For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Friday, December 9, 2016 USDL-16-2256 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

WORK EXPERIENCE OF THE POPULATION — 2015

A total of 162.3 million persons worked at some point during 2015, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

reported today. The proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over who worked at 

some time during 2015 rose to 64.2 percent, up from 63.6 percent in 2014. The number of persons who 

experienced some unemployment during 2015 declined by 783,000 to 16.9 million. 

These data are based on information collected in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) 

to the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a monthly survey conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The ASEC collects information on employment and 

unemployment experienced during the prior calendar year. Additional information about the CPS and 

the ASEC, including concepts and definitions, is provided in the Technical Note. 

Highlights from the 2015 data: 

• The proportion of workers who worked full time, year round in 2015 was 68.0 percent, about 

unchanged from the prior year. (See table 1.)

• The "work-experience unemployment rate"—defined as the number of persons unemployed at 

some time during the year as a proportion of the number of persons who worked or looked for 

work during the year—declined by 0.7 percentage point to 10.2 percent in 2015. (See table 3.)

• About 3.2 million individuals looked for a job but did not work at all in 2015, down from 3.7 

million in 2014. (See table 3.)

Persons with Employment

Overall, 64.2 percent of the population worked in 2015, up from 63.6 percent in 2014. The proportions 

of both men and women who worked at some point during 2015 increased to 70.0 percent and 58.8 

percent, respectively. (See table 1.)

The proportions of Whites (64.9 percent) and Hispanics (65.5 percent) who worked at some time during 

2015 increased from 2014, while the shares of Blacks (60.6 percent) and Asians (64.0 percent) changed 

little. (See table 2.) 

Among those with work experience in 2015, 79.6 percent usually worked full time, unchanged from a 

year earlier. In 2015, men (85.6 percent) continued to be more likely than women (73.0 percent) to work 

full time during the year. These proportions were little changed from the prior year. (See table 1.)
- 2 - 

Of the total who worked during 2015, 78.6 percent were employed year round (working 50 to 52 weeks, 

either full or part time), about unchanged from a year earlier. In 2015, the percentages of men (80.9 

percent) and women (76.0 percent) working year round were about unchanged. 

Persons with Unemployment

Overall, 165.5 million persons worked or looked for work at some time in 2015, up by 2.7 million from 

the prior year. Of those, 16.9 million experienced some unemployment during 2015, down by 783,000 

from 2014. (See table 3.)

The work-experience unemployment rate (those looking for work during the year as a percent of those 

who worked or looked for work during the year) continued to decline. At 10.2 percent in 2015, the 

work-experience unemployment rate was 0.7 percentage point lower than in 2014. The work-experience 

unemployment rates for Whites (9.5 percent), Asians (7.3 percent), and Hispanics (12.1 percent) 

declined from 2014 to 2015, while the rate for Blacks (15.0 percent) changed little. (See tables 3 and 4.) 

In 2015, men continued to have a higher work-experience unemployment rate than women, 10.4 percent 

versus 10.0 percent. Among Whites and Blacks, the rates for men were higher than the rates for women. 

Among Asians, the rate for women was higher than the rate for men, while the rates for Hispanic men 

and women were little different from each other. 

Among those who experienced unemployment in 2015, the median number of weeks spent looking for 

work was 14.7. The number of persons who looked for a job but did not work at all in 2015 declined by 

534,000 over the year to 3.2 million. Of the 13.8 million individuals who worked during 2015 and also 

experienced unemployment, 21.6 percent had two or more spells of unemployment, little different than 

the share in 2014. (See table 3.) 
Technical Note

The data presented in this release were collected in the 

Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the 

Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a monthly 

sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households, conducted 

by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics (BLS). Data from the CPS are used to obtain the 

monthly estimates of the nation's employment and 

unemployment levels. The ASEC, conducted in the months of 

February through April, includes questions about work 

activity during the prior calendar year. For instance, data 

collected in 2016 refer to the 2015 calendar year. Because the 

reference period is a full year, the number of persons with 

some employment or unemployment greatly exceeds the 

average levels for any given month, which are based on a 1-

week reference period, and the corresponding annual average 

of the monthly estimates. As shown below, for example, the 

number experiencing any unemployment was about twice the 

number unemployed in an average month during the year.

Employed Unemployed

2015 estimates (in thousands)

Annual average of

monthly estimates 148,834 8,296

Annual supplement data 162,329 16,925 

In addition, estimates from the supplement differ from

those obtained in the basic CPS because the questions used to

classify workers as either employed or unemployed are

different. More important, perhaps, is that the supplement 

contains fewer questions for categorizing respondents. In 

regard to unemployment in particular, the supplement has no 

questions on the type of job search activity or on the

respondent's availability to work. Also, individuals can be

counted as both employed and unemployed in the work

experience supplement data, whereas, for a specific monthly 

reference week, each person is only counted in one category 

and employment activity takes precedence over job search 

activity.

The data presented in this release are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years due to the introduction of

updated population controls used in the CPS. The population 

controls are updated each year in January to reflect the latest 

information about population change. Additional information 

is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs 

because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, 

and its variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by 

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population 

value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing of 

the data.

A full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS 

and information on estimating standard errors is available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Concepts and definitions

The principle concepts and definitions used in 

connection with the data in this release are described briefly 

below. 

Persons who worked. In the 2016 supplement, persons

are considered to have worked if they responded "yes" to

either the question "Did you work at a job or business at any

time during 2015?" or "Did you do any temporary, part-time,

or seasonal work even for a few days during 2015?"

Unemployed persons. Persons who worked during the

year but not in every week are counted as unemployed if they

also reported looking for work or being on layoff from a job

during the year. Those who reported no work activity during

the year are considered unemployed if they responded "yes"

to the question "Even though you did not work in 2015, did

you spend any time trying to find a job or on layoff?"

Work-experience unemployment rate. The number of 

persons unemployed at some time during the year as a 

proportion of the number of persons who worked or looked for 

work during the year.

Labor force participants. Persons who either worked or

were unemployed during the year.

Usual full- and part-time employment. These data refer

to the number of hours a worker typically works during most

weeks of the year. Workers are classified as full time if they

usually worked 35 hours or more in a week; part-time

employment refers to workers whose typical workweek was

between 1 and 34 hours.

Year-round and part-year employment. Workers are

classified as year round if they worked 50 to 52 weeks. Partyear employment refers to workers who worked fewer than 50 

weeks.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Work experience of the population during the year by sex and extent of employment, 2014-15

[Numbers in thousands]

Extent of Employment

Total

2014 2015

Men

2014 2015

Women

2014 2015

NUMBER OF EMPLOYED

Civilian noninstitutional population 250,080 252,766 120,738 122,110 129,342 130,656

Total who worked or looked for work 162,757 165,495 85,602 87,149 77,156 78,347

Percent of the population 65.1 65.5 70.9 71.4 59.7 60.0

Total who worked during the year1 159,056 162,329 83,640 85,518 75,416 76,811

Percent of the population 63.6 64.2 69.3 70.0 58.3 58.8

Full time2 126,566 129,254 71,710 73,181 54,856 56,074

50 to 52 weeks 107,947 110,308 61,802 63,173 46,146 47,135

48 to 49 weeks 1,844 2,200 1,090 1,374 754 826

40 to 47 weeks 5,242 5,509 2,754 2,648 2,488 2,860

27 to 39 weeks 4,179 3,861 2,142 1,992 2,037 1,869

14 to 26 weeks 4,417 4,468 2,324 2,482 2,092 1,985

1 to 13 weeks 2,936 2,909 1,598 1,510 1,339 1,399

Part time3 32,490 33,075 11,930 12,338 20,560 20,737

50 to 52 weeks 17,127 17,280 6,004 6,028 11,123 11,252

48 to 49 weeks 886 882 342 298 544 584

40 to 47 weeks 2,820 2,809 894 1,059 1,926 1,750

27 to 39 weeks 2,825 2,775 1,072 1,054 1,753 1,720

14 to 26 weeks 4,376 4,567 1,730 1,773 2,645 2,794

1 to 13 weeks 4,458 4,762 1,889 2,126 2,569 2,637

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total who worked during the year1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Full time2 79.6 79.6 85.7 85.6 72.7 73.0

50 to 52 weeks 67.9 68.0 73.9 73.9 61.2 61.4

48 to 49 weeks 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.1

40 to 47 weeks 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.7

27 to 39 weeks 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.4

14 to 26 weeks 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6

1 to 13 weeks 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8

Part time3 20.4 20.4 14.3 14.4 27.3 27.0

50 to 52 weeks 10.8 10.6 7.2 7.0 14.7 14.6

48 to 49 weeks 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.8

40 to 47 weeks 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.2 2.6 2.3

27 to 39 weeks 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.2 2.3 2.2

14 to 26 weeks 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.1 3.5 3.6

1 to 13 weeks 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.5 3.4 3.4

1 Time worked includes paid vacation and sick leave.

2 Usually worked 35 hours or more per week.

3 Usually worked 1 to 34 hours per week.

NOTE: Data refer to persons 16 years and over. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 2. Work experience of the population during the year by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 2014-15

[Numbers in thousands]

Extent of employment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

2014 2015

Men

2014 2015

Women

2014 2015

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population 196,434 197,883 95,899 96,722 100,535 101,161

Total who worked or looked for work 128,576 130,378 68,986 69,916 59,590 60,462

Percent of the population 65.5 65.9 71.9 72.3 59.3 59.8

Total who worked during the year1 126,174 128,343 67,703 68,847 58,471 59,496

Percent of the population 64.2 64.9 70.6 71.2 58.2 58.8

Percent who worked during the year1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Full time2 79.4 79.5 86.0 85.9 71.7 72.0

50 to 52 weeks 67.8 67.8 74.3 74.2 60.3 60.4

27 to 49 weeks 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.3

1 to 26 weeks 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3

Part time3 20.6 20.5 14.0 14.1 28.3 28.0

50 to 52 weeks 10.9 10.8 7.0 6.8 15.4 15.4

27 to 49 weeks 4.3 4.1 2.8 2.8 6.0 5.5

1 to 26 weeks 5.5 5.7 4.2 4.4 6.9 7.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population 31,257 31,750 14,203 14,455 17,054 17,295

Total who worked or looked for work 19,575 20,034 9,081 9,397 10,494 10,636

Percent of the population 62.6 63.1 63.9 65.0 61.5 61.5

Total who worked during the year1 18,680 19,229 8,618 8,972 10,062 10,258

Percent of the population 59.8 60.6 60.7 62.1 59.0 59.3

Percent who worked during the year1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Full time2 80.3 79.6 83.1 82.5 77.9 77.0

50 to 52 weeks 67.6 67.5 70.1 70.3 65.4 65.1

27 to 49 weeks 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.7 7.1 7.0

1 to 26 weeks 5.8 5.2 6.2 5.5 5.4 4.9

Part time3 19.7 20.4 16.9 17.5 22.1 23.0

50 to 52 weeks 10.3 10.2 8.9 8.6 11.6 11.5

27 to 49 weeks 3.4 3.8 2.8 3.1 3.9 4.3

1 to 26 weeks 6.0 6.5 5.2 5.7 6.6 7.2

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population 14,425 14,840 6,803 6,961 7,622 7,879

Total who worked or looked for work 9,406 9,658 4,933 5,100 4,473 4,558

Percent of the population 65.2 65.1 72.5 73.3 58.7 57.9

Total who worked during the year1 9,195 9,495 4,821 5,035 4,375 4,460

Percent of the population 63.7 64.0 70.9 72.3 57.4 56.6

Percent who worked during the year1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Full time2 82.3 83.2 88.4 88.4 75.6 77.3

50 to 52 weeks 72.2 73.4 78.4 79.6 65.4 66.4

27 to 49 weeks 6.1 5.5 5.9 4.8 6.3 6.4

1 to 26 weeks 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.5

Part time3 17.7 16.8 11.6 11.6 24.4 22.7

50 to 52 weeks 9.6 9.7 6.4 6.5 13.2 13.2

27 to 49 weeks 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.8 4.8 4.1

1 to 26 weeks 4.7 4.3 3.1 3.3 6.5 5.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Work experience of the population during the year by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 2014-15 --

Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Extent of employment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

2014 2015

Men

2014 2015

Women

2014 2015

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population 39,322 40,382 19,601 20,112 19,722 20,270

Total who worked or looked for work 26,110 26,976 14,895 15,255 11,216 11,721

Percent of the population 66.4 66.8 76.0 75.8 56.9 57.8

Total who worked during the year1 25,413 26,459 14,527 15,011 10,886 11,448

Percent of the population 64.6 65.5 74.1 74.6 55.2 56.5

Percent who worked during the year1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Full time2 80.6 80.5 86.3 87.0 72.9 72.0

50 to 52 weeks 67.5 67.5 73.0 73.7 60.1 59.4

27 to 49 weeks 8.1 8.1 8.6 8.7 7.5 7.4

1 to 26 weeks 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.3 5.2

Part time3 19.4 19.5 13.7 13.0 27.1 28.0

50 to 52 weeks 10.8 10.8 7.4 6.6 15.5 16.4

27 to 49 weeks 3.5 3.3 2.6 2.4 4.7 4.6

1 to 26 weeks 5.1 5.3 3.7 4.0 6.8 7.1

1 Time worked includes paid vacation and sick leave.

2 Usually worked 35 hours or more per week.

3 Usually worked 1 to 34 hours per week.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals shown in table 1 because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
Table 3. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 2014-15

[Numbers in thousands]

Extent of unemployment

Total

2014 2015

Men

2014 2015

Women

2014 2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Total who worked or looked for work 162,757 165,495 85,602 87,149 77,156 78,347

Percent with unemployment 10.9 10.2 11.4 10.4 10.3 10.0

Total with unemployment 17,708 16,925 9,784 9,063 7,924 7,862

Did not work but looked for work 3,701 3,167 1,962 1,630 1,740 1,536

1 to 14 weeks 1,199 1,112 550 487 649 625

15 weeks or more 2,502 2,054 1,412 1,143 1,090 911

Worked during the year 14,006 13,759 7,822 7,433 6,185 6,326

Year-round workers1 with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment 392 392 286 245 106 147

Part-year workers2 with unemployment 13,614 13,366 7,536 7,188 6,079 6,179

1 to 4 weeks 2,365 2,618 1,227 1,367 1,138 1,251

5 to 10 weeks 1,999 2,102 1,168 1,159 831 943

11 to 14 weeks 1,889 1,916 1,095 993 794 923

15 to 26 weeks 3,855 3,572 2,124 2,000 1,731 1,571

27 weeks or more 3,507 3,159 1,924 1,668 1,584 1,491

Median weeks of unemployment for all workers 16.3 14.7 15.9 14.8 16.8 14.6

With 2 spells or more of unemployment 2,872 2,971 1,787 1,762 1,084 1,209

2 spells 1,472 1,376 934 767 539 609

3 spells or more 1,399 1,595 854 995 546 600

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Did not work but looked for work 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1 to 14 weeks 32.4 35.1 28.0 29.9 37.3 40.7

15 weeks or more 67.6 64.9 72.0 70.1 62.7 59.3

Worked during the year 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Year-round workers1 with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment 2.8 2.9 3.7 3.3 1.7 2.3

Part-year workers2 with unemployment 97.2 97.1 96.3 96.7 98.3 97.7

1 to 4 weeks 16.9 19.0 15.7 18.4 18.4 19.8

5 to 10 weeks 14.3 15.3 14.9 15.6 13.4 14.9

11 to 14 weeks 13.5 13.9 14.0 13.4 12.8 14.6

15 to 26 weeks 27.5 26.0 27.1 26.9 28.0 24.8

27 weeks or more 25.0 23.0 24.6 22.4 25.6 23.6

With 2 spells or more of unemployment 20.5 21.6 22.9 23.7 17.5 19.1

2 spells 10.5 10.0 11.9 10.3 8.7 9.6

3 spells or more 10.0 11.6 10.9 13.4 8.8 9.5

1 Worked 50 or 51 weeks.

2 Worked less than 50 weeks.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 4. Extent of unemployment during the year by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 2014-15

[Numbers in thousands]

Extent of unemployment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

2014 2015

Men

2014 2015

Women

2014 2015

WHITE

Total who worked or looked for work 128,576 130,378 68,986 69,916 59,590 60,462

Percent with unemployment 10.0 9.5 10.5 9.7 9.5 9.3

Total with unemployment 12,920 12,409 7,246 6,764 5,675 5,645

Did not work but looked for work 2,402 2,035 1,283 1,069 1,119 966

Worked during the year 10,518 10,374 5,962 5,694 4,556 4,680

Median weeks of unemployment for all workers 15.3 14.1 14.9 14.3 15.8 13.9

Percent who worked during the year1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Year-round workers2 with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment 3.1 3.0 4.0 3.6 2.0 2.4

Part-year workers3 with unemployment 96.9 97.0 96.0 96.4 98.0 97.6

1 to 4 weeks 17.6 19.9 16.4 18.8 19.1 21.2

5 to 14 weeks 28.7 30.2 29.9 30.1 27.2 30.4

15 weeks or more 50.6 46.8 49.8 47.5 51.7 46.0

With 2 spells or more of unemployment 21.6 21.4 23.6 23.2 18.9 19.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Total who worked or looked for work 19,575 20,034 9,081 9,397 10,494 10,636

Percent with unemployment 15.6 15.0 17.5 16.2 13.9 13.8

Total with unemployment 3,052 2,995 1,589 1,523 1,463 1,473

Did not work but looked for work 895 804 463 426 433 379

Worked during the year 2,156 2,191 1,126 1,097 1,031 1,094

Median weeks of unemployment for all workers 21.6 19.5 20.7 20.3 22.8 18.9

Percent who worked during the year1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Year-round workers2 with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment 2.3 2.2 3.5 2.6 1.0 1.8

Part-year workers3 with unemployment 97.7 97.8 96.5 97.4 99.0 98.2

1 to 4 weeks 12.7 14.8 12.1 16.2 13.4 13.4

5 to 14 weeks 22.2 24.8 23.1 22.4 21.2 27.2

15 weeks or more 62.8 58.2 61.4 58.8 64.4 57.6

With 2 spells or more of unemployment 18.0 22.0 20.6 25.0 15.3 19.1

ASIAN

Total who worked or looked for work 9,406 9,658 4,933 5,100 4,473 4,558

Percent with unemployment 9.1 7.3 9.4 6.5 8.7 8.3

Total with unemployment 852 709 462 330 390 379

Did not work but looked for work 210 163 112 65 98 99

Worked during the year 642 545 350 265 292 280

Median weeks of unemployment for all workers 16.8 14.6 15.2 14.1 18.9 15.1

Percent who worked during the year1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Year-round workers2 with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment 1.6 2.6 2.5 2.2 0.6 2.9

Part-year workers3 with unemployment 98.4 97.4 97.5 97.8 99.4 97.1

1 to 4 weeks 18.5 21.5 16.8 21.5 20.5 21.4

5 to 14 weeks 25.8 27.2 30.2 28.9 20.6 25.5

15 weeks or more 54.1 48.8 50.6 47.4 58.3 50.2

With 2 spells or more of unemployment 13.2 18.3 13.9 19.5 12.4 17.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Extent of unemployment during the year by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 2014-15 -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Extent of unemployment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

2014 2015

Men

2014 2015

Women

2014 2015

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Total who worked or looked for work 26,110 26,976 14,895 15,255 11,216 11,721

Percent with unemployment 13.5 12.1 13.8 11.8 13.1 12.4

Total with unemployment 3,531 3,257 2,059 1,799 1,472 1,458

Did not work but looked for work 697 517 367 244 330 273

Worked during the year 2,834 2,740 1,692 1,555 1,143 1,185

Median weeks of unemployment for all workers 15.9 16.0 15.8 15.6 16.2 16.7

Percent who worked during the year1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Year-round workers2 with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment 2.8 2.7 3.8 3.3 1.4 2.0

Part-year workers3 with unemployment 97.2 97.3 96.2 96.7 98.6 98.0

1 to 4 weeks 16.8 18.0 16.5 16.8 17.2 19.6

5 to 14 weeks 28.7 26.9 28.4 28.4 29.1 24.8

15 weeks or more 51.7 52.4 51.4 51.4 52.2 53.6

With 2 spells or more of unemployment 22.5 23.8 25.8 26.5 17.7 20.3

1 Time worked includes paid vacation and sick leave.

2 Worked 50 or 51 weeks.

3 Worked less than 50 weeks.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals shown in table 3 because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.