Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-12-0401 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, March 7, 2012 

Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • dprweb@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

 

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS

Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages 2011, Revised

Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 0.9 percent annual rate during the fourth quarter of 

2011, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The gain in productivity reflects increases of 3.7 percent 

in output and 2.7 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted 

annual rates.) From the fourth quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter of 2011, productivity grew 0.3 percent, as 

output rose 2.3 percent and hours rose 1.9 percent. (See chart 1 and table A.) Annual average productivity 

increased 0.4 percent from 2010 to 2011. (See table C.) 

Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of hours 

worked of all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. The measures released today 

were based on more recent source data than were available for the preliminary report. 

Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses increased 2.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2011, as productivity grew 

at a slower rate (+0.9 percent) than hourly compensation (+3.7 percent). Unit labor costs rose 3.1 percent over the 

last four quarters. (See chart 2 and table A.) Annual average unit labor costs increased 2.0 percent from 2010 to 

2011. (See table C.) 

BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity; increases in hourly 

compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them. 

Data in this release reflect the annual benchmark revision of BLS Current Employment Statistics program data on 

nonfarm employee hours, and revised seasonal adjustment of those data. More detail can be found in tables 1 

through 6 and appendix tables 1 through 6. See Revised measures on page 2.

Chart 1. Output per hour, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2006Q1 – 2011Q4

-7.0

-5.0

-3.0

-1.0

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

9.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

-7.0

-5.0

-3.0

-1.0

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

9.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

Percent change Percent change

Chart 2. Unit labor costs, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2006Q1 – 2011Q4
-2- 

Manufacturing sector productivity edged down 0.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2011, as output rose 4.8 

percent and hours worked increased 4.9 percent; this is the largest quarterly gain in hours worked since the second 

quarter of 1996 (6.2 percent). Over the last four quarters, manufacturing productivity increased 1.7 percent. 

Annual average productivity grew 2.6 percent from 2010 to 2011. Unit labor costs in manufacturing increased 

2.0 percent in the fourth quarter of 2011 but were unchanged from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A, C 

and 3.) 

The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the manufacturing output series differ from those used in 

preparing the business and nonfarm business output series, and these measures are not directly comparable. See 

Technical Notes for further information on data sources (page 5). 

Revised measures

Quarterly and annual measures of hours and related series–including productivity–for all sectors were revised 

back to 2007 to incorporate the annual benchmark adjustment and updated information on seasonal trends from 

the BLS nonfarm payroll series. Third quarter, fourth quarter, and annual average data for 2011 were also revised 

for regular updates of source data on output and compensation. Revised and previous measures for the third and 

fourth quarters of 2011 are shown in table B for the business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors. 

Revised annual average measures for 2007 to 2011 are shown in table C for the nonfarm business and 

manufacturing sectors. Revised third quarter measures for the nonfinancial corporate sector are shown in table D. 

Quarterly and annual data for all sectors appear in tables 1-6 for 2009 through 2011, and in appendix tables 1-6 

for 2007 and 2008. Full historical annual and quarterly measures can be found on the labor productivity and costs 

home page at http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data. 

In the fourth quarter of 2011, nonfarm business productivity growth was 0.9 percent, reflecting an upward 

revision to output combined with a downward revision to hours worked. Unit labor costs rose 2.8 percent, due to 

an upward revision to hourly compensation. Manufacturing productivity decreased less than the preliminary 

estimate, edging down 0.1 percent during the quarter. (See table B.) 

In the third quarter of 2011, nonfarm business productivity growth was little changed, at 1.8 percent. However, 

unit labor costs increased 3.9 percent rather than falling 2.1 percent as reported February 2, due to a 6.0 

percentage point upward revision to hourly compensation and the slight downward revision to productivity. In 

the manufacturing sector, productivity grew slightly less than previously reported. Unit labor costs fell less than 

previously reported due primarily to a large upward revision to hourly compensation. (See table D). 

Annual Average productivity growth for 2011 in both the nonfarm business and manufacturing sectors was 

slightly less than previously reported, due to upward revisions to hours worked; output increased at the same rates 

reported February 2. The 0.4 percent increase in nonfarm business productivity was the smallest annual gain in 

the series since a 0.4 percent gain in 1995. In both the nonfarm business and manufacturing sectors, unit labor 

costs were revised upward for 2011; this was due both to upward revisions to hourly compensation and downward 

revisions to productivity. Unit labor costs rose 2.0 percent in the nonfarm business sector and declined 0.8 percent 

in the manufacturing sector. Real hourly compensation, which takes into account changes in consumer prices, 

decreased 0.7 percent in 2011 in the nonfarm business sector. This is the largest annual decline in the measure 

since a 1.7 percent decline in 1989. (See table C.)

_____________ 

The preliminary Productivity and Costs press release for first-quarter 2012 is scheduled to be released on 

Thursday, May 3, 2012 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
-3- 

Table A. Revised fourth-quarter 2011 measures: percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (Q to Q) and from same quarter a year 

ago (Y to Y)

Sector

 Nonfarm

 Business Business Manufacturing

 Durable

 Manufacturing

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y

Productivity 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.1 -0.1 1.7 0.8 3.3 0.5 1.1

Output 3.7 2.3 3.7 2.1 4.8 4.5 8.5 7.9 1.2 1.1

Hours 2.7 1.9 2.8 2.0 4.9 2.7 7.6 4.4 0.7 0.0

Hourly compensation 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.5 1.9 1.7 0.6 1.0 3.8 2.6

Real hourly compensation 2.8 0.2 2.8 0.1 1.0 -1.6 -0.3 -2.2 2.8 -0.7

Unit labor costs 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.3 2.0 0.0 -0.2 -2.2 3.3 1.5

Table B. Revised and previous measures: fourth quarter and third quarter 2011 

Sector

 Nonfarm

 Business Business Manufacturing

 Durable

 Manufacturing

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous

Percent change, annual rate, fourth quarter 2011 

Productivity 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 -0.4 0.5 1.3

Output 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5 4.8 3.8 8.5 6.3 1.2 1.5

Hours 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 4.9 4.2 7.6 6.7 0.7 0.2

Hourly compensation 3.7 1.9 3.8 2.0 1.9 1.2 0.6 0.2 3.8 2.7

Real hourly compensation 2.8 1.0 2.8 1.1 1.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.8 2.8 1.7

Unit labor costs 2.8 1.2 2.8 1.4 2.0 1.6 -0.2 0.6 3.3 1.4

Percent change, annual rate, third quarter 2011

Productivity 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.5 5.2 5.3 8.6 8.7 1.5 1.6

Output 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 4.9 5.0 7.6 7.8 2.2 2.3

Hours 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.9 -0.9 0.7 0.6

Hourly compensation 5.7 -0.3 5.3 -0.6 3.2 -0.6 4.0 -0.2 1.9 -1.2

Real hourly compensation 2.6 -3.2 2.2 -3.5 0.2 -3.5 0.9 -3.1 -1.1 -4.1

Unit labor costs 3.9 -2.1 3.8 -2.1 -1.9 -5.6 -4.3 -8.2 0.5 -2.8

Table C. Annual average changes in productivity and related measures, 2007-2011

Sector Nonfarm Business Manufacturing

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Productivity 1.5 0.6 2.3 4.0 0.4 3.9 -0.5 0.5 6.0 2.6

Output 2.1 -1.5 -5.1 4.0 2.4 2.2 -4.4 -12.5 6.0 4.9

Hours 0.5 -2.1 -7.2 0.0 2.0 -1.7 -4.0 -13.0 0.0 2.2

Hourly compensation 4.0 3.4 1.7 1.9 2.5 3.2 4.3 4.6 1.6 1.8

Real hourly compensation 1.1 -0.4 2.1 0.3 -0.7 0.4 0.4 5.0 -0.1 -1.3

Unit labor costs 2.4 2.8 -0.7 -2.0 2.0 -0.7 4.8 4.0 -4.2 -0.8
-4- 

Table D. Nonfinancial corporations: revised third-quarter 2011 productivity and cost measures

Productivity Output Hours

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs

Unit profits Implicit price 

deflator

Percent change, annual rate, third quarter 2011

Revised -2.8 -0.8 2.0 0.2 -2.8 3.0 7.7 3.8

Previous -2.6 -0.8 1.9 0.3 -2.7 3.0 7.7 3.8
-5- 

TECHNICAL NOTES

Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours for all persons 

working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The 

primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in 

nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of production and 

nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using 

data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for 

this purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average 

weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS. 

Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm unpaid family 

workers. Estimates of labor input for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and 

the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

(BEA) of the Department of Commerce.

The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or more establishments at 

each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS features measures of employment that count each person 

only once and classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at all jobs by that 

person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS also collects more detailed information on 

employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity 

measures use the more detailed information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the 

correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES. 

Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from 

gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and 

private households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in 

labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 75 percent of the value of GDP in 2010. Nonfarm 

business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 74 percent of GDP in 2010. 

Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are 

constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the 

Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price 

program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector 

transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the index of industrial 

production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be 

consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. Durables include the 

following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product 

manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery 

manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance 

manufacturing; transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; 

and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco 

product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied 

product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum and coal 

products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber products manufacturing. 

Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of 

the costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the following 

outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated 

business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other 

holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted 

for about 48 percent of the value of GDP in 2010. 

Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between real output and the labor 

time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods 

and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all persons 

engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of 

production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; 
-6- 

capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of 

production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force. 

Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer 

contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, 

required for measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee 

compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general 

government, nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation of 

domestic employees to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation 

of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that 

proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor 

productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers. 

Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release describe the relationship between 

compensation per hour and productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of 

inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor 

productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent 

changes from the previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the 

corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series where 2005=100. Annual data 

are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous year. 

The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are 

rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated 

using index numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the BLS web site, 

www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity. 

(Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV) 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339.
-7- 

Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2011 ANNUAL 0.2 r 2.2 r 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.7 r 2.3 r 2.7 r 2.5 r

2011 IV 1.0 r 3.7 r 2.8 r 3.8 r 2.8 r 2.8 r -2.5 r 0.5 r 

 III 1.5 2.7 1.2 r 5.3 r 2.2 r 3.8 r 0.9 r 2.6 

 II -0.1 r 1.7 1.8 r -0.1 r -4.0 r 0.1 6.8 2.9 

 I -1.8 r 0.3 2.1 r 4.9 r -0.3 r 6.8 -2.1 r 2.9 

2010 ANNUAL 4.0 r 3.9 0.0 r 1.9 r 0.3 r -2.0 6.1 1.3 

2010 IV 1.3 r 3.2 1.9 r -0.1 r -2.7 r -1.3 7.3 2.2 

 III 2.3 r 3.7 1.4 r 1.9 r 0.4 r -0.4 r 3.2 1.1 

 II 1.2 r 4.7 3.5 r 2.5 r 3.0 r 1.3 r 2.8 1.9 

 I 4.2 r 5.1 0.9 r 1.1 r -0.1 r -2.9 9.1 r 1.8 

2009 ANNUAL 2.5 r -4.9 -7.2 r 1.7 r 2.0 -0.8 3.1 0.7 

2009 IV 5.1 r 5.0 -0.1 r 1.0 r -1.8 r -3.9 9.0 1.1 

 III 6.9 r 1.8 -4.8 r 2.5 r -1.1 r -4.1 r 7.3 0.3 

 II 8.4 r -1.0 -8.7 r 7.0 r 5.0 r -1.3 -1.0 -1.2 

 I 1.4 r -8.5 -9.8 -2.7 -0.4 -4.1 10.5 1.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2011 ANNUAL 0.2 r 2.2 r 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.7 r 2.3 r 2.7 r 2.5 r

2011 IV 0.1 r 2.1 r 2.0 r 3.5 r 0.1 r 3.3 r 0.7 r 2.2 r

 III 0.2 r 2.0 1.8 r 2.5 r -1.2 r 2.3 r 3.1 r 2.6 

 II 0.4 r 2.2 1.8 r 1.6 r -1.7 r 1.2 r 3.7 2.3 

 I 0.7 r 3.0 2.2 r 2.3 r 0.1 r 1.5 r 2.8 r 2.0 

2010 ANNUAL 4.0 r 3.9 0.0 r 1.9 r 0.3 r -2.0 6.1 1.3 

2010 IV 2.2 r 4.2 1.9 r 1.3 r 0.1 r -0.9 r 5.6 r 1.8 

 III 3.2 r 4.6 1.4 r 1.6 r 0.4 r -1.5 6.0 1.5 

 II 4.3 r 4.1 -0.2 r 1.8 r 0.0 r -2.4 7.0 1.3 

 I 6.1 r 2.7 -3.3 2.9 0.5 -3.1 6.0 0.5 

2009 ANNUAL 2.5 r -4.9 -7.2 r 1.7 r 2.0 -0.8 3.1 0.7 

2009 IV 5.4 -0.8 -5.9 1.9 0.4 -3.3 6.3 0.4 

 III 3.3 -5.1 -8.1 2.1 r 3.8 r -1.2 1.8 0.0 

 II 1.4 r -6.8 -8.1 r 2.3 r 3.3 r 0.9 0.5 0.8 

 I -0.1 -6.5 -6.5 r 0.4 r 0.5 0.4 3.9 r 1.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2011 ANNUAL 110.1 r 104.7 r 95.1 r 118.5 r 102.9 r 107.6 r 119.5 r 112.3 r 

2011 IV 110.7 r 106.1 r 95.9 r 120.1 r 103.4 r 108.5 r 119.4 r 112.8 r

 III 110.4 r 105.1 95.2 r 119.0 r 102.7 r 107.8 r 120.1 r 112.7 

 II 110.0 r 104.4 94.9 r 117.5 r 102.1 r 106.8 r 119.9 r 111.9 

 I 110.1 r 104.0 94.5 r 117.5 r 103.2 r 106.8 r 117.9 r 111.2 

2010 ANNUAL 109.9 r 102.5 93.3 r 115.7 r 103.6 r 105.2 r 116.3 r 109.6 

2010 IV 110.5 r 103.9 94.0 r 116.1 r 103.3 r 105.0 r 118.5 r 110.4 

 III 110.2 r 103.1 93.5 r 116.1 r 104.0 r 105.4 r 116.5 r 109.7 

 II 109.6 r 102.1 93.2 r 115.6 r 103.9 r 105.5 r 115.5 r 109.4 

 I 109.3 r 101.0 92.4 r 114.9 r 103.1 r 105.1 r 114.7 r 108.9 

2009 ANNUAL 105.7 r 98.7 93.3 r 113.5 r 103.3 r 107.4 r 109.6 r 108.3 

2009 IV 108.1 r 99.7 92.2 r 114.6 r 103.1 r 105.9 r 112.3 r 108.4 

 III 106.8 r 98.5 92.2 r 114.3 r 103.6 r 107.0 r 109.9 r 108.1 

 II 105.0 r 98.1 93.4 r 113.6 r 103.9 r 108.1 r 108.0 r 108.1 

 I 102.9 r 98.3 95.5 r 111.7 r 102.6 r 108.5 r 108.2 r 108.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-8- 

Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2011 ANNUAL 0.4 r 2.4 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.7 r 2.0 r 2.2 r 2.1 

2011 IV 0.9 r 3.7 r 2.7 r 3.7 r 2.8 r 2.8 r -1.9 r 0.8 r

 III 1.8 r 2.8 1.0 r 5.7 r 2.6 r 3.9 r 0.5 r 2.5 

 II -0.3 r 1.8 2.2 r -0.5 r -4.4 r -0.1 6.7 2.7 

 I -1.0 r 0.9 1.9 r 5.1 r -0.2 r 6.2 -3.1 2.2 

2010 ANNUAL 4.0 r 4.0 0.0 r 1.9 r 0.3 r -2.0 5.7 1.1 

2010 IV 1.8 r 3.8 1.9 r 0.1 r -2.5 r -1.7 r 6.5 r 1.7 

 III 1.8 r 3.5 1.7 r 1.6 r 0.2 r -0.2 2.0 0.7 

 II 1.2 4.6 3.3 r 2.6 3.2 r 1.4 3.0 2.0 

 I 4.5 r 5.2 0.6 r 1.3 r 0.1 r -3.1 8.8 1.6 

2009 ANNUAL 2.3 -5.1 -7.2 1.7 r 2.1 r -0.7 3.8 1.1 

2009 IV 5.3 r 5.6 0.2 r 1.0 r -1.7 r -4.1 7.7 0.5 

 III 6.4 r 1.4 -4.7 r 2.2 r -1.4 r -4.0 r 8.1 0.6 

 II 8.3 r -1.1 -8.7 r 7.1 r 5.1 r -1.1 r -1.3 -1.2 

 I 1.3 -8.7 -9.9 -2.8 r -0.5 r -4.0 12.2 r 2.0 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2011 ANNUAL 0.4 r 2.4 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.7 r 2.0 r 2.2 r 2.1 

2011 IV 0.3 r 2.3 1.9 r 3.5 r 0.2 r 3.1 r 0.5 r 2.0 r

 III 0.5 r 2.3 1.8 r 2.6 r -1.2 r 2.0 r 2.6 r 2.2 

 II 0.6 r 2.5 1.9 r 1.6 r -1.7 r 1.0 2.9 1.8 

 I 0.9 r 3.2 2.2 r 2.3 r 0.1 r 1.4 2.0 1.7 

2010 ANNUAL 4.0 r 4.0 0.0 r 1.9 r 0.3 r -2.0 5.7 1.1 

2010 IV 2.3 r 4.3 1.9 r 1.4 r 0.2 r -0.9 5.0 1.5 

 III 3.2 r 4.7 1.5 r 1.6 r 0.4 r -1.5 5.4 r 1.2 

 II 4.4 4.2 -0.2 r 1.8 r 0.0 r -2.5 6.9 1.2 

 I 6.1 r 2.7 -3.2 2.9 0.5 -3.1 5.7 0.4 

2009 ANNUAL 2.3 -5.1 -7.2 1.7 r 2.1 r -0.7 3.8 1.1 

2009 IV 5.3 -0.9 -5.9 1.8 0.3 -3.3 6.5 0.5 

 III 3.1 r -5.5 -8.3 r 2.1 3.8 r -0.9 2.5 0.4 

 II 1.3 r -7.1 -8.2 2.4 3.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 

 I -0.1 r -6.7 -6.6 r 0.4 0.5 0.5 5.0 2.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2011 ANNUAL 110.2 r 104.8 r 95.1 r 118.6 r 102.9 r 107.6 r 118.6 r 111.9 r

2011 IV 110.8 r 106.2 r 95.8 r 120.2 r 103.4 r 108.4 r 118.6 r 112.4 r

 III 110.6 r 105.2 95.2 r 119.1 r 102.7 r 107.7 r 119.1 r 112.2 

 II 110.1 r 104.5 94.9 r 117.4 r 102.1 r 106.7 r 119.0 r 111.5 

 I 110.2 r 104.0 94.4 r 117.6 r 103.2 r 106.7 r 117.1 r 110.8 

2010 ANNUAL 109.8 r 102.4 93.3 r 115.7 r 103.6 r 105.4 r 116.1 r 109.6 

2010 IV 110.5 r 103.8 94.0 r 116.1 r 103.3 r 105.1 r 118.0 r 110.2 

 III 110.0 r 102.9 93.5 r 116.1 r 103.9 r 105.6 r 116.2 r 109.7 

 II 109.5 r 102.0 93.1 r 115.6 r 103.9 r 105.6 r 115.6 r 109.5 

 I 109.1 r 100.8 92.4 r 114.9 r 103.1 r 105.3 r 114.7 r 109.0 

2009 ANNUAL 105.5 r 98.5 93.3 r 113.5 r 103.3 r 107.5 r 109.8 r 108.4 

2009 IV 107.9 r 99.6 92.3 r 114.5 r 103.1 r 106.1 r 112.3 r 108.5 

 III 106.5 r 98.2 92.2 r 114.2 r 103.5 r 107.2 r 110.3 r 108.4 

 II 104.9 r 97.9 93.3 r 113.6 r 103.9 r 108.3 r 108.1 r 108.2 

 I 102.8 r 98.2 95.5 r 111.7 r 102.6 r 108.6 r 108.5 r 108.6 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-9- 

Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, 

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2011 ANNUAL 2.6 r 4.9 2.2 r 1.8 r -1.3 r -0.8 r

2011 IV -0.1 r 4.8 r 4.9 r 1.9 r 1.0 r 2.0 r

 III 5.2 r 4.9 r -0.3 3.2 r 0.2 r -1.9 r

 II -2.0 r 0.6 2.7 -2.1 -5.9 r 0.0 

 I 4.0 r 7.8 3.7 r 3.8 r -1.4 r -0.2 

2010 ANNUAL 6.0 r 6.0 0.0 1.6 -0.1 r -4.2 

2010 IV 4.7 r 3.8 -0.8 r 2.0 r -0.6 r -2.5 

 III 1.6 r 5.6 4.0 r 1.1 r -0.3 r -0.5 

 II 5.7 r 9.2 3.3 r 4.3 r 4.8 r -1.3 

 I 4.8 r 7.8 2.9 r -2.6 r -3.8 r -7.1 

2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -12.5 -13.0 4.6 r 5.0 r 4.0 

2009 IV 6.9 r 6.5 -0.4 r 2.8 r 0.0 r -3.9 

 III 12.7 r 7.5 -4.6 r 1.1 r -2.5 r -10.3 

 II 6.9 r -10.1 -15.9 r 8.5 r 6.5 r 1.5 

 I -1.2 r -21.1 -20.1 r 0.7 r 3.1 r 1.9 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2011 ANNUAL 2.6 r 4.9 2.2 r 1.8 r -1.3 r -0.8 r

2011 IV 1.7 4.5 r 2.7 r 1.7 r -1.6 r 0.0 r

 III 2.9 r 4.2 r 1.3 r 1.7 r -2.0 r -1.2 r

 II 2.0 r 4.4 2.4 r 1.2 r -2.1 r -0.8 

 I 3.9 r 6.6 2.5 r 2.8 r 0.6 r -1.1 

2010 ANNUAL 6.0 r 6.0 0.0 1.6 -0.1 r -4.2 

2010 IV 4.2 6.6 2.3 1.2 0.0 -2.9 

 III 4.7 r 7.3 2.4 r 1.3 r 0.1 r -3.2 

 II 7.5 7.7 0.2 1.3 r -0.4 -5.7 

 I 7.8 2.6 -4.8 2.4 0.0 -5.0 

2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -12.5 -13.0 4.6 r 5.0 r 4.0 

2009 IV 6.2 -5.1 -10.6 3.2 1.7 -2.8 

 III 2.7 -11.9 -14.2 4.8 6.6 2.0 

 II -1.5 r -16.5 -15.2 r 6.0 r 7.0 r 7.6 

 I -4.7 r -16.0 -11.8 4.1 r 4.3 r 9.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2011 ANNUAL 114.2 r 96.6 r 84.6 r 118.8 r 103.1 r 104.0 r

2011 IV 114.7 r 98.0 r 85.4 r 119.5 r 102.9 r 104.2 r

 III 114.8 r 96.9 r 84.4 r 118.9 r 102.6 r 103.6 r

 II 113.3 r 95.7 84.5 r 118.0 r 102.6 r 104.1 r

 I 113.9 r 95.6 83.9 r 118.6 r 104.2 r 104.1 r

2010 ANNUAL 111.3 r 92.0 82.7 r 116.6 r 104.4 r 104.8 

2010 IV 112.8 r 93.8 83.2 r 117.5 r 104.5 r 104.2 r

 III 111.5 r 92.9 83.3 r 116.9 r 104.7 r 104.8 r

 II 111.1 r 91.7 82.5 r 116.6 r 104.8 r 105.0 r

 I 109.6 r 89.7 81.9 r 115.4 r 103.6 r 105.3 r

2009 ANNUAL 104.9 r 86.8 82.7 r 114.8 r 104.5 r 109.4 r

2009 IV 108.3 r 88.0 81.3 r 116.2 r 104.6 r 107.3 r

 III 106.5 r 86.7 81.4 r 115.4 r 104.6 r 108.3 r

 II 103.4 r 85.1 82.3 r 115.1 r 105.2 r 111.3 r

 I 101.7 r 87.4 86.0 r 112.7 r 103.6 r 110.9 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-10- 

Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2011 ANNUAL 4.1 r 8.2 r 3.9 1.4 r -1.7 r -2.6 r

2011 IV 0.8 r 8.5 r 7.6 r 0.6 r -0.3 r -0.2 r

 III 8.6 r 7.6 r -0.9 4.0 r 0.9 r -4.3 r

 II -2.5 r 2.0 4.6 r -4.5 r -8.2 r -2.1 

 I 6.7 r 13.7 6.6 r 4.2 r -1.0 r -2.3 

2010 ANNUAL 7.7 7.6 -0.1 2.1 0.5 r -5.2 

2010 IV 5.1 r 5.7 0.5 r 2.0 r -0.7 r -3.0 

 III 1.4 r 8.3 6.8 r -1.2 r -2.6 r -2.5 

 II 11.9 r 14.5 2.3 r 7.7 r 8.3 r -3.7 

 I 6.4 r 10.2 3.6 r -2.9 r -4.1 r -8.7 

2009 ANNUAL -4.5 r -19.3 -15.5 5.8 r 6.2 r 10.8 

2009 IV 5.8 r 5.9 0.1 r 3.3 r 0.5 r -2.3 

 III 17.7 r 10.3 -6.3 r 0.6 r -2.9 r -14.5 

 II 2.6 r -18.8 -20.9 r 12.2 r 10.1 r 9.3 

 I -9.8 r -31.2 -23.8 r 3.4 r 5.9 r 14.6 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2011 ANNUAL 4.1 r 8.2 r 3.9 1.4 r -1.7 r -2.6 r

2011 IV 3.3 r 7.9 r 4.4 r 1.0 r -2.2 r -2.2 r

 III 4.4 7.2 2.6 r 1.4 r -2.3 r -2.9 r

 II 2.6 r 7.3 4.6 r 0.1 r -3.2 r -2.5 

 I 6.2 10.5 4.0 3.1 r 0.9 r -2.9 

2010 ANNUAL 7.7 7.6 -0.1 2.1 0.5 r -5.2 

2010 IV 6.2 r 9.6 3.3 r 1.3 0.1 -4.5 

 III 6.3 9.7 3.2 1.7 0.5 r -4.4 

 II 10.4 10.2 -0.2 2.1 0.3 -7.5 

 I 8.0 1.1 -6.4 3.2 0.8 -4.5 

2009 ANNUAL -4.5 r -19.3 -15.5 5.8 r 6.2 r 10.8 

2009 IV 3.6 -10.1 -13.3 4.8 3.3 1.1 

 III -2.5 -18.9 -16.8 5.9 7.7 8.7 

 II -7.6 r -24.4 -18.2 r 7.5 r 8.6 r 16.4 

 I -10.4 r -22.5 -13.5 r 4.7 r 4.9 r 16.9 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2011 ANNUAL 113.5 r 94.5 r 83.2 r 119.8 r 104.0 r 105.5 r

2011 IV 114.7 r 96.9 r 84.5 r 120.2 r 103.5 r 104.8 r

 III 114.5 r 95.0 r 83.0 r 120.0 r 103.5 r 104.8 r

 II 112.1 r 93.2 83.2 r 118.8 r 103.3 r 106.0 r

 I 112.8 r 92.8 82.2 r 120.2 r 105.5 r 106.5 r

2010 ANNUAL 109.0 r 87.3 80.1 r 118.1 r 105.8 r 108.3 r

2010 IV 111.0 r 89.8 80.9 r 119.0 r 105.8 r 107.1 

 III 109.6 r 88.6 80.8 r 118.4 r 106.0 r 108.0 r

 II 109.3 r 86.9 79.5 r 118.7 r 106.7 r 108.7 r

 I 106.2 84.0 79.0 116.5 104.6 109.7 

2009 ANNUAL 101.2 r 81.2 80.2 r 115.7 r 105.3 r 114.3 

2009 IV 104.6 r 82.0 78.4 r 117.4 r 105.7 r 112.2 r

 III 103.1 r 80.8 78.3 r 116.4 r 105.5 r 112.9 r

 II 99.0 r 78.8 79.6 r 116.2 r 106.3 r 117.4 r

 I 98.4 r 83.0 84.4 r 112.9 r 103.8 r 114.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-11- 

Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2011 ANNUAL 2.1 r 1.7 -0.4 r 2.3 r -0.9 0.2 r

2011 IV 0.5 r 1.2 r 0.7 r 3.8 r 2.8 r 3.3 r

 III 1.5 r 2.2 r 0.7 r 1.9 r -1.1 r 0.5 r

 II -0.5 r -0.9 -0.4 r 2.3 r -1.7 r 2.7 

 I 2.9 r 2.1 -0.8 r 2.3 r -2.8 r -0.6 

2010 ANNUAL 3.7 r 3.9 0.2 r 0.6 r -1.0 r -3.0 

2010 IV 4.9 r 2.0 -2.8 r 1.8 r -0.9 r -3.0 

 III 3.2 r 2.8 -0.4 r 4.6 r 3.2 r 1.4 

 II -0.9 r 4.0 4.9 r -1.4 r -0.9 r -0.5 

 I 3.5 r 5.4 1.9 r -2.3 r -3.5 r -5.6 

2009 ANNUAL 2.4 r -6.6 -8.7 2.9 3.3 r 0.5 

2009 IV 7.5 r 6.2 -1.2 r 1.7 r -1.1 r -5.4 

 III 5.0 r 3.0 -1.9 r 2.3 r -1.3 r -2.6 

 II 4.9 r -2.5 -7.0 r 3.3 r 1.4 r -1.5 

 I 2.8 -11.2 -13.5 r -3.4 r -1.1 r -6.0 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2011 ANNUAL 2.1 r 1.7 -0.4 r 2.3 r -0.9 0.2 r

2011 IV 1.1 r 1.1 r 0.0 r 2.6 r -0.7 r 1.5 r

 III 2.2 r 1.3 r -0.9 r 2.1 r -1.6 r -0.1 r

 II 2.6 r 1.5 -1.1 r 2.7 r -0.6 r 0.1 

 I 2.5 r 2.7 0.2 r 1.8 r -0.4 r -0.7 

2010 ANNUAL 3.7 r 3.9 0.2 r 0.6 r -1.0 r -3.0 

2010 IV 2.7 r 3.5 0.9 r 0.6 r -0.6 r -2.0 

 III 3.3 r 4.6 1.3 r 0.6 r -0.6 r -2.6 

 II 3.7 r 4.6 0.9 r 0.0 r -1.7 -3.6 

 I 5.2 3.0 -2.1 1.2 -1.1 -3.8 

2009 ANNUAL 2.4 r -6.6 -8.7 2.9 3.3 r 0.5 

2009 IV 5.0 -1.3 -6.1 r 0.9 -0.5 -3.9 

 III 4.5 -5.8 -9.8 3.5 5.2 -1.0 

 II 1.1 r -9.1 -10.0 r 3.9 r 4.9 r 2.8 

 I -1.0 -9.7 -8.9 r 3.3 3.5 r 4.3 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2011 ANNUAL 110.7 r 96.2 r 86.9 r 117.2 r 101.7 r 105.9 r

2011 IV 110.9 r 96.6 r 87.1 r 118.5 r 102.0 r 106.8 r

 III 110.8 r 96.3 r 87.0 r 117.4 r 101.3 r 105.9 r

 II 110.4 r 95.8 86.8 r 116.8 r 101.6 r 105.8 r

 I 110.5 r 96.0 86.9 r 116.2 r 102.0 r 105.1 r

2010 ANNUAL 108.4 r 94.6 87.3 r 114.6 r 102.6 r 105.7 r

2010 IV 109.7 r 95.5 87.1 r 115.5 r 102.7 r 105.3 r

 III 108.4 r 95.1 87.7 r 115.0 r 103.0 r 106.1 r

 II 107.6 r 94.4 87.8 r 113.7 r 102.2 r 105.7 r

 I 107.8 r 93.5 86.7 r 114.1 r 102.4 r 105.9 r

2009 ANNUAL 104.5 r 91.1 87.2 r 113.9 r 103.6 r 109.0 

2009 IV 106.9 r 92.3 86.3 r 114.8 r 103.3 r 107.4 

 III 105.0 r 90.9 86.6 r 114.3 r 103.6 r 108.9 r

 II 103.7 r 90.2 87.0 r 113.7 r 104.0 r 109.6 r

 I 102.5 r 90.8 88.6 r 112.7 r 103.6 r 110.0 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-12-

Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit 

profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted

 Real Unit

 Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit

Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price 

and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator

quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2011 III -2.8 r -0.8 2.0 r 0.2 r -2.8 r 3.0 3.5 3.1 7.7 3.8 

 II 2.9 r 6.1 3.1 r 0.5 r -3.4 r -2.3 -1.8 -2.2 28.9 1.8 

 I 1.8 r 4.5 2.6 r 4.0 r -1.2 r 2.2 0.7 1.7 3.7 2.0 

2010 ANNUAL 4.7 r 4.9 0.2 r 1.8 r 0.2 r -2.7 -9.2 -4.6 41.3 -0.1 

2010 IV -3.7 r -1.5 2.3 r -0.8 r -3.4 r 3.0 1.9 2.7 -0.7 2.2 

 III -0.5 r 2.1 2.6 r 2.3 r 0.9 r 2.9 -4.4 0.8 13.5 2.5 

 II -1.4 r 2.6 4.0 r 1.6 r 2.2 r 3.0 -7.5 -0.1 10.5 1.3 

 I 8.7 r 10.2 1.3 r 0.8 r -0.5 r -7.3 -14.7 -9.5 102.7 -0.1 

2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -7.4 -7.8 2.1 r 2.5 r 1.5 6.5 3.0 -8.2 1.8 

2009 IV 9.5 r 9.1 -0.4 r 1.4 r -1.3 r -7.4 -9.7 -8.1 75.4 -1.6 

 III 7.9 r 2.7 -4.8 r 2.8 r -0.9 r -4.8 -12.6 -7.1 54.4 -2.7 

 II 6.2 r -4.5 -10.1 r 7.9 r 5.9 r 1.6 -2.0 0.5 -27.2 -2.4 

 I -9.6 -20.0 -11.5 -6.3 -4.1 r 3.7 23.5 9.2 -28.5 4.8 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2011 III -0.5 r 2.0 2.5 r 1.0 r -2.7 r 1.4 1.0 1.3 9.3 2.4 

 II 0.1 r 2.8 2.6 r 1.5 r -1.8 r 1.4 -0.9 0.7 10.8 2.1 

 I -1.0 r 1.9 2.9 r 1.8 r -0.4 r 2.8 -2.4 1.3 6.6 2.0 

2010 ANNUAL 4.7 r 4.9 0.2 r 1.8 r 0.2 r -2.7 -9.2 -4.6 41.3 -0.1 

2010 IV 0.7 r 3.3 2.6 r 1.0 r -0.2 r 0.3 -6.4 -1.7 26.1 1.5 

 III 3.9 r 5.9 1.9 r 1.5 r 0.3 r -2.3 -9.2 -4.3 45.3 0.5 

 II 6.1 r 6.1 0.0 r 1.6 r -0.1 r -4.2 -11.2 -6.3 56.9 -0.8 

 I 8.1 4.2 -3.6 3.2 0.8 -4.5 -9.9 -6.1 41.4 -1.7 

2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -7.4 -7.8 2.1 r 2.5 r 1.5 6.5 3.0 -8.2 1.8 

2009 IV 3.2 -3.8 -6.8 1.3 -0.2 r -1.8 -1.1 -1.6 8.9 -0.5 

 III 0.0 -8.8 -8.8 2.5 4.2 r 2.5 6.2 3.6 -18.1 1.0 

 II 0.0 r -8.8 -8.8 r 2.9 3.9 2.9 10.0 4.9 -15.2 2.8 

 I -1.1 r -8.0 -6.9 1.5 1.7 r 2.7 11.4 5.1 -7.0 3.9 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2011 III 107.8 r 103.0 95.5 r 117.2 r 101.1 r 108.7 109.8 109.0 132.8 112.0 

 II 108.6 r 103.2 95.0 r 117.1 r 101.8 r 107.9 108.8 108.1 130.4 111.0 

 I 107.8 r 101.7 94.3 r 117.0 r 102.7 r 108.5 109.3 108.7 122.4 110.5 

2010 ANNUAL 108.2 r 100.4 92.8 r 115.6 r 103.5 r 106.8 109.9 107.6 118.8 109.0 

2010 IV 107.3 r 100.6 93.7 r 115.8 r 103.0 r 107.9 109.1 108.3 121.2 109.9 

 III 108.3 r 100.9 93.2 r 116.1 r 103.9 r 107.1 108.6 107.6 121.5 109.3 

 II 108.5 r 100.4 92.6 r 115.4 r 103.7 r 106.4 109.9 107.3 117.7 108.6 

 I 108.9 r 99.8 91.7 r 114.9 r 103.1 r 105.6 112.0 107.4 114.8 108.3 

2009 ANNUAL 103.4 r 95.8 92.6 r 113.5 r 103.3 r 109.7 121.0 112.8 84.1 109.2 

2009 IV 106.6 r 97.4 91.4 r 114.7 r 103.3 r 107.6 116.6 110.1 96.2 108.3 

 III 104.2 r 95.3 91.4 r 114.3 r 103.6 r 109.7 119.6 112.4 83.6 108.8 

 II 102.3 r 94.7 92.6 r 113.5 r 103.8 r 111.0 123.7 114.5 75.0 109.5 

 I 100.7 r 95.8 95.1 r 111.4 r 102.4 r 110.6 124.3 114.4 81.2 110.2 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-13-

SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the 

U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the 

Federal Reserve Board. Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and 

the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more complete information 

becomes available. The measures are first published within 40 days of the close of the reference 

period; revisions appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business 

sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has 

differed from the initial value by between –1.7 and 1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of the 

time. This interval is based on the performance of this measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and 

the third quarter of 2011. 

Table Footnotes

(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private

benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also 

include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed. 

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPIU). The trend from 1978-2010 is based on the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and 

imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, 

rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index. 

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index 

numbers to three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal 

place for convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual average indexes 

to three decimal places.

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less 

subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments. 

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.

(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital 

consumption adjustments.
-14-

Appendix table 1.

Business sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2008 ANNUAL 0.7 -1.3 -2.0 3.3 -0.5 2.6 0.6 1.8 

2008 IV -3.1 -12.0 -9.2 1.8 12.1 5.0 -8.6 -0.5 

 III -0.9 r -5.4 -4.5 r 3.3 r -2.9 r 4.3 2.2 r 3.5 

 II 2.5 r 0.2 -2.2 r -0.8 r -5.8 r -3.2 13.2 2.9 

 I -2.2 r -3.1 -1.0 r 5.6 r 0.9 r 8.0 -7.7 1.5 

2007 ANNUAL 1.5 2.0 0.5 4.1 1.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 

2007 IV 1.5 r 1.3 -0.2 r 5.5 r 0.6 r 3.9 -2.7 1.2 

 III 4.8 3.1 -1.6 r 3.1 r 0.6 r -1.6 r 4.4 0.7 

 II 4.2 r 4.5 0.3 r 2.7 r -2.0 r -1.4 9.5 r 2.8 

 I -0.5 r -0.3 0.2 r 3.7 r -0.1 r 4.2 4.9 4.5 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2008 ANNUAL 0.7 -1.3 -2.0 3.3 -0.5 2.6 0.6 1.8 

2008 IV -1.0 -5.2 -4.3 2.4 0.9 3.4 -0.6 1.8 

 III 0.2 -1.8 -2.0 3.4 -1.8 3.2 0.9 2.3 

 II 1.6 0.4 -1.2 3.3 -1.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 

 I 2.0 r 1.4 -0.6 4.2 0.0 r 2.1 0.7 1.6 

2007 ANNUAL 1.5 2.0 0.5 4.1 1.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 

2007 IV 2.5 2.1 -0.3 3.8 r -0.2 1.2 3.9 2.3 

 III 2.7 2.8 0.1 4.7 r 2.3 r 1.9 2.8 2.3 

 II 0.9 r 1.9 1.0 4.2 1.5 3.3 2.1 2.8 

 I -0.1 r 1.2 1.2 3.8 r 1.4 3.9 1.5 3.0 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2008 ANNUAL 103.2 r 103.7 100.5 r 111.7 r 101.2 r 108.2 r 106.3 r 107.5 

2008 IV 102.6 r 100.5 98.0 r 112.4 r 102.7 r 109.6 r 105.6 108.0 

 III 103.4 r 103.8 100.4 r 111.9 r 99.8 r 108.3 r 108.0 r 108.2 

 II 103.6 r 105.3 101.6 r 111.0 r 100.6 r 107.1 r 107.4 r 107.2 

 I 103.0 r 105.2 102.1 r 111.3 r 102.1 r 108.0 r 104.1 r 106.5 

2007 ANNUAL 102.4 r 105.1 102.6 r 108.1 r 101.8 r 105.5 r 105.6 r 105.6 

2007 IV 103.6 r 106.0 102.4 r 109.8 r 101.8 r 106.0 r 106.3 106.1 

 III 103.2 r 105.7 102.4 r 108.3 r 101.7 r 104.9 r 107.0 r 105.8 

 II 102.0 r 104.9 102.8 r 107.5 r 101.5 r 105.4 r 105.8 r 105.6 

 I 100.9 r 103.7 102.8 r 106.8 r 102.0 r 105.8 r 103.5 r 104.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-15-

Appendix table 2.

Nonfarm business sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2008 ANNUAL 0.6 -1.5 -2.1 3.4 -0.4 2.8 0.4 1.8 

2008 IV -3.4 -12.7 -9.7 2.1 12.5 5.7 -7.8 0.2 

 III -0.8 r -5.2 -4.4 r 3.4 r -2.8 r 4.3 2.9 3.7 

 II 2.4 r 0.4 -2.0 r -1.1 r -6.1 r -3.4 r 14.3 3.1 

 I -2.6 r -3.6 -1.1 r 5.9 r 1.2 r 8.7 -9.0 1.5 

2007 ANNUAL 1.5 2.1 0.5 r 4.0 1.1 2.4 2.1 2.3 

2007 IV 1.9 r 0.9 -1.0 r 6.4 r 1.5 r 4.3 r -3.8 1.0 

 III 4.8 r 3.4 -1.4 r 2.8 r 0.3 r -1.9 4.0 0.4 

 II 3.4 r 4.7 1.2 r 1.5 r -3.1 r -1.8 r 10.0 2.6 

 I -0.2 r -0.2 0.1 r 3.7 r -0.1 r 4.0 4.3 4.1 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2008 ANNUAL 0.6 -1.5 -2.1 3.4 -0.4 2.8 0.4 1.8 

2008 IV -1.1 -5.4 -4.4 2.5 1.0 3.7 -0.3 2.1 

 III 0.2 r -1.9 -2.1 r 3.6 -1.6 3.4 0.7 2.3 

 II 1.6 0.2 -1.3 3.4 -0.8 1.8 1.0 1.5 

 I 1.9 1.3 -0.5 r 4.1 -0.1 r 2.2 0.0 1.4 

2007 ANNUAL 1.5 2.1 0.5 r 4.0 1.1 2.4 2.1 2.3 

2007 IV 2.5 2.2 -0.3 3.6 -0.4 1.1 3.5 2.0 

 III 2.7 r 3.0 0.3 4.4 2.0 1.7 2.4 2.0 

 II 0.9 2.1 1.1 r 4.0 1.3 3.1 1.6 r 2.5 

 I 0.2 1.2 1.0 4.1 1.6 r 3.9 1.0 2.7 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2008 ANNUAL 103.1 r 103.7 100.6 r 111.6 r 101.2 r 108.2 r 105.8 r 107.3 

2008 IV 102.5 r 100.4 98.0 r 112.4 r 102.7 r 109.7 r 105.4 r 108.0 

 III 103.4 r 103.9 100.5 r 111.9 r 99.7 r 108.2 r 107.6 108.0 

 II 103.6 r 105.3 101.7 r 110.9 r 100.5 r 107.1 r 106.8 r 107.0 

 I 103.0 r 105.2 102.2 r 111.2 r 102.1 r 108.0 r 103.3 r 106.2 

2007 ANNUAL 102.5 r 105.3 102.7 r 107.9 r 101.6 r 105.3 105.4 r 105.4 

2007 IV 103.6 r 106.2 102.5 r 109.7 r 101.7 r 105.8 r 105.8 r 105.8 

 III 103.2 r 105.9 102.7 r 108.0 r 101.4 r 104.7 r 106.8 r 105.5 

 II 101.9 r 105.1 103.1 r 107.2 r 101.3 r 105.2 r 105.8 r 105.4 

 I 101.1 r 103.9 102.7 r 106.8 r 102.1 r 105.7 r 103.3 r 104.7 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-16-

Appendix table 3.

Manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- 

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

2008 ANNUAL -0.5 -4.4 -4.0 4.3 0.4 4.8 

2008 IV -6.4 r -21.0 -15.6 r 9.4 r 20.5 r 16.9 

 III -4.8 r -13.2 -8.8 r 5.6 r -0.8 r 10.9 

 II -6.3 r -7.8 -1.6 r 0.9 r -4.1 r 7.7 

 I 0.6 r -1.5 -2.1 r 5.4 r 0.7 r 4.7 

 2007 ANNUAL 3.9 2.2 -1.7 3.2 0.4 -0.7 

2007 IV 5.2 r 0.6 -4.3 r 8.3 r 3.4 r 3.0 

 III 3.2 r 0.8 -2.3 r 0.6 r -1.9 r -2.5 

 II 3.8 r 4.7 0.9 r -1.2 r -5.8 r -4.9 

 I 4.7 r 4.2 -0.5 r 3.4 r -0.5 r -1.3 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2008 ANNUAL -0.5 -4.4 -4.0 4.3 0.4 4.8 

2008 IV -4.3 r -11.2 -7.2 r 5.3 3.7 10.0 

 III -1.4 -5.6 -4.2 r 5.0 -0.2 6.6 

 II 0.6 -2.0 -2.6 3.8 -0.5 3.2 

 I 3.2 1.2 -2.0 3.2 -0.9 r 0.0 

2007 ANNUAL 3.9 2.2 -1.7 3.2 0.4 -0.7 

2007 IV 4.2 2.6 -1.6 2.7 -1.2 -1.5 

 III 4.1 r 2.5 -1.5 r 3.3 r 0.9 r -0.8 

 II 4.2 2.4 -1.7 3.6 0.8 r -0.6 

 I 3.1 r 1.2 -1.9 r 3.4 r 0.9 r 0.2 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2008 ANNUAL 104.3 r 99.2 95.1 r 109.8 r 99.6 r 105.2 

2008 IV 102.0 r 92.7 90.9 r 112.5 r 102.8 r 110.4 r

 III 103.7 r 98.4 94.9 r 110.0 r 98.1 r 106.2 r

 II 104.9 r 101.9 97.1 r 108.6 r 98.3 r 103.4 r

 I 106.7 r 104.0 97.5 r 108.3 r 99.4 r 101.5 r

2007 ANNUAL 104.8 r 103.8 99.1 r 105.3 r 99.1 r 100.4 

2007 IV 106.5 r 104.4 98.0 r 106.9 r 99.2 r 100.4 

 III 105.2 r 104.2 99.1 r 104.8 r 98.4 r 99.6 r

 II 104.3 r 104.0 99.7 r 104.6 r 98.8 r 100.3 r

 I 103.4 r 102.8 99.5 r 104.9 r 100.3 r 101.5 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-17-

Appendix table 4.

Durable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- 

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2008 ANNUAL -1.5 -5.7 -4.2 3.1 -0.7 4.7 

2008 IV -17.2 r -29.9 -15.3 r 7.9 r 18.8 r 30.2 r

 III -5.1 r -16.6 -12.1 r 6.9 r 0.4 r 12.6 

 II -9.3 r -10.6 -1.4 r 0.8 r -4.2 r 11.2 

 I -0.8 r -1.2 -0.4 r 0.8 r -3.6 r 1.7 

2007 ANNUAL 5.3 r 3.2 -2.0 3.8 0.9 -1.5 

2007 IV 8.2 r 1.6 -6.0 r 8.4 r 3.4 r 0.2 

 III 2.6 r 0.6 -1.9 r 1.1 r -1.4 r -1.4 

 II 7.1 r 8.2 1.1 r -2.9 r -7.4 r -9.4 

 I 7.6 r 6.1 -1.5 r 5.5 r 1.6 r -2.0 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2008 ANNUAL -1.5 -5.7 -4.2 3.1 -0.7 4.7 

2008 IV -8.3 -15.2 -7.5 r 4.1 2.5 13.5 

 III -2.0 -7.0 -5.1 4.2 -1.0 6.3 

 II -0.1 -2.5 -2.5 r 2.7 -1.5 2.8 

 I 4.2 2.2 -1.9 r 1.8 -2.3 -2.3 

2007 ANNUAL 5.3 r 3.2 -2.0 3.8 0.9 -1.5 

2007 IV 6.3 r 4.1 -2.1 2.9 r -1.0 -3.2 

 III 5.3 r 3.7 -1.5 4.0 r 1.6 r -1.2 

 II 5.8 3.4 -2.2 r 4.1 1.4 -1.6 

 I 4.0 r 1.7 -2.2 4.0 r 1.6 r 0.0 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2008 ANNUAL 106.0 r 100.6 94.9 r 109.4 r 99.2 r 103.2 r

2008 IV 100.9 r 91.2 90.4 r 112.0 r 102.3 r 111.0 r

 III 105.8 r 99.7 94.2 r 109.9 r 98.0 r 103.9 r

 II 107.2 r 104.3 97.3 r 108.1 r 97.9 r 100.9 

 I 109.8 r 107.2 97.6 r 107.9 r 99.0 r 98.2 r

2007 ANNUAL 107.6 r 106.6 99.1 r 106.1 r 99.9 r 98.5 r

2007 IV 110.1 r 107.6 97.7 r 107.6 r 99.9 r 97.8 r

 III 107.9 r 107.1 99.3 r 105.5 r 99.0 r 97.8 r

 II 107.2 r 107.0 99.7 r 105.2 r 99.4 r 98.1 r

 I 105.4 r 104.9 99.5 r 106.0 r 101.3 r 100.5 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-18-

Appendix table 5.

Nondurable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- 

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2008 ANNUAL 0.1 -3.5 -3.6 6.6 2.6 6.5 

2008 IV 5.4 r -11.6 -16.1 r 12.3 r 23.7 r 6.6 

 III -8.1 r -10.8 -2.9 r 3.8 r -2.5 r 13.0 

 II -3.3 r -5.3 -2.1 r 1.1 r -3.9 r 4.6 

 I 3.1 r -2.0 -4.9 r 14.3 r 9.3 r 10.9 

2007 ANNUAL 2.1 1.1 -1.1 2.2 r -0.6 0.1 

2007 IV 0.7 r -0.5 -1.2 r 8.7 r 3.7 r 7.9 

 III 4.3 r 1.1 -3.0 r -0.5 r -3.0 r -4.6 

 II 0.4 r 0.9 0.5 r 2.1 r -2.6 r 1.7 

 I 1.1 r 2.2 1.1 r -0.5 r -4.2 r -1.5 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2008 ANNUAL 0.1 -3.5 -3.6 6.6 2.6 6.5 

2008 IV -0.9 r -7.5 -6.7 7.7 r 6.1 r 8.7 

 III -2.0 -4.7 -2.8 6.9 1.5 9.1 

 II 1.1 r -1.7 -2.8 r 5.7 r 1.4 4.5 

 I 2.1 -0.1 -2.2 6.0 1.7 3.8 

2007 ANNUAL 2.1 1.1 -1.1 2.2 r -0.6 0.1 

2007 IV 1.6 r 1.0 -0.6 2.4 r -1.6 0.8 

 III 2.8 r 1.3 -1.4 1.8 -0.5 -0.9 

 II 2.1 1.3 -0.7 2.6 -0.1 0.5 

 I 2.1 r 0.7 -1.4 r 2.2 -0.2 0.1 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2008 ANNUAL 102.1 r 97.5 95.5 r 110.6 r 100.3 r 108.4 r

2008 IV 101.8 r 93.5 91.9 r 113.7 r 103.9 r 111.7 

 III 100.4 r 96.5 96.0 r 110.4 r 98.5 r 110.0 r

 II 102.6 r 99.2 96.7 r 109.4 r 99.1 r 106.7 r

 I 103.5 r 100.6 97.2 r 109.1 r 100.1 r 105.5 r

2007 ANNUAL 102.0 r 101.0 99.0 r 103.8 r 97.8 r 101.8 

2007 IV 102.7 r 101.1 98.5 r 105.5 r 97.9 r 102.8 r

 III 102.5 r 101.2 98.8 r 103.4 r 97.0 r 100.8 r

 II 101.4 r 100.9 99.5 r 103.5 r 97.8 r 102.0 r

 I 101.3 r 100.7 99.4 r 103.0 r 98.4 r 101.6 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-19-

Appendix table 6.

Nonfinancial corporate sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,

and prices, seasonally adjusted

 Real Unit

 Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit

 Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price

 and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator

 quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2008 ANNUAL 0.3 r -1.4 -1.7 3.6 -0.2 3.3 4.1 3.5 -8.4 2.1 

2008 IV -3.4 -11.8 -8.7 6.3 17.0 10.0 20.4 13.0 -44.1 4.5 

 III 8.0 r 2.9 -4.7 r 4.5 r -1.8 r -3.2 0.6 -2.1 77.5 4.6 

 II 1.4 r -1.1 -2.5 r 2.0 r -3.1 r 0.6 2.9 1.2 5.3 1.7 

 I -4.9 r -5.0 -0.1 r 2.2 r -2.3 r 7.6 0.4 5.5 -23.3 1.9 

2007 ANNUAL 0.6 1.0 0.3 3.9 1.1 3.3 6.0 4.0 -10.4 2.1 

2007 IV 5.1 r 5.0 -0.1 r 6.8 r 1.9 r 1.6 2.5 1.8 -4.4 1.1 

 III -3.1 r -3.6 -0.6 r 2.6 r 0.1 r 5.9 11.6 7.5 -38.8 0.4 

 II 1.0 r 1.4 0.5 r 2.4 r -2.3 r 1.4 4.8 2.4 3.8 2.6 

 I -0.8 r -0.4 0.3 r 3.9 r 0.1 r 4.8 7.5 5.5 -11.6 3.1 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2008 ANNUAL 0.3 r -1.4 -1.7 3.6 -0.2 3.3 4.1 3.5 -8.4 2.1 

2008 IV 0.1 -3.9 -4.0 r 3.7 2.1 r 3.6 5.8 4.2 -5.4 3.2 

 III 2.3 0.4 -1.9 3.9 -1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 8.2 2.3 

 II -0.4 r -1.3 -0.8 3.4 -0.9 3.9 4.3 4.0 -17.1 1.3 

 I -0.5 -0.6 -0.1 3.5 -0.7 r 4.1 4.8 4.3 -17.4 1.5 

2007 ANNUAL 0.6 1.0 0.3 3.9 1.1 3.3 6.0 4.0 -10.4 2.1 

2007 IV 0.5 0.5 0.0 3.9 -0.1 3.4 6.6 4.3 -14.4 1.8 

 III -0.3 r -0.2 0.1 4.3 r 1.9 r 4.6 7.5 5.4 -20.5 1.7 

 II 1.6 2.1 0.5 4.0 r 1.2 2.3 4.7 3.0 -2.2 2.3 

 I 0.8 1.5 0.7 3.6 1.2 2.8 5.3 3.5 -3.6 2.5 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2008 ANNUAL 102.9 r 103.4 100.5 r 111.2 r 100.8 r 108.0 113.6 109.6 91.6 107.3 

2008 IV 103.3 r 101.3 98.0 r 113.2 r 103.4 r 109.6 117.9 111.9 88.3 108.9 

 III 104.2 r 104.5 100.3 r 111.5 r 99.4 r 107.0 112.5 108.5 102.1 107.7 

 II 102.2 r 103.7 101.5 r 110.3 r 99.9 r 107.9 112.4 109.1 88.4 106.5 

 I 101.9 r 104.0 102.1 r 109.8 r 100.7 r 107.7 111.6 108.8 87.3 106.1 

2007 ANNUAL 102.6 r 104.8 102.2 r 107.3 r 101.0 r 104.6 109.2 105.9 100.0 105.1 

2007 IV 103.2 r 105.4 102.1 r 109.1 r 101.3 r 105.8 111.5 107.4 93.3 105.6 

 III 101.9 r 104.1 102.2 r 107.4 r 100.8 r 105.4 110.8 106.9 94.3 105.3 

 II 102.7 r 105.1 102.3 r 106.7 r 100.8 r 103.9 107.8 105.0 106.7 105.2 

 I 102.4 r 104.7 102.2 r 106.0 r 101.4 r 103.5 106.5 104.4 105.7 104.5 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics