For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, November 7, 2017 USDL-17-1480

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2017

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.1 million on the last business day of September, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little 

changed at 5.3 million and 5.2 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs 

and discharges rate were little changed at 2.2 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of September, there were 6.1 million job openings, little changed from August. 

Job openings have been at or near record high levels since June. The job openings rate was 4.0 percent

in September. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for government. Job 

openings increased in professional and business services (+156,000), other services (+52,000), state and 

local government education (+36,000), and federal government (+15,000). Job openings decreased in 

accommodation and food services (-111,000) and information (-28,000). The number of job openings 

was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, September 2014 - September 2017

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, September 2014 - September 2017

Hurricane Irma

Hurricane Irma made landfall in Florida during September, the reference month for the preliminary estimates 

in this release. All possible efforts were made to contact and collect data from survey respondents in the 

hurricane-affected areas. A review of the data indicated that Hurricane Irma had no discernible effect on the 

JOLTS estimates for September. For more information, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts-harvey-irma.htm.
- 2 -

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.3 million in September. The hires rate was 3.6 percent. The 

number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. The number of hires was little 

changed in all industries and regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.2 million in September. The total separations 

rate was 3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for 

government. Total separations decreased in other services (-73,000) and wholesale trade (-37,000). The 

number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.2 million in September. The quits rate was 2.2 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits rose in professional and 

business services (+82,000) and state and local government, excluding education (+10,000). Quits fell in 

other services (-45,000) and real estate and rental and leasing (-16,000). In the regions, the number of 

quits increased in the Midwest. (See table 4.)

There were 1.7 million layoffs and discharges in September, little changed from August. The layoffs 

and discharges rate was 1.2 percent in September. The number of layoffs and discharges was little 

changed for total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level decreased in wholesale 

trade (-30,000) and mining and logging (-7,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations edged down in September to 355,000. Other separations edged down 

for total private and was little changed for government. Other separations increased in state and local 

government education (+6,000). Other separations decreased in other services (-18,000), 

accommodation and food services (-13,000), and educational services (-5,000). The number of other 

separations decreased in the South region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in September, hires totaled 63.9 million 

and separations totaled 62.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.8 million. These totals 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for October 2017 are scheduled to be 

released on Monday, December 11, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,666 6,090 6,093 5,179 5,420 5,273 4,942 5,273 5,240

Total private....................................... 5,133 5,584 5,563 4,811 5,079 4,922 4,599 4,932 4,898

Mining and logging1............................ 18 25 24 29 36 30 26 27 23

Construction1................................... 237 230 196 317 370 377 293 337 363

Manufacturing.................................. 326 435 425 277 359 333 278 301 323

Durable goods1.............................. 197 248 255 162 211 194 165 172 185

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 129 187 170 114 148 139 113 128 137

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,005 1,116 1,084 1,099 1,029 1,027 1,038 1,020 980

Wholesale trade1............................ 169 207 222 139 149 140 113 157 120

Retail trade................................... 633 643 616 758 684 688 722 676 673

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 202 266 246 202 196 199 203 187 187

Information1

..................................... 87 122 94 79 79 73 82 83 88

Financial activities.............................. 339 341 339 177 213 194 166 212 189

Finance and insurance..................... 260 267 280 117 135 127 110 131 128

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 79 74 59 60 78 66 55 81 60

Professional and business services......... 1,125 1,037 1,193 1,112 1,123 1,119 1,035 1,059 1,117

Education and health services............... 1,086 1,191 1,172 616 662 651 558 633 619

Educational services1

....................... 108 104 98 90 98 89 65 77 77

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 978 1,087 1,074 526 564 562 493 556 542

Leisure and hospitality........................ 724 859 757 921 989 947 935 998 1,007

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 75 80 90 118 160 140 149 164 154

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 650 778 667 802 830 807 786 834 853

Other services1................................. 185 228 280 185 219 171 187 263 190

Government....................................... 533 506 530 368 340 351 343 341 342

Federal1

......................................... 102 66 81 41 36 36 38 37 38

State and local................................. 432 440 449 327 305 315 306 304 305

State and local education.................. 144 146 182 162 144 142 142 141 136

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 288 294 267 165 160 173 163 162 169

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.6

Total private....................................... 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging1

............................ 2.6 3.4 3.3 4.4 5.0 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.1

Construction1

................................... 3.4 3.2 2.8 4.7 5.4 5.5 4.4 4.9 5.3

Manufacturing.................................. 2.6 3.4 3.3 2.2 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.6

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.5 3.1 3.2 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.4

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.7 3.8 3.5 2.5 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.7 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.5 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.8 3.4 3.6 2.4 2.5 2.4 1.9 2.7 2.0

Retail trade................................... 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.5 4.5 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.3

Information1

..................................... 3.0 4.3 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.2

Financial activities.............................. 3.9 3.9 3.8 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.2

Finance and insurance..................... 4.1 4.1 4.3 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.5 3.3 2.6 2.8 3.5 3.0 2.6 3.7 2.7

Professional and business services......... 5.3 4.7 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.4

Education and health services............... 4.6 4.9 4.8 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.9 5.3 5.2 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.4 5.1 4.6 5.9 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.2 3.4 3.8 5.3 7.0 6.2 6.7 7.2 6.8

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.6 5.4 4.7 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.3

Other services1

................................. 3.1 3.8 4.6 3.2 3.8 3.0 3.3 4.6 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Government....................................... 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 3.5 2.3 2.8 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local................................. 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.1 3.1 2.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,666 5,702 6,116 6,140 6,090 6,093 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,133 5,171 5,545 5,625 5,584 5,563 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 18 15 22 24 25 24 2.6 2.1 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3

Construction3............................... 237 163 212 237 230 196 3.4 2.3 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.8

Manufacturing.............................. 326 350 419 414 435 425 2.6 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3

Durable goods3

.......................... 197 201 232 207 248 255 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.6 3.1 3.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 129 149 187 207 187 170 2.7 3.1 3.9 4.2 3.8 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,005 999 1,027 1,074 1,116 1,084 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8

Wholesale trade3

........................ 169 185 229 230 207 222 2.8 3.0 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.6

Retail trade............................... 633 666 615 618 643 616 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 202 149 183 226 266 246 3.5 2.6 3.1 3.9 4.5 4.2

Information3................................. 87 88 102 93 122 94 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.3 4.3 3.3

Financial activities......................... 339 349 353 362 341 339 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8

Finance and insurance................. 260 266 285 279 267 280 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 79 83 68 83 74 59 3.5 3.7 3.0 3.6 3.3 2.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,125 1,029 1,171 1,088 1,037 1,193 5.3 4.7 5.4 5.0 4.7 5.4

Education and health services........... 1,086 1,109 1,203 1,164 1,191 1,172 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.8

Educational services3

................... 108 99 92 144 104 98 2.9 2.7 2.5 3.8 2.8 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 978 1,010 1,111 1,020 1,087 1,074 4.9 4.9 5.4 5.0 5.3 5.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 724 798 819 839 859 757 4.4 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 75 58 90 84 80 90 3.2 2.5 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 650 740 729 755 778 667 4.6 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.4 4.7

Other services3

............................. 185 270 218 330 228 280 3.1 4.5 3.7 5.4 3.8 4.6

Government................................... 533 531 571 515 506 530 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3

Federal3

..................................... 102 118 101 83 66 81 3.5 4.0 3.5 2.9 2.3 2.8

State and local............................. 432 414 471 432 440 449 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2

State and local education.............. 144 145 154 155 146 182 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.7

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 288 269 317 277 294 267 3.1 2.9 3.4 2.9 3.1 2.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,018 1,057 1,059 1,119 1,102 1,082 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8

South........................................... 2,071 2,062 2,234 2,243 2,125 2,158 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,248 1,296 1,467 1,378 1,520 1,538 3.7 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.5

West............................................ 1,330 1,288 1,356 1,400 1,343 1,315 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,179 5,459 5,432 5,521 5,420 5,273 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,811 5,126 5,102 5,175 5,079 4,922 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 29 38 33 35 36 30 4.4 5.4 4.6 5.0 5.0 4.2

Construction................................ 317 368 345 354 370 377 4.7 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.5

Manufacturing.............................. 277 329 324 353 359 333 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.7

Durable goods........................... 162 183 190 205 211 194 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 114 146 134 148 148 139 2.5 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,099 1,055 1,057 1,023 1,029 1,027 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 139 126 134 145 149 140 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4

Retail trade............................... 758 731 726 687 684 688 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 202 198 196 192 196 199 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5

Information.................................. 79 73 68 77 79 73 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.7

Financial activities......................... 177 220 205 206 213 194 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 117 145 132 137 135 127 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 60 75 74 69 78 66 2.8 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,112 1,168 1,191 1,200 1,123 1,119 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.4

Education and health services........... 616 670 644 669 662 651 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8

Educational services.................... 90 101 76 88 98 89 2.5 2.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 526 569 567 581 564 562 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 921 955 1,018 1,021 989 947 5.9 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 118 144 167 171 160 140 5.3 6.4 7.4 7.5 7.0 6.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 802 811 851 850 830 807 6.0 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.0 5.9

Other services.............................. 185 250 218 235 219 171 3.2 4.3 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.0

Government................................... 368 332 330 346 340 351 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 41 29 28 38 36 36 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 327 303 302 308 305 315 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 162 146 141 149 144 142 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 165 157 160 159 160 173 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 841 1,017 902 894 801 802 3.1 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.0

South........................................... 2,021 2,109 2,118 2,105 2,167 2,099 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,145 1,167 1,256 1,305 1,207 1,214 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7

West............................................ 1,171 1,165 1,157 1,216 1,245 1,158 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total............................................... 4,942 5,245 5,309 5,362 5,273 5,240 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,599 4,914 4,997 5,012 4,932 4,898 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging......................... 26 31 25 29 27 23 4.0 4.3 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.1

Construction................................ 293 341 340 367 337 363 4.4 5.0 4.9 5.3 4.9 5.3

Manufacturing.............................. 278 325 315 320 301 323 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.6

Durable goods........................... 165 171 182 181 172 185 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4

Nondurable goods....................... 113 153 133 139 128 137 2.4 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,038 1,051 1,063 1,015 1,020 980 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6

Wholesale trade......................... 113 116 131 150 157 120 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.0

Retail trade............................... 722 747 737 682 676 673 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 203 187 196 184 187 187 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3

Information.................................. 82 79 67 87 83 88 3.0 2.9 2.4 3.2 3.0 3.2

Financial activities......................... 166 213 200 200 212 189 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.2

Finance and insurance................. 110 132 130 125 131 128 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 55 81 70 75 81 60 2.6 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.7 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,035 1,116 1,182 1,127 1,059 1,117 5.1 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.1 5.4

Education and health services........... 558 625 619 616 633 619 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7

Educational services.................... 65 92 93 79 77 77 1.8 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 493 532 526 537 556 542 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 935 942 980 991 998 1,007 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 149 137 170 188 164 154 6.7 6.1 7.5 8.3 7.2 6.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 786 804 809 803 834 853 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.3

Other services.............................. 187 192 206 260 263 190 3.3 3.3 3.6 4.5 4.6 3.3

Government................................... 343 331 312 351 341 342 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 38 26 31 41 37 38 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 306 305 282 310 304 305 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 142 139 131 156 141 136 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 163 166 150 154 162 169 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 788 839 865 886 872 868 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2

South........................................... 1,912 2,190 2,164 2,173 2,007 1,992 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,067 1,096 1,143 1,195 1,180 1,201 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.7

West............................................ 1,175 1,119 1,138 1,108 1,213 1,179 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total............................................... 3,076 3,206 3,130 3,194 3,093 3,182 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,902 3,035 2,966 3,023 2,929 3,015 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

Mining and logging......................... 14 14 15 18 11 15 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.5 1.5 2.0

Construction................................ 122 142 135 141 140 154 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2

Manufacturing.............................. 150 202 197 191 185 194 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

Durable goods........................... 84 104 108 109 98 112 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 66 98 90 82 86 82 1.4 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 661 675 641 662 639 621 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3

Wholesale trade......................... 68 72 74 91 85 83 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4

Retail trade............................... 470 498 462 456 456 439 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 123 104 105 115 98 99 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.7

Information.................................. 49 31 37 58 46 51 1.8 1.2 1.4 2.1 1.7 1.9

Financial activities......................... 87 131 105 116 118 112 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3

Finance and insurance................. 60 80 61 75 73 84 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 27 52 44 41 45 29 1.3 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 631 616 634 615 590 672 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8 3.2

Education and health services........... 402 421 422 391 395 411 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8

Educational services.................... 42 45 49 42 47 45 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 360 376 373 349 349 366 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 680 690 648 666 639 663 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 75 67 63 66 60 50 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 605 623 585 601 579 613 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.5

Other services3

............................. 106 112 132 165 166 121 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.1

Government................................... 174 172 164 171 164 167 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Federal...................................... 14 11 14 14 15 15 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 160 160 151 157 149 152 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 76 78 76 81 75 69 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 84 83 75 75 73 83 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 422 472 458 445 447 441 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,234 1,311 1,281 1,372 1,205 1,250 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.3

Midwest........................................ 675 691 661 700 688 779 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.4

West............................................ 746 733 730 677 752 712 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total............................................... 1,516 1,673 1,806 1,789 1,781 1,703 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,407 1,577 1,713 1,667 1,667 1,597 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 8 13 7 8 13 6 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.2 1.9 0.9

Construction................................ 153 187 194 215 187 199 2.3 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.9

Manufacturing.............................. 101 103 95 109 96 104 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 61 59 61 60 63 59 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 40 44 34 50 33 45 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 292 283 317 275 320 282 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 32 36 32 48 64 34 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.6

Retail trade............................... 201 184 208 171 178 177 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 59 63 77 56 78 71 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.3

Information.................................. 22 33 25 22 30 30 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.1

Financial activities......................... 54 51 63 62 60 50 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 30 25 42 31 28 23 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 24 26 22 31 31 27 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 353 440 488 436 395 388 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.9

Education and health services........... 118 168 153 170 179 163 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7

Educational services.................... 17 40 34 29 23 29 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 101 129 119 141 156 133 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 231 222 309 289 314 311 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 70 67 106 119 99 99 3.2 3.0 4.7 5.2 4.4 4.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 160 155 203 170 215 211 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.6

Other services.............................. 75 76 62 81 74 64 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1

Government................................... 109 97 93 122 114 105 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

Federal...................................... 12 9 8 17 13 11 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 97 88 85 105 101 94 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local education.............. 44 37 33 51 41 36 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 53 51 52 54 60 58 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 299 303 345 360 360 360 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

South........................................... 541 751 730 676 654 633 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2

Midwest........................................ 329 321 408 421 409 338 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0

West............................................ 347 298 322 333 358 371 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total............................................... 351 365 373 379 398 355 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 291 303 318 321 335 286 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 5 3 3 2 2 1 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2

Construction3

............................... 18 13 12 11 10 9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 27 19 23 20 20 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 20 8 13 12 11 14 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 7 11 10 8 9 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 85 93 105 78 60 78 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 13 8 25 10 8 3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Retail trade............................... 51 65 67 55 41 57 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 21 20 14 13 11 17 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information3................................. 11 15 5 7 7 7 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Financial activities......................... 25 30 32 23 35 26 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 21 27 27 19 30 21 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 4 3 4 3 5 5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 50 60 60 75 74 56 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

Education and health services........... 38 36 44 55 59 45 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services3................... 6 8 10 9 8 3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 32 28 34 47 51 42 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 24 29 22 36 45 33 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 3 3 2 4 4 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 21 26 21 33 41 28 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services3............................. 6 4 12 13 23 5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1

Government................................... 60 63 55 58 63 70 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 6 8 9 10 11 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

State and local............................. 48 57 46 49 53 59 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 22 24 23 24 24 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 26 33 23 24 29 28 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 68 65 61 81 66 67 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 138 128 154 126 148 108 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 63 84 73 74 83 84 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

West............................................ 82 88 85 98 102 96 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,676 6,205 6,114 3.8 4.1 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,150 5,673 5,594 4.0 4.3 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 18 25 24 2.6 3.4 3.2

Construction....................................................... 237 230 196 3.3 3.1 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 326 435 425 2.6 3.4 3.3

Durable goods.................................................. 197 248 255 2.5 3.1 3.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 129 187 170 2.7 3.8 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,103 1,184 1,183 3.9 4.2 4.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 169 207 222 2.8 3.4 3.6

Retail trade..................................................... 731 711 715 4.4 4.3 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 202 266 246 3.5 4.5 4.2

Information........................................................ 87 122 94 3.0 4.3 3.4

Financial activities................................................ 344 328 345 4.0 3.7 3.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 265 253 287 4.1 3.9 4.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 79 74 59 3.5 3.2 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,098 1,005 1,192 5.1 4.6 5.4

Education and health services.................................. 1,062 1,186 1,150 4.5 4.9 4.7

Educational services.......................................... 108 104 98 3.0 3.0 2.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 954 1,082 1,052 4.8 5.3 5.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 691 929 705 4.2 5.3 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 60 87 75 2.5 3.3 3.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 631 842 631 4.4 5.6 4.4

Other services.................................................... 185 228 280 3.1 3.8 4.6

Government.......................................................... 526 532 521 2.3 2.4 2.3

Federal............................................................. 102 66 81 3.5 2.3 2.8

State and local.................................................... 424 466 440 2.1 2.5 2.2

State and local education..................................... 136 172 173 1.3 1.9 1.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 288 294 267 3.1 3.1 2.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,034 1,166 1,095 3.7 4.1 3.9

South................................................................. 2,065 2,089 2,140 3.8 3.8 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,267 1,563 1,581 3.8 4.6 4.6

West.................................................................. 1,310 1,387 1,299 3.8 4.0 3.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,341 6,041 5,368 3.7 4.1 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,871 5,444 4,928 4.0 4.3 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 30 37 29 4.4 5.1 4.0

Construction....................................................... 287 367 343 4.1 5.1 4.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 289 397 347 2.3 3.2 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 165 231 199 2.1 3.0 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 125 166 148 2.7 3.5 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,117 1,055 1,045 4.1 3.9 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 142 155 144 2.4 2.6 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 754 708 682 4.8 4.5 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 221 192 219 4.0 3.4 3.9

Information........................................................ 75 81 69 2.7 3.0 2.6

Financial activities................................................ 169 219 182 2.0 2.6 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 111 137 119 1.8 2.2 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 58 82 62 2.7 3.7 2.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,067 1,150 1,073 5.2 5.5 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 722 858 748 3.2 3.8 3.2

Educational services.......................................... 167 197 158 4.7 5.9 4.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 555 662 590 2.9 3.4 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 925 1,072 922 5.8 6.4 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 112 131 127 4.9 5.1 5.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 813 941 795 6.0 6.7 5.8

Other services.................................................... 190 206 170 3.3 3.6 3.0

Government.......................................................... 470 597 440 2.1 2.8 2.0

Federal............................................................. 37 35 34 1.3 1.2 1.2

State and local.................................................... 432 562 406 2.2 3.1 2.1

State and local education..................................... 289 405 251 2.8 4.5 2.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 144 157 155 1.6 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 944 830 887 3.5 3.1 3.3

South................................................................. 2,018 2,520 2,079 3.8 4.7 3.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,150 1,332 1,217 3.6 4.1 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,229 1,360 1,185 3.7 4.1 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,246 6,279 5,611 3.6 4.3 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,852 5,775 5,205 3.9 4.6 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 29 30 25 4.3 4.1 3.5

Construction....................................................... 292 374 364 4.2 5.2 5.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 301 379 352 2.4 3.0 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 173 214 200 2.2 2.7 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 128 164 152 2.7 3.5 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,032 1,149 967 3.8 4.2 3.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 121 171 130 2.1 2.9 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 717 781 665 4.6 4.9 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 193 197 172 3.5 3.5 3.0

Information........................................................ 80 93 88 2.9 3.4 3.3

Financial activities................................................ 159 256 183 1.9 3.0 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 106 170 125 1.7 2.7 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 53 86 58 2.5 3.8 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,005 1,149 1,087 4.9 5.5 5.2

Education and health services.................................. 583 769 649 2.6 3.4 2.8

Educational services.......................................... 70 118 78 2.0 3.5 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 513 651 571 2.7 3.3 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,156 1,279 1,280 7.3 7.7 8.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 249 246 284 10.8 9.6 12.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 907 1,033 996 6.7 7.3 7.3

Other services.................................................... 214 297 209 3.8 5.1 3.6

Government.......................................................... 394 504 406 1.8 2.4 1.8

Federal............................................................. 40 42 40 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local.................................................... 353 462 365 1.8 2.5 1.9

State and local education..................................... 119 207 113 1.2 2.3 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 234 255 253 2.6 2.7 2.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 947 1,099 1,048 3.5 4.1 3.9

South................................................................. 1,951 2,382 2,032 3.7 4.5 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,123 1,427 1,270 3.5 4.4 3.9

West.................................................................. 1,225 1,371 1,262 3.7 4.1 3.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 3,259 3,859 3,396 2.2 2.6 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,077 3,607 3,220 2.5 2.9 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 16 15 18 2.4 2.0 2.4

Construction....................................................... 126 185 163 1.8 2.6 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 163 249 210 1.3 2.0 1.7

Durable goods.................................................. 91 128 124 1.2 1.6 1.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 72 122 86 1.5 2.6 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 706 783 658 2.6 2.9 2.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 73 99 92 1.2 1.7 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 504 570 465 3.2 3.6 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 128 114 101 2.3 2.0 1.8

Information........................................................ 49 59 54 1.8 2.1 2.0

Financial activities................................................ 86 142 113 1.0 1.7 1.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 59 97 85 1.0 1.5 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 27 45 29 1.3 2.0 1.3

Professional and business services............................ 614 689 677 3.0 3.3 3.2

Education and health services.................................. 421 484 433 1.9 2.1 1.9

Educational services.......................................... 49 78 51 1.4 2.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 372 407 382 1.9 2.1 2.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 790 835 772 5.0 5.0 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 105 111 68 4.6 4.3 2.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 685 724 704 5.0 5.1 5.1

Other services.................................................... 106 166 121 1.9 2.9 2.1

Government.......................................................... 181 252 176 0.8 1.2 0.8

Federal............................................................. 15 20 16 0.5 0.7 0.6

State and local.................................................... 166 232 160 0.9 1.3 0.8

State and local education..................................... 70 126 63 0.7 1.4 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 96 106 97 1.1 1.1 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 493 595 517 1.8 2.2 1.9

South................................................................. 1,274 1,486 1,292 2.4 2.8 2.4

Midwest............................................................... 717 883 840 2.2 2.7 2.6

West.................................................................. 775 895 747 2.3 2.7 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 1,648 2,001 1,874 1.1 1.4 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,490 1,817 1,711 1.2 1.4 1.4

Mining and logging............................................... 8 13 6 1.2 1.8 0.9

Construction....................................................... 147 179 192 2.1 2.5 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 114 110 118 0.9 0.9 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 65 76 63 0.8 1.0 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 48 34 55 1.0 0.7 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 240 298 232 0.9 1.1 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 32 64 34 0.5 1.1 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 164 163 145 1.0 1.0 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 43 71 53 0.8 1.3 0.9

Information........................................................ 20 27 27 0.7 1.0 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 48 73 44 0.6 0.9 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 27 38 19 0.4 0.6 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 22 36 25 1.0 1.6 1.1

Professional and business services............................ 344 382 360 1.7 1.8 1.7

Education and health services.................................. 124 225 172 0.5 1.0 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 15 32 24 0.4 1.0 0.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 109 193 147 0.6 1.0 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 342 399 475 2.2 2.4 3.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 141 131 211 6.2 5.1 9.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 201 269 264 1.5 1.9 1.9

Other services.................................................... 103 108 84 1.8 1.9 1.5

Government.......................................................... 158 184 164 0.7 0.9 0.7

Federal............................................................. 13 13 12 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 145 171 152 0.7 0.9 0.8

State and local education..................................... 32 53 26 0.3 0.6 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 113 118 126 1.2 1.3 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 378 439 455 1.4 1.6 1.7

South................................................................. 551 737 647 1.0 1.4 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 348 452 355 1.1 1.4 1.1

West.................................................................. 370 372 419 1.1 1.1 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 339 419 341 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 285 351 275 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 5 2 1 0.8 0.3 0.2

Construction....................................................... 18 10 9 0.3 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 24 20 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 17 11 12 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 7 9 11 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 86 68 77 0.3 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 16 8 4 0.3 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 50 48 56 0.3 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 21 11 17 0.4 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 11 7 7 0.4 0.3 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 25 41 25 0.3 0.5 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 21 36 20 0.3 0.6 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 4 5 5 0.2 0.2 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 47 78 50 0.2 0.4 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 38 59 45 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 6 8 3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 32 51 42 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 24 45 33 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 4 5 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 21 41 28 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services.................................................... 6 23 5 0.1 0.4 0.1

Government.......................................................... 55 68 66 0.2 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 12 9 12 0.4 0.3 0.4

State and local.................................................... 43 59 54 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education..................................... 17 28 24 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 26 31 29 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 75 65 74 0.3 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 126 159 94 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 59 92 77 0.2 0.3 0.2

West.................................................................. 80 104 96 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.