U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – OCTOBER 2023

U.S. import prices declined 0.8 percent in October, after increasing 0.4 percent in September, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower fuel and nonfuel prices contributed to the decrease. Prices 

for U.S. exports fell 1.1 percent in October following a 0.5-percent rise the previous month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: October 2022 – October 2023

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports fell 0.8 percent in October, the first monthly drop since June 2023. The 

October decrease was the largest 1-month decline since the index fell 0.8 percent in March 2023. Prices for 

U.S. imports decreased 2.0 percent for the year ended October 2023. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel declined 6.3 percent in October, after advancing 6.3 percent the 

previous month. The October drop was the first 1-month decrease since May 2023 and the largest monthly 

decline since a 6.3-percent drop in September 2022. Lower prices in October for both petroleum and natural 

gas contributed to the decrease in fuel prices. The price index for import fuel fell 11.2 percent from October 

2022 to October 2023. Import petroleum prices declined 6.5 percent in October following a 6.8-percent 

increase in September and an 8.9-percent advance in August. The October decrease was the largest 1-month 

drop since January 2023. Import petroleum prices fell 9.6 percent over the past year. Prices for import 

natural gas decreased 5.3 percent in October, after declining 6.7 percent the previous month. Natural gas 

prices fell 49.9 percent for the year ended in October. 

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, November 16, 2023 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-23-2424
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices declined 0.2 percent for the third consecutive month in 

October. Prices for nonfuel imports have not recorded a monthly advance since a 0.4-percent increase in 

February 2023. Lower prices in October for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; capital goods; foods, 

feeds, and beverages; and consumer goods more than offset higher prices for automotive vehicles. The price 

index for nonfuel imports fell 0.9 percent over the past 12 months. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for import foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 0.6 percent in 

October, after declining 0.4 percent the previous month. Lower prices in October for fish and shellfish were 

the largest contributor to the decline in foods, feeds, and beverages prices. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.5 percent 

in October and have not increased on a monthly basis since February 2023. Lower prices in October for 

both finished and unfinished metals led the decline in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods import categories were mixed in October. Import 

capital goods prices declined 0.2 percent, after being unchanged in September. The October drop was the 

largest monthly decrease since November 2019. Lower prices for computers, peripherals, and 

semiconductors led the October drop in capital goods prices. Consumer goods prices edged down 0.1 

percent in October and have not recorded a 1-month advance since May 2023. In contrast, the price index 

for automotive vehicles rose 0.3 percent in October following a 0.1-percent increase the previous month. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: October 2022 – October 2023

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports fell 1.1 percent in October following a 0.5-percent increase in September. The 

decline in October was the largest monthly drop since a 2.1-percent decrease in May 2023. Lower prices for 

nonagricultural and agricultural exports each contributed to the October decline. U.S. export prices fell 4.9 

percent for the year ended in October. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Export agricultural prices declined 1.1 percent in October, after falling 1.2 percent 

the previous month. Lower prices in October for soybeans more than offset higher prices for corn and meat. 

The price index for agricultural exports declined 8.5 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month 

decrease since June 2023. Export agricultural prices last rose on an over-the-year basis in February 2023. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports fell 1.0 percent in October 

following a 0.7-percent increase in September. The October decline was the largest 1-month decrease since 

the index fell 2.1 percent in May 2023. Lower prices in October for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials, consumer goods, and nonagricultural foods more than offset higher prices for capital goods and 

automotive vehicles. Prices for nonagricultural exports declined 4.5 percent over the past year. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

fell 2.5 percent in October, the largest 1-month drop since the index declined 5.0 percent in May 2023. 

Lower fuel prices in October drove the overall decrease in nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials 

prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods export categories were mixed in October. Prices for 

export capital goods advanced 0.2 percent following 0.1-percent increases in September and August. Capital 

goods prices have not recorded a monthly decline since November 2022. The price index for automotive 

vehicles rose 0.2 percent in October, after advancing 1.0 percent the previous month. Higher prices for 

vehicles designed to transport goods drove the October rise in automotive vehicles prices. In contrast, export 

consumer goods prices declined 0.3 percent for the third consecutive month in October. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 

www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm. 

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1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China were unchanged in October, after edging down 

0.1 percent the previous month. Prices for imports from China have not increased on a monthly basis since 

October 2022. The price index for imports from China decreased 2.8 percent over the past year, the largest 

12-month decline since October 2009. Import prices from Japan rose 0.4 percent in October, the largest 

monthly advance since rising 0.5 percent in July 2023. Prices for imports from Japan increased 0.6 percent 

for the year ended October 2023. The price index for imports from Canada decreased 2.3 percent in October 

following a 1.4-percent advance in September. The October drop was the largest monthly decline since a 

4.0-percent decrease in February 2023. Import prices from Canada fell 6.7 percent over the past 12 months. 

Prices for imports from Mexico declined 0.6 percent in October and import prices from the European Union 

declined 0.3 percent over the same period. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China declined 0.9 percent in October, after rising 0.6 

percent in September. Prices for exports to China also decreased on a 12-month basis in October, falling 4.8 

percent. The price index for exports to Japan fell 0.4 percent in October following 0.1-percent declines in 

each of the 2 previous months. Export prices to Japan decreased 8.8 percent from October 2022 to October 

2023. In contrast, prices for exports to Canada ticked up 0.1 percent in October, after increasing 0.3 percent 

in September. Despite the recent advances, export prices to Canada declined 0.8 percent over the past year. 

Prices for exports to Mexico and the European Union fell in October, decreasing 1.3 percent and 0.8 

percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 0.9 

percent in October, after rising 0.7 percent in September. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 

declined 2.1 percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 0.8 percent in October 

following consecutive 0.1-percent declines in each of the past 2 months. Lower export prices to Japan and 

higher import prices from Japan each contributed to the decline. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 9.3 

percent over the past year. In contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with Canada rose 2.3 percent in 

October, the largest monthly increase since February 2023. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the 

European Union decreased 0.6 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively, in October. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 2.5 percent in October following a 9.9-percent increase the 

previous month. The October rise was led by higher Latin American/Caribbean and Asian fares, which more 

than offset lower European fares. Despite the recent advances, import air passenger fares declined 5.2 

percent over the past year. Import air freight prices ticked up 0.1 percent in October, after increasing 4.1 

percent in September. Higher Asian and European air freight prices drove the October advance. In spite of 

the recent increases, import air freight prices fell 18.4 percent for the year ended in October. (See table 10.) 

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares declined 0.6 percent in October, after falling 4.5 percent 

in September and 8.8 percent in August. Lower European and Asian fares in October more than offset 

higher Latin American/Caribbean fares. Export air passenger fares decreased 6.2 percent from October 2022 

to October 2023. Prices for export air freight fell 2.6 percent in October following a 1.0-percent advance in 

September. The decline in October was the largest 1-month drop since a 2.8-percent decrease in June 2023. 

Lower Asian and European air freight prices in October each contributed to the drop in export air freight 

prices. Export air freight prices fell 11.3 percent over the past 12 months. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for November 2023 are scheduled for release on Thursday, 

December 14, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to

October 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 140.9 139.8 -2.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 -0.8

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.677 107.6 107.4 -1.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 90.191 123.1 122.9 -1.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.801 126.9 126.7 -0.9 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 7.125 213.4 212.1 3.9 2.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.6

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 5.731 237.6 236.7 6.3 2.7 0.5 -0.2 -0.4

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.394 155.9 153.5 -5.1 -0.5 0.7 -1.3 -1.5

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 25.309 252.1 244.9 -8.9 -0.5 2.7 1.9 -2.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 15.717 197.6 196.3 -9.0 -1.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.7

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 15.124 221.1 219.9 -7.6 -1.3 -0.9 -0.8 -0.5

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.546 215.4 212.9 -6.1 -1.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.2

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.954 177.0 177.3 -12.8 -0.6 -0.7 -1.0 0.2

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.199 318.9 298.9 -11.2 1.2 8.8 6.3 -6.3

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 9.809 345.6 323.3 -9.6 0.8 8.9 6.8 -6.5

Crude petroleum........................... 10000 6.278 359.2 339.0 -3.2 3.4 8.8 8.1 -5.6

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.390 160.0 152.8 -42.8 9.3 9.4 -5.0 -4.5

Natural gas.................................. 10110 0.282 134.6 127.4 -49.9 13.7 13.4 -6.7 -5.3

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.508 136.2 138.1 -9.6 -1.5 -2.4 -2.8 1.4

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 5.056 193.0 193.8 -10.2 -1.3 -1.4 -0.4 0.4

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.728 189.7 188.1 -5.6 1.7 0.3 -0.7 -0.8

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.751 310.6 308.0 -10.2 -3.5 -1.4 -1.2 -0.8

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 2.312 216.1 212.1 -1.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.5 -1.9

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.755 123.7 122.1 -4.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 -1.3

Capital goods................................... 2 27.574 93.4 93.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.731 129.9 129.6 0.9 -0.2 0.4 0.2 -0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.449 84.2 84.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 1.395 153.0 152.9 3.9 0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 12.830 118.7 119.0 1.6 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.3

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.163 109.8 109.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.707 125.0 125.0 0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 13.507 95.3 95.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 0.949 123.1 123.0 -5.2 -2.1 -0.7 0.1 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to

October 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 150.0 148.4 -4.9 0.3 1.2 0.5 -1.1

Agricultural commodities....................... 10.489 233.2 230.6 -8.5 0.5 -2.1 -1.2 -1.1

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 72.705 113.9 113.6 0.3 -0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.3

All exports excluding fuels (June

2022=100)........................................ 82.271 98.7 98.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 89.511 143.5 142.1 -4.5 0.4 1.6 0.7 -1.0

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 9.566 234.0 231.4 -9.1 0.6 -2.4 -1.6 -1.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 9.198 236.4 233.8 -8.7 0.7 -2.5 -1.5 -1.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.368 187.9 187.0 -16.9 -2.5 -1.2 -2.8 -0.5

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 38.778 205.4 200.3 -12.0 0.7 3.7 1.6 -2.5

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.670 208.4 205.4 -2.2 -1.7 0.0 0.0 -1.4

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 28.108 201.3 195.6 -14.8 1.7 5.2 2.2 -2.8

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.260 220.6 218.8 -6.7 -1.0 1.3 0.4 -0.8

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 37.517 204.9 199.8 -12.1 0.8 3.8 1.6 -2.5

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 17.729 263.7 252.5 -19.3 4.8 8.3 3.7 -4.2

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 18.987 189.4 187.5 -4.3 -2.4 0.3 -0.2 -1.0

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.802 148.1 148.9 -4.3 -0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5

Capital goods................................... 2 30.696 121.5 121.7 2.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.391 136.3 136.6 2.0 -0.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.446 101.7 101.9 1.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 4.859 211.7 211.6 6.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 8.254 125.7 126.0 3.4 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.706 119.1 118.7 1.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.708 110.4 110.2 1.3 0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.776 120.0 118.9 2.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.9

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.223 127.2 127.2 -0.9 -0.7 -1.0 -0.8 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2022 to October 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.143 163.5 156.6 -2.6 3.2 6.8 5.6 -4.2

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.241 224.1 220.6 10.2 4.8 0.7 1.7 -1.6

Crop production............................... 111 1.796 233.5 230.7 9.7 4.9 0.6 2.2 -1.2

Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)........ 112 0.271 115.9 112.3 – 5.8 2.2 -1.9 -3.1

Mining............................................ 21 6.902 162.2 153.9 -6.1 2.7 8.9 7.1 -5.1

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 6.625 161.1 152.4 -7.0 3.6 9.2 7.3 -5.4

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2022=100)................................... 212 0.276 111.6 114.0 – -14.4 4.3 1.2 2.2

Manufacturing..................................... 90.530 122.0 121.5 -2.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.4

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.276 137.9 137.9 -0.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.7 0.0

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.139 184.8 185.1 -1.0 -0.4 0.4 -2.0 0.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.181 141.2 141.1 5.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.1

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.181 118.7 118.7 -0.8 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.365 127.2 127.2 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 19.928 144.3 142.1 -7.0 -0.9 0.9 0.5 -1.5

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.945 120.4 121.5 -6.5 -0.7 -1.2 -1.9 0.9

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 3.307 153.9 140.5 -19.3 -3.1 9.1 4.8 -8.7

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.911 148.9 149.3 -5.0 -0.9 -0.6 -0.3 0.3

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.620 133.5 132.1 -1.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -1.0

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.063 145.1 144.9 2.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.326 112.3 112.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.605 215.9 212.8 -8.7 -2.0 -1.1 -1.3 -1.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.264 147.3 146.7 -1.9 -0.6 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.688 131.9 131.4 3.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.4

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.592 72.5 72.5 -2.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.936 127.5 127.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 13.037 117.7 117.9 1.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 2.003 129.2 129.2 0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 6.200 127.8 127.7 1.4 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2022 to October 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 15.049 181.4 176.9 -18.3 4.2 1.3 2.2 -2.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.050 192.8 189.4 -14.5 1.9 -4.2 -2.5 -1.8

Crop production............................... 111 4.726 203.2 199.6 -15.5 1.8 -4.5 -2.8 -1.8

Mining............................................ 21 9.999 115.7 112.4 -20.4 5.6 4.6 4.8 -2.9

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100). .. 211 8.714 104.1 100.2 -22.2 7.0 5.8 5.6 -3.7

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.285 132.1 135.5 -3.8 -2.0 -2.2 -0.2 2.6

Manufacturing..................................... 83.321 134.9 133.9 -2.4 -0.2 1.1 0.2 -0.7

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.852 172.5 171.5 -4.3 -0.7 0.1 -0.2 -0.6

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 5.086 204.1 202.6 -5.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.7

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.516 140.8 141.7 -0.8 -3.2 0.5 0.1 0.6

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 26.543 139.8 137.3 -8.1 -0.1 3.7 0.6 -1.8

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.403 115.8 116.3 -6.1 -0.7 0.5 1.2 0.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.473 138.6 138.2 -11.4 1.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.3

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 7.409 171.0 161.4 -18.0 2.8 14.7 2.5 -5.6

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 14.024 131.8 131.4 -3.2 -1.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.3

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.279 134.5 134.1 2.4 0.3 0.1 0.5 -0.3

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.763 132.6 132.7 2.0 0.9 0.2 -0.2 0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 49.927 128.9 128.6 1.3 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.146 197.9 191.1 -8.7 -2.2 -0.5 -0.8 -3.4

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.519 150.5 150.6 4.7 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 12.697 83.1 83.2 -1.5 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.525 135.0 135.0 2.5 0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 12.149 145.3 145.6 4.8 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.886 138.2 138.1 2.6 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to

October 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.543 234.2 229.7 -0.5 0.8 1.4 -2.1 -1.9

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.406 324.6 324.6 1.0 2.8 0.1 -3.3 0.0

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.762 148.1 144.0 -9.4 -1.5 1.3 -2.0 -2.8

Vegetable products............................... II 2.182 252.4 250.1 5.0 3.2 0.2 -0.7 -0.9

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.596 538.1 524.9 8.4 10.5 -0.6 2.7 -2.5

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.763 121.9 122.6 16.9 5.9 -1.0 0.2 0.6

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.376 293.3 287.3 -8.9 -2.5 1.3 -1.4 -2.0

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.376 145.8 147.4 -3.7 -0.9 4.1 -2.3 1.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.379 197.1 197.6 4.2 0.5 0.4 -0.1 0.3

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2021=100)..................................... 17 0.217 117.0 120.3 11.3 0.1 1.0 0.5 2.8

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.253 126.2 127.3 24.6 2.1 1.1 1.0 0.9

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 21 0.389 97.6 98.9 – -0.5 0.1 -0.2 1.3

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.112 155.0 154.9 5.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 -0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 10.316 327.0 306.4 -10.9 0.7 8.8 6.3 -6.3

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.981 320.6 299.3 -11.6 1.3 9.1 6.4 -6.6

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.418 170.7 171.3 -2.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.4

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.611 507.9 514.3 -6.3 -1.8 -3.1 3.0 1.3

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.339 142.9 144.2 -0.6 -1.1 -0.6 0.6 0.9

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.192 147.2 147.0 0.5 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100).................... 31 0.332 62.6 63.4 – -4.8 10.2 -10.7 1.3

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)............. 32 0.206 103.0 102.0 – -1.0 1.9 0.1 -1.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.809 118.2 118.3 -1.3 -1.2 -0.5 0.0 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.057 155.3 154.7 -3.4 -0.4 -1.1 -0.4 -0.4

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.618 153.6 152.3 -6.4 -0.6 -1.5 -0.6 -0.8

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.440 161.8 162.4 2.7 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.4

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.940 126.5 127.6 -6.9 -1.0 -1.5 -1.8 0.9

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.386 120.4 120.2 -0.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.210 126.5 126.5 -0.8 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.196 126.9 126.9 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 0.948 123.8 123.8 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.926 137.4 137.1 2.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.339 101.9 101.8 -0.5 0.0 0.0 -1.0 -0.1

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)....... 70 0.326 108.0 107.8 6.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.142 222.6 216.9 -5.9 -4.1 0.9 -0.9 -2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to

October 2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 6.079 228.7 227.6 -4.0 -0.3 -1.2 -0.9 -0.5

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.804 197.4 196.1 -3.8 0.0 -0.9 -1.9 -0.7

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.523 368.3 358.4 3.4 0.3 2.2 -3.2 -2.7

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.041 186.6 186.4 0.2 -0.1 -1.8 0.1 -0.1

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.446 132.3 132.0 1.8 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.541 146.7 144.5 -4.6 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -1.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.664 82.5 82.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.156 89.7 89.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.508 75.8 75.9 -0.8 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 10.838 122.3 122.5 1.2 0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 10.326 121.4 121.7 1.4 0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.2

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 0.512 107.2 107.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.135 108.5 108.5 3.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.838 103.9 104.1 2.8 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.810 120.3 120.1 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.732 127.5 127.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 0.2 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.779 106.8 106.5 0.1 -0.5 0.7 0.1 -0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.299 147.8 147.6 8.4 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to

October 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.047 259.4 260.8 -7.2 -1.0 -0.3 0.6 0.5

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.286 219.6 222.2 -1.1 0.4 0.5 -0.9 1.2

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100).............. 03 0.216 76.2 75.4 – -3.8 -2.3 -4.2 -1.0

Vegetable products............................... II 4.780 253.6 248.0 -14.3 1.8 -4.9 -2.8 -2.2

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.777 130.9 133.2 1.6 -4.1 -1.8 1.1 1.8

Cereals............................................ 10 1.559 255.4 257.9 -25.7 -4.1 -6.8 -5.3 1.0

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.903 281.4 263.7 -12.7 10.5 -5.8 -3.3 -6.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.992 185.6 184.2 -2.2 -1.0 0.2 -0.5 -0.8

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.680 119.0 117.8 7.2 0.4 0.5 -0.4 -1.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.464 108.0 108.1 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.6 0.1

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.719 284.7 281.8 -18.8 -4.7 -0.2 -1.7 -1.0

Mineral products.................................. V 17.466 316.3 303.6 -19.3 4.6 8.7 3.8 -4.0

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.462 123.9 127.8 7.8 -7.2 2.7 -1.0 3.1

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 16.784 304.6 291.6 -20.1 5.0 9.0 4.0 -4.3

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 12.614 160.9 160.1 -2.9 -0.9 -0.4 -0.3 -0.5

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.424 108.2 107.8 1.9 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.862 148.4 148.4 5.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.0

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.481 139.0 139.0 2.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.294 192.7 192.6 4.0 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.510 157.2 157.1 -0.4 -1.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 3.716 154.2 153.5 -1.2 -1.5 0.1 0.6 -0.5

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.795 170.0 172.4 3.4 0.8 0.2 -0.2 1.4

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.465 107.0 106.2 -10.2 -1.4 1.3 1.0 -0.7

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.620 139.1 140.2 -6.7 1.9 0.1 -0.9 0.8

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.428 129.1 131.9 -19.7 6.3 -1.4 -0.8 2.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.954 145.0 145.4 -1.7 0.4 0.8 -1.0 0.3

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.507 165.0 163.8 -13.1 -0.6 3.9 0.4 -0.7

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.747 148.9 149.1 2.4 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.1

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.373 114.3 114.6 1.8 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.3

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.426 305.4 296.0 -6.3 -2.7 -0.5 -1.0 -3.1

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.457 209.7 207.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 -1.3

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.585 262.3 251.1 3.0 0.2 1.9 -0.3 -4.3

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.643 139.7 143.5 -0.2 -2.7 -0.4 -1.3 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to

October 2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 83 0.319 103.0 102.8 – 1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 25.763 106.7 106.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.006 130.8 131.1 4.5 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 10.757 81.6 81.5 -1.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 9.120 152.2 152.5 3.0 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 6.894 127.0 127.4 2.5 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.3

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.610 118.3 118.5 3.9 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.190 134.9 134.9 0.2 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi.......................... 94 0.568 147.8 147.8 -1.8 -0.8 0.0 -0.6 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.485 117.8 117.9 3.8 -0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: October 2022 to October 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 146.8 145.4 -1.9 0.4 1.2 0.3 -1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.326 281.0 266.5 -5.0 3.0 9.4 5.8 -5.2

Manufacturing................................ 87.168 136.4 135.9 -1.3 0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.4

Canada.......................................... 100.000 179.9 175.8 -6.7 1.5 3.1 1.4 -2.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 34.079 277.3 262.4 -5.8 3.0 10.1 6.0 -5.4

Manufacturing................................ 65.063 157.0 155.9 -7.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.8 -0.7

European Union............................... 100.000 156.1 155.6 1.9 0.3 0.4 -0.3 -0.3

Manufacturing................................ 99.166 151.8 151.3 2.1 0.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.3

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 150.6 149.3 4.6 -0.3 0.1 -0.7 -0.9

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 124.6 123.9 -1.6 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.6

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 137.6 136.7 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 -0.7

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 171.7 170.9 0.3 0.9 -0.2 0.9 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.909 347.7 335.1 -0.4 4.7 3.2 4.0 -3.6

Manufacturing................................ 84.790 137.4 137.6 0.7 0.3 -0.8 0.3 0.1

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 146.7 145.8 2.9 1.8 0.5 0.1 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 9.636 186.9 176.0 8.4 17.2 2.0 -1.7 -5.8

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 90.070 99.5 99.4 2.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 -0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 102.8 102.7 -1.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 101.6 101.6 -2.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 101.3 101.7 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 109.6 110.0 -1.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.4

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 95.9 95.7 -3.1 -0.2 0.6 0.0 -0.2

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 101.1 101.0 -2.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 225.6 220.6 -8.8 2.5 4.3 0.9 -2.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: October 2022 to October

2023

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 120.9 120.1 -1.5 0.8 0.9 0.4 -0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.327 148.1 145.4 -6.7 7.6 3.8 3.2 -1.8

Manufacturing................................ 84.909 118.0 117.5 -0.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.4

Canada.......................................... 100.000 128.5 128.6 -0.8 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 7.931 139.6 139.7 -11.9 5.1 3.1 2.1 0.1

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 90.378 119.9 120.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3

European Union............................... 100.000 119.6 118.7 -0.7 1.2 0.7 1.0 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 17.096 154.6 148.3 -0.5 5.5 5.2 7.1 -4.1

Manufacturing................................ 81.185 113.7 113.7 -0.5 0.6 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Germany........................................ 100.000 118.1 116.9 2.8 1.5 0.4 0.1 -1.0

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 126.4 124.5 -9.3 0.5 2.7 1.0 -1.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.935 139.3 142.4 -31.7 5.9 -0.3 0.1 2.2

Manufacturing................................ 90.495 125.8 123.5 -6.2 -0.1 3.2 1.1 -1.8

Mexico........................................... 100.000 126.1 124.5 -7.2 0.9 1.9 0.5 -1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.680 118.9 124.8 -36.7 10.5 -2.4 -1.2 5.0

Manufacturing................................ 91.759 127.8 125.6 -3.2 0.2 2.3 0.6 -1.7

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 113.9 113.7 -4.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 21.714 124.5 124.5 -12.5 3.1 1.5 1.1 0.0

Manufacturing................................ 77.157 112.9 112.7 -0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.2

China............................................ 100.000 109.1 108.1 -4.8 0.9 -0.4 0.6 -0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 28.096 112.3 109.5 -11.9 3.9 -0.5 0.7 -2.5

Manufacturing................................ 70.797 110.2 110.0 -1.5 -0.2 -0.5 0.6 -0.2

Japan............................................ 100.000 110.3 109.9 -8.8 -1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 23.899 118.2 118.2 -25.9 -1.8 0.4 -1.4 0.0

Manufacturing................................ 75.041 108.5 108.1 0.0 -0.9 -0.3 0.3 -0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: October 2022 to October 20231

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.8 101.1 0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.3

Canada.................................................. 93.9 96.1 6.3 -0.8 -2.4 -0.9 2.3

European Union...................................... 103.1 102.7 -2.5 1.0 0.3 1.3 -0.4

Germany................................................ 109.1 108.6 4.5 1.7 0.2 0.4 -0.5

Latin America3

........................................ 109.6 108.5 -9.6 -0.4 2.8 0.2 -1.0

Mexico.................................................. 110.9 110.2 -9.8 -0.9 1.4 0.4 -0.6

Pacific Rim4............................................ 109.0 108.9 -2.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.1

China.................................................... 107.5 106.5 -2.1 1.2 -0.4 0.7 -0.9

Japan.................................................... 104.0 103.2 -9.3 -1.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.8

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: October

2022 to October 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sep.

20231

Index Percent change

Sep.

2023

Oct.

2023

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2022 to

Oct.

2023

Jun.

2023 to

Jul.

2023

Jul.

2023 to

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2023 to

Sep.

2023

Sep.

2023 to

Oct.

2023

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 231.1 231.3 -18.4 0.8 -8.3 4.1 0.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 24.451 185.7 186.0 -24.9 -11.0 4.1 -7.7 0.2

Asia.................................................. 75.081 231.9 232.6 -16.0 5.6 -12.9 9.1 0.3

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 179.7 175.0 -11.3 -0.2 2.0 1.0 -2.6

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 25.908 144.4 140.1 -6.7 2.0 0.3 1.1 -3.0

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 53.641 142.9 138.1 -15.1 0.4 2.8 0.8 -3.4

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 166.9 165.1 -22.0 0.6 -3.4 3.7 -1.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.766 148.9 147.7 -12.9 -6.3 6.1 -6.4 -0.8

Asia.................................................. 61.449 157.1 155.4 -26.2 4.5 -8.3 10.1 -1.1

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 180.3 185.5 -18.7 -6.9 -0.1 8.0 2.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.795 173.6 172.1 -11.6 1.6 -0.8 0.9 -0.9

Asia.................................................. 54.775 198.1 211.6 -21.9 -13.1 0.1 13.0 6.8

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 173.9 178.3 -5.2 -9.2 -14.1 9.9 2.5

Europe............................................... 48.091 206.8 205.2 -2.6 -11.0 -18.4 17.7 -0.8

Asia.................................................. 5.766 170.9 177.4 -6.7 -6.4 -11.0 3.1 3.8

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 14.494 138.6 150.0 -2.8 -1.7 -9.9 -2.8 8.2

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 179.6 178.6 -6.2 4.2 -8.8 -4.5 -0.6

Europe............................................... 22.674 237.7 228.7 2.4 3.1 -13.0 0.8 -3.8

Asia.................................................. 12.164 199.4 193.7 -4.6 3.9 0.2 -10.8 -2.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 52.034 174.3 175.1 -8.9 4.3 -9.7 -4.3 0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at https://subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.