U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – MAY 2021 

Prices for U.S. imports increased 1.1 percent in May, after a 0.8-percent advance the previous month, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher prices for fuel and nonfuel imports contributed to 

both the May and April rises. U.S. export prices increased 2.2 percent in May following a 1.1-percent 

advance in April. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: May 2020 – May 2021

Imports 

U.S. import prices continued to trend up in May, rising 1.1 percent following increases of 0.8 percent in 

April, 1.5 percent in March, and 1.2 percent in February. Prices for U.S. imports have not recorded a decline 

since the index edged down 0.1 percent in October. The price index for U.S. imports advanced 11.3 percent

for the year ended in May, the largest 12-month rise since a 12.7-percent increase from September 2010 to

September 2011. (See table 1.) 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on May 2021 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 

methodology for the May 2021 release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 

May 2021 were 3.5-percentage points lower than those in May 2020. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-may-2021.htm. 

0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.2 -0.1 0.1

1.0 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.8 1.1

-6.3

-4.0

-2.8

-1.4 -1.3 -1.0 -1.0 -0.3 1.0

3.0

7.1

10.8 11.3

-9.0

-7.0

-5.0

-3.0

-1.0

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

9.0

11.0

13.0

May'20 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May'21

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, June 16, 2021 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

USDL-21-1093
2

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel rose 4.0 percent in May following a 1.6-percent advance in April. The 

price index for import fuel rose 109.6 percent for the year ended in May. Price increases for petroleum and 

natural gas drove both the May increase and the 12-month advance. Petroleum prices increased 3.8 percent 

in May, after rising 2.2 percent the previous month. Prices for import petroleum advanced 114.8 percent 

over the past 12 months. The price index for natural gas rose 7.8 percent in May following a 10.4-percent 

drop in April. Natural gas prices increased 64.1 percent from May 2020 to May 2021. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for imports excluding fuel rose 0.9 percent in May, after 

rising 0.7 percent the previous month. The May increase was led by higher prices for nonfuel industrial 

supplies and materials, consumer goods, and automotive vehicles. Nonfuel import prices rose 6.0 percent 

over the past year, the largest 12-month advance since the index increased 6.1 percent in September 2008. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices rose 4.9 percent 

in May following a 2.8-percent advance in April. The May increase was driven by higher prices for selected 

building materials, unfinished metals, and chemicals. 

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories increased in May. Consumer goods 

prices rose 0.2 percent, led by higher prices for other household goods; medicinal, dental, and 

pharmaceutical materials; and televisions and video receivers. Prices for automotive vehicles also advanced 

in May, ticking up 0.1 percent. Capital goods prices recorded no change in May. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices decreased 0.4 percent in May, after rising 

2.3 percent the previous month. The May decline was driven by lower fruit and vegetable prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: May 2020 – May 2021 

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports continued to rise in May, increasing 2.2 percent, after advances of 1.1 percent in 

April, 2.5 percent in March, and 1.6 percent in February. U.S. export prices have not recorded a monthly 

drop since a 3.5-percent decrease in April 2020. In May, higher prices for nonagricultural and agricultural 

exports both contributed to the overall advance. The price index for U.S. exports rose 17.4 percent from 

May 2020 to May 2021, the largest over-the-year increase in the series, which was first published in 

September 1983. The 12-month advance in May topped the previous high of 14.9 percent recorded the 

previous month. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 6.1 percent in May following a 0.6-

percent increase the previous month. The May advance was the largest 1-month rise since the index 

increased 7.6 percent in November 2010. In May, the advance was driven by an 11.1-percent rise in soybean 

prices, a 27.5-percent increase in corn prices, and an 18.8-percent advance in wheat prices. Prices for 

agricultural exports rose 33.6 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year increase since the 

index advanced 33.9 percent from April 2010 to April 2011. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices advanced 1.7 percent in May, after 

rising 1.2 percent in April. The May increase was driven by higher prices for nonagricultural industrial 

supplies and materials and consumer goods, which more than offset lower prices for automotive vehicles 

and nonagricultural foods. Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 15.7 percent over the past year, the largest 

12-month advance in the series, which was first published in March 1985. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 

and materials rose 4.1 percent in May and 47.1 percent over the past year. The increase in May was led by a 

5.5-percent advance in fuel prices and a 4.8-percent rise in chemical prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods categories were mixed in May. Consumer goods prices 

increased 0.6 percent following advances of 0.1 percent in April and 0.7 percent in March. In contrast, 

prices for automotive vehicles declined 0.3 percent in May, led by lower prices for nonengine parts. The 

price index for capital goods was unchanged in May, after increasing 1.3 percent from December to April. 

0.0

1.8 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8 1.2

2.7

1.6 2.5

1.1 2.2

-6.7

-4.5 -3.7 -2.7 -1.8 -1.7 -1.0

0.4 2.5

5.4

9.6

14.9

17.4

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

May'20 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May'21

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China increased 0.5 percent in May, after 

advancing 0.3 percent to 0.4 percent in each of the previous 5 months. The May rise was the largest monthly 

increase since the index advanced 0.6 percent in March 2011. Import prices from China rose 2.7 percent 

over the past year, the largest 12-month increase since the index advanced 3.3 percent from February 2011 

to February 2012. The price index for imports from Japan rose 0.4 percent in May following a 0.5-percent 

increase in April. Prices for imports from Japan advanced 2.4 percent for the year ended in May, the largest 

over-the-year rise since a 2.4-percent increase in November 2011. Import prices from Canada advanced 4.5 

percent in May. The price indexes for imports from the European Union and Mexico also rose in May, 

advancing 0.6 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China increased 2.4 percent in May following 

advances of 0.9 percent in April and 3.5 percent in March. Prices for exports to China rose 17.7 percent over 

the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year increase since the index was first published in December 2017. 

The price index for exports to Japan advanced 3.3 percent in May, after a 0.3-percent rise the previous 

month. The May increase was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 4.4 percent in June 2020. 

Export prices to Japan increased 19.7 percent for the year ended in May, the largest 12-month advance since 

the index was first published in December 2017. Prices for exports to Canada and the European Union also 

rose in May, increasing 1.2 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. The price index for exports to Mexico 

advanced 7.8 percent in May and 28.1 percent over the past year. Both increases were the largest recorded 

since the index was first published in December 2017. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 

China rose 2.0 percent in May following advances of 0.6 percent and 3.1 percent the previous 2 months. 

Despite the largest increase in import prices from China since March 2011, the rise in export prices to China 

drove U.S. terms of trade with China up in May. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 3.0 

percent in May, the largest monthly advance since a 4.1-percent increase in June 2020. U.S. terms of trade 

with Mexico rose 7.5 percent, the largest monthly advance since the index was first published in December 

2017. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union increased 0.6 percent in May. In contrast, 

U.S. terms of trade with Canada fell 3.1 percent in May and have not recorded a monthly rise since 

November 2020. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 5.0 percent in May, primarily driven by higher Asian fares, 

which rose 14.9 percent. The index for import air passenger fares also advanced over the past year, rising 

13.5 percent, the largest 12-month increase since the index advanced 13.6 percent in February 2011. Prices 

for import air freight advanced 5.1 percent in May, after increasing 7.6 percent in April. Import air freight 

prices also rose over the past 12-months, increasing 6.3 percent. The advance was the lowest over-the-year

rise since a 3.3-percent increase in March 2020. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares fell 1.8 percent in May following a 0.2-percent advance the previous 

month. The May decline was led by lower Latin American/Caribbean and Asian fares, which more than 

offset higher European fares. Despite the decrease, export air passenger fares rose 25.2 percent over the past 

year. Export air freight prices fell 0.2 percent in May, after declining 2.5 percent in April. Prices for export 

air freight advanced 0.5 percent over the past 12 months. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for June are scheduled for release on Thursday, July 15, 2021 at 

8:30 a.m. (ET).
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2020 to May

2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

All commodities................................... 100.000 131.0 132.5 11.3 1.2 1.5 0.8 1.1

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 84.649 103.6 104.6 6.0 0.4 0.8 0.7 1.0

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 91.713 117.5 118.6 6.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.9

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 91.129 121.5 122.6 6.0 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.9

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.480 190.0 189.3 5.6 1.3 2.1 2.3 -0.4

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 5.059 206.7 204.9 4.6 1.6 2.4 2.1 -0.9

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.421 152.6 154.9 9.3 0.3 1.5 3.0 1.5

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.412 217.8 227.7 54.3 4.7 5.5 2.4 4.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 16.334 190.2 199.6 33.7 2.1 3.8 2.5 4.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 15.621 215.0 225.5 33.2 1.5 4.2 2.8 4.9

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.337 219.2 232.5 42.3 1.3 4.9 2.7 6.1

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.788 154.0 158.6 20.5 3.3 1.9 2.0 3.0

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 8.871 224.6 233.5 109.6 10.9 7.8 1.6 4.0

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 8.287 242.3 251.5 114.8 10.7 8.8 2.2 3.8

Crude........................................ 10000 5.502 254.4 264.2 156.3 12.1 9.3 1.0 3.9

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.484 137.7 147.1 55.3 15.6 -4.5 -8.6 6.8

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.406 127.0 136.9 64.1 17.5 -4.8 -10.4 7.8

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.477 114.1 119.7 11.6 1.3 3.0 0.5 4.9

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.727 172.6 176.7 18.4 2.1 2.8 3.3 2.4

Selected building materials.................. 13 2.207 225.4 258.3 81.1 0.6 6.4 6.0 14.6

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.415 337.3 355.4 58.1 1.7 6.8 1.8 5.4

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.987 182.1 185.5 18.0 2.5 3.7 2.8 1.9

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.728 115.5 117.4 4.8 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.6

Capital goods................................... 2 27.534 89.1 89.1 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.383 122.1 121.9 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.584 80.9 80.9 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.566 138.5 138.6 2.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.479 111.8 111.9 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.095 107.2 107.4 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.249 124.0 124.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 11.796 91.4 91.7 1.3 -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.050 118.8 119.4 5.1 -0.1 0.9 0.2 0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2020 to May

2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

All commodities................................... 100.000 135.8 138.8 17.4 1.6 2.5 1.1 2.2

Agricultural commodities....................... 10.190 213.6 226.7 33.6 2.7 2.5 0.6 6.1

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 77.644 108.5 109.7 8.6 0.5 1.6 1.4 1.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 89.810 130.0 132.2 15.7 1.5 2.5 1.2 1.7

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 9.375 217.7 230.9 32.8 2.5 2.8 0.6 6.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.891 217.7 231.7 34.7 2.6 2.7 0.6 6.4

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.484 221.9 219.9 4.3 1.4 4.5 1.6 -0.9

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 36.667 179.1 186.5 46.2 3.8 6.0 2.6 4.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.077 203.7 208.2 23.9 -1.0 1.9 2.1 2.2

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 25.590 168.0 176.4 58.9 6.1 7.9 2.9 5.0

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.272 195.2 202.6 25.8 3.8 0.9 0.3 3.8

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 35.395 178.7 186.1 47.1 3.7 6.2 2.7 4.1

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 12.981 185.2 195.3 96.9 9.1 8.0 0.1 5.5

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 21.447 193.6 200.4 29.7 0.9 5.2 4.3 3.5

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.966 149.9 152.2 29.8 1.7 3.1 3.7 1.5

Capital goods................................... 2 33.074 112.7 112.7 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.0

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.396 120.6 120.6 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.673 95.5 95.7 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 8.006 189.6 189.4 2.8 0.9 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 9.324 115.5 115.2 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.3

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 11.560 110.9 111.6 2.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.6

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.836 109.1 109.3 2.1 0.3 1.1 -0.2 0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.539 108.3 108.8 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.5

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.184 95.7 99.1 6.9 0.0 1.1 0.2 3.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2020 to May 2021

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.109 121.6 124.4 88.2 9.7 6.5 0.8 2.3

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.018 191.6 185.9 3.7 1.4 4.0 3.0 -3.0

Crop production............................... 111 1.640 203.2 196.3 0.8 1.9 3.7 3.3 -3.4

Mining............................................ 21 6.091 115.4 120.0 138.6 12.8 7.5 0.1 4.0

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 5.826 114.8 119.3 147.5 13.0 7.9 0.0 3.9

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2020=100)................................... 212 0.265 113.1 119.9 – 9.6 -1.0 1.1 6.0

Manufacturing..................................... 91.516 115.8 117.1 7.1 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.312 128.9 129.7 3.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.687 165.0 167.7 9.6 0.9 1.4 2.1 1.6

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.189 132.1 132.1 3.0 1.9 0.5 0.2 0.0

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.347 103.2 103.4 4.9 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.2

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.926 107.7 107.8 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.1

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.604 113.0 113.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.2

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.559 124.0 124.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 19.461 134.7 139.1 18.5 1.5 2.6 2.1 3.3

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 1.554 209.2 254.7 156.8 0.7 9.7 8.6 21.7

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.934 110.1 113.4 7.4 0.6 1.9 0.6 3.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.554 99.7 103.7 54.5 6.8 8.4 5.3 4.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.835 144.5 146.7 8.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.411 123.6 123.1 3.9 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.989 132.3 133.3 1.4 -0.2 0.5 0.2 0.8

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 60.744 107.4 108.0 4.5 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.6

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.936 218.8 230.1 52.0 1.8 6.8 2.0 5.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.246 133.9 135.2 7.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.0

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.677 121.4 121.5 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.026 72.1 72.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.122 118.2 118.4 0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.786 111.3 111.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.721 117.1 117.5 2.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.229 119.8 119.9 2.2 -0.9 0.1 -0.3 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2020 to May 2021

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Nonmanufacturing................................ 12.723 151.8 161.4 70.8 6.7 3.9 0.3 6.3

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.368 190.3 209.2 49.9 3.8 2.5 -0.6 9.9

Crop production............................... 111 5.122 199.7 221.0 51.9 3.5 2.2 -0.8 10.7

Mining............................................ 21 7.354 87.4 90.7 98.5 9.0 5.0 0.9 3.8

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.068 102.8 105.5 15.2 1.7 3.1 1.9 2.6

Manufacturing..................................... 85.362 123.4 125.4 11.5 1.0 2.2 1.2 1.6

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.706 153.9 156.4 13.3 1.2 2.3 1.6 1.6

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.733 176.6 180.4 16.8 1.6 3.1 2.1 2.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.616 139.8 140.0 12.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.114 125.3 130.4 32.3 3.1 6.4 2.5 4.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.529 126.7 129.0 34.8 2.2 4.6 5.4 1.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.476 129.8 136.4 15.6 1.7 1.3 4.5 5.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 5.700 110.6 119.4 101.0 9.2 12.1 -1.0 8.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 14.393 135.9 140.2 23.9 1.9 6.2 4.1 3.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.081 118.4 118.9 1.3 0.1 0.4 1.3 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.759 123.8 123.9 5.4 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 53.541 119.3 119.9 3.5 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.5

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.302 200.9 208.8 30.4 -1.6 1.5 3.7 3.9

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 2.797 155.1 155.7 3.9 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.4

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 8.714 132.4 133.1 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.5

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 12.664 81.8 81.8 -0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.472 119.1 119.1 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.325 132.1 131.9 1.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.367 130.2 131.0 5.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.900 120.7 122.1 3.6 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2020 to May

2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.431 212.5 217.6 14.5 0.4 3.0 3.7 2.4

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.419 316.5 332.3 22.1 4.2 4.3 5.0 5.0

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.735 145.3 148.8 13.2 -2.3 3.7 4.1 2.4

Vegetable products............................... II 2.041 224.9 217.0 1.4 1.9 3.7 3.0 -3.5

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.367 420.7 389.7 -21.2 -1.2 -8.0 6.9 -7.4

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.812 127.9 113.6 -1.9 5.5 12.2 4.3 -11.2

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.358 224.9 238.2 11.3 0.9 2.9 -2.6 5.9

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.362 124.1 129.6 51.0 1.4 7.2 6.3 4.4

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.037 173.6 174.3 3.7 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.4

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.204 98.0 98.3 -2.7 0.6 -0.1 -1.7 0.3

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.347 174.0 174.0 3.0 2.7 0.0 0.3 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.156 145.0 145.0 4.4 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.0

Mineral products.................................. V 8.979 226.8 235.2 103.5 11.1 7.4 1.5 3.7

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.630 222.7 230.8 108.9 11.2 7.8 1.5 3.6

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.191 163.1 164.6 7.0 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.9

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.616 364.9 370.5 37.3 6.3 12.9 6.4 1.5

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.318 135.4 140.2 16.2 0.5 2.8 2.6 3.5

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.116 152.3 152.5 -1.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100).................... 31 0.369 143.5 137.7 – 6.8 10.9 16.1 -4.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.602 108.1 109.3 8.8 0.0 -0.1 0.2 1.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.739 150.8 153.3 12.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 1.7

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.476 152.3 156.5 13.5 1.5 0.5 0.4 2.8

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.264 150.3 149.5 10.3 -1.5 -0.4 -0.8 -0.5

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.526 132.0 133.0 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.600 303.7 368.0 155.4 1.0 9.8 8.9 21.2

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 1.557 213.5 259.8 161.6 1.0 10.1 9.2 21.7

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.950 114.3 117.9 6.3 0.4 1.7 0.1 3.1

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.633 106.0 106.7 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.7

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.690 115.0 115.2 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.896 105.3 105.6 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.561 122.0 121.9 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.636 100.5 100.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.339 123.8 123.8 -0.5 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.120 122.0 122.0 -0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2020 to May

2021 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.882 131.6 131.8 -0.2 -0.8 -0.1 0.4 0.2

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.318 99.0 99.5 – -1.9 -0.3 1.0 0.5

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.118 246.1 253.0 30.1 -1.1 4.1 1.1 2.8

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.896 201.0 207.0 26.9 2.5 3.8 1.5 3.0

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.110 252.2 265.6 42.0 3.4 4.4 0.8 5.3

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.704 161.9 164.3 12.8 2.1 2.5 3.3 1.5

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.556 401.8 432.8 68.6 4.1 12.6 -0.7 7.7

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.077 162.4 168.9 41.7 0.1 3.3 3.0 4.0

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.419 123.6 124.2 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.519 138.2 139.6 4.4 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.099 79.7 79.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.014 85.6 85.8 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.085 74.0 74.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.827 115.8 116.0 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.630 115.0 115.2 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 1.101 100.8 100.9 – 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.112 102.3 102.4 0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.1

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.836 98.3 98.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.085 111.7 112.0 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.3

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.522 118.1 118.6 1.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.300 101.1 101.0 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.264 128.4 128.4 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2020 to May

2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.022 240.9 243.6 18.6 1.9 6.2 2.6 1.1

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.300 196.5 199.7 21.3 1.1 9.0 2.2 1.6

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.306 120.6 119.2 3.7 0.9 5.1 3.2 -1.2

Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 04 0.349 103.3 104.5 – 6.0 -1.3 4.4 1.2

Vegetable products............................... II 4.905 248.9 275.0 51.5 3.4 2.1 -0.8 10.5

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.943 142.2 140.4 9.9 3.2 4.7 -2.9 -1.3

Cereals............................................ 10 1.361 254.7 313.4 76.4 6.2 -0.3 -1.2 23.0

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.166 279.9 307.4 67.9 2.0 2.7 -0.4 9.8

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.964 168.6 171.1 13.6 0.7 0.9 1.8 1.5

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.584 101.0 102.0 3.4 -0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.492 110.1 110.1 9.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.855 297.6 309.2 43.6 3.0 3.2 4.7 3.9

Mineral products.................................. V 13.002 224.6 237.2 98.8 8.9 7.9 0.1 5.6

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.548 120.7 125.1 50.7 1.3 2.8 3.6 3.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 12.298 214.1 226.4 104.7 9.4 8.2 0.0 5.7

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.191 148.7 154.2 14.8 1.1 2.9 2.1 3.7

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.648 139.8 140.6 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.6

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.911 177.9 181.7 38.7 3.1 5.5 5.6 2.1

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.289 109.9 110.1 4.0 0.3 1.9 -0.6 0.2

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.834 131.6 132.3 3.4 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.5

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.423 125.7 125.7 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.968 166.7 192.2 22.8 0.1 3.9 3.3 15.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.798 175.5 175.7 27.4 3.0 8.1 6.2 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.995 178.4 178.6 32.8 3.5 9.5 7.1 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.804 154.0 154.4 2.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.3

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.628 122.5 125.0 31.6 2.1 3.6 4.8 2.0

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.839 136.2 141.8 15.8 0.2 1.7 4.7 4.1

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.669 153.2 170.8 44.1 3.3 5.0 10.0 11.5

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.928 128.8 128.5 4.6 0.5 0.1 2.3 -0.2

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.629 125.2 127.4 9.5 2.0 1.0 -0.6 1.8

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.541 134.9 142.0 34.5 5.8 2.9 -2.3 5.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.761 135.2 135.3 7.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.414 99.6 99.7 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2020 to May

2021 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.555 318.4 328.5 20.3 -1.5 0.3 2.6 3.2

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.933 190.3 194.6 29.6 -0.7 3.7 0.4 2.3

Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)............... 72 1.160 134.7 138.1 – -3.7 6.8 -1.6 2.5

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.638 258.2 279.7 79.9 -1.2 11.2 2.6 8.3

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.867 135.2 135.8 48.3 0.0 3.6 1.3 0.4

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 26.338 98.8 98.7 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.797 117.8 118.1 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.3

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 10.541 78.4 78.1 -0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 11.941 139.8 139.8 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 7.750 117.9 118.1 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.681 110.6 110.8 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.218 116.9 117.2 3.0 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.3

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.684 137.8 138.1 4.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.386 89.6 89.9 1.6 1.3 0.0 0.7 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: May 2020 to May 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 136.5 138.9 18.8 1.7 2.1 0.7 1.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.524 205.9 214.2 176.7 11.5 8.1 1.1 4.0

Manufacturing................................ 89.670 130.2 132.2 10.5 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.5

Canada.......................................... 100.000 160.9 168.1 55.2 3.8 4.6 1.8 4.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 25.812 203.1 211.2 196.6 12.0 8.4 1.2 4.0

Manufacturing................................ 72.952 152.5 159.6 28.7 1.5 3.3 2.1 4.7

European Union............................... 100.000 143.9 144.7 6.5 0.9 1.1 0.1 0.6

Manufacturing................................ 98.834 139.7 140.6 6.4 0.7 1.0 0.1 0.6

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 133.4 134.1 6.3 2.5 0.4 -0.1 0.5

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 117.6 117.8 4.5 0.5 1.2 -0.5 0.2

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 129.9 131.7 10.6 1.4 2.4 -0.3 1.4

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 151.9 153.3 10.0 1.2 1.3 0.7 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.498 266.8 266.9 45.3 6.9 6.2 1.0 0.0

Manufacturing................................ 86.228 124.4 125.7 5.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.0

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 131.4 131.7 4.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.2

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.656 156.1 147.8 40.1 10.1 11.5 6.0 -5.3

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.099 89.7 90.3 2.5 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.7

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 99.7 100.1 2.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 100.1 100.6 2.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5

Japan............................................ 100.000 98.3 98.7 2.4 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.4

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 101.6 102.3 5.0 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.7

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 89.8 90.9 6.7 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.2

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 98.8 99.1 1.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.3

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 184.4 190.5 43.2 3.0 4.5 1.3 3.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: May 2020 to May 2021

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 108.6 110.6 12.5 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.352 116.2 125.8 78.2 6.8 2.8 -0.6 8.3

Manufacturing................................ 87.015 107.7 108.7 6.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.9

Canada.......................................... 100.000 112.3 113.7 15.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 9.293 121.0 128.0 – 8.0 1.2 0.0 5.8

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 89.647 105.2 106.1 – 0.9 1.5 1.4 0.9

European Union............................... 100.000 109.2 110.4 10.6 1.5 1.1 0.3 1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.018 113.6 119.8 84.0 8.7 5.3 -0.8 5.5

Manufacturing................................ 85.525 107.6 108.1 4.2 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5

Germany........................................ 100.000 108.5 109.2 4.0 0.0 0.2 -0.2 0.6

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 111.9 117.5 28.3 2.6 4.5 1.5 5.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.443 140.2 154.4 72.5 6.5 1.7 -0.8 10.1

Manufacturing................................ 90.139 109.7 114.6 24.8 2.3 4.9 1.7 4.5

Mexico........................................... 100.000 112.0 120.7 28.1 2.4 3.9 2.7 7.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.800 129.0 150.5 70.4 6.3 -2.9 0.1 16.7

Manufacturing................................ 91.840 111.0 118.7 25.6 2.1 4.7 2.9 6.9

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 107.2 109.4 14.8 1.1 2.5 0.4 2.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.923 110.6 120.3 66.4 5.5 3.1 0.5 8.8

Manufacturing................................ 80.221 105.6 106.1 6.1 0.2 2.1 0.4 0.5

China............................................ 100.000 106.5 109.1 17.7 1.0 3.5 0.9 2.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.104 110.2 121.0 114.9 4.0 4.1 0.0 9.8

Manufacturing................................ 82.862 107.1 108.1 7.9 0.6 3.4 0.8 0.9

Japan............................................ 100.000 107.6 111.2 19.7 1.6 1.3 0.3 3.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 22.356 116.5 130.9 109.1 8.0 3.2 -0.3 12.4

Manufacturing................................ 74.930 102.7 103.3 2.8 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: May 2020 to May 20211

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 97.4 97.5 -5.2 -0.8 -1.0 0.0 0.1

Canada.................................................. 91.7 88.9 -25.5 -2.3 -3.1 -0.4 -3.1

European Union...................................... 102.1 102.7 3.9 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.6

Germany................................................ 106.2 106.7 -0.5 -0.6 -1.0 0.4 0.5

Latin America3

........................................ 109.7 114.1 16.7 1.3 3.1 0.8 4.0

Mexico.................................................. 110.0 118.2 22.2 1.6 3.0 1.9 7.5

Pacific Rim4............................................ 105.8 107.5 11.9 0.8 2.0 0.1 1.6

China.................................................... 106.5 108.6 14.7 0.7 3.1 0.6 2.0

Japan.................................................... 104.5 107.6 17.0 1.5 1.2 -0.3 3.0

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: May 2020

to May 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20211

Index Percent change

Apr.

2021

May

2021

Annual Monthly

May

2020 to

May

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2021 to

May

2021

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 322.4 339.0 6.3 3.4 -4.1 7.6 5.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 23.703 248.2 249.4 16.1 2.1 -1.6 -0.4 0.5

Asia.................................................. 66.507 329.1 354.2 -0.1 4.3 -5.6 7.1 7.6

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 165.7 165.4 0.5 0.2 0.9 -2.5 -0.2

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 30.586 140.8 141.8 -6.6 8.2 0.3 -8.0 0.7

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 41.250 119.2 118.7 1.6 -3.1 2.5 0.1 -0.4

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 242.4 256.7 4.3 -0.4 -3.0 4.5 5.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 23.217 173.5 174.3 6.2 0.0 -1.6 -0.9 0.5

Asia.................................................. 65.170 246.3 268.1 1.2 -0.6 -3.9 3.8 8.9

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 162.2 149.2 -5.8 8.1 0.4 -1.1 -8.0

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 29.134 162.0 163.0 -7.5 7.0 0.2 -6.0 0.6

Asia.................................................. 50.844 165.7 139.6 -8.9 12.9 0.9 0.5 -15.8

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 147.2 154.6 13.5 1.9 -3.6 0.9 5.0

Europe............................................... 40.511 146.4 145.8 6.9 6.5 2.2 1.9 -0.4

Asia.................................................. 30.801 160.4 184.3 51.2 -4.2 -9.1 -2.9 14.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 6.760 111.1 116.0 -7.6 -0.2 -0.7 12.4 4.4

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 160.3 157.4 25.2 -4.7 -1.5 0.2 -1.8

Europe............................................... 27.512 183.8 186.8 35.3 5.3 -4.6 -2.3 1.6

Asia.................................................. 29.391 170.8 165.3 33.0 -6.9 -1.2 -8.5 -3.2

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 22.149 145.1 138.8 -0.9 -17.3 -1.0 13.9 -4.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.