For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Monday, June 10, 2019 USDL-19-0945

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2019

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.4 million on the last business day of April, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires edged up to 5.9 million, and separations 

were little changed at 5.6 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.3 percent and 

the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four 

geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the job openings level was little changed at 7.4 million. The job 

openings rate was 4.7 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for 

government. The job openings level increased in federal government (+22,000) and educational services 

(+20,000). Job openings decreased in professional and business services (-172,000). The number of job 

openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged up to a series high of 5.9 million (+240,000) in April. The hires rate was 3.9

percent. The hires level edged up for total private (+217,000) and was little changed for government. 

Hires increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+34,000). The number of hires was little changed in 

all four regions. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.6 million in April. The total separations rate 

was 3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

The total separations level increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+43,000) but decreased in 

federal government (-10,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. 

(See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in April at 3.5 million. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The quits 

level was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased in real estate and rental and 

leasing (+28,000) and in state and local government, excluding education (+13,000), but decreased in 

federal government (-8,000). The number of quits decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in April at 1.8 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and 

for government. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in real estate and rental and leasing 

(+15,000). The layoffs and discharges level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in April. The other separations level was little 

changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in accommodation and food 

services (+14,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 69.6 million and 

separations totaled 66.8 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.8 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for May 2019 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, July 9, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,106 7,474 7,449 5,694 5,697 5,937 5,467 5,508 5,578

Total private....................................... 6,497 6,772 6,726 5,334 5,345 5,562 5,128 5,171 5,234

Mining and logging1............................ 37 28 33 43 39 29 36 38 35

Construction1................................... 258 364 404 367 364 406 330 350 375

Manufacturing.................................. 451 461 501 367 357 360 346 364 352

Durable goods1.............................. 288 304 322 217 190 204 195 204 199

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 163 158 180 149 167 156 151 161 153

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,571 1,385 1,469 1,136 1,094 1,144 1,121 1,115 1,120

Wholesale trade............................. 192 220 259 131 134 155 136 138 137

Retail trade................................... 1,032 825 837 772 725 750 767 738 764

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 348 340 373 233 235 240 218 239 219

Information1

..................................... 198 137 131 92 95 86 94 91 97

Financial activities.............................. 328 356 365 199 191 234 200 172 225

Finance and insurance..................... 227 234 232 131 131 141 125 120 132

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 102 122 132 68 60 94 75 51 94

Professional and business services......... 1,232 1,413 1,241 1,157 1,173 1,233 1,102 1,150 1,139

Education and health services............... 1,249 1,355 1,375 680 720 728 643 683 651

Educational services1

....................... 110 111 131 102 93 102 93 91 90

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,139 1,244 1,244 578 627 626 550 592 561

Leisure and hospitality........................ 974 1,035 1,004 1,070 1,106 1,124 1,037 1,014 1,053

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 106 106 105 190 171 163 184 132 145

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 868 929 899 880 935 961 854 882 908

Other services.................................. 199 238 203 224 205 218 220 193 186

Government....................................... 609 702 723 359 352 375 339 337 344

Federal1

......................................... 83 117 139 39 39 41 35 41 31

State and local................................. 526 585 584 320 313 334 304 297 313

State and local education.................. 187 228 225 158 170 169 160 156 160

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 339 357 359 162 144 165 144 140 153

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.6 4.7 4.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7

Total private....................................... 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging1

............................ 4.9 3.5 4.1 6.0 5.2 3.8 5.0 5.1 4.7

Construction1

................................... 3.4 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.4 4.6 4.7 5.0

Manufacturing.................................. 3.4 3.5 3.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.5 3.6 3.8 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.4 4.7 5.0 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0

Wholesale trade............................. 3.2 3.6 4.2 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3

Retail trade................................... 6.1 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 5.5 5.3 5.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.6

Information1

..................................... 6.5 4.6 4.4 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.4

Financial activities.............................. 3.7 4.0 4.0 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.6

Finance and insurance..................... 3.5 3.6 3.5 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 4.3 5.0 5.4 3.0 2.6 4.0 3.3 2.2 4.0

Professional and business services......... 5.6 6.2 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.3

Education and health services............... 5.0 5.3 5.4 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.9 2.9 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.4 5.8 5.8 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.6 5.8 5.7 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.1 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.3 4.1 4.0 8.0 6.9 6.5 7.7 5.3 5.8

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.9 6.1 5.9 6.3 6.6 6.8 6.1 6.2 6.4

Other services.................................. 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Government....................................... 2.6 3.0 3.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.9 4.0 4.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.1

State and local................................. 2.6 2.9 2.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.6 3.7 3.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total............................................... 7,106 7,479 7,625 7,142 7,474 7,449 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,497 6,860 6,929 6,437 6,772 6,726 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.0

Mining and logging3....................... 37 29 38 27 28 33 4.9 3.8 4.8 3.5 3.5 4.1

Construction3

............................... 258 299 313 287 364 404 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.7 5.1

Manufacturing.............................. 451 435 458 480 461 501 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.8

Durable goods3

.......................... 288 298 295 305 304 322 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.8

Nondurable goods3

...................... 163 137 163 175 158 180 3.3 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,571 1,482 1,454 1,340 1,385 1,469 5.4 5.1 5.0 4.6 4.7 5.0

Wholesale trade......................... 192 178 264 220 220 259 3.2 2.9 4.3 3.6 3.6 4.2

Retail trade............................... 1,032 986 881 861 825 837 6.1 5.9 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 348 318 309 258 340 373 5.5 5.0 4.8 4.1 5.3 5.8

Information3................................. 198 123 136 133 137 131 6.5 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4

Financial activities......................... 328 380 433 334 356 365 3.7 4.2 4.8 3.7 4.0 4.0

Finance and insurance................. 227 317 291 268 234 232 3.5 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.6 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 102 63 142 65 122 132 4.3 2.7 5.8 2.8 5.0 5.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,232 1,391 1,472 1,424 1,413 1,241 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.2 5.5

Education and health services........... 1,249 1,348 1,372 1,212 1,355 1,375 5.0 5.3 5.4 4.8 5.3 5.4

Educational services3................... 110 91 117 100 111 131 2.9 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.9 3.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,139 1,258 1,254 1,112 1,244 1,244 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.2 5.8 5.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 974 1,102 1,077 988 1,035 1,004 5.6 6.2 6.1 5.6 5.8 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 106 154 109 106 106 105 4.3 5.9 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 868 948 969 882 929 899 5.9 6.3 6.4 5.9 6.1 5.9

Other services.............................. 199 271 175 214 238 203 3.3 4.4 2.9 3.5 3.9 3.3

Government................................... 609 619 696 705 702 723 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1

Federal3

..................................... 83 87 121 130 117 139 2.9 3.0 4.1 4.5 4.0 4.7

State and local............................. 526 532 576 575 585 584 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9

State and local education.............. 187 229 226 224 228 225 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 339 304 350 350 357 359 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,210 1,230 1,281 1,201 1,224 1,194 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1

South........................................... 2,585 2,848 2,836 2,698 2,846 2,814 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.9

Midwest........................................ 1,711 1,767 1,827 1,641 1,729 1,787 5.0 5.1 5.2 4.7 5.0 5.1

West............................................ 1,600 1,634 1,681 1,602 1,675 1,653 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,694 5,717 5,829 5,695 5,697 5,937 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,334 5,353 5,434 5,333 5,345 5,562 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3

Mining and logging......................... 43 39 35 35 39 29 6.0 5.1 4.6 4.6 5.2 3.8

Construction................................ 367 399 433 367 364 406 5.1 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.9 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 367 351 377 351 357 360 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8

Durable goods........................... 217 186 190 192 190 204 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 149 165 187 159 167 156 3.2 3.5 3.9 3.3 3.5 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,136 1,176 1,127 1,143 1,094 1,144 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.1

Wholesale trade......................... 131 151 138 147 134 155 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6

Retail trade............................... 772 802 748 744 725 750 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 233 224 241 252 235 240 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9

Information.................................. 92 80 82 85 95 86 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.0

Financial activities......................... 199 201 192 197 191 234 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 131 133 112 133 131 141 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 68 67 80 64 60 94 3.0 2.9 3.5 2.8 2.6 4.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,157 1,144 1,120 1,175 1,173 1,233 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.8

Education and health services........... 680 717 724 715 720 728 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Educational services.................... 102 124 113 99 93 102 2.8 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 578 593 611 617 627 626 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,070 1,037 1,116 1,079 1,106 1,124 6.6 6.3 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 190 154 181 178 171 163 8.0 6.3 7.3 7.2 6.9 6.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 880 883 935 901 935 961 6.3 6.3 6.6 6.4 6.6 6.8

Other services.............................. 224 209 228 186 205 218 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.2 3.5 3.7

Government................................... 359 364 395 362 352 375 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7

Federal...................................... 39 36 35 36 39 41 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5

State and local............................. 320 328 360 326 313 334 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7

State and local education.............. 158 176 184 169 170 169 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 162 152 176 157 144 165 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 859 871 879 884 895 933 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4

South........................................... 2,268 2,204 2,334 2,360 2,342 2,357 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,266 1,324 1,300 1,258 1,195 1,306 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.9

West............................................ 1,301 1,318 1,316 1,193 1,265 1,341 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,467 5,469 5,532 5,576 5,508 5,578 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,128 5,122 5,146 5,206 5,171 5,234 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 36 34 31 37 38 35 5.0 4.5 4.1 4.9 5.1 4.7

Construction................................ 330 369 387 364 350 375 4.6 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.7 5.0

Manufacturing.............................. 346 342 355 347 364 352 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7

Durable goods........................... 195 175 174 192 204 199 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 151 167 180 154 161 153 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,121 1,134 1,098 1,114 1,115 1,120 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 136 143 141 141 138 137 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3

Retail trade............................... 767 765 735 720 738 764 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 218 226 222 253 239 219 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.6

Information.................................. 94 87 93 89 91 97 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4

Financial activities......................... 200 180 184 182 172 225 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.6

Finance and insurance................. 125 131 113 140 120 132 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 75 49 71 42 51 94 3.3 2.1 3.1 1.8 2.2 4.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,102 1,116 1,085 1,122 1,150 1,139 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.3

Education and health services........... 643 652 662 710 683 651 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.7

Educational services.................... 93 101 87 110 91 90 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 550 551 575 600 592 561 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,037 1,007 1,043 1,044 1,014 1,053 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 184 153 151 166 132 145 7.7 6.3 6.1 6.7 5.3 5.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 854 853 892 878 882 908 6.1 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.4

Other services.............................. 220 201 208 197 193 186 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.1

Government................................... 339 347 386 370 337 344 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 35 44 32 36 41 31 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.1

State and local............................. 304 304 353 335 297 313 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6

State and local education.............. 160 163 182 172 156 160 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 144 141 172 162 140 153 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 855 820 770 779 856 804 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9

South........................................... 2,170 2,197 2,280 2,378 2,315 2,315 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,176 1,231 1,224 1,203 1,160 1,212 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6

West............................................ 1,267 1,221 1,258 1,216 1,177 1,246 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total............................................... 3,339 3,391 3,483 3,447 3,461 3,482 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,154 3,205 3,282 3,259 3,278 3,300 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6

Mining and logging......................... 21 22 19 21 23 19 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.5

Construction................................ 164 185 185 184 149 156 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 205 211 212 211 222 218 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Durable goods........................... 113 111 110 118 118 125 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

Nondurable goods....................... 92 100 101 93 104 93 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 692 715 727 729 738 722 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6

Wholesale trade......................... 83 89 87 88 102 94 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6

Retail trade............................... 485 493 512 494 500 500 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 124 133 128 147 137 129 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.1

Information.................................. 47 43 51 48 52 57 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0

Financial activities......................... 100 106 102 97 104 145 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.7

Finance and insurance................. 47 76 64 75 67 79 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 53 31 38 22 37 65 2.4 1.3 1.7 0.9 1.6 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 678 649 664 645 656 639 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0

Education and health services........... 423 448 433 461 467 429 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8

Educational services.................... 52 52 39 58 47 48 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 371 397 394 403 420 381 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 702 706 753 748 735 756 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 68 56 74 80 82 79 2.9 2.3 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 634 650 679 668 653 677 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.8

Other services.............................. 122 120 137 114 132 159 2.1 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.7

Government................................... 185 186 201 188 184 182 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 16 20 14 17 22 14 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5

State and local............................. 169 166 187 171 162 168 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

State and local education.............. 88 89 105 96 94 86 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 80 77 82 75 68 81 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 469 464 441 425 513 451 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.6

South........................................... 1,351 1,423 1,448 1,489 1,425 1,481 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7

Midwest........................................ 733 744 797 754 757 772 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3

West............................................ 786 760 797 779 767 778 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total............................................... 1,788 1,751 1,695 1,784 1,693 1,752 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,697 1,653 1,562 1,664 1,601 1,648 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3

Mining and logging......................... 14 10 11 14 15 16 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.9 2.1

Construction................................ 155 164 181 169 181 197 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.6

Manufacturing.............................. 121 111 123 118 122 113 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9

Durable goods........................... 68 51 52 61 76 63 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 53 60 70 56 46 49 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 357 360 305 324 326 358 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3

Wholesale trade3

........................ 41 45 43 42 30 36 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6

Retail trade............................... 236 230 179 190 207 243 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 80 85 82 92 88 78 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3

Information.................................. 42 38 32 30 24 26 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.9

Financial activities......................... 73 58 57 48 32 54 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 53 44 33 31 22 29 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 20 14 24 17 10 25 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.4 1.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 360 406 358 423 422 424 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0

Education and health services........... 175 155 175 193 164 175 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 33 42 42 46 38 37 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 143 112 133 147 126 138 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 317 279 263 274 262 267 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 113 96 74 84 48 64 4.7 3.9 3.0 3.4 1.9 2.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 204 183 189 189 214 202 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4

Other services.............................. 84 73 59 72 54 20 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.3

Government................................... 91 98 132 120 92 104 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5

Federal...................................... 7 9 10 6 7 7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local............................. 84 89 122 114 86 97 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5

State and local education.............. 48 51 53 53 38 50 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 36 38 70 61 48 47 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 311 303 280 282 291 304 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

South........................................... 692 649 676 750 748 699 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3

Midwest........................................ 385 407 365 385 331 376 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1

West............................................ 399 392 374 368 322 373 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total............................................... 340 327 355 346 354 344 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 277 263 302 284 293 287 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 2 1 3 1 1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Construction3

............................... 10 21 21 11 21 22 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 21 19 21 18 21 22 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 13 12 13 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 7 6 9 5 11 12 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 72 59 66 61 51 40 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 12 8 11 10 6 7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Retail trade............................... 45 41 43 36 30 21 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 15 9 12 14 15 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information3................................. 5 6 11 11 15 14 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Financial activities......................... 27 15 25 37 35 27 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 25 11 16 34 31 24 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 2 4 9 3 5 4 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 63 61 63 55 72 76 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 44 49 54 55 52 47 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 8 7 6 6 5 5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 36 42 48 49 46 42 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 19 22 28 22 18 30 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 3 1 3 1 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 16 21 25 21 14 28 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services3............................. 14 9 13 10 7 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Government................................... 64 64 53 62 61 58 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 13 15 8 13 12 10 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3

State and local............................. 51 49 44 49 49 48 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 24 23 24 23 25 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 27 25 20 26 24 25 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 75 53 49 72 53 49 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 127 125 157 139 142 135 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 58 80 62 64 72 64 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 81 70 87 70 87 96 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 7,611 7,383 7,858 4.9 4.7 4.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 7,011 6,698 7,150 5.3 5.0 5.3

Mining and logging............................................... 37 28 33 4.9 3.6 4.2

Construction....................................................... 258 364 404 3.5 4.8 5.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 451 461 501 3.5 3.5 3.8

Durable goods.................................................. 288 304 322 3.5 3.6 3.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 163 158 180 3.4 3.2 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,590 1,279 1,442 5.5 4.4 5.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 207 215 275 3.4 3.5 4.4

Retail trade..................................................... 1,035 724 795 6.2 4.4 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 348 340 373 5.6 5.3 5.8

Information........................................................ 198 137 131 6.5 4.6 4.4

Financial activities................................................ 367 338 399 4.1 3.8 4.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 266 216 267 4.1 3.3 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 102 122 132 4.4 5.1 5.4

Professional and business services............................ 1,328 1,409 1,327 6.0 6.3 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 1,370 1,324 1,499 5.5 5.2 5.8

Educational services.......................................... 110 111 131 2.7 2.8 3.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,260 1,213 1,368 6.0 5.6 6.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,168 1,079 1,180 6.8 6.2 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 154 121 151 6.3 5.0 5.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,013 958 1,029 6.8 6.4 6.8

Other services.................................................... 245 278 235 4.0 4.5 3.8

Government.......................................................... 600 686 708 2.6 2.9 3.0

Federal............................................................. 83 117 139 2.9 4.0 4.7

State and local.................................................... 517 569 569 2.5 2.8 2.8

State and local education..................................... 178 212 210 1.6 1.9 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 339 357 359 3.6 3.8 3.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,285 1,205 1,250 4.5 4.2 4.3

South................................................................. 2,791 2,816 2,984 4.9 4.9 5.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,802 1,722 1,865 5.2 5.0 5.3

West.................................................................. 1,733 1,640 1,759 4.8 4.5 4.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 6,090 5,330 6,369 4.1 3.6 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,808 5,077 6,074 4.6 4.0 4.7

Mining and logging............................................... 47 37 32 6.6 4.9 4.3

Construction....................................................... 510 358 569 7.1 5.0 7.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 374 338 368 3.0 2.6 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 220 181 211 2.8 2.3 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 154 157 158 3.3 3.3 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,123 1,021 1,134 4.1 3.7 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 136 137 164 2.3 2.3 2.8

Retail trade..................................................... 780 698 762 5.0 4.5 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 207 187 208 3.5 3.1 3.5

Information........................................................ 92 86 84 3.2 3.1 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 210 178 252 2.5 2.1 2.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 124 124 138 2.0 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 86 55 115 3.9 2.4 5.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,276 1,110 1,369 6.1 5.3 6.4

Education and health services.................................. 661 671 711 2.8 2.8 2.9

Educational services.......................................... 77 60 75 2.0 1.5 1.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 583 611 635 2.9 3.0 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,267 1,099 1,313 7.9 6.8 7.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 282 166 234 12.2 7.2 9.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 986 932 1,080 7.1 6.7 7.6

Other services.................................................... 249 179 241 4.3 3.0 4.1

Government.......................................................... 282 253 295 1.2 1.1 1.3

Federal............................................................. 36 36 39 1.3 1.3 1.4

State and local.................................................... 247 217 256 1.2 1.1 1.3

State and local education..................................... 84 95 88 0.8 0.9 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 163 122 169 1.8 1.3 1.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 949 819 1,034 3.5 3.0 3.7

South................................................................. 2,372 2,212 2,466 4.4 4.0 4.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,383 1,146 1,433 4.2 3.5 4.3

West.................................................................. 1,387 1,153 1,437 4.0 3.3 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 5,263 4,883 5,383 3.5 3.3 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,017 4,653 5,139 4.0 3.7 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 37 37 37 5.2 5.0 5.0

Construction....................................................... 314 315 354 4.4 4.4 4.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 348 346 355 2.8 2.7 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 198 194 206 2.5 2.4 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 150 152 149 3.2 3.2 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,066 992 1,065 3.9 3.6 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 146 138 146 2.5 2.3 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 727 653 730 4.6 4.2 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 194 201 190 3.3 3.3 3.1

Information........................................................ 94 80 98 3.3 2.8 3.5

Financial activities................................................ 211 161 239 2.5 1.9 2.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 134 112 142 2.1 1.8 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 77 49 97 3.5 2.1 4.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,095 1,078 1,153 5.3 5.1 5.4

Education and health services.................................. 618 624 626 2.6 2.6 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 70 54 63 1.8 1.4 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 548 570 563 2.8 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,021 853 1,025 6.3 5.2 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 184 101 133 8.0 4.4 5.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 837 752 892 6.1 5.4 6.3

Other services.................................................... 213 168 187 3.7 2.9 3.2

Government.......................................................... 245 230 244 1.1 1.0 1.1

Federal............................................................. 32 38 27 1.2 1.4 1.0

State and local.................................................... 213 191 217 1.1 1.0 1.1

State and local education..................................... 93 84 91 0.9 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 119 107 126 1.3 1.2 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 810 718 756 3.0 2.6 2.7

South................................................................. 2,132 2,080 2,285 3.9 3.8 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,067 1,015 1,109 3.3 3.1 3.3

West.................................................................. 1,254 1,070 1,233 3.7 3.1 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 3,311 3,165 3,460 2.2 2.1 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,166 3,025 3,317 2.5 2.4 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 21 21 18 2.9 2.9 2.5

Construction....................................................... 172 134 157 2.4 1.9 2.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 213 215 226 1.7 1.7 1.8

Durable goods.................................................. 120 111 135 1.5 1.4 1.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 92 104 91 2.0 2.2 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 694 695 724 2.5 2.5 2.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 91 102 102 1.6 1.7 1.7

Retail trade..................................................... 477 463 492 3.0 3.0 3.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 126 130 131 2.2 2.2 2.2

Information........................................................ 44 45 57 1.6 1.6 2.0

Financial activities................................................ 100 99 149 1.2 1.1 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 47 61 84 0.7 1.0 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 53 37 65 2.4 1.6 2.8

Professional and business services............................ 674 617 636 3.2 2.9 3.0

Education and health services.................................. 424 438 429 1.8 1.8 1.8

Educational services.......................................... 44 33 39 1.1 0.8 1.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 380 405 389 1.9 2.0 1.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 701 640 759 4.3 3.9 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 55 66 64 2.4 2.9 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 646 574 695 4.7 4.1 4.9

Other services.................................................... 123 120 162 2.1 2.0 2.7

Government.......................................................... 145 140 143 0.6 0.6 0.6

Federal............................................................. 16 21 14 0.6 0.8 0.5

State and local.................................................... 129 119 129 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local education..................................... 55 58 52 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 74 61 77 0.8 0.7 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 466 454 450 1.7 1.6 1.6

South................................................................. 1,364 1,315 1,501 2.5 2.4 2.7

Midwest............................................................... 692 686 736 2.1 2.1 2.2

West.................................................................. 789 711 773 2.3 2.1 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 1,622 1,388 1,591 1.1 0.9 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,572 1,345 1,535 1.3 1.1 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 15 14 18 2.0 1.9 2.5

Construction....................................................... 132 160 175 1.8 2.2 2.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 114 110 106 0.9 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 63 73 60 0.8 0.9 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 51 38 46 1.1 0.8 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 297 253 301 1.1 0.9 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 41 30 36 0.7 0.5 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 204 166 218 1.3 1.1 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 52 56 46 0.9 0.9 0.8

Information........................................................ 45 19 27 1.6 0.7 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 78 30 58 0.9 0.3 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 56 23 30 0.9 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 22 7 28 1.0 0.3 1.2

Professional and business services............................ 362 385 443 1.7 1.8 2.1

Education and health services.................................. 152 137 152 0.6 0.6 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 20 19 21 0.5 0.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 132 118 132 0.7 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 301 196 236 1.9 1.2 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 125 32 67 5.4 1.4 2.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 176 164 168 1.3 1.2 1.2

Other services.................................................... 76 41 18 1.3 0.7 0.3

Government.......................................................... 50 43 56 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 4 6 4 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 45 37 52 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local education..................................... 24 14 25 0.2 0.1 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 21 23 27 0.2 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 267 216 259 1.0 0.8 0.9

South................................................................. 651 635 657 1.2 1.2 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 321 266 315 1.0 0.8 1.0

West.................................................................. 383 271 360 1.1 0.8 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Apr.

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 330 330 332 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 279 284 287 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Construction....................................................... 10 21 22 0.1 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 22 21 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 15 10 11 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 7 11 12 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 75 45 40 0.3 0.2 0.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 14 6 7 0.2 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 46 24 20 0.3 0.2 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 15 15 13 0.3 0.2 0.2

Information........................................................ 5 15 14 0.2 0.6 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 33 32 32 0.4 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 31 28 29 0.5 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 2 5 4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 59 75 74 0.3 0.4 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 42 49 44 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 6 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 36 46 42 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 19 18 30 0.1 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 16 14 28 0.1 0.1 0.2

Other services.................................................... 14 7 7 0.2 0.1 0.1

Government.......................................................... 51 46 45 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 12 11 9 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local.................................................... 38 35 36 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 14 13 14 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 24 23 22 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 77 49 47 0.3 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 118 129 127 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 54 64 58 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 81 88 100 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.