328 6,441 6,210

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1

.............. 28.9 34.0 35.5 30.5 33.4 33.9 33.9 34.2 36.9

Median duration, in weeks........................... 18.6 22.3 19.9 20.0 20.5 21.3 21.7 22.4 21.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 21.5 19.2 21.3 19.2 19.5 17.9 18.8 18.7 18.9

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 22.9 21.7 21.9 22.0 22.6 23.1 22.2 21.9 21.3

15 weeks and over.................................... 55.6 59.1 56.8 58.7 57.9 58.9 58.9 59.4 59.9

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 15.9 14.8 14.6 17.2 16.1 16.9 16.8 15.2 16.1

27 weeks and over................................. 39.8 44.3 42.2 41.5 41.8 42.1 42.2 44.3 43.8

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 136,809 137,599 16,147 14,937 10.6 9.8

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 52,159 51,866 2,762 2,557 5.0 4.7

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 21,101 21,139 1,168 1,177 5.2 5.3

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,058 30,727 1,593 1,380 4.9 4.3

Service occupations.................................................. 23,763 23,819 3,045 2,773 11.4 10.4

Sales and office occupations....................................... 33,117 33,497 3,476 3,364 9.5 9.1

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,150 15,268 1,709 1,574 10.1 9.3

Office and administrative support occupations................. 17,966 18,229 1,767 1,790 9.0 8.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 12,405 12,205 3,082 2,623 19.9 17.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 782 893 273 233 25.9 20.7

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 6,975 6,587 2,276 1,960 24.6 22.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,648 4,725 532 430 10.3 8.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 15,365 16,211 2,748 2,411 15.2 12.9

Production occupations........................................... 7,396 8,032 1,343 1,122 15.4 12.3

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 7,970 8,180 1,405 1,289 15.0 13.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the

introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is

derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with

earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 16,147 14,937 10.6 9.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 13,129 11,778 11.1 10.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 68 66 9.1 8.5

Construction........................................................................... 2,194 1,879 24.7 22.5

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,918 1,519 13.0 9.9

Durable goods...................................................................... 1,318 955 14.1 9.9

Nondurable goods................................................................. 600 564 11.1 9.9

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 2,154 1,866 10.5 9.1

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 657 498 11.3 8.8

Information............................................................................ 313 228 10.0 7.3

Financial activities.................................................................... 623 647 6.6 7.2

Professional and business services................................................ 1,614 1,511 11.1 10.2

Education and health services...................................................... 1,175 1,264 5.5 5.8

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,804 1,788 14.2 13.8

Other services........................................................................ 609 513 10.0 8.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 318 236 21.3 16.0

Government workers.................................................................... 948 1,088 4.3 5.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 730 685 7.2 6.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 5.9 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 6.9 5.9 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 10.6 9.1 9.8 9.7 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 11.2 9.9 10.4 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.2 9.6

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 12.0 10.7 11.4 11.1 11.0 11.2 11.2 10.9 10.7

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 18.0 16.6 17.3 16.5 17.1 17.0 17.0 16.7 16.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

Jan.

2010

Jan.

2011

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 83,876 86,168 33,410 34,725 50,466 51,443

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 6,108 6,643 2,926 3,237 3,182 3,406

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,539 2,800 1,367 1,454 1,172 1,346

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 1,065 993 663 588 401 406

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,474 1,807 703 866 771 941

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4............................................. 6,751 6,621 3,223 3,178 3,527 3,443

Percent of total employed........................................... 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.4 5.4 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,558 3,510 1,866 1,869 1,691 1,641

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,727 1,728 527 603 1,199 1,125

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 241 182 144 107 97 76

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,186 1,167 666 585 520 581

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Change

from:

Dec.2010 -

Jan.2011p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,309 131,371 131,062 128,164 129,281 130,108 130,229 130,265 36

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,933 108,623 108,475 106,071 106,793 107,841 107,980 108,030 50

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,206 17,992 17,723 17,296 17,717 17,793 17,786 17,804 18

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652 743 731 719 667 735 731 732 1

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 49.1 47.0 46.7 48.7 47.8 47.3 47.9 0.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.4 694.0 684.4 672.5 617.8 686.8 683.5 684.5 1.0

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.5 161.5 160.5 160.7 156.1 161.2 160.6 161.5 0.9

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.8 209.7 201.9 194.7 198.6 206.1 204.8 203.8 -1.0

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 83.0 83.9 83.0 77.8 82.6 83.1 82.9 -0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.1 322.8 322.0 317.1 263.1 319.5 318.1 319.2 1.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,197 5,645 5,391 5,065 5,585 5,504 5,487 5,455 -32

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,187.3 1,242.0 1,215.5 1,147.1 1,250.0 1,219.0 1,218.8 1,208.9 -9.9

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.5 570.6 558.2 524.3 590.2 560.2 561.1 557.9 -3.2

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630.8 671.4 657.3 622.8 659.8 658.8 657.7 651.0 -6.7

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 711.0 883.6 792.6 717.7 810.4 845.7 830.3 823.3 -7.0

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,298.2 3,519.0 3,382.7 3,199.7 3,524.8 3,439.7 3,437.7 3,422.8 -14.9

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,400.4 1,469.4 1,412.8 1,343.9 1,509.8 1,442.2 1,443.6 1,450.3 6.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 1,897.8 2,049.6 1,969.9 1,855.8 2,015.0 1,997.5 1,994.1 1,972.5 -21.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,357 11,604 11,601 11,512 11,465 11,554 11,568 11,617 49

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,943 7,143 7,147 7,134 6,999 7,113 7,127 7,189 62

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.6 338.8 337.6 334.1 343.6 337.7 338.9 342.3 3.4

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.5 376.4 362.3 352.9 373.6 370.6 367.1 370.5 3.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.2 367.5 369.3 369.4 346.9 366.6 368.0 369.5 1.5

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250.8 1,311.9 1,315.9 1,318.0 1,253.7 1,305.7 1,313.8 1,326.6 12.8

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971.7 1,010.6 1,011.7 1,016.5 974.7 1,007.3 1,008.3 1,018.5 10.2

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,093.1 1,108.3 1,113.8 1,113.8 1,093.3 1,106.7 1,110.9 1,115.5 4.6

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 159.9 166.0 166.4 166.3 159.1 164.9 165.1 165.8 0.7

Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.7 119.2 119.5 120.5 115.8 119.6 120.1 120.9 0.8

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.1 373.2 376.3 376.6 363.5 372.9 375.2 377.4 2.2

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408.5 405.4 406.7 406.4 408.8 405.5 406.5 407.5 1.0

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 353.8 365.8 368.3 368.4 354.2 365.2 367.9 369.3 1.4

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,316.8 1,338.9 1,342.4 1,344.0 1,329.6 1,332.7 1,331.4 1,351.1 19.7

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.4 681.8 683.6 687.5 672.6 676.3 674.0 694.4 20.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.3 350.2 349.7 347.3 361.1 351.4 350.6 353.1 2.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.5 574.6 576.1 570.0 567.9 569.5 570.5 572.7 2.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,414 4,461 4,454 4,378 4,466 4,441 4,441 4,428 -13

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,416.8 1,454.0 1,454.4 1,418.4 1,444.8 1,442.1 1,443.8 1,441.8 -2.0

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 176.4 184.5 184.1 176.0 181.2 183.8 185.0 181.0 -4.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.8 119.5 119.7 118.4 117.3 119.0 119.6 119.2 -0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.7 116.8 116.7 114.6 119.7 115.8 116.0 115.1 -0.9

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.2 155.7 157.6 156.0 162.2 157.1 158.7 159.4 0.7

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4 28.9 28.5 27.7 27.4 28.7 28.2 27.8 -0.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.7 396.9 397.9 395.8 396.7 396.2 396.5 395.6 -0.9

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 492.4 484.5 479.4 469.4 494.6 480.9 476.0 473.2 -2.8

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 114.9 109.2 102.7 113.6 113.2 110.7 107.6 -3.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790.6 778.4 780.9 773.2 792.6 777.8 778.0 775.3 -2.7

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.0 626.4 625.7 625.4 616.2 626.4 628.2 632.0 3.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,727 90,631 90,752 88,775 89,076 90,048 90,194 90,226 32

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,347 25,112 25,318 24,531 24,536 24,684 24,742 24,739 -3

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,403.5 5,499.1 5,498.7 5,442.9 5,450.9 5,475.7 5,480.3 5,489.5 9.2

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,700.1 2,742.0 2,744.1 2,725.0 2,715.5 2,733.7 2,736.1 2,741.9 5.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,909.7 1,945.0 1,942.6 1,913.9 1,936.8 1,932.7 1,935.9 1,939.1 3.2

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 793.7 812.1 812.0 804.0 798.6 809.3 808.3 808.5 0.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,285.2 14,788.5 14,930.6 14,356.6 14,383.1 14,441.0 14,443.8 14,471.3 27.5

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,582.9 1,641.8 1,635.4 1,620.5 1,614.0 1,643.1 1,645.2 1,648.8 3.6

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989.5 1,018.8 1,016.8 1,009.4 1,002.6 1,018.7 1,019.4 1,021.6 2.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 441.8 450.7 456.8 438.9 437.5 435.8 436.0 435.2 -0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Change

from:

Dec.2010 -

Jan.2011p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 498.4 529.5 528.3 503.6 492.0 508.6 503.3 500.8 -2.5

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,080.6 1,088.1 1,082.3 1,063.7 1,133.7 1,112.0 1,114.5 1,118.9 4.4

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,804.1 2,834.3 2,837.0 2,797.5 2,816.1 2,810.9 2,811.7 2,813.0 1.3

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 986.7 985.4 988.2 971.6 985.3 976.4 970.4 972.4 2.0

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.7 814.2 812.1 803.5 816.2 815.3 816.9 814.9 -2.0

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,355.8 1,487.3 1,530.9 1,416.9 1,356.0 1,404.4 1,407.7 1,422.3 14.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.1 635.1 658.7 616.1 602.1 600.4 600.8 599.6 -1.2

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,945.4 3,112.9 3,184.1 2,973.5 2,951.5 2,968.2 2,972.5 2,978.4 5.9

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487.4 1,591.2 1,653.8 1,509.7 1,475.1 1,484.3 1,488.2 1,493.4 5.2

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752.9 771.3 773.1 739.4 766.2 754.9 752.4 753.3 0.9

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.8 437.9 443.7 411.4 412.5 411.0 412.4 413.7 1.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,103.6 4,275.3 4,339.0 4,184.0 4,146.0 4,218.3 4,266.9 4,228.9 -38.0

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459.6 465.4 466.0 464.7 462.8 466.9 466.8 467.4 0.6

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209.6 219.8 218.8 218.0 210.5 219.0 218.9 219.8 0.9

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 63.6 65.0 63.1 62.4 64.2 64.8 65.0 0.2

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,207.8 1,270.4 1,255.6 1,233.2 1,237.8 1,256.0 1,256.1 1,259.3 3.2

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430.9 462.9 462.3 454.1 421.2 444.3 445.5 444.3 -1.2

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.4 42.2 42.3 42.6 43.3 41.9 42.2 42.3 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 19.9 23.7 22.1 19.6 26.9 27.1 26.7 26.9 0.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 532.4 542.0 542.6 539.3 537.4 540.6 539.9 543.4 3.5

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.7 542.5 623.5 522.1 520.5 527.3 573.4 528.6 -44.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619.6 642.8 640.8 627.3 623.2 631.0 632.6 631.9 -0.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.9 548.7 549.6 547.8 555.7 549.3 551.2 549.1 -2.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,710 2,709 2,708 2,679 2,737 2,699 2,699 2,698 -1

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 766.4 760.5 759.9 753.2 771.2 757.2 756.3 755.1 -1.2

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.3 374.0 373.7 365.4 362.4 373.4 377.0 381.1 4.1

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.6 298.8 296.8 295.5 293.6 296.3 295.4 295.7 0.3

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929.1 889.8 888.6 878.9 926.3 886.0 882.3 878.7 -3.6

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.9 240.8 242.5 237.6 245.4 240.4 241.3 239.4 -1.9

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.0 145.4 146.7 147.9 137.7 145.3 146.3 147.5 1.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,621 7,610 7,626 7,562 7,666 7,616 7,616 7,606 -10

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,702.2 5,687.4 5,694.9 5,672.9 5,711.8 5,685.3 5,685.2 5,683.8 -1.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 21.0 21.2 21.0 20.7 21.1 21.2 21.1 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,545.7 2,551.0 2,555.1 2,547.4 2,547.2 2,552.1 2,550.4 2,547.8 -2.6

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,732.2 1,740.0 1,744.6 1,744.1 1,730.9 1,740.9 1,741.3 1,742.5 1.2

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306.8 1,312.9 1,317.3 1,316.3 1,304.3 1,314.4 1,316.4 1,316.2 -0.2

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.0 801.8 803.6 802.8 798.3 801.2 802.9 804.9 2.0

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,251.3 2,226.7 2,228.5 2,214.9 2,258.4 2,224.0 2,224.1 2,222.8 -1.3

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 87.6 86.9 86.5 86.8 87.2 86.9 86.6 87.2 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,918.4 1,922.6 1,931.1 1,889.2 1,954.3 1,930.6 1,931.0 1,922.5 -8.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,385.5 1,385.9 1,395.7 1,365.0 1,407.6 1,388.0 1,392.2 1,385.5 -6.7

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507.4 511.5 510.0 498.9 520.9 517.3 513.5 511.5 -2.0

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 25.5 25.2 25.4 25.3 25.8 25.3 25.3 25.5 0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,218 17,012 17,032 16,594 16,513 16,844 16,898 16,929 31

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,456.5 7,457.0 7,518.0 7,506.7 7,419.7 7,455.1 7,465.6 7,473.5 7.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,102.5 1,116.4 1,118.5 1,106.2 1,110.8 1,116.1 1,114.5 1,114.9 0.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 1,008.3 850.3 893.8 971.6 904.9 893.3 879.9 872.8 -7.1

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,266.4 1,281.4 1,279.4 1,256.7 1,284.8 1,273.9 1,275.8 1,274.2 -1.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,421.6 1,469.6 1,471.0 1,468.9 1,424.3 1,459.6 1,465.4 1,474.0 8.6

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979.2 1,012.8 1,021.7 999.8 990.1 1,000.3 1,007.4 1,011.0 3.6

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,842.3 1,871.1 1,877.4 1,864.4 1,848.8 1,870.8 1,873.1 1,873.0 -0.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,919.2 7,684.0 7,636.9 7,222.9 7,244.5 7,517.9 7,559.0 7,582.6 23.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Change

from:

Dec.2010 -

Jan.2011p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1

. . . . . . . . 6,575.0 7,323.3 7,279.2 6,871.7 6,894.6 7,159.1 7,199.7 7,223.8 24.1

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,435.2 2,939.6 2,975.8 2,688.3 2,581.7 2,808.0 2,840.3 2,853.5 13.2

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,834.7 2,278.2 2,312.7 2,059.1 1,953.5 2,164.1 2,202.2 2,190.8 -11.4

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811.0 824.9 825.1 809.2 810.4 808.8 806.1 808.0 1.9

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,571.2 1,764.3 1,689.0 1,601.3 1,727.7 1,754.5 1,765.1 1,769.4 4.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.2 360.7 357.7 351.2 349.9 358.8 359.3 358.8 -0.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,266 19,974 19,923 19,646 19,371 19,732 19,755 19,768 13

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,038.3 3,364.8 3,290.9 3,088.8 3,111.1 3,176.9 3,171.5 3,171.4 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,227.7 16,609.2 16,631.8 16,557.5 16,259.8 16,555.3 16,583.2 16,596.1 12.9

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,637.9 13,926.1 13,949.7 13,896.4 13,671.3 13,894.8 13,921.5 13,932.1 10.6

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 5,880.2 6,056.0 6,063.8 6,037.7 5,897.2 6,039.7 6,051.2 6,059.2 8.0

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,305.1 2,330.7 2,341.6 2,328.6 2,306.0 2,324.5 2,330.3 2,332.4 2.1

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.4 608.1 613.6 613.0 583.8 607.2 612.1 614.6 2.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054.1 1,104.8 1,103.2 1,100.7 1,060.3 1,099.6 1,101.4 1,105.7 4.3

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,670.6 4,709.2 4,715.8 4,705.1 4,675.6 4,701.5 4,708.5 4,709.2 0.7

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,087.1 3,160.9 3,170.1 3,153.6 3,098.5 3,153.6 3,161.8 3,163.7 1.9

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,641.3 1,679.9 1,682.4 1,674.5 1,647.5 1,674.1 1,677.0 1,679.3 2.3

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,589.8 2,683.1 2,682.1 2,661.1 2,588.5 2,660.5 2,661.7 2,664.0 2.3

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856.0 875.0 868.7 865.3 847.5 858.4 856.4 858.9 2.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,315 12,811 12,747 12,410 12,931 13,057 13,065 13,062 -3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,674.8 1,748.5 1,738.1 1,670.2 1,885.5 1,895.0 1,900.4 1,900.0 -0.4

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 349.7 395.6 395.5 365.0 388.6 410.6 413.2 411.3 -1.9

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . . 115.4 122.0 119.6 116.1 127.0 126.6 127.0 127.4 0.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,209.7 1,230.9 1,223.0 1,189.1 1,369.9 1,357.8 1,360.2 1,361.3 1.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,640.3 11,062.0 11,008.6 10,739.9 11,045.0 11,162.0 11,164.4 11,162.2 -2.2

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,652.4 1,709.9 1,697.5 1,670.1 1,740.1 1,759.3 1,758.4 1,760.6 2.2

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 8,987.9 9,352.1 9,311.1 9,069.8 9,304.9 9,402.7 9,406.0 9,401.6 -4.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,250 5,403 5,398 5,353 5,322 5,416 5,419 5,424 5

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,113.7 1,139.7 1,134.9 1,134.1 1,129.0 1,144.7 1,142.7 1,151.1 8.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,242.5 1,268.4 1,268.5 1,248.1 1,262.8 1,269.9 1,270.7 1,266.5 -4.2

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,893.3 2,995.2 2,994.3 2,970.5 2,930.2 3,001.4 3,005.5 3,006.8 1.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,376 22,748 22,587 22,093 22,488 22,267 22,249 22,235 -14

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,845.0 2,839.0 2,846.0 2,833.0 2,866.0 2,844.0 2,852.0 2,850.0 -2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,160.0 2,195.3 2,200.1 2,187.5 2,190.4 2,200.4 2,207.6 2,205.5 -2.1

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.2 643.4 646.2 645.3 676.0 643.1 644.6 644.4 -0.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,053.0 5,322.0 5,250.0 5,041.0 5,140.0 5,144.0 5,142.0 5,140.0 -2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,282.0 2,581.5 2,513.3 2,308.7 2,355.8 2,392.9 2,391.8 2,393.5 1.7

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,770.7 2,740.7 2,736.2 2,731.9 2,784.2 2,751.4 2,749.7 2,746.3 -3.4

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,478.0 14,587.0 14,491.0 14,219.0 14,482.0 14,279.0 14,255.0 14,245.0 -10.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,178.6 8,307.5 8,266.6 8,042.4 8,068.6 7,961.9 7,951.1 7,949.3 -1.8

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,299.6 6,279.6 6,224.6 6,176.8 6,413.6 6,316.6 6,304.0 6,296.0 -8.0

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.0 34.2 34.3 34.2

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.4 39.8 39.8 39.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.4 43.3 43.4 43.8

Construction........................................................................ 37.6 38.1 38.1 37.3

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.0 40.4 40.4 40.5

Durable goods................................................................... 40.1 40.7 40.6 40.7

Nondurable goods............................................................... 39.8 39.9 40.0 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.1 34.3 34.5 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................. 37.8 38.3 38.4 38.5

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.3 31.2 31.5 31.3

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.1 38.5 38.6 38.6

Utilities............................................................................ 40.5 41.5 41.3 41.8

Information.......................................................................... 36.6 36.6 36.4 36.4

Financial activities................................................................. 36.7 37.1 37.0 37.1

Professional and business services............................................. 35.2 35.5 35.7 35.7

Education and health services................................................... 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 25.6 25.9 25.8 25.8

Other services...................................................................... 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1

Durable goods........................................................................ 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.0

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Total private................................................. $22.44 $22.76 $22.78 $22.86 $ 762.96 $ 778.39 $ 781.35 $ 781.81

Goods-producing........................................ 23.92 24.18 24.22 24.41 942.45 962.36 963.96 966.64

Mining and logging................................... 26.89 27.62 27.73 28.26 1,167.03 1,195.95 1,203.48 1,237.79

Construction........................................... 25.14 25.32 25.37 25.46 945.26 964.69 966.60 949.66

Manufacturing......................................... 23.17 23.43 23.47 23.69 926.80 946.57 948.19 959.45

Durable goods...................................... 24.73 24.94 25.01 25.24 991.67 1,015.06 1,015.41 1,027.27

Nondurable goods................................. 20.70 20.97 20.97 21.14 823.86 836.70 838.80 847.71

Private service-providing............................... 22.09 22.43 22.44 22.50 728.97 742.43 745.01 747.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 19.56 19.77 19.76 19.82 667.00 678.11 681.72 681.81

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.04 26.20 26.18 26.24 984.31 1,003.46 1,005.31 1,010.24

Retail trade.......................................... 15.50 15.61 15.61 15.64 485.15 487.03 491.72 489.53

Transportation and warehousing................. 20.81 21.23 21.23 21.24 792.86 817.36 819.48 819.86

Utilities............................................... 32.59 32.50 32.83 33.11 1,319.90 1,348.75 1,355.88 1,384.00

Information............................................. 29.95 31.05 31.03 31.08 1,096.17 1,136.43 1,129.49 1,131.31

Financial activities.................................... 26.97 27.37 27.44 27.54 989.80 1,015.43 1,015.28 1,021.73

Professional and business services................ 27.11 27.40 27.32 27.32 954.27 972.70 975.32 975.32

Education and health services...................... 22.66 23.21 23.32 23.39 745.51 761.29 764.90 767.19

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.11 13.11 13.13 13.22 335.62 339.55 338.75 341.08

Other services......................................... 20.07 20.48 20.47 20.43 632.21 647.17 646.85 643.55

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2010 -

Jan.

2011p

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2010 -

Jan.

2011p

Total private....................................... 91.0 92.4 92.8 92.6 -0.2 97.4 100.3 100.8 100.9 0.1

Goods-producing............................... 79.5 80.7 80.6 80.3 -0.4 86.0 88.2 88.3 88.6 0.3

Mining and logging.......................... 91.0 100.0 99.7 100.7 1.0 98.2 110.9 111.0 114.3 3.0

Construction.................................. 72.4 72.3 72.0 70.1 -2.6 79.1 79.5 79.4 77.6 -2.3

Manufacturing................................ 82.5 84.0 84.1 84.6 0.6 88.9 91.5 91.8 93.2 1.5

Durable goods............................ 79.0 81.5 81.5 82.4 1.1 86.8 90.3 90.5 92.3 2.0

Nondurable goods........................ 88.7 88.4 88.7 88.6 -0.1 93.2 94.1 94.3 95.1 0.8

Private service-providing...................... 94.4 95.7 96.2 96.2 0.0 101.0 104.0 104.6 104.9 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 90.9 92.0 92.8 92.5 -0.3 95.7 97.9 98.7 98.7 0.0

Wholesale trade........................... 89.9 91.5 91.8 92.2 0.4 97.7 100.1 100.3 101.0 0.7

Retail trade................................ 91.4 91.5 92.4 92.0 -0.4 93.7 94.4 95.4 95.1 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 90.4 92.9 94.3 93.4 -1.0 95.5 100.1 101.6 100.7 -0.9

Utilities..................................... 97.4 98.6 98.5 99.3 0.8 104.8 105.9 106.8 108.6 1.7

Information................................... 91.5 90.2 89.7 89.7 0.0 97.6 99.7 99.1 99.2 0.1

Financial activities........................... 92.7 93.1 92.9 93.0 0.1 97.6 99.5 99.5 100.0 0.5

Professional and business services....... 91.4 94.0 94.9 95.1 0.2 100.4 104.4 105.0 105.2 0.2

Education and health services............. 103.7 105.3 105.5 105.5 0.0 110.1 114.5 115.2 115.6 0.3

Leisure and hospitality...................... 94.5 96.5 96.2 96.2 0.0 99.9 102.1 101.9 102.6 0.7

Other services............................... 92.9 94.8 94.9 94.7 -0.2 105.8 110.2 110.2 109.8 -0.4

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Total nonfarm............................................... 64,613 64,615 64,656 64,660 50.0 49.7 49.6 49.6

Total private.............................................. 51,784 51,967 52,019 52,033 48.5 48.2 48.2 48.2

Goods-producing...................................... 4,115 4,062 4,064 4,063 23.2 22.8 22.8 22.8

Mining and logging................................. 95 100 99 102 14.2 13.6 13.5 13.9

Construction........................................ 744 712 713 711 13.3 12.9 13.0 13.0

Manufacturing....................................... 3,276 3,250 3,252 3,250 28.6 28.1 28.1 28.0

Durable goods................................... 1,731 1,718 1,719 1,722 24.7 24.2 24.1 24.0

Nondurable goods............................... 1,545 1,532 1,533 1,528 34.6 34.5 34.5 34.5

Private service-providing............................. 47,669 47,905 47,955 47,970 53.5 53.2 53.2 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,038 9,970 9,970 9,980 40.9 40.4 40.3 40.3

Wholesale trade................................. 1,645.7 1,643.9 1,643.2 1,647.0 30.2 30.0 30.0 30.0

Retail trade....................................... 7,250.9 7,187.2 7,176.9 7,192.4 50.4 49.8 49.7 49.7

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,000.5 1,003.2 1,013.7 1,005.4 24.1 23.8 23.8 23.8

Utilities............................................ 140.6 135.6 135.8 134.8 25.3 24.7 24.6 24.5

Information.......................................... 1,124 1,102 1,098 1,100 41.1 40.8 40.7 40.8

Financial activities.................................. 4,535 4,463 4,464 4,461 59.2 58.6 58.6 58.7

Professional and business services............. 7,412 7,492 7,509 7,489 44.9 44.5 44.4 44.2

Education and health services................... 14,970 15,201 15,217 15,226 77.3 77.0 77.0 77.0

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,779 6,810 6,825 6,839 52.4 52.2 52.2 52.4

Other services...................................... 2,811 2,867 2,872 2,875 52.8 52.9 53.0 53.0

Government.............................................. 12,829 12,648 12,637 12,627 57.0 56.8 56.8 56.8

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Total private................................................................................ 88,024 88,870 88,952 88,989

Goods-producing........................................................................ 12,772 12,804 12,799 12,825

Mining and logging................................................................... 490 550 551 549

Construction........................................................................... 4,237 4,174 4,154 4,144

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,045 8,080 8,094 8,132

Durable goods...................................................................... 4,782 4,854 4,864 4,910

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,263 3,226 3,230 3,222

Private service-providing............................................................... 75,252 76,066 76,153 76,164

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 20,796 20,878 20,910 20,908

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,390.2 4,377.9 4,380.6 4,385.3

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,353.8 12,426.6 12,432.5 12,450.9

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,604.7 3,634.6 3,657.1 3,633.6

Utilities............................................................................... 447.3 438.7 439.6 438.1

Information............................................................................ 2,183 2,170 2,170 2,171

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,936 5,845 5,838 5,817

Professional and business services................................................ 13,499 13,813 13,861 13,896

Education and health services...................................................... 16,985 17,320 17,336 17,352

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,406 11,507 11,502 11,476

Other services........................................................................ 4,447 4,533 4,536 4,544

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.3 33.5 33.5 33.4

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.0 40.5 40.5 40.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.3 44.7 45.2 46.2

Construction........................................................................ 37.8 38.7 38.6 37.6

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.8 41.2 41.2 41.0

Durable goods................................................................... 40.9 41.6 41.6 41.3

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.8 40.6 40.7 40.4

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.0 33.5 33.6 33.5

Wholesale trade................................................................. 37.7 38.1 38.2 38.4

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.0 30.3 30.5 30.4

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 36.5 37.6 37.5 37.3

Utilities............................................................................ 41.3 42.3 42.2 42.5

Information.......................................................................... 36.6 36.4 36.1 36.2

Financial activities................................................................. 36.2 36.2 36.3 36.4

Professional and business services............................................. 35.0 35.2 35.3 35.1

Education and health services................................................... 32.3 32.1 32.1 32.1

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.8 24.9 24.7 24.6

Other services...................................................................... 30.7 30.6 30.8 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.6 4.0 3.9 4.0

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.1

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Total private................................................. $18.91 $19.24 $19.24 $19.34 $ 629.70 $ 644.54 $ 644.54 $ 645.96

Goods-producing........................................ 20.09 20.45 20.50 20.56 803.60 828.23 830.25 824.46

Mining and logging................................... 23.30 24.02 24.07 24.25 1,032.19 1,073.69 1,087.96 1,120.35

Construction........................................... 23.05 23.42 23.47 23.52 871.29 906.35 905.94 884.35

Manufacturing......................................... 18.44 18.75 18.80 18.89 752.35 772.50 774.56 774.49

Durable goods...................................... 19.65 19.94 20.03 20.11 803.69 829.50 833.25 830.54

Nondurable goods................................. 16.67 16.91 16.91 17.00 680.14 686.55 688.24 686.80

Private service-providing............................... 18.67 18.98 18.98 19.09 601.17 613.05 613.05 616.61

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 16.74 16.96 16.95 17.03 552.42 568.16 569.52 570.51

Wholesale trade.................................... 21.43 21.73 21.79 21.88 807.91 827.91 832.38 840.19

Retail trade.......................................... 13.15 13.37 13.36 13.37 394.50 405.11 407.48 406.45

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.15 19.22 19.21 19.42 698.98 722.67 720.38 724.37

Utilities............................................... 29.58 30.26 30.15 30.23 1,221.65 1,280.00 1,272.33 1,284.78

Information............................................. 25.60 26.13 26.07 26.22 936.96 951.13 941.13 949.16

Financial activities.................................... 21.44 21.69 21.66 21.78 776.13 785.18 786.26 792.79

Professional and business services................ 22.64 22.96 22.83 23.08 792.40 808.19 805.90 810.11

Education and health services...................... 19.79 20.37 20.46 20.52 639.22 653.88 656.77 658.69

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.30 11.30 11.31 11.34 280.24 281.37 279.36 278.96

Other services......................................... 16.91 17.26 17.29 17.33 519.14 528.16 532.53 532.03

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2010 -

Jan.

2011p

Jan.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010p

Jan.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2010 -

Jan.

2011p

Total private....................................... 97.9 99.5 99.6 99.3 -0.3 123.7 127.9 128.0 128.3 0.2

Goods-producing............................... 78.1 79.2 79.2 78.6 -0.8 96.0 99.2 99.4 98.9 -0.5

Mining and logging.......................... 115.4 130.6 132.3 134.8 1.9 156.3 182.5 185.3 190.1 2.6

Construction.................................. 80.2 80.9 80.3 78.0 -2.9 99.8 102.3 101.7 99.1 -2.6

Manufacturing................................ 75.3 76.4 76.5 76.5 0.0 90.8 93.7 94.1 94.5 0.4

Durable goods............................ 73.5 75.9 76.0 76.2 0.3 90.1 94.4 95.1 95.6 0.5

Nondurable goods........................ 78.4 77.2 77.5 76.7 -1.0 92.4 92.2 92.6 92.1 -0.5

Private service-providing...................... 103.6 105.1 105.2 105.2 0.0 132.6 136.7 136.9 137.7 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 95.7 97.5 97.9 97.6 -0.3 114.2 118.0 118.4 118.6 0.2

Wholesale trade........................... 97.5 98.2 98.5 99.2 0.7 123.0 125.7 126.5 127.8 1.0

Retail trade................................ 93.8 95.3 96.0 95.8 -0.2 105.7 109.2 109.9 109.8 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 99.0 102.9 103.2 102.0 -1.2 120.3 125.4 125.8 125.7 -0.1

Utilities..................................... 94.5 94.9 94.9 95.2 0.3 116.7 119.9 119.4 120.2 0.7

Information................................... 91.2 90.2 89.4 89.7 0.3 115.6 116.6 115.4 116.5 1.0

Financial activities........................... 102.8 101.3 101.4 101.3 -0.1 136.3 135.8 135.8 136.4 0.4

Professional and business services....... 105.9 109.0 109.7 109.3 -0.4 142.6 148.9 149.0 150.1 0.7

Education and health services............. 118.3 119.9 120.0 120.2 0.2 154.0 160.6 161.5 162.1 0.4

Leisure and hospitality...................... 103.7 105.0 104.1 103.5 -0.6 133.0 134.8 133.7 133.3 -0.3

Other services............................... 95.8 97.3 98.0 97.9 -0.1 118.0 122.4 123.5 123.6 0.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.