For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, August 16, 2012 USDL-12-1648 

Technical information: (202) 691-6339 • atusinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/tus 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

ACCESS TO AND USE OF LEAVE—2011 

DATA FROM THE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY

In 2011, 90 percent of wage and salary workers had access to paid or unpaid leave at their main jobs, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Twenty-one percent of wage and salary workers took 

paid or unpaid leave during an average week. Workers who took leave during an average week took an 

average of 15.6 hours of leave. Fifty-six percent of wage and salary workers were able to adjust their 

work schedules or location instead of taking leave or because they did not have access to leave in 2011. 

Seven percent of workers made such an adjustment in an average week. 

These findings are from a supplementary set of questions asked as part of the 2011 American Time Use 

Survey (ATUS). The ATUS is a continuous household survey that provides estimates on how people 

spend their time. The data on wage and salary workers' access to leave, use of leave, and ability to adjust 

their work schedules were collected as part of the 2011 Leave Module sponsored by the Department of 

Labor's Women's Bureau. These data on leave were collected directly from wage and salary workers. 

The data thus represent only workers' knowledge on these topics. Workers sometimes do not know 

whether they can use leave or adjust their work schedules or location until they have a need to do so. For 

more information about the ATUS Leave Module, see the Technical Note. 

Access to paid or unpaid leave in 2011: 

 On average, 59 percent of wage and salary workers had access to paid leave. Seventy-seven 

percent of wage and salary workers had access to unpaid leave and an additional 7 percent of 

workers were unsure whether they had access to unpaid leave. Ninety percent of workers had 

access to either paid or unpaid leave. (See table 1.) 

 Men and women were about equally likely to have access to paid or unpaid leave at their main 

jobs in 2011. Ninety percent of men had access to paid or unpaid leave compared with 91 

percent of women. Comparisons of access to leave in this news release are on a broad level and 

do not control for many factors that can be important in explaining differences in leave access, 

including differences in the distribution of workers by their full- or part-time work status, 

educational attainment, and occupation. (See table 1.) 

 By occupation, workers in management, business, and financial operations jobs were the most 

likely to have access to paid leave (77 percent). (See table 1.) 
- 2 - 

 Seventy-six percent of workers in the public sector had access to paid leave, compared with 57 

percent of private-sector workers. (See table 1.) 

 Among single jobholders, full-time wage and salary workers were more than 3 times as likely to 

have access to paid leave than were part-time workers—71 percent compared with 22 percent. 

(See table 1.) 

 Among single jobholders, 83 percent of full-time wage and salary workers in the highest 

earnings range had access to paid leave, compared with 50 percent of full-time workers in the 

lowest earnings range. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time 

wage and salary workers. (See table 1.) 

 Among wage and salary workers age 25 and over, 72 percent of workers with a bachelor's degree 

or higher had access to paid leave, compared with 35 percent of workers with less than a high 

school diploma. (See table 1.) 

Use of paid or unpaid leave in 2011: 

 Twenty-one percent of wage and salary workers took paid or unpaid leave during an average 

week. Workers who took leave during an average week took an average of 15.6 hours of leave. 

(See tables 3 and 4.) 

 Women were slightly more likely than men to take leave from their jobs during an average 

week—23 percent compared with 20 percent. (See table 3.) 

 In an average week, 6 percent of wage and salary workers reported their main reason for taking 

leave was a vacation, 5 percent took leave because they were ill or needed medical care, and 4 

percent took leave mainly to run errands or for personal reasons. (See table 4.) 

 Of those wage and salary workers who took leave from their main jobs during an average week, 

57 percent used only paid leave and 40 percent used only unpaid leave. Three percent of these 

workers used a combination of paid and unpaid leave. (See table 3.) 

Ability to adjust work schedule or location instead of taking time off from work in 2011: 

 Fifty-six percent of wage and salary workers were able to adjust their work schedules or location 

of their main jobs instead of taking time off from work in 2011. This includes wage and salary 

workers who adjusted their work schedules or location instead of taking leave as well as those 

who did so because they did not have access to leave but needed time off from work. (See 

table 5.) 

 Men and women were equally likely to be able to adjust their work schedules or location instead 

of taking time off from work. (See table 5.) 

 Among wage and salary workers age 25 and over, 61 percent of those with a bachelor's degree or 

higher were able to adjust their work schedules or location instead of taking time off from work, 

compared with only 38 percent of workers with less than a high school diploma. (See table 5.) 
- 3 - 

 In an average week in 2011, 7 percent of wage and salary workers adjusted their work schedules 

or location of their main jobs instead of taking time off from work. (See table 6.) 

 Parents of a household child under the age of 13 were more likely to adjust their work schedules 

or location instead of taking time off from work in an average week than workers who were not a 

parent of a household child under 18—10 percent compared with 6 percent. (See table 6.) 

Additional data 

All ATUS 2011 data files, including the Leave Module data files, are available for users to do their own 

tabulations and analyses. In accordance with BLS and Census Bureau policies that protect survey 

respondents' privacy, identifying information was removed from the data files and some responses have 

been edited. The 2011 data files are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/tus/data.htm. 
Technical Note 

The data in this release were collected through a 

supplementary set of questions, the 2011 Leave Module, 

asked as part of the 2011 American Time Use Survey 

(ATUS). The ATUS—a continuous survey conducted by 

the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor 

Statistics—focuses on obtaining information about how 

individuals age 15 and over spend their time. In 2011, there 

were approximately 12,500 respondents to the survey. For 

more information about the survey, see the ATUS User’s 

Guide at www.bls.gov/tus/atususersguide.pdf. The purpose 

of the 2011 ATUS Leave Module was to obtain information 

about workers' access to leave, use of leave, and ability to 

adjust their work schedules or location. The data in this 

release pertain to wage and salary workers and their main 

job. Self-employed incorporated workers are classified as 

wage and salary workers. The data exclude all unincorporated self-employed workers. Respondents to the 2011 

Leave Module answered questions about access to paid and 

unpaid leave, reasons for taking leave, use of leave during 

the past 7 days, ability to adjust work schedules or location, 

times when leave was needed but not taken, and other 

related topics. 

These data on leave were collected directly from wage 

and salary workers. The data thus represent only workers' 

knowledge on these topics. Workers sometimes do not 

know whether they can use leave or adjust their work 

schedules or location until they have a need to do so. Leave 

Module data were collected from January through 

December 2011. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

Leave questions and concepts 

In the 2011 Leave Module, questions about access to 

and use of leave were asked of wage and salary workers. 

The survey was introduced as follows: "The next few 

questions are about paid and unpaid leave from a job." 

Following the introduction, respondents were asked 

about access to paid leave at their main job, reasons for 

which they can take paid leave, and types of paid leave 

available. 

Respondents were then asked about access to unpaid 

leave and reasons for which they can take unpaid leave 

from their main job. 

If respondents answered that they had access to paid 

or unpaid leave, they were asked whether they had taken 

any leave during the past 7 days. If they took leave, they 

were asked about how many hours they took, the main 

reason for taking leave, and if available, what type of paid 

leave they used. 

In the next set of questions, respondents were asked 

about their ability to adjust their work schedules or location 

instead of taking leave (asked of those with access to 

leave), or because they needed time off from work (asked 

of those without access to leave). If the respondents 

indicated they could adjust their work schedules or location, 

they were asked additional questions about how they can 

adjust their schedules or location and whether they adjusted 

their schedules or location during the past 7 days. 

Respondents who adjusted their work schedules or location 

instead of taking leave were asked about their reasons for 

doing so, and their reasons for not using leave instead. 

Respondents without access to leave were asked about their 

reasons for needing to adjust their work schedules or 

location. 

Respondents who worked during the 7 days prior to 

the interview were asked if there were situations during the 

past 7 days in which they needed to take off from work but 

did not. If so, respondents were asked their reasons for 

needing leave, and their reasons for not using leave instead. 

Respondents without access to leave were asked about their 

reasons for needing leave. 

The final two questions asked respondents about their 

health in general and their average level of pain during the 

past 7 days. The Leave Module questionnaire is available at 

www.bls.gov/tus/lvmquestionnaire.pdf. 

Definitions 

Employment and earnings 

 Employed. All persons who, at any time during the 

7 days prior to the interview: 

1. Did any work at all as paid employees; 

worked in their own business, profession, or 

on their own farm; or usually worked 15 hours 

or more as unpaid workers in a familyoperated enterprise; or 

2. Were not working but had jobs or businesses 

from which they were temporarily absent due 

to illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare 

problems, labor-management disputes, maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other 

family or personal reasons, whether or not 

they were paid for the time off or were 

seeking other jobs.

 Employed full time. For the purpose of producing 

estimates related to leave, full-time workers are 

single jobholders who usually worked 35 hours or 

more per week. 

 Employed part time. For the purpose of producing 

estimates related to leave, part-time workers are 

single jobholders who usually worked fewer than 

35 hours per week. 
 Main job. For persons holding more than one job, 

the questions in the Leave Module referred to the 

characteristics of their main job— the job in which 

they worked the most hours during the past 7 days. 

 Wage and salary workers. These are workers who 

receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes 

employees in both the private and public sectors 

and self-employed persons whose businesses are 

incorporated, but excludes self-employed persons 

whose businesses are unincorporated. 

 Usual weekly earnings. Estimates represent the 

earnings of full-time wage and salary workers with 

one job only, excluding incorporated selfemployed workers, before taxes and other 

deductions. 

 Weekly earnings ranges. The ranges used for the 

quartiles represent approximately 25 percent of 

full-time wage and salary workers (incorporated 

self-employed workers are excluded) who held 

only one job. For example, 25 percent of full-time 

wage and salary workers with one job only had 

weekly earnings of $540 or less. 

The ranges used for the median represent 

approximately 50 percent of the full-time wage 

and salary workers (incorporated self-employed 

workers are excluded) who held only one job. For 

example, 50 percent of full-time wage and salary 

workers with one job only had weekly earnings of 

$830 or less. 

Leave related 

 Paid leave. Respondents were asked "Do you 

receive paid leave on your job?” or, for those with 

multiple jobs, "Thinking about the job where you 

worked the most hours last week, do you receive 

paid leave on your job?" Respondents were 

identified as having paid leave at their main job if 

they answered "yes” to one of these questions. 

 Unpaid leave. Respondents were asked "Are you 

allowed to take time off from work without pay?” 

or, for those with multiple jobs, "In your main job, 

are you allowed to take time off from work 

without pay?" Respondents were identified as 

having unpaid leave at their main job if they 

answered "yes" to one of these questions.

 Reasons for taking leave. If respondents answered 

"yes" to having paid or unpaid leave, they were 

asked about specific reasons for which they could 

take paid and unpaid leave. The reasons are: own 

illness or medical care; illness or medical care of 

another family member; childcare, other than for 

illness; eldercare, other than for illness; vacation; 

errands or personal reasons; and birth or adoption 

of a child. 

Other 

 Average week. The average week reflects an 

average across all wage and salary workers in the 

population for the period of 7 days prior to the 

interview day. Interviews are conducted on nearly 

all days of the year. The sequence of days included 

in the average week differs for respondents whose 

interviews were conducted on different days of the 

week. For example, if the interview was conducted 

on a Friday, the average week refers to the 

previous Friday through Thursday (yesterday). If 

the interview was conducted on a Monday, the 

average week refers to the previous Monday 

through Sunday (yesterday). 

 Health. Respondents were asked "Would you say 

your health in general is excellent, very good, 

good, fair, or poor?" Answers to this question were 

used to categorize health status for the estimates in 

this release. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the ATUS Leave Module are 

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a 

sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, 

estimates differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs 

because samples differ by chance is known as sampling 

error, and its variability is measured by the standard error 

of the estimate. 

Sample estimates from a given survey design are 

unbiased when an average of the estimates from all possible 

samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population 

value. In this case, the sample estimate and its standard 

error can be used to construct approximate confidence 

intervals, or ranges of values that include the true 

population value with known probabilities. If the process of 

selecting a sample from the population were repeated many 

times, an estimate made from each sample, and a suitable 

estimate of its standard error calculated for each sample, 

then approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 

standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors 

above the estimate would include the true population value. 

BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent 

level of confidence. 

The ATUS Leave Module data also are affected by 

nonsampling error, which is the average difference between 

population and sample values for samples generated by a 

given process. Nonsampling error can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 
respondents to provide correct information, and errors made 

in the collection or processing of the data. 

Nonsampling error and leave. Data provided in the 

Leave Module may be affected by nonsampling error for a 

variety of reasons. Access to paid or unpaid leave may be 

misreported if respondents are unaware of their employers’ 

leave policies. For example, newer employees may not yet 

know whether they can take paid or unpaid leave from their 

jobs, under what circumstances or for which reasons they 

can take leave, or the different types of paid leave available 

to them. Some employers may have formal or written leave 

policies, while others may rely on employees’ supervisors 

to convey and implement leave policies. Unless employees 

have inquired about the specific leave arrangements, they 

may not know if the specific leave arrangements are 

possible. For example, workers with paid leave, who have 

never used unpaid leave, may not know if they can use 

unpaid leave, or under what circumstances they may use 

unpaid leave. 

Differences between employer- and employee-based 

surveys. Estimates of access to leave that are derived from 

responses to household (or employee-based) surveys may 

differ from estimates produced using establishment (or 

employer-based) surveys. In general, employer-based 

surveys often provide more detailed and accurate data on 

employer leave policies, while household surveys allow 

researchers to examine demographic factors such as sex, 

age, ethnicity, education, race, and health status and how 

they relate to leave availability and usage. 
Table 1. Wage and salary workers with access to paid or unpaid leave at their main job by selected characteristics, 2

Characteristic

Total wage

and salary

workers

(in

thousands)

Percent of workers with access to:

Paid leave 1 Unpaid leave 1 

Yes No Do not know Yes No Do not know Ye

Age

Total, 15 years and over ........................................... 139,058 59.0 39.7 1.1 76.6 15.9 7.3 90 15 to 24 years ......................................................... 20,880 26.0 71.0 3.0 80.5 15.1 4.4 86 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 30,901 63.0 35.9 .9 79.0 13.4 7.3 92 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 28,954 65.6 33.3 .8 72.3 19.1 8.2 89 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 31,566 69.7 29.8 .5 77.3 14.7 8.0 92 55 to 64 years ......................................................... 21,254 63.9 34.6 1.0 74.5 17.3 7.7 89 65 years and over ................................................... 5,503 45.5 52.6 1.7 74.3 17.5 7.5 88

Sex

 Men .......................................................................... 73,430 60.3 38.6 1.0 75.4 17.3 7.0 89 Women .................................................................... 65,628 57.5 41.0 1.3 77.9 14.3 7.6 90

Race 3

 White ....................................................................... 116,125 58.9 39.8 1.2 76.9 15.4 7.5 90 Black or African American ....................................... 15,204 60.6 38.2 1.0 76.7 17.5 5.5 90 Asian ........................................................................ 5,188 62.2 36.8 .2 72.1 20.0 6.8 87

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 4

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...................................... 18,511 43.0 55.1 1.9 71.2 23.3 5.6 81 Nonhispanic ............................................................. 120,548 61.4 37.3 1.0 77.4 14.8 7.5 91

Educational attainment (25 years and over)

 Less than a high school diploma ............................. 8,002 34.9 63.9 1.2 70.4 24.9 4.8 80 High school graduates, no college .......................... 33,358 61.1 38.2 .4 75.8 18.0 5.9 88 Some college or associate degree .......................... 30,886 66.4 32.4 .9 78.2 14.6 6.9 92 Bachelor’s degree and higher .................................. 45,932 71.6 27.2 .9 75.3 14.1 10.3 93

Parent of a household child

 Parent of a household child under 18 years ............ 47,401 63.2 36.0 .7 76.6 16.6 6.6 90 Parent of a child 13 to 17 (none younger) ............. 9,711 66.3 33.4 .3 71.6 18.7 9.7 87 Parent of a child under 13 ..................................... 37,690 62.4 36.7 .7 77.9 16.1 5.8 90 Not a parent of a household child under 18 ............. 91,657 56.8 41.6 1.4 76.5 15.5 7.6 90

Health 5

 Excellent .................................................................. 38,052 58.6 39.6 1.2 75.0 17.5 7.0 89 Very good ................................................................ 52,725 62.0 36.9 1.0 79.9 13.0 7.0 92 Good ........................................................................ 38,054 56.5 42.5 1.0 74.8 17.0 7.9 88 Fair or poor .............................................................. 10,227 53.4 44.5 2.0 71.8 20.8 7.2 87See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Wage and salary workers with access to paid or unpaid leave at their main job by selected characteristics, 2

averages—Continued

Characteristic

Total wage

and salary

workers

(in

thousands)

Percent of workers with access to:

Paid leave 1 Unpaid leave 1 

Yes No Do not know Yes No Do not know Ye

Occupation

 Management, business, and financial operations ... 21,246 77.2 21.5 0.9 72.3 16.9 10.2 92 Professional and related .......................................... 32,140 69.4 29.5 .8 76.2 13.2 10.2 93 Services ................................................................... 24,004 35.7 62.4 2.0 79.7 15.5 4.7 87 Sales and related ..................................................... 14,042 44.6 52.2 3.1 75.3 18.1 6.5 85 Office and administrative support ............................ 18,929 66.0 33.2 .6 78.6 14.6 6.5 91 Farming, fishing, and forestry .................................. 703 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( 

 Construction and extraction ..................................... 6,878 36.1 63.5 .4 71.3 24.2 4.5 84 Installation, maintenance, and repair ....................... 4,972 71.3 28.6 .1 79.0 16.7 4.3 91 Production ............................................................... 7,688 62.9 36.4 .7 81.5 14.7 3.8 90 Transportation and material moving ........................ 8,456 58.3 41.0 .5 75.6 17.7 6.5 89

Industry

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ................ 1,251 32.5 67.1 ~0 83.5 16.1 ~0 87 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction .......... 1,014 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 (  Construction ............................................................ 8,684 38.5 60.9 .5 71.2 23.8 4.9 85 Manufacturing .......................................................... 14,272 73.2 25.9 .8 79.5 12.8 7.5 92 Wholesale and retail trade ....................................... 19,279 53.5 43.7 2.8 77.6 16.1 6.2 88 Transportation and utilities ...................................... 7,411 72.2 27.2 ~0 74.6 18.8 6.1 89 Information ............................................................... 3,548 59.9 38.7 1.3 69.1 20.8 9.3 85 Financial activities ................................................... 8,096 79.0 20.3 .2 74.9 13.4 11.0 95 Professional and business services ........................ 15,433 56.4 42.3 1.3 77.5 13.0 9.4 89 Education and health services ................................. 34,912 65.3 33.8 .6 76.5 14.9 8.2 91 Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 13,224 24.8 71.7 3.2 80.2 16.1 3.4 86 Other services ......................................................... 5,066 42.2 57.6 .2 72.9 21.2 6.0 85 Public administration ............................................... 6,870 89.2 10.7 .2 76.0 14.6 9.4 98

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Wage and salary workers with access to paid or unpaid leave at their main job by selected characteristics, 2

averages—Continued

Characteristic

Total wage

and salary

workers

(in

thousands)

Percent of workers with access to:

Paid leave 1 Unpaid leave 1 

Yes No Do not know Yes No Do not know Ye

Class of worker 6

 Private sector ........................................................... 111,092 56.8 41.7 1.3 77.3 15.4 7.0 90 Private, for profit .................................................... 100,795 56.2 42.2 1.4 77.7 15.3 6.7 90 Private, not for profit .............................................. 10,296 63.0 36.7 .3 73.2 16.4 10.0 92 Public sector ............................................................ 23,586 76.1 23.1 .7 75.5 15.2 9.2 92 Federal government .............................................. 3,878 86.3 12.0 1.7 79.2 9.1 11.7 95 State government .................................................. 8,627 75.3 24.2 .5 76.3 14.3 9.5 94 Local government .................................................. 11,082 73.1 26.0 .6 73.6 18.0 8.1 90

Full- and part-time status

(single jobholders only)

 Full-time workers ..................................................... 98,492 71.4 27.5 .8 76.3 15.5 7.8 92 Part-time workers .................................................... 27,743 22.4 74.8 2.6 81.4 14.3 4.3 85

Earnings of full-time workers

(single jobholders only) 7

 $0 - $540 ................................................................. 24,229 50.1 48.2 1.5 78.0 16.5 5.1 88 $541 - $830 ............................................................. 23,989 77.1 21.9 .9 78.9 14.1 6.9 94 $831 - $1,230 .......................................................... 23,260 81.2 17.8 .7 74.8 15.0 9.7 95 $1,231 and higher .................................................... 24,195 82.8 16.4 .4 75.4 14.1 10.1 94

 1 The subcategories do not sum to 100 percent because a small number of workers did not provide this information. 2 Some workers have access to both paid and unpaid leave. 3 Estimates for the race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. 4 Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. 5 Health status was self-reported by individuals who participated in the survey. 6 Class of worker estimates do not include self-employed incorporated workers. 7 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers (exc

workers) who held only one job.

 8 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

~0 Estimate is approximately zero.NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to wage and salary workers age 15 years and over. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporatsalary workers.
Table 2. Wage and salary workers who took leave from their main job during an average week: percent of workers ta

taken, and main reason for taking leave, 2011 annual averages

Characteristic

Total wage

and salary

workers

(in

thousands)

Workers who took paid or unpaid leave during an average week for any rea

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent

Average

hours of

leave

taken

Percent distribution by main reason for tak

Total

Own

illness or

medical

care

Illness or

medical

care of a

family

member

Childcare or

eldercare (other

than for

illness)

Vacation

Err

pe

re

Age

Total, 15 years and over ....................... 139,058 29,653 21.3 15.61 100.0 21.9 5.6 2.3 29.5  15 to 24 years ..................................... 20,880 4,253 20.4 13.81 100.0 22.6 .5 1.1 21.3  25 to 34 years ..................................... 30,901 6,252 20.2 13.94 100.0 17.0 7.7 3.7 25.6  35 to 44 years ..................................... 28,954 5,972 20.6 17.49 100.0 18.8 6.1 3.5 32.8  45 to 54 years ..................................... 31,566 7,674 24.3 16.23 100.0 24.6 7.0 2.2 32.7  55 to 64 years ..................................... 21,254 4,742 22.3 16.09 100.0 27.3 4.3 .4 31.8  65 years and over ............................... 5,503 760 13.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 

Sex

 Men ...................................................... 73,430 14,456 19.7 15.73 100.0 16.9 5.1 2.6 30.8  Women ................................................ 65,628 15,198 23.2 15.50 100.0 26.8 6.1 1.9 28.3 

Race 1

 White ................................................... 116,125 25,228 21.7 15.45 100.0 20.8 5.7 2.4 29.8  Black or African American ................... 15,204 3,219 21.2 16.25 100.0 31.1 4.9 1.0 26.0  Asian .................................................... 5,188 822 15.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 2

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .................. 18,511 2,564 13.9 15.93 100.0 22.8 6.2 6.2 23.1  Nonhispanic ......................................... 120,548 27,089 22.5 15.58 100.0 21.8 5.5 1.9 30.1 

Educational attainment (25 years

and over)

 Less than a high school diploma ......... 8,002 1,050 13.1 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 

 High school graduates, no college ...... 33,358 7,170 21.5 17.29 100.0 24.8 7.3 2.3 26.7  Some college or associate degree ...... 30,886 6,538 21.2 15.06 100.0 20.7 7.7 2.0 31.2  Bachelor’s degree and higher .............. 45,932 10,642 23.2 15.42 100.0 19.7 4.5 2.2 36.0 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Wage and salary workers who took leave from their main job during an average week: percent of workers ta

taken, and main reason for taking leave, 2011 annual averages—Continued

Characteristic

Total wage

and salary

workers

(in

thousands)

Workers who took paid or unpaid leave during an average week for any rea

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent

Average

hours of

leave

taken

Percent distribution by main reason for tak

Total

Own

illness or

medical

care

Illness or

medical

care of a

family

member

Childcare or

eldercare (other

than for

illness)

Vacation

Err

pe

re

Parent of a household child

 Parent of a household child under 18

years ............................................... 47,401 10,260 21.6 16.21 100.0 18.2 8.6 6.0 26.5 

 Parent of a child 13 to 17 (none

younger) ......................................... 9,711 1,865 19.2 16.48 100.0 21.8 7.6 7.5 38.2 

 Parent of a child under 13 ................. 37,690 8,396 22.3 16.15 100.0 17.4 8.8 5.6 23.9  Not a parent of a household child

under 18 ......................................... 91,657 19,393 21.2 15.29 100.0 23.9 4.0 .3 31.1 

Health 3

 Excellent .............................................. 38,052 8,253 21.7 16.00 100.0 12.8 4.4 1.2 39.5  Very good ............................................ 52,725 10,855 20.6 15.31 100.0 17.8 4.9 2.6 30.6  Good .................................................... 38,054 8,596 22.6 15.46 100.0 32.2 6.7 2.3 21.7  Fair or poor .......................................... 10,227 1,950 19.1 16.37 100.0 38.2 9.9 4.7 15.5 

Occupation

 Management, business, and financial

operations ....................................... 21,246 4,465 21.0 15.88 100.0 17.6 5.6 2.9 36.9 

 Professional and related ...................... 32,140 8,110 25.2 15.97 100.0 19.4 4.6 2.2 36.3  Services ............................................... 24,004 4,369 18.2 14.00 100.0 27.6 9.0 1.1 20.2  Sales and related ................................. 14,042 2,480 17.7 14.73 100.0 21.1 1.9 3.7 35.5  Office and administrative support ........ 18,929 4,633 24.5 12.68 100.0 24.5 4.6 1.5 25.2  Farming, fishing, and forestry .............. 703 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 

 Construction and extraction ................. 6,878 1,141 16.6 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )  Installation, maintenance, and repair ... 4,972 1,141 23.0 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )  Production ........................................... 7,688 1,527 19.9 20.33 100.0 22.4 2.2 2.7 33.0  Transportation and material moving .... 8,456 1,541 18.2 16.92 100.0 30.0 3.6 3.9 12.8 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Wage and salary workers who took leave from their main job during an average week: percent of workers ta

taken, and main reason for taking leave, 2011 annual averages—Continued

Characteristic

Total wage

and salary

workers

(in

thousands)

Workers who took paid or unpaid leave during an average week for any rea

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent

Average

hours of

leave

taken

Percent distribution by main reason for tak

Total

Own

illness or

medical

care

Illness or

medical

care of a

family

member

Childcare or

eldercare (other

than for

illness)

Vacation

Err

pe

re

Industry

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and

hunting ............................................ 1,251 423 33.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas

extraction ........................................ 1,014 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 

 Construction ........................................ 8,684 1,517 17.5 16.14 100.0 12.1 9.9 5.6 19.6  Manufacturing ...................................... 14,272 3,037 21.3 17.95 100.0 16.1 4.2 3.3 37.5  Wholesale and retail trade ................... 19,279 3,179 16.5 14.89 100.0 23.1 4.4 3.3 27.6  Transportation and utilities .................. 7,411 1,763 23.8 20.32 100.0 35.2 4.5 1.8 23.5  Information ........................................... 3,548 871 24.6 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )  Financial activities ............................... 8,096 1,780 22.0 16.49 100.0 17.2 6.0 3.4 42.0  Professional and business services .... 15,433 4,246 27.5 13.60 100.0 12.3 6.4 .4 26.3  Education and health services ............. 34,912 7,076 20.3 16.75 100.0 26.8 4.8 2.2 29.5  Leisure and hospitality ......................... 13,224 2,556 19.3 15.75 100.0 22.5 6.5 3.1 32.0  Other services ..................................... 5,066 652 12.9 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )  Public administration ........................... 6,870 2,395 34.9 10.99 100.0 30.8 7.4 1.1 32.2 

Class of worker 4

 Private sector ....................................... 111,092 21,788 19.6 15.37 100.0 21.4 5.7 2.2 28.6  Private, for profit ................................ 100,795 19,854 19.7 15.40 100.0 20.7 5.7 2.2 28.2  Private, not for profit .......................... 10,296 1,935 18.8 15.06 100.0 28.5 5.7 2.4 33.1  Public sector ........................................ 23,586 6,792 28.8 16.12 100.0 25.7 5.4 2.3 32.6  Federal government .......................... 3,878 1,419 36.6 11.02 100.0 34.7 4.2 .3 28.8  State government .............................. 8,627 2,122 24.6 14.64 100.0 25.8 7.6 1.9 26.3  Local government .............................. 11,082 3,251 29.3 19.31 100.0 21.7 4.5 3.4 38.3 See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Wage and salary workers who took leave from their main job during an average week: percent of workers ta

taken, and main reason for taking leave, 2011 annual averages—Continued

Characteristic

Total wage

and salary

workers

(in

thousands)

Workers who took paid or unpaid leave during an average week for any rea

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent

Average

hours of

leave

taken

Percent distribution by main reason for tak

Total

Own

illness or

medical

care

Illness or

medical

care of a

family

member

Childcare or

eldercare (other

than for

illness)

Vacation

Err

pe

re

Full- and part-time status

(single jobholders only)

 Full-time workers ................................. 98,492 21,628 22.0 16.26 100.0 22.9 5.4 2.4 30.7  Part-time workers ................................ 27,743 5,477 19.7 13.72 100.0 17.8 6.5 1.3 27.2 

Earnings of full-time workers

(single jobholders only) 5

 $0 - $540 ............................................. 24,229 4,208 17.4 14.14 100.0 30.1 5.2 4.3 19.9  $541 - $830 ......................................... 23,989 5,241 21.8 15.77 100.0 26.5 6.0 2.1 27.8  $831 - $1,230 ...................................... 23,260 5,527 23.8 17.84 100.0 21.4 5.3 .9 31.9  $1,231 and higher ................................ 24,195 6,083 25.1 16.47 100.0 17.1 5.3 2.0 39.4 

 1 Estimates for the race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. 2 Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. 3 Health status was self-reported by individuals who participated in the survey. 4 Class of worker estimates do not include self-employed incorporated workers. 5 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers (exc

workers) who held only one job.

 6 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

~0 Estimate is approximately zero.NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to wage and salary workers age 15 years and over. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporatsalary workers.
Table 3. Wage and salary workers who took leave from their main job during an average week: percent of workers ta

leave and type of leave used, 2011 annual averages

Characteristic

Total wage and

salary workers

(in

thousands)

Workers who took paid or unpaid leave during an average week for any reason

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent

Percent distribution by type of leave used

Total Paid leave only Unpaid leave only Paid and u

leave

Age

Total, 15 years and over ....................... 139,058 29,653 21.3 100.0 57.1 40.0 2.9 15 to 24 years ..................................... 20,880 4,253 20.4 100.0 19.8 78.3 2.0 25 to 34 years ..................................... 30,901 6,252 20.2 100.0 57.7 38.4 3.9 35 to 44 years ..................................... 28,954 5,972 20.6 100.0 63.1 33.9 2.9 45 to 54 years ..................................... 31,566 7,674 24.3 100.0 68.9 27.2 3.9 55 to 64 years ..................................... 21,254 4,742 22.3 100.0 65.8 32.9 1.3 65 years and over ............................... 5,503 760 13.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

Sex

 Men ...................................................... 73,430 14,456 19.7 100.0 58.7 38.0 3.3 Women ................................................ 65,628 15,198 23.2 100.0 55.6 41.9 2.5

Race 1

 White ................................................... 116,125 25,228 21.7 100.0 57.7 39.5 2.8 Black or African American ................... 15,204 3,219 21.2 100.0 54.6 43.8 1.6

 Asian .................................................... 5,188 822 15.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 2

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .................. 18,511 2,564 13.9 100.0 41.6 54.7 3.7

 Nonhispanic ......................................... 120,548 27,089 22.5 100.0 58.6 38.6 2.8

Educational attainment (25 years

and over)

 Less than a high school diploma ......... 8,002 1,050 13.1 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

 High school graduates, no college ...... 33,358 7,170 21.5 100.0 57.4 40.4 2.1 Some college or associate degree ...... 30,886 6,538 21.2 100.0 61.4 33.8 4.9 Bachelor’s degree and higher .............. 45,932 10,642 23.2 100.0 72.2 25.3 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Wage and salary workers who took leave from their main job during an average week: percent of workers ta

leave and type of leave used, 2011 annual averages—Continued

Characteristic

Total wage and

salary workers

(in

thousands)

Workers who took paid or unpaid leave during an average week for any reason

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent

Percent distribution by type of leave used

Total Paid leave only Unpaid leave only Paid and u

leave

Parent of a household child

 Parent of a household child under 18

years ............................................... 47,401 10,260 21.6 100.0 63.1 33.5 3.5

 Parent of a child 13 to 17 (none

younger) ......................................... 9,711 1,865 19.2 100.0 67.8 31.5 .7

 Parent of a child under 13 ................. 37,690 8,396 22.3 100.0 62.0 33.9 4.1 Not a parent of a household child

under 18 ......................................... 91,657 19,393 21.2 100.0 53.9 43.5 2.6

Health 3

 Excellent .............................................. 38,052 8,253 21.7 100.0 57.4 38.9 3.7

 Very good ............................................ 52,725 10,855 20.6 100.0 58.9 38.1 3.0

 Good .................................................... 38,054 8,596 22.6 100.0 58.7 39.0 2.3

 Fair or poor .......................................... 10,227 1,950 19.1 100.0 38.8 59.7 1.5

Occupation

 Management, business, and financial

operations ....................................... 21,246 4,465 21.0 100.0 77.2 20.2 2.5

 Professional and related ...................... 32,140 8,110 25.2 100.0 68.3 28.8 2.8

 Services ............................................... 24,004 4,369 18.2 100.0 33.2 65.8 1.0

 Sales and related ................................. 14,042 2,480 17.7 100.0 34.6 64.1 1.2

 Office and administrative support ........ 18,929 4,633 24.5 100.0 59.6 36.9 3.6

 Farming, fishing, and forestry .............. 703 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

 Construction and extraction ................. 6,878 1,141 16.6 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) Installation, maintenance, and repair ... 4,972 1,141 23.0 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) Production ........................................... 7,688 1,527 19.9 100.0 51.2 41.3 7.5 Transportation and material moving .... 8,456 1,541 18.2 100.0 46.6 49.4 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Wage and salary workers who took leave from their main job during an average week: percent of workers ta

leave and type of leave used, 2011 annual averages—Continued

Characteristic

Total wage and

salary workers

(in

thousands)

Workers who took paid or unpaid leave during an average week for any reason

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent

Percent distribution by type of leave used

Total Paid leave only Unpaid leave only Paid and u

leave

Industry

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and

hunting ............................................ 1,251 423 33.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas

extraction ........................................ 1,014 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

 Construction ........................................ 8,684 1,517 17.5 100.0 43.1 56.2 .6 Manufacturing ...................................... 14,272 3,037 21.3 100.0 67.9 27.8 4.4 Wholesale and retail trade ................... 19,279 3,179 16.5 100.0 48.9 46.0 5.1 Transportation and utilities .................. 7,411 1,763 23.8 100.0 71.4 25.0 3.5 Information ........................................... 3,548 871 24.6 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) Financial activities ............................... 8,096 1,780 22.0 100.0 68.3 28.5 3.2 Professional and business services .... 15,433 4,246 27.5 100.0 46.4 50.0 3.5 Education and health services ............. 34,912 7,076 20.3 100.0 66.7 30.2 3.2 Leisure and hospitality ......................... 13,224 2,556 19.3 100.0 12.8 86.0 1.2 Other services ..................................... 5,066 652 12.9 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) Public administration ........................... 6,870 2,395 34.9 100.0 91.2 8.8 ~0

Class of worker 4

 Private sector ....................................... 111,092 21,788 19.6 100.0 53.5 43.3 3.2

 Private, for profit ................................ 100,795 19,854 19.7 100.0 51.3 45.2 3.5 Private, not for profit .......................... 10,296 1,935 18.8 100.0 76.5 23.5 ~0

 Public sector ........................................ 23,586 6,792 28.8 100.0 74.9 22.8 2.3

 Federal government .......................... 3,878 1,419 36.6 100.0 94.4 5.0 .6

 State government .............................. 8,627 2,122 24.6 100.0 77.5 19.8 2.7

 Local government .............................. 11,082 3,251 29.3 100.0 64.8 32.4 2.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Wage and salary workers who took leave from their main job during an average week: percent of workers ta

leave and type of leave used, 2011 annual averages—Continued

Characteristic

Total wage and

salary workers

(in

thousands)

Workers who took paid or unpaid leave during an average week for any reason

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent

Percent distribution by type of leave used

Total Paid leave only Unpaid leave only Paid and u

leave

Full- and part-time status

(single jobholders only)

 Full-time workers ................................. 98,492 21,628 22.0 100.0 67.6 29.0 3.3 Part-time workers ................................ 27,743 5,477 19.7 100.0 10.6 86.9 2.4

Earnings of full-time workers

(single jobholders only) 5

 $0 - $540 ............................................. 24,229 4,208 17.4 100.0 39.8 55.3 5.0

 $541 - $830 ......................................... 23,989 5,241 21.8 100.0 68.8 26.9 4.3

 $831 - $1,230 ...................................... 23,260 5,527 23.8 100.0 76.2 20.5 3.3

 $1,231 and higher ................................ 24,195 6,083 25.1 100.0 82.3 16.0 1.7

 1 Estimates for the race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. 2 Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. 3 Health status was self-reported by individuals who participated in the survey. 4 Class of worker estimates do not include self-employed incorporated workers. 5 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers (exc

self-employed incorporated workers) who held only one job.

 6 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

~0 Estimate is approximately zero.NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to wage and salary workers age 15 years and over. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporatclassified as wage and salary workers.
Table 4. Wage and salary workers who took leave from their main job during an average week: percent of workers

taking leave, hours of leave taken, and type of leave used by main reason for taking leave, 2011 annual averages

Main reason for taking leave

Workers who took paid or unpaid leave during an average week

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent

Average

hours of

leave taken

Percent distribution by type of leave

Total Paid leave only Unpaid leave only Paid and unpaid leave

Total .......................................................................... 29,653 21.3 15.61 100.0 57.1 40.0 2.9 Own illness or medical care .................................... 6,502 4.7 13.79 100.0 62.6 34.8 2.7 Illness or medical care of another family member .. 1,656 1.2 11.52 100.0 65.0 30.7 4.2 Childcare or eldercare (other than for illness) ........ 677 .5 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Vacation .................................................................. 8,758 6.3 21.53 100.0 68.3 28.9 2.7 Errands or personal reasons .................................. 4,890 3.5 8.79 100.0 47.1 51.3 1.6 Birth or adoption of a child ...................................... 497 .4 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) Other ....................................................................... 6,673 4.8 14.29 100.0 44.8 51.4 3.8

 1 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

NOTE: Data refer to wage and salary workers age 15 years and over. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated are classified as wageand salary workers.
Table 5. Wage and salary workers who can adjust their schedule or location 1 at their main job by selected characteris

averages

Characteristic

Wage and salary workers

(in thousands)

Percent of workers who can adjust their:

Schedule Location 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women To

Age

Total, 15 years and over ....................................... 139,058 73,430 65,628 53.1 52.5 53.8 22.1 23.3 20.7 5 15 to 24 years ..................................................... 20,880 10,535 10,346 62.6 59.8 65.6 16.0 16.6 15.3 6 25 to 34 years ..................................................... 30,901 16,712 14,189 55.3 53.1 57.9 23.8 24.0 23.6 5 35 to 44 years ..................................................... 28,954 15,939 13,015 51.8 51.2 52.5 25.0 25.0 24.9 5 45 to 54 years ..................................................... 31,566 16,297 15,268 49.0 49.0 49.1 23.5 25.7 21.2 5 55 to 64 years ..................................................... 21,254 11,264 9,990 48.9 51.9 45.6 20.4 23.0 17.6 5 65 years and over ............................................... 5,503 2,684 2,819 51.2 52.4 50.2 18.5 22.1 15.0 5

Race 2

 White ................................................................... 116,125 62,571 53,554 53.7 53.3 54.1 22.3 23.8 20.6 5 Black or African American ................................... 15,204 6,809 8,395 47.9 41.2 53.4 18.2 17.5 18.8 4 Asian .................................................................... 5,188 2,565 2,623 57.6 60.7 54.6 30.5 35.9 25.3 5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 3

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .................................. 18,511 10,938 7,573 44.1 40.8 48.9 14.9 12.3 18.6 4 Nonhispanic ......................................................... 120,548 62,492 58,055 54.5 54.6 54.4 23.2 25.2 21.0 5

Educational attainment (25 years and over)

 Less than a high school diploma ......................... 8,002 5,286 2,716 32.0 29.8 36.1 11.7 11.2 12.5 3 High school graduates, no college ...................... 33,358 19,044 14,313 44.4 40.2 50.1 13.3 11.1 16.2 4 Some college or associate degree ...................... 30,886 15,043 15,843 53.8 52.6 55.0 18.8 18.8 18.8 5 Bachelor’s degree and higher .............................. 45,932 23,522 22,410 58.3 64.3 52.0 35.3 41.9 28.4 6

Parent of a household child

 Parent of a household child under 18 years ........ 47,401 24,631 22,770 52.5 51.2 54.0 24.6 26.8 22.3 5 Parent of a child 13 to 17 (none younger) ......... 9,711 4,937 4,774 46.4 48.1 44.6 21.6 23.9 19.2 5 Parent of a child under 13 ................................. 37,690 19,695 17,996 54.1 52.0 56.5 25.4 27.5 23.1 5 Not a parent of a household child under 18 ......... 91,657 48,799 42,858 53.4 53.2 53.7 20.8 21.6 19.9 5

Health 4

 Excellent .............................................................. 38,052 19,423 18,629 56.7 59.4 53.9 25.4 28.8 21.9 5 Very good ............................................................ 52,725 28,664 24,061 56.1 55.3 57.1 24.4 25.4 23.2 5 Good .................................................................... 38,054 20,092 17,962 48.7 45.1 52.6 17.2 17.6 16.8 5 Fair or poor .......................................................... 10,227 5,252 4,975 40.8 40.0 41.6 16.0 13.7 18.4 4See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Wage and salary workers who can adjust their schedule or location 1 at their main job by selected characteris

averages—Continued

Characteristic

Wage and salary workers

(in thousands)

Percent of workers who can adjust their:

Schedule Location 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women To

Occupation

 Management, business, and financial operations 21,246 12,324 8,922 64.7 65.5 63.5 38.6 39.5 37.3 6 Professional and related ...................................... 32,140 13,599 18,540 51.3 59.9 45.1 28.4 36.7 22.3 5 Services ............................................................... 24,004 10,660 13,343 55.5 55.5 55.4 12.3 12.4 12.2 5 Sales and related ................................................. 14,042 6,857 7,185 68.5 68.2 68.7 27.2 32.5 22.2 7 Office and administrative support ........................ 18,929 5,166 13,762 55.7 59.4 54.3 17.1 18.1 16.8 5 Farming, fishing, and forestry .............................. 703 430 273 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 

( 

 Construction and extraction ................................. 6,878 6,629 249 31.1 30.9 7 ( ) 14.8 15.1 7 ( ) 3 Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 4,972 4,819 153 44.1 43.2 7 ( ) 13.0 11.9 7 ( ) 4 Production ........................................................... 7,688 5,661 2,027 35.5 34.0 39.8 8.7 7.2 12.8 4 Transportation and material moving .................... 8,456 7,285 1,171 32.7 32.9 7 ( ) 12.0 10.5 7 ( ) 3

Industry

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ............ 1,251 981 270 55.2 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 17.2 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 5 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ...... 1,014 925 90 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 

( 

 Construction ........................................................ 8,684 7,924 760 33.5 30.9 7 ( ) 20.4 18.0 7 ( ) 3 Manufacturing ...................................................... 14,272 10,735 3,537 48.1 47.6 49.7 20.9 19.3 25.5 5 Wholesale and retail trade ................................... 19,279 10,295 8,983 63.1 63.6 62.5 22.8 25.4 19.8 6 Transportation and utilities .................................. 7,411 5,633 1,778 34.3 30.5 46.1 14.1 11.3 23.2 3 Information ........................................................... 3,548 1,789 1,759 67.8 67.0 68.5 42.4 41.5 43.4 6 Financial activities ............................................... 8,096 3,321 4,775 58.4 62.9 55.4 31.4 45.1 21.9 6 Professional and business services .................... 15,433 9,814 5,619 61.2 60.9 61.9 36.8 38.8 33.2 6 Education and health services ............................. 34,912 9,458 25,453 44.6 48.2 43.2 16.6 19.5 15.5 4 Leisure and hospitality ......................................... 13,224 6,276 6,948 69.1 69.3 68.9 14.7 12.7 16.5 7 Other services ..................................................... 5,066 2,269 2,797 58.6 53.9 62.4 25.5 23.8 26.8 6 Public administration ........................................... 6,870 4,011 2,859 58.0 57.5 58.7 21.4 21.1 21.8 5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Wage and salary workers who can adjust their schedule or location 1 at their main job by selected characteris

averages—Continued

Characteristic

Wage and salary workers

(in thousands)

Percent of workers who can adjust their:

Schedule Location 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women To

Class of worker 5

 Private sector ....................................................... 111,092 59,928 51,164 54.9 52.4 57.9 22.6 22.9 22.2 5 Private, for profit ................................................ 100,795 56,456 44,339 54.4 52.0 57.3 22.0 22.3 21.7 5 Private, not for profit .......................................... 10,296 3,472 6,825 60.4 58.6 61.4 28.2 33.7 25.3 6 Public sector ........................................................ 23,586 10,474 13,112 39.6 45.4 35.0 14.9 18.3 12.1 4 Federal government .......................................... 3,878 2,404 1,473 49.5 49.0 50.4 20.6 20.9 20.3 5 State government .............................................. 8,627 3,587 5,039 45.4 53.0 40.0 20.1 29.3 13.4 4 Local government .............................................. 11,082 4,482 6,599 31.7 37.4 27.9 8.8 8.0 9.3 3

Full- and part-time status

(single jobholders only)

 Full-time workers ................................................. 98,492 56,935 41,557 50.0 50.3 49.6 22.5 23.9 20.7 5 Part-time workers ................................................ 27,743 10,021 17,722 63.0 62.3 63.4 19.2 17.5 20.2 6

Earnings of full-time workers

(single jobholders only) 6

 $0 - $540 ............................................................. 24,229 11,941 12,287 43.9 41.9 45.8 11.7 11.6 11.8 4 $541 - $830 ......................................................... 23,989 12,260 11,729 46.3 44.1 48.5 14.4 13.5 15.5 4 $831 - $1,230 ...................................................... 23,260 14,367 8,892 48.6 47.3 50.8 22.4 20.3 25.8 5 $1,231 and higher ................................................ 24,195 16,243 7,952 58.1 60.0 54.1 39.3 41.5 34.7 6

 1 Data refer to workers who can adjust their schedule or location instead of taking leave or because they need to take time off from work. 2 Estimates for the race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. 3 Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. 4 Health status was self-reported by individuals who participated in the survey. 5 Class of worker estimates do not include self-employed incorporated workers. 6 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers (exc

incorporated workers) who held only one job.

 7 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to wage and salary workers age 15 years and over. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporatand salary workers.
Table 6. Wage and salary workers who adjusted their schedule or location 1 at their main job during an average week 

selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages

Characteristic

Wage and salary workers (in thousands) Percent of workers who adjusted their schedul

location during an average week

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Age

Total, 15 years and over ................................................. 139,058 73,430 65,628 6.8 6.4 7.2 15 to 24 years ............................................................... 20,880 10,535 10,346 5.5 4.6 6.3 25 to 34 years ............................................................... 30,901 16,712 14,189 8.0 7.6 8.6 35 to 44 years ............................................................... 28,954 15,939 13,015 8.4 6.7 10.5 45 to 54 years ............................................................... 31,566 16,297 15,268 6.3 5.9 6.7 55 to 64 years ............................................................... 21,254 11,264 9,990 4.6 5.4 3.7 65 years and over ......................................................... 5,503 2,684 2,819 7.4 11.4 3.5

Race 2

 White ............................................................................. 116,125 62,571 53,554 7.0 6.4 7.6

 Black or African American ............................................. 15,204 6,809 8,395 3.9 3.0 4.6

 Asian .............................................................................. 5,188 2,565 2,623 8.8 12.2 5.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 3

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ............................................ 18,511 10,938 7,573 3.3 2.8 4.1

 Nonhispanic ................................................................... 120,548 62,492 58,055 7.3 7.0 7.6

Educational attainment (25 years and over)

 Less than a high school diploma ................................... 8,002 5,286 2,716 1.6 2.1 .7

 High school graduates, no college ................................ 33,358 19,044 14,313 3.7 3.4 4.0

 Some college or associate degree ................................ 30,886 15,043 15,843 6.9 6.7 7.1

 Bachelor’s degree and higher ........................................ 45,932 23,522 22,410 10.4 10.4 10.5

Parent of a household child

 Parent of a household child under 18 years .................. 47,401 24,631 22,770 9.1 8.9 9.4

 Parent of a child 13 to 17 (none younger) ................... 9,711 4,937 4,774 7.2 8.2 6.1

 Parent of a child under 13 ........................................... 37,690 19,695 17,996 9.6 9.1 10.3 Not a parent of a household child under 18 ................... 91,657 48,799 42,858 5.6 5.1 6.0

Health 4

 Excellent ........................................................................ 38,052 19,423 18,629 6.7 6.1 7.3

 Very good ...................................................................... 52,725 28,664 24,061 7.8 7.8 7.9

 Good .............................................................................. 38,054 20,092 17,962 5.9 5.1 6.7

 Fair or poor .................................................................... 10,227 5,252 4,975 5.2 5.0 5.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Wage and salary workers who adjusted their schedule or location 1 at their main job during an average week 

selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages—Continued

Characteristic

Wage and salary workers (in thousands) Percent of workers who adjusted their schedul

location during an average week

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Occupation

 Management, business, and financial operations ......... 21,246 12,324 8,922 12.0 11.4 12.9 Professional and related ................................................ 32,140 13,599 18,540 9.9 11.1 9.0 Services ......................................................................... 24,004 10,660 13,343 4.4 4.4 4.4 Sales and related ........................................................... 14,042 6,857 7,185 5.3 5.6 5.0 Office and administrative support .................................. 18,929 5,166 13,762 6.2 5.3 6.6 Farming, fishing, and forestry ........................................ 703 430 273 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( )

 Construction and extraction ........................................... 6,878 6,629 249 2.4 2.5 7 ( ) Installation, maintenance, and repair ............................. 4,972 4,819 153 4.7 4.8 7 ( ) Production ..................................................................... 7,688 5,661 2,027 2.8 2.9 2.5 Transportation and material moving .............................. 8,456 7,285 1,171 1.1 1.3 7 ( )

Industry

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ...................... 1,251 981 270 2.8 7 ( ) 7 ( )

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ................ 1,014 925 90 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 ( ) Construction .................................................................. 8,684 7,924 760 3.4 2.9 7 ( ) Manufacturing ................................................................ 14,272 10,735 3,537 7.4 6.2 11.2 Wholesale and retail trade ............................................. 19,279 10,295 8,983 4.2 4.0 4.5 Transportation and utilities ............................................ 7,411 5,633 1,778 2.8 1.8 5.9 Information ..................................................................... 3,548 1,789 1,759 12.8 9.5 16.2 Financial activities ......................................................... 8,096 3,321 4,775 10.3 9.5 10.9 Professional and business services .............................. 15,433 9,814 5,619 12.6 12.3 13.2 Education and health services ....................................... 34,912 9,458 25,453 6.1 8.0 5.4 Leisure and hospitality ................................................... 13,224 6,276 6,948 5.7 4.9 6.3 Other services ............................................................... 5,066 2,269 2,797 8.4 8.7 8.2 Public administration ..................................................... 6,870 4,011 2,859 6.6 6.9 6.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Wage and salary workers who adjusted their schedule or location 1 at their main job during an average week 

selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages—Continued

Characteristic

Wage and salary workers (in thousands) Percent of workers who adjusted their schedul

location during an average week

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Class of worker 5

 Private sector ................................................................. 111,092 59,928 51,164 6.9 6.2 7.7

 Private, for profit .......................................................... 100,795 56,456 44,339 6.9 6.0 8.0

 Private, not for profit .................................................... 10,296 3,472 6,825 7.6 10.4 6.1

 Public sector .................................................................. 23,586 10,474 13,112 5.1 4.8 5.2

 Federal government .................................................... 3,878 2,404 1,473 5.3 4.6 6.4

 State government ........................................................ 8,627 3,587 5,039 7.0 7.7 6.4

 Local government ........................................................ 11,082 4,482 6,599 3.5 2.7 4.1

Full- and part-time status

(single jobholders only)

 Full-time workers ........................................................... 98,492 56,935 41,557 6.8 6.3 7.4

 Part-time workers .......................................................... 27,743 10,021 17,722 6.4 5.7 6.8

Earnings of full-time workers

(single jobholders only) 6

 $0 - $540 ....................................................................... 24,229 11,941 12,287 3.9 3.3 4.6

 $541 - $830 ................................................................... 23,989 12,260 11,729 4.4 4.8 3.9

 $831 - $1,230 ................................................................ 23,260 14,367 8,892 7.4 4.4 12.3

 $1,231 and higher .......................................................... 24,195 16,243 7,952 10.8 10.6 11.2

 1 Data refer to workers who can adjust their schedule or location instead of taking leave or because they need to take time off from work. 2 Estimates for the race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. 3 Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. 4 Health status was self-reported by individuals who participated in the survey. 5 Class of worker estimates do not include self-employed incorporated workers. 6 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers (exc

self-employed incorporated workers) who held only one job.

 7 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to wage and salary workers age 15 years and over. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporatare classified as wage and salary workers.
Table 7. Wage and salary workers who adjusted their schedule or location 1 at their main job: reasons for not taking 

selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages

Characteristic

Workers who adjusted their schedule or location during an average week

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent distribution by reasons for not taking leave 2

Too much

work

Wanted to

save leave

Did not have

enough leave

Could not

afford loss in

income

Feared

negative

employment

consequences or

leave denied

Did not have

access to

paid or

unpaid leave

Total .......................................................................... 9,426 16.6 26.3 2.7 12.9 0.7 9.5 

 Men .......................................................................... 4,699 17.2 20.3 2.3 12.1 1.3 7.5 

 Women .................................................................... 4,727 15.9 32.4 3.1 13.6 .1 11.5 

Race 3

 White ....................................................................... 8,074 15.2 26.2 3.0 14.4 .8 8.7 

 Black or African American ....................................... 596 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 

 Asian ........................................................................ 458 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 4

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...................................... 616 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 

 Nonhispanic ............................................................. 8,810 17.6 27.1 2.0 12.5 .8 9.0 

Educational attainment (25 years and over)

 High school graduate or less 5 ................................. 1,363 10.1 32.0 5.0 18.5 2.9 8.5 

 Some college or associate degree .......................... 2,125 18.5 22.0 .4 16.5 1.3 8.5 

 Bachelor’s degree and higher .................................. 4,797 19.9 27.5 3.3 5.0 ~0 9.0 

Parent of a household child

 Parent of a household child under 18 years ............ 4,332 17.8 24.6 3.2 12.1 .5 8.5 

 Parent of a child 13 to 17 (none younger) ............. 697 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 

 Parent of a child under 13 ..................................... 3,635 18.5 25.6 1.6 13.8 .2 7.9  Not a parent of a household child under 18 ............. 5,095 15.5 27.8 2.4 13.5 .9 10.3 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Wage and salary workers who adjusted their schedule or location 1 at their main job: reasons for not taking 

selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages—Continued

Characteristic

Workers who adjusted their schedule or location during an average week

Number

(in

thousands)

Percent distribution by reasons for not taking leave 2

Too much

work

Wanted to

save leave

Did not have

enough leave

Could not

afford loss in

income

Feared

negative

employment

consequences or

leave denied

Did not have

access to

paid or

unpaid leave

Health 6

 Excellent .................................................................. 2,541 13.6 35.0 1.4 4.8 ~0 9.2 

 Very good ................................................................ 4,128 17.4 25.4 1.1 19.8 0.8 6.5 

 Good ........................................................................ 2,230 20.2 19.1 4.4 7.0 1.5 16.6 

 Fair or poor .............................................................. 528 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 8 ( ) 

Full- and part-time status

(single jobholders only)

 Full-time workers ..................................................... 6,658 19.4 30.3 2.4 9.9 1.0 4.8  Part-time workers .................................................... 1,773 8.5 11.6 5.4 20.0 ~0 24.7 

Earnings of full-time workers

(single jobholders only) 7

 $0 - $830 ................................................................. 2,001 7.0 26.6 5.8 19.6 3.4 3.2 

 $831 and higher ....................................................... 4,332 25.0 33.8 1.1 5.8 ~0 4.4 

 1 Data refer to workers who can adjust their schedule or location instead of taking leave or because they need to take time off from work. 2 Estimates for reasons may sum to more than 100 percent because some people had multiple reasons for not taking leave. 3 Estimates for the race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. 4 Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. 5 The categories for persons with a high school diploma only and those with less than a high school diploma are combined because there were insufficien

produce estimates for each category.

 6 Health status was self-reported by individuals who participated in the survey. 7 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 50 percent of full-time wage and salary workers (exc

self-employed incorporated workers) who held only one job.

 8 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

~0 Estimate is approximately zero.NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to wage and salary workers age 15 years and over. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporatas wage and salary workers.