U.S.IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – JUNE 2023

The price index for U.S. imports fell 0.2 percent in June following a 0.4-percent decline in May, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower nonfuel prices in June more than offset higher fuel prices. 

Prices for U.S. exports decreased 0.9 percent in June, after declining 1.9 percent the previous month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: June 2022 – June 2023

Imports 

U.S. import prices decreased 0.2 percent in June and have fallen in 5 of the first 6 months of 2023, after 

rising 3.2 percent in 2022. Prices for U.S. imports declined 6.1 percent over the past year, the largest 12-

month drop since the year ended May 2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel rose 0.8 percent in June following a 4.3-percent decline the previous 

month. Higher petroleum prices in June more than offset lower natural gas prices. Despite the June advance, 

import fuel prices fell 36.4 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since a 37.5-percent 

decrease in June 2020. The price index for petroleum rose 1.1 percent in June, after falling 3.8 percent in 

May. Petroleum prices declined 35.1 percent for the year ended in June. In contrast, natural gas prices 

decreased in June, falling 5.6 percent following a 20.9-percent drop the previous month. Prices for import 

natural gas declined 78.4 percent from January to June, driving the index down 70.8 percent over the past 12 

months. The 12-month decrease was the largest over-the-year drop since the 12-month percent change series 

was first published in September 1982. 

 

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, July 14, 2023 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-23-1526
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports declined 0.4 percent in June, after being 

unchanged the previous month. Lower prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; 

capital goods; foods, feeds, and beverages; and automotive vehicles all contributed to the overall decline in 

June. Prices for nonfuel imports decreased 1.4 percent for the year ended in June. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 0.3 percent in June following a 

1.3-percent drop in May. Lower prices for fish and shellfish in June more than offset higher prices for fruit 

and meat. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices decreased 1.1 

percent in June following a 0.2-percent decline the previous month. The June drop was led by lower prices 

for unfinished metals and nonmetals related to durable goods. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods import categories were down in June. The price 

index for consumer goods fell 0.3 percent in June following 0.1-percent advances in both May and April. 

Lower household goods prices contributed to the decrease in June. Capital goods prices edged down 0.1 

percent in June, after being unchanged in May. The decline in June was driven by a 0.3-percent drop in 

computer prices. Prices for automotive vehicles fell 0.1 percent in June following a 0.3-percent increase the 

previous month. The June decrease was led by lower prices for parts, engines, bodies, and chassis. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: June 2022 – June 2023

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports declined 0.9 percent in June, after falling 1.9 percent the previous month. 

Lower prices for nonagricultural exports and agricultural exports in June each contributed to the overall 

decrease. U.S. export prices fell 12.0 percent from June 2022 to June 2023, the largest over-the-year decline 

since the 12-month percent change series was first published in September 1984. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports fell 1.6 percent in June following a 2.4-percent 

decline the previous month. Lower prices in June for soybeans, fruit, and nuts more than offset higher meat 

prices. The price index for agricultural exports decreased 9.8 percent for the year ended in June, the largest 

over-the-year decline since a 10.7-percent drop from March 2015 to March 2016. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural prices decreased 0.9 percent in June following a 1.9-

percent drop in May. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials and nonagricultural 

foods in June more than offset higher prices for capital goods, consumer goods, and automotive vehicles. 

Prices for nonagricultural exports declined 12.4 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year

drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published in March 1986. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials declined 2.4 percent in June, after falling 4.6 percent in May. The 7.2-percent drop in the second 

quarter of 2023 was the largest 3-month decrease since January 2023. The June drop was led by lower 

prices for fuels, chemicals, and nonferrous metals. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods export categories were up in June. Capital 

goods prices advanced 0.2 percent, after ticking up 0.1 percent in May. The June increase was driven by a 

1.8-percent rise in the price index for transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles. Prices for 

consumer goods advanced 0.1 percent in June following a 0.2-percent increase the previous month. The 

June rise was led by a 3.9-percent advance in jewelry prices. Automotive vehicles prices rose 0.1 percent for 

the second consecutive month in June. Higher prices for parts, engines, bodies, and chassis contributed to 

the increases in June and May. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 

www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm. 

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Jun'22 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun'23

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China declined 0.4 percent for the third consecutive 

month in June, led by a 0.7-percent decrease in prices for computer and electronic product manufacturing. 

Prices for imports from China have not recorded a monthly advance since October 2022. The price index for 

imports from China decreased 2.3 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since November 

2009. In contrast, import prices from Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in June, after declining 0.2 percent the 

previous month. Prices for imports from Japan advanced 0.6 percent over the past 12 months. The price 

index for imports from Canada fell 0.8 percent in June following a 1.0-percent drop in May. Import prices 

from Canada decreased 21.9 percent for the year ended in June, the largest 12-month decline since a 26.0-

percent drop in May 2020. Prices for imports from the European Union decreased 0.3 percent in June and 

import prices from Mexico increased 0.2 percent over the same period. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 1.1 percent in June, after falling 

2.3 percent the previous month. Export prices to China decreased 14.1 percent over the past 12 months. The 

price index for exports to Japan fell 1.5 percent in June following a 3.1-percent decline in May. Prices for 

exports to Japan decreased 14.3 percent for the year ended in June, the largest over-the-year drop since the 

12-month percent change series was first published in December 2018. Export prices to Canada were 

unchanged in June following a 0.9-percent decline the previous month. The price index for exports to the 

European Union fell 0.5 percent in June and prices for exports to Mexico decreased 0.4 percent over the 

same period. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 0.7 

percent in June, after declining 2.0 percent in May. Lower export prices to China in June more than offset 

lower import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China fell 12.1 percent over the past 

12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published in 

December 2018. U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 1.7 percent in June and fell 14.9 percent over the 

past year. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico declined 0.3 percent 

and 0.5 percent, respectively, in June. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada advanced 0.7 percent in 

June and rose 22.6 percent for the year ended in June. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 10.0 percent in June following an 8.0-percent increase the previous 

month. The June advance was the largest monthly rise in import air passenger fares since June 2022. The 

June 2023 increase was primarily driven by an 11.6-percent advance in European fares. Import air passenger 

fares rose 6.2 percent for the year ended in June. Import air freight prices increased 4.0 percent in June, after 

decreasing 4.0 percent in May. The June advance was led by a 4.7-percent rise in Asian air freight prices. 

Despite the June increase, import air freight prices declined 33.8 percent over the past year. (See table 10.) 

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares advanced 9.3 percent in June following a 5.5-percent drop 

in May. The June increase was the largest 1-month rise since a 12.4-percent advance in January 2023. 

Higher Latin American/Caribbean and European fares primarily drove the June increase. Export air 

passenger fares rose 4.2 percent from June 2022 to June 2023. Export air freight prices fell 4.6 percent in 

June, after declining 3.8 percent the previous month. Prices for export air freight decreased 19.0 percent 

over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the 12-month percent change series was first 

published in December 1997. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for July 2023 are scheduled for release on Tuesday, August

15, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 139.7 139.4 -6.1 -0.8 0.3 -0.4 -0.2

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 84.207 108.6 108.2 -1.5 -0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.4

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 91.720 123.9 123.5 -2.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 91.229 127.9 127.4 -1.4 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 7.022 208.6 207.9 -1.0 -1.0 -0.5 -1.3 -0.3

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 5.576 229.2 229.4 0.3 -1.4 -0.1 -1.4 0.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.446 160.4 157.3 -6.4 0.5 -1.9 -0.9 -1.9

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.670 243.6 242.6 -20.5 -2.5 1.6 -1.7 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 16.498 205.3 202.9 -11.6 -2.4 -0.7 -0.6 -1.2

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 15.913 230.7 228.1 -8.5 -1.5 -0.1 -0.2 -1.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.085 225.6 220.9 -8.5 -1.4 -0.2 0.0 -2.1

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 6.304 181.7 182.2 -15.4 -3.9 -1.3 -1.5 0.3

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 8.771 271.9 274.1 -36.4 -4.4 4.6 -4.3 0.8

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 8.280 293.1 296.2 -35.1 -3.0 5.9 -3.8 1.1

Crude petroleum........................... 10000 5.223 300.2 298.5 -36.9 -1.7 7.9 -2.2 -0.6

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.356 146.8 140.8 -62.5 -23.1 -15.7 -15.3 -4.1

Natural gas.................................. 10110 0.246 118.1 111.5 -70.8 -28.8 -18.9 -20.9 -5.6

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.530 140.9 145.7 6.4 -2.2 -2.8 0.9 3.4

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 5.283 200.0 200.6 -9.8 -1.5 0.4 -0.6 0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.719 187.1 184.9 -15.3 -0.1 -2.5 -0.4 -1.2

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.176 342.9 331.1 -13.2 -3.1 0.2 0.3 -3.4

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 2.362 218.9 217.8 1.3 -0.8 1.4 0.0 -0.5

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.828 127.7 125.2 -2.9 0.3 -1.2 -0.2 -2.0

Capital goods................................... 2 27.894 93.6 93.5 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.755 129.6 129.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.735 84.6 84.5 0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 1.404 152.7 152.6 6.3 0.7 1.0 0.2 -0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 12.867 118.0 117.9 1.6 -0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.547 110.4 110.1 0.1 -0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.3

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.874 125.6 125.5 0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 13.666 95.6 95.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.006 129.5 126.5 -4.3 -4.4 1.1 0.1 -2.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 148.1 146.7 -12.0 -0.4 -0.1 -1.9 -0.9

Agricultural commodities....................... 11.044 243.2 239.3 -9.8 -1.8 0.4 -2.4 -1.6

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 74.395 115.1 114.5 -1.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.5

All exports excluding fuels (June

2022=100)........................................ 84.563 99.9 99.3 -0.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.6

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 88.956 140.8 139.6 -12.4 -0.2 -0.1 -1.9 -0.9

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 10.169 245.7 241.4 -9.5 -2.0 0.4 -2.4 -1.8

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 9.760 247.8 243.6 -9.4 -1.9 0.5 -2.4 -1.7

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.409 206.1 198.5 -12.1 -2.7 -3.6 -0.6 -3.7

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 37.717 197.3 192.7 -26.4 -0.8 -0.4 -4.5 -2.3

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.176 215.6 211.6 -5.5 -1.0 1.3 -0.6 -1.9

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 26.541 187.7 183.0 -32.3 -0.7 -1.1 -6.1 -2.5

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.284 221.9 220.0 -12.5 -1.1 -0.6 -1.8 -0.9

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 36.433 196.6 191.9 -26.8 -0.8 -0.4 -4.6 -2.4

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 15.437 226.7 220.0 -42.4 -1.1 -1.1 -10.2 -3.0

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 20.184 198.9 195.0 -8.1 -0.5 0.2 0.0 -2.0

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.812 148.3 146.2 -14.4 0.0 -1.4 -0.3 -1.4

Capital goods................................... 2 30.979 121.1 121.4 2.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.466 137.6 137.4 4.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.704 101.6 101.6 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 4.809 206.9 210.7 7.6 0.4 0.7 0.0 1.8

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 8.219 123.6 123.7 2.5 0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.917 119.6 119.7 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.824 110.9 110.9 0.8 -0.1 0.5 0.2 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.813 119.4 119.9 5.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.280 131.5 130.4 3.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: June 2022 to June 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.031 142.6 141.1 -31.9 -4.2 4.6 -3.6 -1.1

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.108 209.2 207.0 -3.0 -4.6 -0.1 -2.9 -1.1

Crop production............................... 111 1.674 216.1 214.2 -5.1 -5.7 -0.8 -2.4 -0.9

Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)........ 112 0.261 110.9 108.7 – -3.3 3.5 -5.2 -2.0

Mining............................................ 21 5.923 138.1 136.8 -38.2 -4.1 6.4 -3.8 -0.9

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 5.610 135.4 134.1 -39.8 -4.2 5.7 -3.4 -1.0

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2022=100)................................... 212 0.313 125.5 123.4 – -1.6 18.2 -11.8 -1.7

Manufacturing..................................... 91.585 122.5 122.3 -2.6 -0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.475 139.3 139.0 0.4 -0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.269 189.1 188.2 -0.3 -0.4 0.8 -0.4 -0.5

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.179 139.9 139.8 4.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.223 119.3 119.1 1.7 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.2

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.371 126.7 126.9 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 19.883 142.9 143.6 -9.7 -1.3 0.1 -0.8 0.5

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.974 123.3 125.0 1.9 -1.3 -1.4 0.4 1.4

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.870 132.6 138.5 -28.9 -5.2 3.2 -6.6 4.4

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 11.232 152.1 152.1 -5.9 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.664 134.8 134.4 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.8 -0.3

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.070 145.0 144.0 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.7

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 60.227 113.1 112.7 -0.5 -0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.4

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.996 232.5 226.0 -9.0 -3.0 0.4 0.6 -2.8

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.339 149.5 148.9 -1.6 0.0 0.3 -0.2 -0.4

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.743 131.9 131.7 3.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 -0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.807 72.9 72.7 -1.8 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.989 127.7 127.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 13.058 117.0 116.9 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 2.019 129.2 129.5 2.7 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 6.277 128.4 128.1 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: June 2022 to June 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 14.372 170.9 163.3 -36.8 -2.6 -0.2 -7.7 -4.4

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.548 208.8 202.8 -17.7 -3.0 0.2 -3.7 -2.9

Crop production............................... 111 5.234 221.9 215.4 -18.1 -3.1 0.3 -3.8 -2.9

Mining............................................ 21 8.824 100.7 95.3 -45.4 -2.4 -0.4 -10.1 -5.4

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100). .. 211 7.360 86.7 82.5 -47.9 -3.2 -0.9 -10.6 -4.8

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.465 148.5 136.0 -24.6 2.1 2.0 -7.0 -8.4

Manufacturing..................................... 83.879 134.0 133.6 -5.8 0.0 0.0 -0.9 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 7.018 174.2 173.5 -2.7 -0.8 0.2 -0.9 -0.4

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 5.176 204.9 204.3 -3.0 -1.1 0.2 -1.0 -0.3

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.552 148.4 144.5 -1.9 0.0 0.7 -1.3 -2.6

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 26.218 136.2 135.3 -18.0 0.4 -0.8 -2.7 -0.7

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.412 116.7 114.6 -19.9 0.0 -1.0 -0.1 -1.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.579 146.5 143.8 -4.4 -2.4 -3.2 -2.5 -1.8

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.326 144.0 144.4 -39.6 0.9 -1.8 -10.9 0.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 14.655 135.9 134.4 -7.1 0.4 -0.1 0.6 -1.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.288 133.2 132.9 1.8 0.2 -0.4 0.2 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.763 130.9 130.9 -3.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 50.642 128.9 128.9 1.7 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.434 208.7 204.7 -8.3 -3.1 3.0 -0.5 -1.9

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.563 149.1 149.1 5.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 12.951 83.6 83.5 -1.6 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.599 135.9 135.7 4.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 12.075 142.4 143.5 4.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.966 138.5 138.7 4.8 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.569 236.2 233.6 -1.8 -0.3 1.3 -1.7 -1.1

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.405 321.4 325.9 -4.9 1.0 4.7 2.1 1.4

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.813 156.6 151.5 -8.2 1.0 -3.3 -1.8 -3.3

Vegetable products............................... II 2.141 245.7 243.3 -3.0 -4.0 0.0 -2.1 -1.0

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.527 471.6 461.8 10.3 -1.8 -3.4 4.5 -2.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.727 115.3 116.1 -9.2 -4.9 -0.4 -7.4 0.7

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.396 306.2 304.4 -5.3 0.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.6

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.381 146.5 144.5 -9.9 -2.8 1.2 -1.2 -1.4

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.368 194.8 195.4 4.4 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.3

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2021=100)..................................... 17 0.214 114.3 114.0 8.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 -0.3

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.239 118.4 121.3 19.3 2.1 5.3 -2.8 2.4

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 21 0.393 97.8 98.2 – 0.5 -3.2 0.5 0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.113 153.7 153.4 3.7 0.9 0.3 0.2 -0.2

Mineral products.................................. V 8.907 279.9 282.3 -35.7 -4.4 5.3 -4.8 0.9

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.518 271.3 273.9 -36.9 -4.6 4.8 -4.5 1.0

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.688 173.7 173.4 -3.5 -1.0 -0.2 0.3 -0.2

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.630 519.2 518.9 -6.9 -3.0 -1.1 0.1 -0.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.427 147.0 146.7 -4.7 -1.3 -0.2 0.6 -0.2

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.282 148.5 148.3 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100).................... 31 0.374 69.8 70.6 – -9.9 -5.8 -0.9 1.1

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)............. 32 0.208 102.9 102.0 – -1.1 -1.4 2.2 -0.9

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.847 122.6 121.2 2.7 -0.9 -0.2 0.9 -1.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.176 158.5 158.7 -2.2 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.721 158.2 158.4 -4.4 1.1 0.3 -0.4 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.455 162.1 162.6 2.5 -0.1 0.6 0.7 0.3

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.970 129.4 132.0 1.4 -1.1 -2.2 0.7 2.0

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.452 121.2 121.0 0.7 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.228 127.4 127.0 0.7 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.3

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.203 126.6 126.8 0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 0.953 123.4 123.7 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.937 137.9 137.5 2.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 -0.3

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.345 102.9 102.9 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)....... 70 0.326 107.1 106.7 4.8 0.7 1.9 0.8 -0.4

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.387 237.9 232.2 -1.3 -4.4 2.6 1.6 -2.4

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June

2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 6.349 236.9 233.3 -8.2 -0.2 -0.7 -0.5 -1.5

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.899 206.1 202.8 -2.0 0.4 0.1 -0.7 -1.6

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.541 378.0 370.3 -11.3 -0.3 -1.4 -2.8 -2.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.077 191.6 190.2 -9.7 -2.7 -0.6 -0.3 -0.7

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.449 131.9 131.9 1.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.552 148.4 147.5 -3.1 -0.1 -1.2 -0.3 -0.6

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.992 82.7 82.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.270 89.6 89.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.722 76.2 76.1 -0.7 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 10.873 121.6 121.6 1.8 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 10.246 120.7 120.6 1.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.1

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 0.516 108.3 108.0 4.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.152 108.0 108.0 2.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.0

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.863 103.7 103.7 2.3 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.850 120.3 120.3 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.758 127.6 127.7 1.7 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.791 106.7 106.6 0.9 0.2 -0.2 0.3 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.301 147.3 147.3 8.9 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.104 262.8 259.9 -10.5 -2.0 -0.3 -0.5 -1.1

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.346 218.2 220.2 -6.0 1.8 1.7 1.3 0.9

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100).............. 03 0.262 88.0 83.2 – -4.4 -5.3 -0.9 -5.5

Vegetable products............................... II 5.309 277.4 269.2 -15.8 -2.9 0.6 -4.0 -3.0

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.871 143.7 137.2 -6.5 0.6 0.8 3.5 -4.5

Cereals............................................ 10 1.887 302.8 300.8 -19.5 -4.7 1.4 -7.1 -0.7

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.053 297.3 278.5 -19.7 -2.5 -0.7 -3.8 -6.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.070 187.7 187.6 3.5 -0.4 0.6 -0.9 -0.1

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.680 117.1 117.3 9.3 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.477 109.5 109.3 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.799 311.8 305.8 -5.8 -3.1 1.8 -3.4 -1.9

Mineral products.................................. V 15.203 271.2 263.0 -43.0 -1.1 -0.9 -10.4 -3.0

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.523 138.1 131.2 -10.9 0.1 1.9 -5.3 -5.0

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 14.457 258.4 250.7 -44.1 -1.1 -1.0 -10.7 -3.0

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 13.097 164.6 163.3 -1.8 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 -0.8

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.495 108.3 108.3 1.3 -0.1 0.7 0.5 0.0

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.879 149.2 149.4 6.9 -0.1 1.4 0.0 0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.479 136.3 136.3 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.328 192.8 192.9 3.4 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.645 159.5 157.7 -10.9 0.9 -0.4 -0.2 -1.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 3.844 157.1 155.2 -12.7 1.0 -0.4 -0.3 -1.2

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.801 168.9 167.9 0.5 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.6

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.482 109.3 106.4 -23.9 -0.1 -2.4 -0.5 -2.7

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.714 145.0 142.8 -8.8 -2.9 -3.0 -2.6 -1.5

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.491 145.8 141.1 -25.0 -1.3 -12.0 -6.6 -3.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.981 146.9 145.5 0.6 -4.6 1.8 -1.2 -1.0

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.513 158.6 163.2 -22.9 -3.8 -1.9 -1.7 2.9

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.746 146.4 146.4 -0.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.456 111.0 111.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.788 325.5 318.6 -3.4 -3.1 3.2 0.3 -2.1

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.589 212.7 209.7 -4.6 0.9 0.0 -0.9 -1.4

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.597 263.4 255.9 -12.0 -4.9 1.3 -2.9 -2.8

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.690 147.7 145.4 -5.9 -0.3 -1.3 -0.3 -1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June

2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 83 0.320 101.7 101.8 – 2.7 0.1 0.2 0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 26.079 106.4 106.7 2.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.079 129.5 130.3 4.3 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.6

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 10.999 82.2 82.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 9.123 150.0 150.0 2.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 6.871 124.7 124.7 1.1 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.638 117.1 117.1 2.7 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.224 136.7 136.9 6.0 -0.3 0.4 0.0 0.1

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi.......................... 94 0.585 149.9 149.9 -0.2 -0.5 0.8 0.0 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.494 118.3 118.6 17.8 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: June 2022 to June 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 145.1 144.4 -8.4 -0.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.889 245.3 241.7 -37.0 -2.3 6.3 -1.3 -1.5

Manufacturing................................ 88.553 136.9 136.5 -2.6 -0.6 0.3 0.1 -0.3

Canada.......................................... 100.000 172.2 170.9 -21.9 -1.1 0.9 -1.0 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 30.945 241.1 237.7 -38.4 -2.3 6.5 -1.4 -1.4

Manufacturing................................ 68.062 157.2 156.7 -10.7 -0.8 -1.4 -0.8 -0.3

European Union............................... 100.000 155.9 155.5 0.3 -0.4 0.5 0.4 -0.3

Manufacturing................................ 99.212 151.6 151.3 0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.4 -0.2

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 151.2 151.9 4.5 0.1 3.1 0.3 0.5

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 125.3 124.7 1.0 -1.0 -0.3 0.6 -0.5

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 136.4 135.5 -2.5 -1.0 1.8 -0.3 -0.7

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 168.3 168.5 -4.5 -0.1 0.4 -0.8 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.352 305.3 305.0 -24.4 -3.5 3.3 -3.8 -0.1

Manufacturing................................ 86.383 137.3 137.5 0.2 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.1

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 142.4 142.7 -1.7 -0.2 0.6 0.0 0.2

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.203 154.4 157.3 -24.5 -2.8 4.3 -0.1 1.9

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.535 98.1 98.2 1.9 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 103.1 102.8 -2.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 102.3 101.9 -2.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.8 100.9 0.6 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.1

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 110.4 110.1 -1.9 0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 94.9 95.0 -6.2 -0.4 -0.8 -1.0 0.1

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 102.2 101.8 -4.1 -0.3 0.0 -1.1 -0.4

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 214.2 214.2 -21.4 -1.8 1.6 -2.5 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: June 2022 to June 2023

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 119.1 118.7 -6.8 0.1 0.1 -1.5 -0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.896 130.2 126.8 -34.2 -0.9 0.1 -10.0 -2.6

Manufacturing................................ 86.185 118.0 118.0 -0.8 0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.0

Canada.......................................... 100.000 127.6 127.6 -4.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.9 0.0

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 7.307 127.8 124.7 -36.6 -2.0 1.3 -5.9 -2.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 90.927 119.9 120.1 0.3 0.7 -0.7 -0.5 0.2

European Union............................... 100.000 116.5 115.9 -7.8 0.2 1.1 -1.9 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.920 131.4 128.0 -30.7 -0.2 4.8 -9.9 -2.6

Manufacturing................................ 83.084 113.3 113.4 -1.4 0.3 0.4 -0.4 0.1

Germany........................................ 100.000 116.7 116.3 1.5 0.0 1.2 -0.2 -0.3

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 122.0 121.5 -20.2 -0.4 -0.6 -2.9 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.898 133.9 128.5 -50.6 -1.9 -3.7 -7.8 -4.0

Manufacturing................................ 90.458 121.4 121.3 -15.1 -0.2 -0.3 -2.3 -0.1

Mexico........................................... 100.000 122.8 122.3 -16.7 0.2 -0.2 -2.0 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.656 115.4 110.8 -56.2 -0.3 -5.9 -6.6 -4.0

Manufacturing................................ 91.702 124.4 124.3 -10.5 0.2 0.2 -1.6 -0.1

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 113.8 112.7 -10.2 -0.8 0.3 -2.3 -1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 21.100 120.9 116.1 -30.7 -2.6 1.5 -8.3 -4.0

Manufacturing................................ 77.622 113.5 113.5 -1.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.0

China............................................ 100.000 109.3 108.1 -14.1 -0.4 -0.4 -2.3 -1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 27.975 112.1 108.7 -31.3 -1.8 1.4 -6.6 -3.0

Manufacturing................................ 70.925 110.7 110.2 -3.3 0.1 -1.0 -0.4 -0.5

Japan............................................ 100.000 113.0 111.3 -14.3 -1.1 -0.7 -3.1 -1.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 24.536 124.3 118.5 -37.5 -1.7 -1.0 -11.8 -4.7

Manufacturing................................ 74.096 109.8 109.5 -1.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: June 2022 to June 20231

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.5 100.6 1.7 0.9 -0.9 -1.3 0.1

Canada.................................................. 97.4 98.1 22.6 1.5 -1.3 0.1 0.7

European Union...................................... 100.6 100.3 -8.1 0.6 0.7 -2.2 -0.3

Germany................................................ 107.2 107.3 0.5 1.0 1.5 -0.7 0.1

Latin America3

........................................ 107.9 107.4 -16.4 -0.4 -0.9 -2.2 -0.5

Mexico.................................................. 111.2 110.6 -15.3 0.4 -0.9 -2.0 -0.5

Pacific Rim4............................................ 108.6 107.9 -7.9 -0.4 0.6 -2.2 -0.6

China.................................................... 106.9 106.2 -12.1 0.0 0.1 -2.0 -0.7

Japan.................................................... 107.1 105.3 -14.9 -0.7 -1.0 -2.9 -1.7

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: June 2022

to June 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

May

20231

Index Percent change

May

2023

Jun.

2023

Annual Monthly

Jun.

2022 to

Jun.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

May

2023 to

Jun.

2023

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 229.9 239.0 -33.8 -2.8 2.8 -4.0 4.0

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 29.643 224.1 226.7 -26.6 -5.0 -14.6 1.9 1.2

Asia.................................................. 69.872 214.9 225.0 -36.8 -2.0 12.0 -5.6 4.7

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 180.0 171.8 -19.0 -6.8 -1.2 -3.8 -4.6

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 24.731 138.0 137.5 -19.9 -1.5 -2.8 -4.8 -0.4

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 52.662 140.6 131.3 -21.9 -8.7 -1.0 -4.3 -6.6

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 164.9 168.2 -36.0 -4.8 -1.0 -3.0 2.0

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 30.555 161.9 163.6 -19.0 -2.7 -10.8 1.5 1.1

Asia.................................................. 58.274 147.2 148.8 -45.2 -7.1 4.5 -3.3 1.1

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 175.0 176.8 -22.4 -7.6 -6.0 -4.9 1.0

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.913 169.2 168.9 -16.7 -3.9 -7.7 -3.1 -0.2

Asia.................................................. 53.775 188.8 193.2 -25.8 -10.5 -5.7 -7.1 2.3

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 184.4 202.9 6.2 1.9 -5.4 8.0 10.0

Europe............................................... 47.508 216.7 241.9 13.0 1.6 -2.3 14.5 11.6

Asia.................................................. 5.887 185.0 199.0 -8.0 -1.5 3.6 6.3 7.6

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 14.926 151.4 161.0 2.9 5.7 -5.7 -9.5 6.3

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 181.2 198.0 4.2 6.4 0.6 -5.5 9.3

Europe............................................... 21.091 223.1 262.9 15.1 2.1 -1.9 5.8 17.8

Asia.................................................. 12.173 201.4 214.8 5.9 -8.7 8.1 3.7 6.7

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 53.167 179.7 193.4 2.8 12.4 1.6 -13.0 7.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

16
17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
18 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at https://subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

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