1

Technical information: (202) 691-6392

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 04-720

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Thursday, April 22, 2004

 http://www.bls.gov/mls/

MASS LAYOFFS IN MARCH 2004

In March 2004, there were 920 mass layoff actions by employers, as measured by new filings for

unemployment insurance benefits during the month, according to data from the U.S. Department of Labor’s

Bureau of Labor Statistics. Each action involved at least 50 persons from a single establishment, and the

number of workers involved totaled 92,554. (See table 1.) Both the number of events and initial claims

were sharply lower than a year ago and were the lowest for any March since 1999. From January through

March 2004, the total number of events, at 4,289, and initial claims, at 416,209, were lower than in JanuaryMarch 2003 (4,885 and 463,421, respectively).

Industry Distribution

Automobile manufacturing, with 6,553 initial claimants, temporary help services, with 5,311 initial

claimants, and food service contractors, with 4,975 initial claimants, together accounted for 18 percent of all

initial claims in March. The 10 industries reporting the highest number of mass-layoff initial claims accounted

for 32,411 initial claims in March, 35 percent of the total. (See table A.)

The manufacturing sector had 28 percent of all mass layoff events and 37 percent of all initial claims filed

in March. A year ago, manufacturing reported 32 percent of events and 36 percent of initial claims. Within

manufacturing, the number of claimants was highest in transportation equipment (13,430, mostly automotiverelated), followed by food processing (6,220, mainly in frozen fruits and vegetables). (See table 2.)

The administrative and waste services sector accounted for 14 percent of events and 12 percent of initial

claims filed in March, with layoffs mostly in temporary help services. Nine percent of all layoff events and

initial claims filed during the month were in accommodation and food services, especially in food service

contractors, which recorded a series peak for March. Construction accounted for 12 percent of events and

8 percent of initial claims during the month, primarily among specialty trade contractors. An additional 8 percent of events and 7 percent of initial claims were in retail trade, mostly from discount department stores.

Government establishments accounted for 4 percent of events and 3 percent of initial claims filed during

the month.

Compared with March 2003, the largest decreases in initial claims were reported in computer and

electronic product manufacturing (-3,803), administrative and support services (-3,286), machinery

manufacturing (-3,068), and general merchandise stores (-2,829). The largest over-the-year increase

in initial claims was reported in transportation equipment manufacturing (+8,369).
2

Table A. Industries with the largest mass-layoff initial claims in March 2004 p

Industry

Initial claims

March peak

Year

Initial claims

Automobile manufacturing...................................... 1996 15,411

Temporary help services........................................ 2002 14,338

Food service contractors....................................... 4,975 2004 4,975

Motion picture and video production..................... 3,702 2000 6,735

Light truck and utility vehicle mfg. .......................... 2,624 2004 2,624

School and employee bus transportation................ 2,589 2002 6,064

Professional employer organizations ....................... 1,895 2002 2,987

Household refrigerator and home freezer mfg. ....... 1,763 2001 2,279

All other transportation equipment mfg. ................. 1,670 2004 1,670

Frozen fruit and vegetable manufacturing ............... 1,329 1997 2,560

p=preliminary.

5,311

 6,553

Geographic Distribution

Among the four regions, the highest number of initial claims in March due to mass layoffs was reported in

the West, 32,508. (See table 3.) Administrative and support services and motion picture and sound recording industries accounted for 30 percent of all initial claims in that region during the month. The Midwest region was next, with 25,756 initial claims, followed by the South, with 22,094, and the Northeast, with

12,196.

The number of initial claimants in mass layoffs declined over the year in all four of the regions, with the

largest decrease in the West (-14,419). Eight of the nine geographic divisions had over-the-year decreases

in the number of initial claims associated with mass layoffs, with the largest decrease in the Pacific division

(-13,202).

Among the states, California recorded the largest number of initial claims filed in mass layoff events in

March (25,730), mostly in administrative and support services and in motion picture and sound recording

industries. Pennsylvania reported 6,682 initial claims, followed by Texas (4,641), Michigan (4,548), and

Florida (4,405). These five states accounted for 58 percent of all layoff events and 50 percent of all initial

claims for unemployment insurance. (See table 4.)

California reported the largest over-the-year decrease in the number of initial claims (-10,630), followed

by Texas (-3,486), Oregon (-2,478), and Indiana (-2,217). The largest over-the-year increase occurred in

Michigan (+3,700).

Note

The monthly data series in this release cover mass layoffs of 50 or more workers beginning in a given

month, regardless of the duration of the layoffs. Information on the length of the layoff is obtained later and

issued in a quarterly release that reports on mass layoffs lasting more than 30 days (referred to as “extended

mass layoffs”). The quarterly release provides more information on the industry classification and location of

the establishment and on the demographics of the laid-off workers. Because monthly figures include short-
3

term layoffs of 30 days or less, the sum of the figures for the 3 months in a quarter will be higher than the

quarterly figure for mass layoffs of more than 30 days. (See table 1.) See the Technical Note for more

detailed definitions.

The report on Extended Mass Layoffs in the First Quarter of 2004 is scheduled to be released on

Tuesday, May 18, 2004. The report on Mass Layoffs in April 2004 is scheduled to be released on

Wednesday, May 26, 2004.

NOTE: Due to budget constraints in the Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program,

beginning with data for the first quarter of 2004, the scope of extended mass layoffs and

plant closings, regularly reported in the quarterly release, Extended Mass Layoffs, has been

redefined to cover only the private nonfarm economy. Quarterly information on layoff

events in agriculture and government will no longer be collected. However, the monthly

reporting of the MLS program in the release, Mass Layoffs, which is based only on

administrative data, will be unaffected and will continue to cover the total economy.

______________________________
Technical Note

The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state

program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying,

describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data

from each state’s unemployment insurance database. Each month,

states report on establishments which have at least 50 initial claims

filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period. These

establishments then are contacted by the state agency to determine

whether these separations lasted 31 days or longer, and, if so, other

information concerning the layoff is collected. States report on layoffs

lasting more than 1 month on a quarterly basis.

A given month contains an aggregation of the weekly unemployment

insurance claims filings for the Sunday through Saturday weeks in that

month. All weeks are included for the particular month, except if the

first day of the month falls on Saturday. In this case, the week is

included in the prior month's tabulations. This means that some

months will contain 4 weeks and others 5 weeks, and the number of

weeks in a given month may be different from year to year. Therefore,

analysis of over-the-month and over-the-year change should take this

calendar effect into consideration.

The MLS program resumed operations in April 1995 after it

had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. Prior

to April 1995, monthly layoff statistics were not available.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200;

TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Definitions

Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent

period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of

eligibility.

Mass layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment

insurance benefits filed against an establishment during a 5-week

period, regardless of duration.
Table 1. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, January 2002 to March 2004

Extended mass layoffs 

lasting more than 30 days Realization rates 1

Events Initial

claimants Events Initialclaimants Events Initialclaimants Events Initialclaimants

2002

January ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,146 263,777 2,028 252,245 

February ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,382 138,808 1,253 129,849 

March ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,460 161,316 1,335 151,305 

First Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,988 563,901 4,616 533,399 1,611 292,998 34.9 54.9 

April ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,506 165,814 1,378 153,216 

May ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,723 179,799 1,571 166,801 

June ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,584 162,189 1,266 136,424 

Second Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,813 507,802 4,215 456,441 1,624 299,598 38.5 65.6 

July ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,042 245,294 1,819 226,892 

August ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,248 128,103 1,151 119,874 

September ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,062 124,522 957 114,736 

Third Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,352 497,919 3,927 461,502 1,186 254,955 30.2 55.2 

October ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,497 171,100 1,270 149,327 

November ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,153 240,171 1,860 216,237 

December ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,474 264,158 2,324 252,807 

Fourth Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6,124 675,429 5,454 618,371 1,916 370,592 35.1 59.9 

2003

January ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,315 225,430 2,130 210,918 

February ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,363 124,965 1,222 116,264 

March ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,207 113,026 1,099 104,468 

First Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,885 463,421 4,451 431,650 1,502 297,524 33.7 68.9 

April ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,581 161,412 1,470 152,937 

May ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,703 174,204 1,538 160,729 

June ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,691 157,552 1,336 127,743 

Second Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,975 493,168 4,344 441,409 1,799 346,549 41.4 78.5 

July ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,087 226,435 1,815 206,901 

August ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,258 133,839 1,163 124,131 

September ..................................................................................................................................................................... 868 82,647 756 73,914 

Third Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,213 442,921 3,734 404,946 1,190 225,609 31.9 55.7 

October ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,523 158,240 1,265 137,706 

November ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,438 138,543 1,234 123,524 

December ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,929 192,633 1,793 182,750 

Fourth Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,890 489,416 4,292 443,980 2,p 1,592 2,p 229,014 37.1 51.6 

2004

January ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,428 239,454 2,226 220,687 

February p .................................................................................................................................................................... 941 84,201 832 76,577 

March p.................................................................................................................................................................... 920 92,554 847 87,782 

First Quarter p .................................................................................................................................................................... 4,289 416,209 3,905 385,046 

 1 The event realization rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm data on these layoffs become available. Experience suggests that the

mass layoff events lasting more than 30 days. The initial claimant realization number of extended mass layoff events is generally revised upwards

rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm mass layoff initial claimants by less than 10 percent and the number of initial claimants associated

associated with layoffs lasting more than 30 days. with such events increases by 25-40 percent.

 2 These quarterly numbers are provisional and will be revised as more p = preliminary.

Mass layoffs

Total mass layoffs

Private nonfarm

Date
Table 2. Industry distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

Industry

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

March January February March March January February March

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,207 2,428 941 920 113,026 239,454 84,201 92,554 

Total, private ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,163 2,339 905 884 109,417 228,578 81,093 89,955 

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 64 113 73 37 4,949 7,891 4,516 2,173 

 Total, private nonfarm....................................................... 1,099 2,226 832 847 104,468 220,687 76,577 87,782 

 Mining ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 17 4 4 708 1,329 505 206 

 Utilities ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 345 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Construction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 125 324 131 106 7,640 23,405 8,586 7,288 

 Manufacturing..................................................................................................................................................................... 390 848 240 258 41,063 89,551 23,043 34,686 

 Food ..................................................................................................................................................................... 72 108 62 56 7,607 11,083 6,517 6,220 

 Beverage and tobacco products ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 9 6 9 ( 2 ) 834 557 1,039 

 Textile mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 48 4 6 764 6,376 310 456 

 Textile product mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 19 7 ( 2

 ) 432 1,933 560 ( 2 ) 

 Apparel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 44 5 13 950 5,836 389 1,050 

 Leather and allied products ..................................................................................................................................................................... – 11 ( 2

 ) – – 1,195 ( 2 ) –

 Wood products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35 46 18 16 3,104 5,651 1,438 1,540 

 Paper ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 20 4 7 937 1,847 391 529 

 Printing and related support activities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 24 10 7 658 2,147 828 501 

 Petroleum and coal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... – 5 ( 2

 ) – – 362 ( 2 ) –

 Chemicals ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 23 4 7 ( 2 ) 2,384 324 416 

 Plastics and rubber products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 50 10 14 552 4,821 917 1,061 

 Nonmetallic mineral products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19 42 5 12 1,882 3,813 312 860 

 Primary metals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 44 9 4 1,766 4,579 913 375 

 Fabricated metal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24 72 18 16 1,734 6,960 1,720 1,103 

 Machinery ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35 39 12 10 3,761 3,017 803 693 

 Computer and electronic products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 41 44 12 15 5,077 3,561 815 1,274 

 Electrical equipment and appliances ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 23 11 12 3,787 2,263 2,109 2,789 

 Transportation equipment ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44 114 23 38 5,061 15,107 2,671 13,430 

 Furniture and related products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 36 9 11 1,727 3,541 679 985 

 Miscellaneous manufacturing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 27 8 ( 2

 ) 830 2,241 553 ( 2 ) 

 Wholesale trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 27 13 19 1,811 2,391 956 1,518 

 Retail trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 102 188 102 77 10,480 22,145 9,383 6,733 

 Transportation and warehousing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37 128 35 38 4,356 14,038 4,658 4,682 

 Information ..................................................................................................................................................................... 50 67 19 32 6,971 9,394 4,716 4,912 

 Finance and insurance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33 41 25 27 2,130 3,547 1,562 2,228 

 Real estate and rental and leasing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 15 ( 2

 ) 5 483 1,202 ( 2 ) 332 

 Professional and technical services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40 47 30 29 3,187 4,288 4,247 2,619 

 Management of companies and enterprises ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 3 6 ( 2

 ) 339 895 587 ( 2 ) 

 Administrative and waste services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 163 285 139 129 15,062 27,855 11,065 11,546 

 Educational services.................................................................................................................. ( 2

 ) 8 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 553 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Health care and social assistance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24 35 16 19 1,569 2,991 954 1,039 

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 41 11 4 663 3,149 677 167 

 Accommodation and food services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 71 113 46 82 7,111 9,614 4,455 8,755 

 Other services, except public administration..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 26 8 9 280 2,992 629 506 

 Unclassified ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 10 2 1 284 1,003 191 85 

Government ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44 89 36 36 3,609 10,876 3,108 2,599 

 Federal ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 26 6 5 570 2,725 504 428 

 State ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 13 13 10 614 1,405 1,121 763 

 Local ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 50 17 21 2,425 6,746 1,483 1,408 

 

1

 Data were reported by all states and the District of Columbia. p = preliminary.

 

2

 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 3. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by census region and division

Census region and division

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

March January February March March January February March

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 United States1

 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,207 2,428 941 920 113,026 239,454 84,201 92,554 

Northeast ..................................................................................................................................................................... 157 498 117 123 15,230 50,650 12,795 12,196 

 New England ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 64 26 12 2,987 5,689 3,321 912 

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 128 434 91 111 12,243 44,961 9,474 11,284 

South ..................................................................................................................................................................... 263 501 191 207 24,630 53,115 17,770 22,094 

 South Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 109 244 87 101 9,362 25,490 8,799 8,749 

 East South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 55 153 32 41 4,752 17,176 3,602 4,141 

 West South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 99 104 72 65 10,516 10,449 5,369 9,204 

Midwest ..................................................................................................................................................................... 237 688 211 185 26,239 68,404 19,183 25,756 

 East North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 174 574 172 138 18,946 58,674 15,385 19,002 

 West North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 63 114 39 47 7,293 9,730 3,798 6,754 

West ..................................................................................................................................................................... 550 741 422 405 46,927 67,285 34,453 32,508 

 Mountain ..................................................................................................................................................................... 48 63 28 30 4,363 6,292 2,323 3,146 

 Pacific ..................................................................................................................................................................... 502 678 394 375 42,564 60,993 32,130 29,362 

 

 

1

 See footnote 1, table 2. Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central:

 

 

p

 = preliminary. Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, 

 NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, 

the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, 

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, 

Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, 

Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

 
Table 4. State distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

State

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

March January February March March January February March

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,207 2,428 941 920 113,026 239,454 84,201 92,554 

Alabama ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 112 ( 2

 ) 7 1,108 13,754 ( 2 ) 654 

Alaska ..................................................................................................................................................................... – 6 ( 2

 ) – – 429 ( 2 ) –

Arizona ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 7 3 6 1,148 645 214 593 

Arkansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 3 381 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 422 

California ..................................................................................................................................................................... 438 576 365 341 36,360 51,395 29,865 25,730 

Colorado ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 11 5 ( 2

 ) 1,126 1,043 523 ( 2 ) 

Connecticut ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 7 5 – 412 669 351 –

Delaware ..................................................................................................................................................................... – ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

District of Columbia ..................................................................................................................................................................... – ( 2

 ) – ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) 

Florida ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60 60 46 57 4,188 4,044 3,480 4,405 

Georgia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 92 17 11 1,224 10,525 2,448 927 

Hawaii ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 4 ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) 296 ( 2 ) 788 

Idaho ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 16 ( 2

 ) 10 1,187 1,125 ( 2 ) 1,156 

Illinois ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35 88 47 29 3,161 9,610 4,108 3,812 

Indiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37 58 24 13 4,826 5,499 2,195 2,609 

Iowa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 29 7 11 1,572 2,267 698 1,330 

Kansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 14 6 5 1,449 954 517 357 

Kentucky ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 10 10 18 2,124 1,030 950 2,164 

Louisiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 14 13 10 402 908 757 887 

Maine ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 14 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,463 347 ( 2 ) 

Maryland ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 19 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2,009 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Massachusetts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 30 5 6 1,263 2,375 352 386 

Michigan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 171 23 27 848 16,615 2,150 4,548 

Minnesota ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 30 6 9 1,041 2,688 460 2,979 

Mississippi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 6 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 509 384 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Missouri ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 26 16 14 2,930 2,422 1,479 1,429 

Montana ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 4 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 270 336 ( 2 ) 

Nebraska ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 11 3 5 ( 2 ) 984 548 363 

Nevada ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 14 9 7 475 2,225 594 642 

New Hampshire ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 480 ( 2 ) 

New Jersey ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 73 25 23 1,253 7,191 2,749 2,151 

New Mexico ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 6 ( 2

 ) 3 248 328 ( 2 ) 323 

New York ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40 194 26 27 3,571 24,376 3,612 2,451 

North Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 18 10 13 1,273 1,829 912 1,261 

North Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) 

Ohio ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40 141 46 31 4,988 15,169 4,142 4,167 

Oklahoma ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 13 5 8 1,606 1,517 413 3,254 

Oregon ..................................................................................................................................................................... 41 70 13 13 4,336 6,681 986 1,858 

Pennsylvania ..................................................................................................................................................................... 71 167 40 61 7,419 13,394 3,113 6,682 

Rhode Island ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 5 7 3 ( 2 ) 332 1,716 219 

South Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 26 3 6 986 3,563 325 863 

South Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Tennessee ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 25 19 14 1,011 2,008 1,723 1,231 

Texas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 76 74 52 44 8,127 7,571 4,062 4,641 

Utah ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 5 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 656 295 ( 2 ) 

Vermont ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 5 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 833 573 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 24 8 10 1,392 3,061 574 1,010 

Washington ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 22 13 13 1,745 2,192 1,023 986 

West Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) 

Wisconsin ..................................................................................................................................................................... 52 116 32 38 5,123 11,781 2,790 3,866 

Wyoming ..................................................................................................................................................................... – – – ( 2

 ) – – – ( 2 ) 

Puerto Rico ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 5 9 4 378 511 891 318 

 1 See footnote 1, table 2. p

 = preliminary.

 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero.