Technical Contact:                                                                        USDL:  05-2382
     (202) 691-6199  ocltinfo@bls.gov
Media Contact:                                                                            FOR RELEASE:  10:00 A.M. (EST)
     (202) 691-5902                                                                       WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2005
Internet address:
     http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/home.htm


     (This news release was reissued on Wednesday, May 26, 2010, to remove table asterisks that have incorrectly
indicated statistically significant differences between some estimates.  News release text references to
statistical significance have also been removed.  Pay relative estimates have not changed.  For more information,
see http://www.bls.gov/ncs.)

                                         OCCUPATIONAL PAY RELATIVES, 2004

     The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor has produced occupational "pay relatives"
to facilitate comparisons of occupational pay between metropolitan areas and the United States as a whole.  BLS
periodically has issued occupational pay relatives using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS) and its
predecessor surveys, and now plans to publish them annually.  Using data for 2004 from the NCS, pay relatives have
been prepared for each of 9 major occupational groups within 78 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), as well as
averaged across all occupations for each area.

     The pay relative in 2004 for workers in construction and extraction occupations in the San Francisco MSA was
127, meaning the pay in San Francisco in that occupational group averaged 27 percent more than the national average
pay for workers in that occupational group (table 1).  The pay relative averaged across all occupations for workers
in the San Francisco MSA was 117, meaning that pay on average was 17 percent more in that area than for the nation
as a whole.  By contrast, the pay relative for workers in construction and extraction occupations in the Brownsville, TX
MSA, was 70, meaning pay for workers in those occupations averaged 30 percent less than the national average.  Pay
averaged across all occupations in the Brownsville MSA was 19 percent below the national average.  The pay relatives
averaged for workers in all occupations in San Francisco and Brownsville were, respectively, the highest and lowest
among the 78 areas.  In addition to these examples of area-to-national comparisons, area-to-area comparisons can be
derived using these pay relatives.

     The National Compensation Survey (NCS), introduced in 1997, collects earnings and other data on employee
compensation covering over 820 detailed occupations in 152 metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas.  Average
occupational earnings from the NCS are published annually for more than 80 metropolitan areas and for the United
States as a whole.

What is a pay relative?

     A pay relative is a calculation of pay--wages, salaries, commissions, and production bonuses--for a given
metropolitan area relative to the nation as a whole.  The calculation controls for differences among areas in
occupational composition, establishment and occupational characteristics, and the fact that data are collected for
areas at different times during the year.

     Metropolitan areas differ greatly in the types of occupations that are available to the local workforce.  For
example, the proportion of San Francisco's workers who are employed as computer programmers is approximately 48 percent
greater than the national average.(i)  Similarly, the composition of establishment and occupational characteristics--such
as whether an establishment is for profit or not-for-profit or whether an occupation is union or nonunion--varies by
area.  In addition to these factors, the NCS collects compensation data for metropolitan areas at different times
during the year.  Payroll reference dates differ between areas which makes direct comparisons between areas difficult.

     The pay relative approach controls for these differences to isolate the geographic effect on wage determination.
To illustrate the importance of controlling for these effects, consider the following example.  The average pay for
professional workers in San Francisco is $38.66 and the average pay for professional workers in the entire US is
$29.40.(ii)  A simple pay comparison can be calculated from the ratio of the two average pay levels, multiplied by 100
to express the comparison as a percentage.  The pay comparison in the example is calculated as:

     ($38.66/$29.40) X 100 = 131

     However, this comparison does not control for the interarea difference in occupational composition.  Some of the
31 percent pay premium in San Francisco relative to the nation as a whole is due to the higher concentration of highly
compensated professional workers--such as computer programmers--in San Francisco.  A more accurate estimate of the
geographic effect on wage determination in San Francisco can be obtained by taking into account this and other
differences.  Controlling for the differences in occupation composition, establishment and occupational characteristics,
and the payroll reference date in San Francisco relative to the nation as the whole, the pay relative for professional
occupations in San Francisco is equal to 118.

Using multivariate regression analysis

     A statistical technique called multivariate regression analysis controls for interarea differences.  It controls for
the following ten characteristics:

     - Occupational type
     - Industry type
     - Work level
     - Full-time / part-time status
     - Time / incentive status
     - Union / nonunion status
     - Ownership type
     - Profit / non-profit status
     - Establishment employment
     - Payroll reference date

     Even accounting for these characteristics, there is still wage variation across the areas.  The variation is due
to differences in wage determinants that were not included in the model.  Examples of these determinants include
price levels, environmental amenities such as a pleasant climate, and cultural amenities.

     For more detailed information on the pay relative methodology, see Maury B. Gittleman, "Pay Relatives for Metropolitan
Areas in the U.S.," Monthly Labor Review, March 2005, pp. 46-53.

Results

     Table 1 presents July 2004 pay relatives averaged across all occupations covered by the NCS survey and nine
occupational groups in 78 metropolitan areas.  This table represents the first presentation of NCS wage data using
the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC).  For more detailed information on SOC, see the BLS website:
http://www.bls.gov/soc/home.htm.

     The occupational groups are:

          (1) management, business, and financial occupations
          (2) professional and related occupations
          (3) service occupations
          (4) sales and related occupations
          (5) office and administrative support occupations
          (6) construction and extraction occupations
          (7) installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
          (8) production occupations
          (9) transportation and material movement occupations

Comparisons between areas

     The pay relatives presented in Table 1 are area-to-national comparisons.  However, it is easy to derive area-to-area
comparisons from them.  To do so, divide the pay relative for the occupational group and area in question by the pay
relative for the same occupational group in the area to which the first is being compared.  Then multiply the result by
100 so that the comparison is expressed as a percentage.

     For example, the pay relative for professional occupations in San Francisco is 118 and the pay relative for professional
occupations in Los Angeles is 111.  The San Francisco-to-Los Angeles pay relative for professional occupations is calculated as:

     (118/111) X 100 = 106

     In the example, there is approximately a 6 percent pay premium for professional occupations in San Francisco relative
to the same occupational group in Los Angeles.

Differences between the 2004 pay relatives and historical pay relatives

     Historical pay relative data are available for 2002(iii), 1998(iv), and 1992-1996.(v)  There are several differences between
the 2004 pay relatives and the historical pay relatives, including different industry and occupation classification systems,
varying methodology, and different survey designs.  These differences limit comparability.

     The 2004 pay relatives use the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to define industry type.
Occupation type and the occupational groups presented in Table 1 are defined using the Standard Occupational Classification
System (SOC).  The 2002 and 1992-1996 pay relatives defined industry type using the Standard Industry Classification (SIC)
system.  Occupation type and occupational groups for the 2002, 1998, and 1992-1996 pay relatives were defined using the
Occupational Classification System (OCS).

     The 2004 and 2002 pay relatives used a similar multivariate regression technique methodology to calculate pay relatives.
The 1998 and 1992-1996 pay relatives were calculated using a weighted cell means methodology.  The methodology controlled
for fewer characteristics:

     - Occupational type
     - Work level
     - Payroll reference date

     The 2004, 2002, and 1998 pay relatives were derived from the National Compensation Survey (NCS).  The 1992-1996 pay
relatives were derived from the Occupational Compensation Survey (OCS).  The NCS and OCS have significantly different sample
designs.  For example, the OCS collected wage data for sampled establishments with 50 or more employees.  The NCS collects
data for all sampled establishments.  Additionally, the OCS collected wage data for a fixed list of jobs.  The NCS collects
wage data for randomly selected jobs.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Footnotes


  (i) The proportion of computer programmers in San Francisco relative to the nation as a whole was calculated using total
employment estimates found in the November 2004 Metropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates publication,
http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm.

  (ii) Average pay for professional workers in San Francisco and for the United States are based on wage estimates published
in the San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA National Compensation Survey, April 2004 and the National Compensation Survey:
Occupational Wages in the United States, July 2004, http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/compub.htm.

  (iii) For more information, see Maury B. Gittleman, "Pay Relatives for Metropolitan Areas in the U.S.," Monthly Labor Review,
March 2005, pp.  46-53.

  (iv) For more information, see Parastou Karen Shahpoori, "Pay Relatives for Major Metropolitan Areas," Compensation and Working
Conditions, Spring 2003.

  (v) For more information, see the Occupational Compensation Survey Publications List (1992-1996),
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocspubs.htm.


                                                        Technical Note

     The pay relatives in this release, as with estimates from any sample survey, are subject to sampling and non-sampling
errors.  Sampling errors are differences that occur between the pay relatives estimated from the sample and the true pay
relatives derived from the population.  Pay relatives are also subject to a variety of non-sampling errors that can influence
the estimates.  The NCS may be unable to obtain information for some establishments; there may be difficulties with survey
definitions; respondents may be unable to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data may occur.
Non-sampling errors of these kinds were not specifically measured.  However, they are expected to be minimal due to the
extensive training of the field economists who gathered the survey data, computer edits of the data, and detailed data review.

     For more details, see Maury B. Gittleman, "Pay Relatives for Metropolitan Areas in the NCS" Monthly Labor Review,
March 2005, pp. 46-53, and Parastou Karen Shahpoori, "Pay Relatives for Major Metropolitan Areas," Compensation and Working
Conditions Online, April 28, 2003.


 Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in
 metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, July 2004

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
 occupational group shown = 100.)


                                                      Management,
          Metropolitan Area(1)               All       business,
                                         occupations      and
                                                       financial


 United States.........................          100          100

 Amarillo, TX..........................           91           89
 Anchorage, AK.........................          111          110
 Atlanta, GA...........................          103          101
 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC..................           95           94
 Austin-San Marcos, TX.................           97           95
 Birmingham, AL........................           94          104

 Bloomington, IN.......................           93          102
 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
 MA-NH-ME-CT...........................          112          110
 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
 TX....................................           81           78
 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY.............          102           92
 Charleston-North Charleston, SC.......           96          105
 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC...           98           97
 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........          106          103

 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN.........          101           95
 Cleveland-Akron, OH...................          101          101
 Columbus, OH..........................           97           90
 Corpus Christi, TX....................           88           95
 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX.................           99          103
 Dayton-Springfield, OH................           99           93
 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............          102          101

 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI...........          106          102
 Elkhart-Goshen, IN....................           94           92
 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO.............           97           88
 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI.....          104          101
 Great Falls, MT.......................           87           85
 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
 NC....................................           99           95
 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC...           96           93

 Hartford, CT..........................          113          107
 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC..........           99           88
 Honolulu, HI..........................          104          104
 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........           97          107
 Huntsville, AL........................           97           98
 Indianapolis, IN......................           98           94
 Iowa City, IA.........................          100           99

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)



          Metropolitan Area(1)          Professional    Service
                                         and related



 United States.........................          100          100

 Amarillo, TX..........................           87           89
 Anchorage, AK.........................          109          119
 Atlanta, GA...........................           99          102
 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC..................           97           89
 Austin-San Marcos, TX.................           95          102
 Birmingham, AL........................           97           97

 Bloomington, IN.......................           87           93
 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
 MA-NH-ME-CT...........................          109          114
 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
 TX....................................           95           81
 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY.............           97          108
 Charleston-North Charleston, SC.......           98           86
 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC...           91           94
 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........          103          105

 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN.........           98          104
 Cleveland-Akron, OH...................          101           99
 Columbus, OH..........................           96           96
 Corpus Christi, TX....................           93           84
 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX.................          100           95
 Dayton-Springfield, OH................           96           94
 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............           99          101

 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI...........          107          101
 Elkhart-Goshen, IN....................           99           92
 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO.............           95           97
 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI.....          100          101
 Great Falls, MT.......................           83           92
 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
 NC....................................           98           97
 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC...           94           93

 Hartford, CT..........................          109          124
 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC..........           93           98
 Honolulu, HI..........................          106          107
 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........          102           88
 Huntsville, AL........................           99           95
 Indianapolis, IN......................           98           96
 Iowa City, IA.........................           98          104

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                                      Office and
          Metropolitan Area(1)            Sales and  administra-
                                            related  tive support



 United States.........................          100          100

 Amarillo, TX..........................           88           90
 Anchorage, AK.........................          101          107
 Atlanta, GA...........................          107          105
 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC..................           88           93
 Austin-San Marcos, TX.................          100          102
 Birmingham, AL........................           92           92

 Bloomington, IN.......................           96           88
 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
 MA-NH-ME-CT...........................          106          117
 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
 TX....................................           80           81
 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY.............          100          102
 Charleston-North Charleston, SC.......           93           99
 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC...          102          101
 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........          108          108

 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN.........          104          100
 Cleveland-Akron, OH...................           97           99
 Columbus, OH..........................          100           99
 Corpus Christi, TX....................           90           86
 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX.................          101          100
 Dayton-Springfield, OH................          102           96
 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............           97          101

 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI...........           98          108
 Elkhart-Goshen, IN....................           95           92
 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO.............           96           99
 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI.....          106          100
 Great Falls, MT.......................           82           81
 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
 NC....................................           88          100
 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC...           91           99

 Hartford, CT..........................          114          111
 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC..........           90          100
 Honolulu, HI..........................          105          102
 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........           98           97
 Huntsville, AL........................           96           97
 Indianapolis, IN......................           82          104
 Iowa City, IA.........................           91          103

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                        Construction Installation,
          Metropolitan Area(1)               and     maintenance,
                                         extraction   and repair



 United States.........................          100          100

 Amarillo, TX..........................           89           90
 Anchorage, AK.........................          130          108
 Atlanta, GA...........................          103          108
 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC..................           88           98
 Austin-San Marcos, TX.................           93          103
 Birmingham, AL........................           76          100

 Bloomington, IN.......................           98           92
 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
 MA-NH-ME-CT...........................          117          111
 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
 TX....................................           70           80
 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY.............          101          101
 Charleston-North Charleston, SC.......           81           89
 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC...           89           98
 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........          123          105

 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN.........          102           98
 Cleveland-Akron, OH...................           96          105
 Columbus, OH..........................          112           98
 Corpus Christi, TX....................           80           84
 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX.................           96           98
 Dayton-Springfield, OH................           99           99
 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............           96          106

 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI...........          110          104
 Elkhart-Goshen, IN....................           99           87
 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO.............           99          100
 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI.....          106          101
 Great Falls, MT.......................          122          100
 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
 NC....................................           93          102
 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC...           90           88

 Hartford, CT..........................          138          111
 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC..........           81           97
 Honolulu, HI..........................          102          107
 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........           94           95
 Huntsville, AL........................           89           95
 Indianapolis, IN......................           95           99
 Iowa City, IA.........................          104           92

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                                     Transporta-
          Metropolitan Area(1)           Production     ion and
                                                       material
                                                        moving


 United States.........................          100          100

 Amarillo, TX..........................          110           97
 Anchorage, AK.........................          122          114
 Atlanta, GA...........................          100          103
 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC..................           99           96
 Austin-San Marcos, TX.................           90           87
 Birmingham, AL........................           93           94

 Bloomington, IN.......................           98          101
 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
 MA-NH-ME-CT...........................          109          119
 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
 TX....................................           73           77
 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY.............          105          101
 Charleston-North Charleston, SC.......           93          102
 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC...          104          103
 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........          103          109

 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN.........          108          100
 Cleveland-Akron, OH...................          106          105
 Columbus, OH..........................           92           98
 Corpus Christi, TX....................           90           85
 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX.................           94           99
 Dayton-Springfield, OH................          112          104
 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............          104          104

 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI...........          115          109
 Elkhart-Goshen, IN....................           95           94
 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO.............           96          100
 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI.....          107          107
 Great Falls, MT.......................          101           88
 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
 NC....................................          104          104
 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC...          103           97

 Hartford, CT..........................          112          110
 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC..........          103          111
 Honolulu, HI..........................           94          106
 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........           96           93
 Huntsville, AL........................           98           94
 Indianapolis, IN......................          106          104
 Iowa City, IA.........................           99          105

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                                      Management,
          Metropolitan Area(1)               All       business,
                                         occupations      and
                                                       financial



 Johnstown, PA.........................           87           95
 Kansas City, MO-KS....................           98           87
 Knoxville, TN.........................           95          105
 Lincoln, NE...........................           92           93
 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
 CA....................................          107          108
 Louisville, KY-IN.....................          100          103
 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL.....           92           89

 Memphis, TN-AR-MS.....................           96           94
 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL.............           93           98
 Milwaukee-Racine, WI..................          105          100
 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI...........          109          103
 Mobile, AL............................           90           90
 New Orleans, LA.......................           90           87
 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
 Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA...................          110          111

 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
 VA-NC.................................           93           94
 Ocala, FL.............................           92           98
 Oklahoma City, OK.....................           91           86
 Orlando, FL...........................           91           91
 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
 PA-NJ-DE-MD...........................          107          107
 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ......................          102           98
 Pittsburgh, PA........................           97           96

 Portland-Salem, OR-WA.................          100           97
 Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
 RI-MA.................................          108          103
 Reading, PA...........................          104          108
 Reno, NV..............................           99           93
 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA..........          100           98
 Richmond-Petersburg, VA...............           99           95
 Rochester, NY.........................           99          101

 Rockford, IL..........................          101           84
 Sacramento-Yolo, CA...................          108          106
 Salinas, CA...........................          110          108
 San Antonio, TX.......................           92           91
 San Diego, CA.........................          108          109

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


          Metropolitan Area(1)          Professional    Service
                                         and related




 Johnstown, PA.........................           84           90
 Kansas City, MO-KS....................           93           98
 Knoxville, TN.........................           91           89
 Lincoln, NE...........................           87           95
 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
 CA....................................          111          111
 Louisville, KY-IN.....................          102          105
 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL.....           86           95

 Memphis, TN-AR-MS.....................           89           93
 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL.............           97           91
 Milwaukee-Racine, WI..................           95          100
 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI...........          104          119
 Mobile, AL............................           93           85
 New Orleans, LA.......................           93           83
 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
 Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA...................          115          110

 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
 VA-NC.................................           93           91
 Ocala, FL.............................           88           87
 Oklahoma City, OK.....................           88           88
 Orlando, FL...........................           89           86
 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
 PA-NJ-DE-MD...........................          108          106
 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ......................          101           94
 Pittsburgh, PA........................           96           99

 Portland-Salem, OR-WA.................           93          109
 Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
 RI-MA.................................          110          117
 Reading, PA...........................          101          103
 Reno, NV..............................           95          102
 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA..........           99          105
 Richmond-Petersburg, VA...............           97           99
 Rochester, NY.........................           97          107

 Rockford, IL..........................          102           98
 Sacramento-Yolo, CA...................          112          113
 Salinas, CA...........................          117          111
 San Antonio, TX.......................           93           87
 San Diego, CA.........................          117          111

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                                      Office and
          Metropolitan Area(1)            Sales and  administra-
                                           related   tive support




 Johnstown, PA.........................           90           83
 Kansas City, MO-KS....................          105          101
 Knoxville, TN.........................           92           99
 Lincoln, NE...........................           91           90
 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
 CA....................................          109          107
 Louisville, KY-IN.....................           98          100
 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL.....           96           92

 Memphis, TN-AR-MS.....................           94           92
 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL.............           94           93
 Milwaukee-Racine, WI..................          120          102
 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI...........          105          105
 Mobile, AL............................           88           92
 New Orleans, LA.......................          109           84
 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
 Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA...................          107          114

 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
 VA-NC.................................           98           96
 Ocala, FL.............................           91           97
 Oklahoma City, OK.....................           91           89
 Orlando, FL...........................          100           92
 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
 PA-NJ-DE-MD...........................          112          108
 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ......................          130          106
 Pittsburgh, PA........................           94           99

 Portland-Salem, OR-WA.................          102          102
 Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
 RI-MA.................................          113          109
 Reading, PA...........................          103          102
 Reno, NV..............................          111           91
 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA..........          105           92
 Richmond-Petersburg, VA...............           99           98
 Rochester, NY.........................           96           95

 Rockford, IL..........................           93           93
 Sacramento-Yolo, CA...................          108          106
 Salinas, CA...........................          119          110
 San Antonio, TX.......................           97           95
 San Diego, CA.........................          111          103

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                        Construction Installation,
          Metropolitan Area(1)               and     maintenance,
                                         extraction   and repair



 Johnstown, PA.........................           84          107
 Kansas City, MO-KS....................          103           94
 Knoxville, TN.........................           86           92
 Lincoln, NE...........................           82           96
 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
 CA....................................          110          109
 Louisville, KY-IN.....................          104           91
 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL.....           90          101

 Memphis, TN-AR-MS.....................          111          103
 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL.............           84           93
 Milwaukee-Racine, WI..................          105          111
 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI...........          116          108
 Mobile, AL............................           91           90
 New Orleans, LA.......................           85           89
 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
 Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA...................          127          100

 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
 VA-NC.................................           87           92
 Ocala, FL.............................           81           94
 Oklahoma City, OK.....................           86           93
 Orlando, FL...........................           87          104
 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
 PA-NJ-DE-MD...........................          106          107
 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ......................           90          106
 Pittsburgh, PA........................           91           95

 Portland-Salem, OR-WA.................          108          105
 Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
 RI-MA.................................           98           88
 Reading, PA...........................          100           98
 Reno, NV..............................          101          114
 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA..........           99           92
 Richmond-Petersburg, VA...............           88           97
 Rochester, NY.........................           95           89

 Rockford, IL..........................          111          115
 Sacramento-Yolo, CA...................          105          112
 Salinas, CA...........................          118          109
 San Antonio, TX.......................           79           83
 San Diego, CA.........................          108          108

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                                     Transporta-
          Metropolitan Area(1)           Production    tion and
                                                       material
                                                        moving



 Johnstown, PA.........................           85           80
 Kansas City, MO-KS....................          109          100
 Knoxville, TN.........................           93           94
 Lincoln, NE...........................           94           95
 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
 CA....................................           97          101
 Louisville, KY-IN.....................           92           99
 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL.....           89          100

 Memphis, TN-AR-MS.....................           94          101
 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL.............           89           92
 Milwaukee-Racine, WI..................          117          107
 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI...........          111          119
 Mobile, AL............................           91           98
 New Orleans, LA.......................           86           94
 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
 Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA...................          102          113

 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
 VA-NC.................................           86           93
 Ocala, FL.............................           86          104
 Oklahoma City, OK.....................           97           93
 Orlando, FL...........................           90           92
 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
 PA-NJ-DE-MD...........................          101          108
 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ......................          102          100
 Pittsburgh, PA........................           94          101

 Portland-Salem, OR-WA.................           99          103
 Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
 RI-MA.................................          100          115
 Reading, PA...........................          104          108
 Reno, NV..............................           93          100
 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA..........          104          100
 Richmond-Petersburg, VA...............          101          104
 Rochester, NY.........................          102          100

 Rockford, IL..........................          107          103
 Sacramento-Yolo, CA...................          106          110
 Salinas, CA...........................          100           96
 San Antonio, TX.......................          100           95
 San Diego, CA.........................          100          102

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                                      Management,
          Metropolitan Area(1)               All       business,
                                         occupations      and
                                                       financial


 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA....          117          117
 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA..........          105           95

 Springfield, MA.......................           94          103
 Springfield, MO.......................           89           91
 St. Louis, MO-IL......................           98           95
 Tallahassee, FL.......................           86           83
 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL...           94           99
 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........           98           95

 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV.....          105          101
 York, PA..............................           98          106
 Youngstown-Warren, OH.................           98           89

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)



          Metropolitan Area(1)          Professional    Service
                                         and related



 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA....          118          121
 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA..........           98          116

 Springfield, MA.......................          107          106
 Springfield, MO.......................           88           89
 St. Louis, MO-IL......................           95           95
 Tallahassee, FL.......................           86           84
 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL...           90           92
 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........          105           98

 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV.....          108          105
 York, PA..............................          101           97
 Youngstown-Warren, OH.................           94           88

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                                      Office and
          Metropolitan Area(1)            Sales and  administra-
                                           related   tive support



 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA....          113          120
 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA..........          103          105

 Springfield, MA.......................          110          110
 Springfield, MO.......................           88           86
 St. Louis, MO-IL......................          105           98
 Tallahassee, FL.......................           99           88
 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL...          106           93
 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........          101           96

 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV.....          101          110
 York, PA..............................          102           93
 Youngstown-Warren, OH.................          101           87

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                        Construction Installation,
          Metropolitan Area(1)               and     maintenance,
                                         extraction   and repair


 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA....          127          116
 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA..........          115          102

 Springfield, MA.......................          107          109
 Springfield, MO.......................           83           90
 St. Louis, MO-IL......................          112           95
 Tallahassee, FL.......................           91           79
 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL...           88          101
 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........           87           99

 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV.....          103          101
 York, PA..............................           91          100
 Youngstown-Warren, OH.................           99           96

 (Continued)

 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)


                                                     Transporta-
          Metropolitan Area(1)           Production    tion and
                                                       material
                                                        moving


 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA....          110          113
 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA..........          108          105

 Springfield, MA.......................          110           65
 Springfield, MO.......................           95           94
 St. Louis, MO-IL......................           97          109
 Tallahassee, FL.......................           83          108
 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL...           93          100
 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........           93           91

 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV.....          102           98
 York, PA..............................           94          101
 Youngstown-Warren, OH.................          111          111

  1 A metropolitan area can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area
 (MSA) or Combined Statistical Area (CSA) as defined by the
 Office of Management and Budget, 1994.