For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, December 10, 2013 USDL-13-2348

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2013

There were 3.9 million job openings on the last business day of October, little changed from September, 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.3 percent) and separations rate (3.1

percent) were also little changed in October. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of 

job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region.

Job Openings

There were 3.9 million job openings in October, little changed from September. The number of openings 

was little changed for total private and government. The number of job openings increased in arts, 

entertainment, and recreation and in the Midwest region and was little changed in the remaining 

industries and regions. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the year for total nonfarm and total 

private and was little changed for government. Over the year, the number of job openings increased in 

several industries but decreased in federal government. The Midwest and West regions experienced an

increase in job openings over the 12 months ending in October. (See table 7.)

Hires

There were 4.5 million hires in October, little changed from September. The number of hires was little

changed for total private and government. The number fell in professional and business services and was 

little changed in the rest of the industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.)

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

November 2010 - October 2013

2013 2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

November 2010 - October 2013

2013
- 2 -

Over the 12 months ending in October, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) changed little for

total nonfarm and total private but rose for government. The number of hires increased over the year in 

state and local government and was essentially unchanged in the rest of the industries and in all four

regions. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.2 million total separations in October, little changed from September. The number of total 

separations fell for total private but rose for government. (See table 3.)

In October, the quits rate was unchanged at 1.7 percent for total nonfarm. The rate was little changed for 

total private (2.0 percent) and for government (0.6 percent). The quits rate was essentially unchanged 

over the month for all industries and all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the 12 months ending in October for total 

nonfarm and total private and was little changed for government. The number of quits rose over the year

in several industries but fell in mining and logging. The number rose in the Midwest and South regions.

(See table 10.)

The layoffs and discharges rate fell in October to 1.1 percent. The rate was little changed over the month 

for total private (1.2 percent) and was unchanged for government (0.5 percent). The layoffs and 

discharges rate fell in October in the South region. Seasonally adjusted estimates of layoffs and 

discharges are not available for individual industries. (See table 5.)

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) declined over the 12 months ending in 

October for total nonfarm and total private and was little changed for government. The number of

layoffs and discharges increased over the year ending in October for mining and logging. The number 

decreased in retail trade, accommodation and food services, and other services. The level also fell in the 

West region. (See table 11.)

In October, there were 390,000 other separations for total nonfarm, little changed from September. The 

number of other separations was little changed over the month for total private but rose for government.

Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations are not available for individual industries or regions. 

(See table 6.) Over the 12 months ending in October, the number of other separations rose for total 

nonfarm and government and changed little for total private. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in October 2013, hires totaled 53.0
- 3 -

million and separations totaled 51.0 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.0 million. These 

figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for November 2013 are scheduled to be 

released on Friday, January 17, 2014 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 3,646 3,883 3,925 4,287 4,632 4,509 4,079 4,477 4,249

Total private1...................................... 3,295 3,508 3,552 4,031 4,338 4,205 3,751 4,203 3,911

Construction.................................... 100 112 124 318 299 307 288 279 280

Manufacturing.................................. 265 256 281 234 251 235 220 246 214

Trade, transportation, and utilities2.......... 618 726 682 911 923 950 828 872 875

Retail trade................................... 392 459 419 617 634 669 551 619 597

Professional and business services......... 661 629 717 864 999 873 784 959 805

Education and health services3

.............. 667 675 638 489 534 531 456 515 485

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 611 602 575 420 462 457 384 439 419

Leisure and hospitality........................ 438 550 559 752 813 831 726 814 776

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 49 58 76 125 135 150 113 143 125

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 389 492 483 627 678 681 613 671 651

Government4...................................... 350 375 373 255 294 304 328 274 338

State and local................................. 289 324 334 225 268 277 291 241 297

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.1

Total private1

...................................... 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.7 3.4

Construction.................................... 1.7 1.9 2.1 5.6 5.1 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.8

Manufacturing.................................. 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities2.......... 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.3

Retail trade................................... 2.6 2.9 2.7 4.1 4.2 4.4 3.7 4.1 3.9

Professional and business services......... 3.5 3.3 3.7 4.8 5.4 4.7 4.3 5.1 4.3

Education and health services3.............. 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.4

Leisure and hospitality........................ 3.1 3.7 3.8 5.4 5.7 5.8 5.2 5.7 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 2.4 2.8 3.6 6.3 6.7 7.4 5.7 7.1 6.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 3.2 3.9 3.8 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.3

Government4

...................................... 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5

State and local................................. 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5

1

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

2

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

3

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

4

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total.............................................. 3,646 3,869 3,808 3,844 3,883 3,925 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 3,295 3,459 3,402 3,459 3,508 3,552 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

Construction................................ 100 120 99 109 112 124 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 265 210 234 268 256 281 2.2 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. 618 712 655 694 726 682 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5

Retail trade............................... 392 473 413 418 459 419 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 661 685 664 658 629 717 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.7

Education and health services6.......... 667 665 670 732 675 638 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 611 598 610 668 602 575 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 438 483 493 514 550 559 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 49 49 47 76 58 76 2.4 2.3 2.3 3.6 2.8 3.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 389 434 446 438 492 483 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.8

Government7

.................................. 350 411 406 385 375 373 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7

State and local............................. 289 356 357 339 324 334 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 643 658 619 682 701 635 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.4

South........................................... 1,434 1,504 1,464 1,424 1,433 1,403 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8

Midwest........................................ 829 918 843 877 906 997 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.1

West............................................ 740 789 881 861 843 890 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total............................................... 4,287 4,318 4,497 4,559 4,632 4,509 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 4,031 4,036 4,219 4,261 4,338 4,205 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7

Construction................................ 318 309 307 298 299 307 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.3

Manufacturing.............................. 234 225 222 248 251 235 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. 911 842 906 936 923 950 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6

Retail trade............................... 617 586 635 659 634 669 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 864 928 1,001 979 999 873 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.4 4.7

Education and health services6.......... 489 470 530 556 534 531 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 420 403 452 461 462 457 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 752 793 753 749 813 831 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 125 133 114 106 135 150 6.3 6.5 5.6 5.2 6.7 7.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 627 660 639 643 678 681 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.6

Government7

.................................. 255 282 277 298 294 304 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local............................. 225 253 253 273 268 277 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 637 671 663 729 728 716 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8

South........................................... 1,729 1,714 1,761 1,822 1,817 1,769 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6

Midwest........................................ 931 945 1,105 1,038 1,068 986 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.2

West............................................ 990 988 968 970 1,020 1,038 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total............................................... 4,079 4,228 4,273 4,405 4,477 4,249 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 3,751 3,913 3,992 4,138 4,203 3,911 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.4

Construction................................ 288 310 292 297 279 280 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.1 4.8 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 220 224 238 246 246 214 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. 828 789 838 917 872 875 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3

Retail trade............................... 551 549 568 650 619 597 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.3 4.1 3.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 784 891 934 947 959 805 4.3 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.3

Education and health services6.......... 456 480 490 516 515 485 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 384 413 426 431 439 419 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 726 740 731 720 814 776 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 113 107 119 101 143 125 5.7 5.2 5.9 5.0 7.1 6.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 613 633 612 619 671 651 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.5 5.3

Government7

.................................. 328 315 281 267 274 338 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5

State and local............................. 291 281 247 235 241 297 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 666 679 685 735 713 693 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7

South........................................... 1,628 1,739 1,734 1,634 1,837 1,693 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.4

Midwest........................................ 851 887 894 1,032 992 934 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.0

West............................................ 933 923 961 1,003 935 929 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.1

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total............................................... 2,079 2,205 2,342 2,364 2,327 2,385 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 1,929 2,063 2,208 2,240 2,217 2,255 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0

Construction................................ 93 106 100 102 96 85 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5

Manufacturing.............................. 96 99 114 106 123 108 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. 461 461 459 527 533 565 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.2

Retail trade............................... 318 329 347 406 403 402 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.6 2.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 360 455 541 490 453 426 2.0 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.3

Education and health services6.......... 255 286 285 288 297 285 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 226 254 258 250 266 254 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 437 436 454 453 474 527 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 43 46 48 46 43 44 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 394 390 406 407 431 483 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.9

Government7

.................................. 150 142 134 124 111 131 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6

State and local............................. 137 131 122 113 100 117 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 290 298 321 329 320 336 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3

South........................................... 875 934 1,006 993 962 1,009 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0

Midwest........................................ 452 525 525 524 577 530 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7

West............................................ 462 448 490 519 468 510 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total............................................... 1,672 1,602 1,589 1,676 1,756 1,474 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 1,559 1,503 1,498 1,592 1,650 1,356 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2

Construction................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6.......... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

.................................. 113 99 91 84 106 118 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 320 309 307 337 321 287 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1

South........................................... 621 647 608 525 721 543 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.1

Midwest........................................ 332 277 294 439 328 329 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.1

West............................................ 398 370 380 376 386 314 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total............................................... 328 420 342 365 394 390 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 263 347 286 306 336 301 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Construction................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6.......... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

.................................. 65 73 56 59 57 89 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

State and local............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

South........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Midwest........................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

West............................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 3,896 3,906 4,204 2.8 2.8 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,534 3,547 3,826 3.0 3.0 3.2

Mining and logging............................................... 14 18 19 1.6 2.0 2.0

Construction....................................................... 104 117 134 1.7 1.9 2.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 265 254 286 2.2 2.1 2.3

Durable goods.................................................. 160 166 189 2.1 2.2 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 105 87 98 2.3 1.9 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 698 838 773 2.6 3.1 2.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 120 119 110 2.1 2.0 1.9

Retail trade..................................................... 479 549 515 3.1 3.5 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 100 169 148 1.9 3.2 2.8

Information........................................................ 105 104 113 3.8 3.8 4.0

Financial activities................................................ 287 255 286 3.5 3.1 3.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 225 208 243 3.7 3.4 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 62 47 43 3.1 2.3 2.1

Professional and business services............................ 709 585 777 3.7 3.0 4.0

Education and health services.................................. 701 658 659 3.3 3.1 3.1

Educational services.......................................... 59 69 66 1.7 2.0 1.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 641 589 593 3.6 3.3 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 465 553 596 3.3 3.7 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 48 53 79 2.4 2.5 3.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 418 500 517 3.4 3.9 4.1

Other services.................................................... 186 164 184 3.3 2.9 3.2

Government.......................................................... 362 359 378 1.6 1.6 1.7

Federal............................................................. 64 49 38 2.2 1.8 1.4

State and local.................................................... 297 310 339 1.5 1.6 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 699 709 689 2.7 2.7 2.6

South................................................................. 1,534 1,403 1,487 3.0 2.7 2.9

Midwest............................................................... 870 946 1,063 2.8 3.0 3.3

West.................................................................. 792 848 964 2.6 2.7 3.1

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 4,505 4,824 4,746 3.3 3.5 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,277 4,444 4,476 3.8 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 31 31 33 3.6 3.5 3.7

Construction....................................................... 323 292 311 5.5 4.8 5.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 234 252 237 2.0 2.1 2.0

Durable goods.................................................. 141 149 141 1.9 2.0 1.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 94 103 96 2.1 2.3 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,065 980 1,137 4.1 3.8 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 135 135 128 2.4 2.3 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 752 673 829 5.0 4.4 5.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 178 172 179 3.5 3.4 3.5

Information........................................................ 68 68 78 2.6 2.6 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 207 217 220 2.7 2.7 2.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 143 130 148 2.4 2.2 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 64 87 73 3.3 4.3 3.6

Professional and business services............................ 899 961 902 4.9 5.1 4.8

Education and health services.................................. 513 627 553 2.5 3.0 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 73 140 77 2.1 4.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 440 486 476 2.6 2.8 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 724 824 804 5.2 5.7 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 97 126 119 5.0 6.0 6.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 627 698 685 5.3 5.7 5.6

Other services.................................................... 213 193 201 3.9 3.5 3.7

Government.......................................................... 228 380 269 1.0 1.7 1.2

Federal............................................................. 30 28 26 1.1 1.0 1.0

State and local.................................................... 198 352 243 1.0 1.9 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 650 828 731 2.5 3.2 2.8

South................................................................. 1,830 1,839 1,875 3.7 3.7 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 978 1,099 1,018 3.2 3.5 3.3

West.................................................................. 1,046 1,058 1,122 3.5 3.5 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 4,170 4,833 4,303 3.1 3.5 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,917 4,521 4,039 3.5 3.9 3.5

Mining and logging............................................... 35 28 28 4.1 3.1 3.1

Construction....................................................... 310 290 299 5.3 4.8 4.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 242 256 227 2.0 2.1 1.9

Durable goods.................................................. 150 148 136 2.0 2.0 1.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 91 108 91 2.0 2.4 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 820 906 872 3.2 3.5 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 141 119 145 2.5 2.1 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 533 653 580 3.6 4.3 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 147 134 146 2.9 2.6 2.9

Information........................................................ 61 76 66 2.3 2.9 2.5

Financial activities................................................ 189 230 210 2.4 2.9 2.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 116 138 133 2.0 2.3 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 73 93 77 3.7 4.6 3.9

Professional and business services............................ 789 934 784 4.3 5.0 4.2

Education and health services.................................. 413 533 437 2.0 2.6 2.1

Educational services.......................................... 52 84 46 1.5 2.5 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 362 449 391 2.1 2.6 2.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 860 1,042 919 6.2 7.2 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 155 276 178 8.0 13.3 8.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 705 765 741 5.9 6.2 6.1

Other services.................................................... 198 225 197 3.6 4.1 3.6

Government.......................................................... 253 312 264 1.1 1.4 1.2

Federal............................................................. 35 36 43 1.3 1.3 1.6

State and local.................................................... 218 276 222 1.1 1.5 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 684 876 706 2.7 3.4 2.7

South................................................................. 1,664 1,854 1,713 3.4 3.7 3.4

Midwest............................................................... 857 1,104 924 2.8 3.6 3.0

West.................................................................. 966 999 960 3.3 3.3 3.2

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 2,103 2,532 2,421 1.6 1.9 1.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,986 2,408 2,313 1.8 2.1 2.0

Mining and logging............................................... 24 14 10 2.8 1.6 1.1

Construction....................................................... 109 102 96 1.8 1.7 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 102 133 112 0.9 1.1 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 60 73 62 0.8 1.0 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 42 60 50 0.9 1.3 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 463 599 582 1.8 2.3 2.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 71 62 95 1.2 1.1 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 312 466 403 2.1 3.1 2.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 80 71 83 1.6 1.4 1.6

Information........................................................ 36 35 32 1.4 1.3 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 88 109 89 1.1 1.4 1.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 56 72 58 1.0 1.2 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 32 36 31 1.6 1.8 1.5

Professional and business services............................ 375 446 426 2.1 2.4 2.3

Education and health services.................................. 250 325 275 1.2 1.6 1.3

Educational services.......................................... 25 39 26 0.7 1.2 0.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 225 286 249 1.3 1.7 1.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 457 545 566 3.3 3.8 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 43 63 44 2.2 3.0 2.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 414 482 522 3.5 3.9 4.3

Other services.................................................... 83 100 125 1.5 1.8 2.3

Government.......................................................... 117 124 108 0.5 0.6 0.5

Federal............................................................. 11 11 12 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 106 114 96 0.5 0.6 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 286 397 334 1.1 1.5 1.3

South................................................................. 890 992 1,022 1.8 2.0 2.0

Midwest............................................................... 467 637 542 1.5 2.1 1.7

West.................................................................. 460 506 523 1.5 1.7 1.7

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 1,764 1,916 1,511 1.3 1.4 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,672 1,780 1,422 1.5 1.5 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 10 11 16 1.2 1.2 1.8

Construction....................................................... 199 168 183 3.4 2.8 3.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 124 104 98 1.0 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 81 64 63 1.1 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 43 39 35 1.0 0.9 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 288 225 211 1.1 0.9 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 58 48 44 1.0 0.8 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 180 129 125 1.2 0.8 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 50 48 42 1.0 0.9 0.8

Information........................................................ 17 33 23 0.7 1.2 0.9

Financial activities................................................ 71 96 80 0.9 1.2 1.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 34 51 42 0.6 0.9 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 37 46 38 1.9 2.3 1.9

Professional and business services............................ 364 415 315 2.0 2.2 1.7

Education and health services.................................. 131 153 118 0.6 0.7 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 21 41 18 0.6 1.2 0.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 110 111 100 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 355 461 316 2.6 3.2 2.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 108 207 134 5.6 10.0 6.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 247 254 182 2.1 2.1 1.5

Other services.................................................... 112 115 62 2.1 2.1 1.1

Government.......................................................... 92 136 89 0.4 0.6 0.4

Federal............................................................. 16 12 19 0.6 0.5 0.7

State and local.................................................... 76 124 70 0.4 0.7 0.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 341 405 300 1.3 1.6 1.2

South................................................................. 653 710 556 1.3 1.4 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 329 383 317 1.1 1.2 1.0

West.................................................................. 442 419 339 1.5 1.4 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Oct.

2012

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 303 385 371 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 259 333 304 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 2 3 2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Construction....................................................... 2 21 20 0.0 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 16 20 17 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 9 11 11 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 6 9 6 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 70 82 79 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 11 9 6 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 42 59 52 0.3 0.4 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 17 15 21 0.3 0.3 0.4

Information........................................................ 8 8 11 0.3 0.3 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 29 26 42 0.4 0.3 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 25 14 33 0.4 0.2 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 4 11 8 0.2 0.6 0.4

Professional and business services............................ 51 73 43 0.3 0.4 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 32 55 44 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 6 3 3 0.2 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 26 51 41 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 48 36 37 0.3 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 6 1 0.2 0.3 0.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 44 29 36 0.4 0.2 0.3

Other services.................................................... 3 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.2

Government.......................................................... 44 52 67 0.2 0.2 0.3

Federal............................................................. 9 13 11 0.3 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 35 39 55 0.2 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 56 74 71 0.2 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 122 152 136 0.2 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 61 85 66 0.2 0.3 0.2

West.................................................................. 64 74 98 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.